Dry vacuum on-load tap changer with forward and reverse adjustment

Abstract

This invention provides a dry-type vacuum on-load tap changer with forward and reverse voltage regulation, comprising: a forward and reverse voltage regulation circuit module for adjusting the voltage output by changing the connection method of the transformer's basic winding and reverse winding; a vacuum interrupter, electrically connected to the forward and reverse voltage regulation circuit module, for carrying and switching the load current during voltage regulation operations and extinguishing the generated arc in a vacuum environment; and a mechanical transmission module, mechanically coupled to the vacuum interrupter, for providing power to drive the contacts of the vacuum interrupter to perform opening and closing operations. This invention achieves efficient switching between forward and reverse voltage regulation by changing the connection method of the transformer windings, while avoiding equipment damage and system instability caused by arcing, and also considering the compactness of the equipment structure and the insulation safety of long-term operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrical control technology, and in particular to a dry-type vacuum on-load tap changer with forward and reverse adjustment. Background Technology

[0002] In power systems, the core of transformer voltage regulation technology lies in how to achieve precise voltage regulation while ensuring the safety and reliability of the equipment, even with uninterrupted load current.

[0003] The current technical challenge is how to achieve efficient switching between forward and reverse voltage regulation by changing the connection method of the transformer windings in a dynamic environment where the load current is continuously operating, while avoiding equipment damage and system instability caused by electric arcs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a dry-type vacuum on-load tap changer with forward and reverse voltage regulation. By changing the connection method of the transformer winding, it achieves efficient switching between forward and reverse voltage regulation. At the same time, through forward and reverse voltage regulation, it can effectively avoid equipment damage and system instability caused by electric arcs. It also achieves a compact design of the equipment structure and ensures the insulation safety of the equipment during long-term operation.

[0005] This invention provides a dry-type vacuum on-load tap changer with forward and reverse adjustment, comprising: a forward and reverse voltage adjustment circuit module, used to adjust the voltage output by changing the connection method between the basic winding and the reverse winding of the transformer;

[0006] The vacuum interrupter is electrically connected to the positive and negative voltage regulation circuit module. It is used to carry and switch the load current when performing voltage regulation operation and to extinguish the generated arc in a vacuum environment.

[0007] The mechanical transmission module, mechanically coupled to the vacuum interrupter, is used to provide power to drive the contacts of the vacuum interrupter to perform opening and closing operations;

[0008] Preferably, the forward and reverse voltage regulation circuit module, the vacuum interrupter, and the mechanical transmission module are integrated in a fully dry-insulated housing and are used to enable the forward and reverse connection switching of the transformer winding terminals under uninterrupted load current.

[0009] Preferably, the vacuum interrupter extinguishes the arc when the current crosses zero based on the insulation strength and arc-extinguishing capability of the vacuum medium; if the load current continues, the vacuum interrupter maintains the oil-free switching process.

[0010] The timing sequence for complex current switching is determined based on the arc-extinguishing capability of the vacuum interrupter, and is used to perform forward and reverse adjustment operations.

[0011] The mechanical transmission module is a spring mechanism, which is a four-bar linkage spring energy storage mechanism that passes through the dead point.

[0012] Preferably, the forward and reverse voltage regulation circuit module expands the voltage regulation range and reduces the number of taps by changing the connection between the reverse winding and the basic winding.

[0013] The forward and reverse voltage regulation circuit module changes the polarity connection relationship through the reverse winding.

[0014] The forward and reverse voltage regulation circuit module uses a solid insulating medium to insulate the reverse winding from the basic winding.

[0015] Preferably, a contact material database is constructed based on historically collected contact material data and surface roughness data. The conductivity of the contacts is analyzed, and contact material combinations suitable for high load current transmission are selected. The resistivity change rate data of the contact material combinations under high temperature environment is obtained, and a preliminary contact material formulation scheme is obtained.

[0016] Preferably, based on the contact structure geometry parameters and the uniformity of contact pressure distribution, the electric field coupling effect between the contact and the vacuum interrupter is modeled and analyzed through a preliminary contact material formulation scheme to determine the improved contact structure parameter configuration of the vacuum interrupter.

[0017] Preferably, an electric field distribution model of the contact and the vacuum interrupter is constructed based on the improved contact structure parameter configuration, the anti-oxidation coating formulation of the contact material, and the optimized thermal conductivity coefficient of the contact contact area; based on the electric field distribution model, the contact interface parameters between the contact and the solid insulating medium are adjusted and optimized to obtain the optimal potential distribution scheme.

[0018] Preferably, based on the optimal potential distribution scheme, a high-precision positioning drive control command is obtained; the drive control command is executed, and the displacement data of the transmission system is collected in real time, and the calibration results are compared with the torque output curve of the drive motor to determine whether the switching action has reached the preset accuracy threshold. If the preset threshold is not reached, the friction force of the transmission chain is dynamically adjusted, and its working parameters are compensated in real time to obtain action consistency data; using the action consistency data, a dynamic monitoring model of load current transmission is constructed to predict the changing trend of contact resistance, and a real-time optimization adjustment scheme for contact resistance is determined based on the prediction results.

[0019] Preferably, the overall insulation reliability under dry vacuum environment is evaluated based on the real-time optimization adjustment scheme of the contact resistance. If the reliability is low, the optimization results of the potential difference fluctuation between windings and the pulse width modulation frequency of the drive signal are analyzed to determine whether the risk of partial discharge is within the preset safe range. If it is not within the safe range, the distribution parameters of the solid insulating medium and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the contact area are optimized to determine the final insulation optimization configuration.

[0020] The working principle and beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0021] This invention provides a dry-type vacuum on-load tap changer with forward and reverse adjustment, comprising: a forward and reverse voltage regulation circuit module for adjusting the voltage output by changing the connection method between the basic winding and the reverse winding of a transformer; a vacuum interrupter electrically connected to the forward and reverse voltage regulation circuit module for carrying and switching the load current during voltage regulation operations and extinguishing the generated arc in a vacuum environment; and a mechanical transmission module mechanically coupled to the vacuum interrupter for providing power to drive the contacts of the vacuum interrupter to perform opening and closing operations.

[0022] This invention discloses a dry-type vacuum on-load tap changer with forward and reverse adjustment, which solves the problems of load current interruption, complex maintenance of oil-immersed insulation, difficulty in extinguishing electric arc and limited voltage adjustment range in the traditional transformer voltage regulation process. It integrates forward and reverse voltage regulation circuit module, vacuum interrupter and mechanical transmission module in a fully dry-type insulated shell.

[0023] Under uninterrupted load current, the connection method and polarity relationship between the transformer's basic winding and reverse winding are changed by using the forward and reverse voltage regulation circuit module, thereby expanding the voltage regulation range and reducing the number of taps; solid insulating medium is used to achieve insulation between windings.

[0024] By setting up a circuit module in the vacuum interrupter, the arc is extinguished when the current crosses zero during the process of carrying and switching load current in a vacuum environment, thus realizing the control process of oil-free switching.

[0025] The mechanical transmission module adopts a four-bar over-dead-point spring energy storage mechanism to provide power for driving the opening and closing of the contacts; and determines the complex current switching sequence according to the arc-extinguishing capacity of the vacuum interrupter, thereby improving the reliability of transformer operation and the convenience of maintenance.

[0026] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the system control logic of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0032] This invention discloses a dry-type vacuum on-load tap changer with forward and reverse adjustment, which is used to solve the problems of load current interruption, complex oil-immersed insulation maintenance, difficulty in extinguishing electric arc and limited voltage adjustment range in the traditional transformer voltage regulation process. It integrates forward and reverse voltage regulation circuit module, vacuum interrupter and mechanical transmission module in a fully dry-type insulated shell.

[0033] Under uninterrupted load current, the connection method and polarity relationship between the transformer's basic winding and reverse winding are changed by using the forward and reverse voltage regulation circuit module, thereby expanding the voltage regulation range and reducing the number of taps; solid insulating medium is used to achieve insulation between windings.

[0034] By setting up a circuit module in the vacuum interrupter, the arc is extinguished when the current crosses zero during the process of carrying and switching load current in a vacuum environment, thus realizing the control process of oil-free switching.

[0035] The mechanical transmission module adopts a four-bar over-dead-point spring energy storage mechanism to provide power to drive the opening and closing of the contacts;

[0036] Furthermore, the timing sequence for complex current switching is determined based on the arc-extinguishing capability of the vacuum interrupter, thereby improving the operational reliability and maintenance convenience of the transformer.

[0037] Specifically, according to Figures 1-2 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a dry-type vacuum on-load tap changer with forward and reverse adjustment, including: a forward and reverse voltage adjustment circuit module, used to adjust the voltage output by changing the connection mode of the transformer's basic winding and reverse winding;

[0038] The vacuum interrupter is electrically connected to the positive and negative voltage regulation circuit module. It is used to carry and switch the load current when performing voltage regulation operation and to extinguish the generated arc in a vacuum environment.

[0039] The mechanical transmission module, mechanically coupled to the vacuum interrupter, is used to provide power to drive the contacts of the vacuum interrupter to perform opening and closing operations.

[0040] The forward and reverse voltage regulation circuit module, vacuum interrupter, and mechanical transmission module are integrated in a fully dry-insulated housing and are used to enable the forward and reverse switching of transformer winding terminals under uninterrupted load current.

[0041] This invention focuses on the automation of current switching and voltage regulation control, addressing issues such as load current interruption, complex oil-immersed insulation maintenance, difficulty in extinguishing the arc, and limited voltage regulation range in traditional transformer voltage regulation processes. It revolves around vacuum medium, insulation strength, arc extinguishing capability, current zero crossing, oil-free switching, switching sequence, forward and reverse voltage regulation, reverse winding, basic winding, polarity connection, solid insulation, and spring mechanism.

[0042] Specifically, firstly, the insulation strength data of the vacuum medium is collected. Based on the preset insulation threshold range, it is judged whether the arc extinction condition of the collected insulation strength data of the vacuum medium is met, specifically the arc extinction condition when the current crosses zero.

[0043] If the collected insulation strength data is lower than the preset threshold, a supplementary insulation detection process is triggered to obtain an updated insulation strength status value. Based on the aforementioned insulation strength status value and combined with the real-time monitoring data at the moment the current crosses zero, the feasibility of the arc extinguishing capability is determined.

[0044] If the arc extinguishing capability meets the preset conditions, a corresponding oil-free switching command is generated, and the current fluctuation data during the switching process is recorded. Based on the generated oil-free switching command, the preset rules for the switching sequence are obtained. The execution order of adjusting the switching sequence is judged by combining the current fluctuation data and the preset rules for the switching sequence.

[0045] If the fluctuation data exceeds the preset range, the switching timing is dynamically corrected to obtain an optimized timing scheme. Using the optimized timing scheme, the four-bar energy storage action of the spring mechanism is driven. Based on the four-bar energy storage action, a feedback signal of the energy storage state is obtained. The feedback signal is then used to determine whether it meets the execution conditions for positive and negative voltage regulation.

[0046] If the feedback signal indicates insufficient energy storage, an energy storage replenishment operation is triggered to determine the final drive state.

[0047] Next, based on the final drive state, the forward and reverse voltage regulation circuit modules are controlled to regulate the voltage.

[0048] Obtain the connection configuration data between the reverse winding and the basic winding, and based on this configuration data, determine whether the polarity connection conforms to the preset rules;

[0049] If there is a deviation in the connection configuration data, adjust the polarity connection parameters to obtain a stable voltage regulation output;

[0050] Using the obtained voltage regulation output and solid insulation medium isolation performance data, the insulation status between the reverse winding and the basic winding is judged to be up to standard.

[0051] If the insulation condition is lower than the preset standard, the insulation performance enhancement process is triggered to determine the final insulation protection scheme.

[0052] Based on the final insulation protection scheme, the operation log of the entire switching and voltage regulation process is obtained, and it is determined whether there are any potential current zero crossing anomalies or arc extinction capability reductions.

[0053] If there are potential anomalies, the abnormal data is extracted and a corresponding maintenance trigger signal is generated, and further optimization is performed based on the trigger signal.

[0054] In one embodiment, the vacuum interrupter extinguishes the arc when the current crosses zero based on the insulation strength and arc-extinguishing capability of the vacuum medium; if the load current continues, the vacuum interrupter maintains the oil-free switching process.

[0055] The timing sequence for complex current switching is determined based on the arc-extinguishing capability of the vacuum interrupter, and is used to perform forward and reverse adjustment operations.

[0056] The mechanical transmission module is a spring mechanism, which is a four-bar linkage spring energy storage mechanism that passes through the dead point.

[0057] The forward and reverse voltage regulation circuit module expands the voltage regulation range and reduces the number of taps by changing the connection between the reverse winding and the basic winding.

[0058] The forward and reverse voltage regulation circuit module changes the polarity connection relationship through the reverse winding.

[0059] The forward and reverse voltage regulation circuit module uses a solid insulating medium to insulate the reverse winding from the basic winding.

[0060] In this embodiment, firstly, the current connection status data of the positive and negative voltage regulation circuit modules is obtained.

[0061] Based on the current connection status data, the connection methods of the basic winding and the reverse winding are recorded in real time. After analyzing the switching requirements of the winding connection, the direction and magnitude of voltage regulation are determined.

[0062] Based on the determined direction and magnitude of voltage regulation, corresponding circuit module control signals are generated, and switching instructions are generated.

[0063] The switching quality is sent to the forward and reverse voltage regulation circuit, which adjusts the connection method of the basic winding and the reverse winding through the logic processing module to obtain the circuit state information after switching.

[0064] Extract load current change data from the switched circuit status information, and realize real-time monitoring of the working status of the vacuum interrupter based on the load current change data;

[0065] If the load current exceeds the preset threshold range, the arc extinguishing protection is triggered; based on the arc extinguishing protection, an execution signal for arc extinguishing is obtained.

[0066] By using the execution signal of the extinguishing of the electric arc, the working parameters of the mechanical transmission module are adjusted to achieve precise control of the opening and closing actions of the contact operation;

[0067] The physical switching of the contacts is completed based on the power output module, and the completion status of the contact operation is determined.

[0068] In addition, feedback data of the switching action is extracted from the completion status of the contact operation, and the continuity of the load current is detected based on the feedback data;

[0069] If a current interruption is detected, the operating parameters of the mechanical transmission module are readjusted through the backup control path to obtain a stable current transmission state.

[0070] Based on a stable current transmission state, the final result of tap switching is recorded, and data on the overall operating environment inside the dry-insulated enclosure is collected.

[0071] The stability of the positive and negative voltage regulation circuit module and the vacuum interrupter is judged based on the environmental parameter analysis module, and the stability judgment result is obtained.

[0072] Potential risk data are extracted from the results of operational stability assessment to predict and analyze the long-term reliability of tap switching.

[0073] Finally, using a pre-set risk assessment model, the maintenance scheduling plan for the positive and negative voltage regulation circuit modules and related components is completed, and the optimization scheme for subsequent operations is determined.

[0074] In one embodiment, a contact material database is constructed based on historically collected contact material data and surface roughness data. The conductivity of the contacts is analyzed, and contact material combinations suitable for high load current transmission are selected. The resistivity change rate data of the contact material combinations under high temperature environment is obtained, and a preliminary contact material formulation scheme is obtained.

[0075] In this embodiment, firstly, based on historical records, data related to contact materials and surface roughness are obtained. After cleaning outliers and missing values ​​from the above data, a standardized contact material database is constructed, and a structured basic dataset is obtained.

[0076] Based on a structured basic dataset, the correlation between the conductivity and surface roughness of contact materials is analyzed, and the conductivity is classified and predicted to determine the preliminary performance classification results.

[0077] Based on the performance classification results, contact material combinations that perform well in high load current scenarios were selected.

[0078] If the conductivity of a material combination in the classification results is higher than a preset threshold, it is marked as a candidate combination, and a list of candidate material combinations is obtained.

[0079] Obtain the material combinations from the candidate material combination list, and conduct resistance change rate tests in a high-temperature environment. Record the resistance data under different temperature conditions, judge the stability of each material combination in a high-temperature environment, and obtain the stability performance results in a high-temperature environment.

[0080] Based on the stability performance under high temperature conditions, the resistivity change rate of each candidate material combination is calculated, and the calculation results are judged.

[0081] If the resistance change rate of a certain material combination is lower than a preset threshold, it will be included in the priority consideration range, and then the priority material combination set will be determined.

[0082] By prioritizing material combinations and combining conductivity and high-temperature stability data, a preliminary contact material formulation scheme is generated, resulting in a material formulation scheme suitable for high load current transmission.

[0083] In one embodiment, based on the contact structure geometry parameters and the uniformity of contact pressure distribution, the electric field coupling effect between the contact and the vacuum interrupter is modeled and analyzed through a preliminary contact material formulation scheme to determine the improved contact structure parameter configuration of the vacuum interrupter.

[0084] In this embodiment, firstly, based on the collected geometric parameters and contact pressure data of the contact structure, the initial configuration of the contact structure is reconstructed in three dimensions to obtain a digital representation of the contact structure;

[0085] Based on the digital representation of the contact structure, combined with data on contact pressure and pressure distribution, the uniformity of pressure distribution is simulated and calculated, and the key areas of pressure distribution are determined.

[0086] Based on the key regions of pressure distribution, the properties of contact materials and material formulations, a simulation environment for electric field coupling is constructed to obtain preliminary distribution data of the electric field coupling effect.

[0087] If there are non-uniform regions in the initial distribution data, the geometric and structural parameters are adjusted and iterated multiple times to obtain the optimized electric field coupling distribution results.

[0088] Based on the distribution results of electric field coupling and combined with the operating conditions of the vacuum interrupter, the parameter configuration of the contact structure is checked, and the final structural parameter configuration scheme is obtained.

[0089] Based on the final structural parameter configuration scheme, a matching model between the contact structure and the vacuum interrupter is generated;

[0090] The matching model is evaluated based on performance thresholds to obtain optimized configuration data suitable for practical applications.

[0091] In one embodiment, an electric field distribution model of the contact and the vacuum interrupter is constructed based on the improved contact structure parameter configuration, the anti-oxidation coating formulation of the contact material, and the optimized thermal conductivity coefficient of the contact contact area. Based on the electric field distribution model, the contact interface parameters between the contact and the solid insulating medium are adjusted and optimized to obtain the optimal potential distribution scheme.

[0092] In this embodiment, contact geometry data is obtained from the improved contact structure parameter configuration, and the surface resistivity value is determined in combination with the contact material anti-oxidation coating formulation.

[0093] The electric field distribution model of the contact and the vacuum interrupter is constructed by means of the finite element analysis method, which uses geometric data and surface resistivity values ​​as the basis for mesh generation.

[0094] The electric field strength is calculated by solving the Laplace equation; where the Laplace equation is expressed as: , Given the potential, we obtain the electric field intensity distribution diagram.

[0095] Based on the electric field intensity distribution map, the optimized thermal conductivity coefficient of the contact area is obtained, and the contact interface parameters between the contact and the solid insulating medium are adjusted. The influence of the thermal conductivity coefficient on the interface potential gradient is calculated iteratively.

[0096] The iterative calculation starts from the initial potential gradient and gradually updates the parameters until convergence, determining the preliminary optimized values ​​of the interface parameters;

[0097] The potential gradient change trend is extracted from the preliminary optimized value, and the electric field uniformity under the change trend is evaluated by the Monte Carlo simulation method. The Monte Carlo simulation method generates multiple potential distribution scenarios by randomly sampling interface parameters. If the uniformity is lower than a preset threshold, the thermal conductivity coefficient is readjusted to obtain a uniform potential distribution dataset.

[0098] For the uniform potential distribution dataset, the oxidation resistance performance data of the contact material anti-oxidation coating formulation is integrated, and the thermal stress distribution of the contact area is simulated through the electric field distribution model. The simulation starts from the input of the uniform potential distribution dataset to calculate the stress tensor and determine the optimal combination of contact interface parameters.

[0099] A potential distribution scheme is generated from the optimal combination of contact interface parameters. By comparing the difference between the scheme and the initial electric field distribution model, the potential deviation integral is calculated to obtain the optimal potential distribution scheme.

[0100] In one embodiment, a high-precision positioning drive control command is obtained based on the optimal potential distribution scheme;

[0101] The drive control commands are executed, and the displacement data of the transmission system is collected in real time and the results are calibrated with the torque output curve of the drive motor.

[0102] Determine whether the cutting action has reached the preset accuracy threshold. If it has not reached the preset threshold, dynamically adjust the friction force of the transmission chain.

[0103] Next, its working parameters are compensated in real time to obtain action consistency data;

[0104] A dynamic monitoring model for load current transmission is constructed using action consistency data, and this model is used to predict the changing trend of contact resistance.

[0105] A real-time optimization adjustment scheme for contact resistance is determined based on the prediction results.

[0106] In this embodiment, high-precision positioning data is obtained through the optimal potential distribution scheme, the torque output curve is calibrated by the transmission displacement acquisition method, and the calibrated torque output curve is compared with the displacement data to determine whether the accuracy threshold is met, thereby obtaining the basis for chain friction adjustment.

[0107] Based on the chain friction adjustment compensation working parameters, action consistency data is constructed, and current dynamic monitoring features are extracted from the action consistency data to determine the resistance change trend prediction input.

[0108] A dynamic monitoring model is established using resistance change trend prediction input. The dynamic monitoring model takes resistance change trend prediction input as input and outputs contact resistance change prediction. The contact resistance is analyzed using the dynamic monitoring model to obtain a draft real-time optimization adjustment scheme.

[0109] In the draft real-time optimization and adjustment scheme, if the resistance change trend exceeds the preset threshold, the friction force of the transmission chain will be corrected in real time through parameter compensation to obtain updated action consistency data.

[0110] Based on the updated action consistency data and dynamic current monitoring, the adjustment path of the contact resistance is predicted, and the real-time optimization adjustment scheme of the contact resistance is determined.

[0111] In one embodiment, the overall insulation reliability under dry vacuum environment is evaluated based on the real-time optimization adjustment scheme of the contact resistance. If the reliability is low, the optimization results of the potential difference fluctuation between windings and the pulse width modulation frequency of the drive signal are analyzed to determine whether the risk of partial discharge is within the preset safe range. If it is not within the safe range, the distribution parameters of the solid insulating medium and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the contact area are optimized to determine the final insulation optimization configuration.

[0112] In this embodiment, based on the real-time optimization and adjustment scheme of contact resistance, overall insulation reliability data is obtained from a dry vacuum environment. By comparing the data with a preset reliability threshold, it is determined whether the reliability is low, and a preliminary evaluation result is obtained.

[0113] If the preliminary assessment results show low reliability, the optimization results of the potential difference fluctuation between the windings and the pulse width modulation frequency of the drive signal are analyzed, and the peak value change is extracted from the fluctuation data to determine the level of partial discharge risk.

[0114] The partial discharge risk level is used to determine whether it is within a preset safe range, and the risk deviation index is obtained from the difference between the level and the safe range.

[0115] If the risk deviation index exceeds the preset safety range, the distribution parameters of the solid insulating medium and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the contact area are optimized. The adjusted medium configuration is obtained by adjusting the uniformity of the parameters.

[0116] Based on the adjusted dielectric configuration, combined with vacuum environment monitoring and inter-winding isolation properties, the final optimized insulation configuration is determined by integrating the isolation effect from the configuration.

[0117] In this invention, by conducting microscopic analysis of the conductivity of contacts under dry vacuum conditions, using microcrystalline structure analysis technology of contact materials and nanoscale roughness treatment method of contact surface, combined with a pre-constructed contact material database, a combination of contact materials suitable for high load current transmission is screened out, and a preliminary optimized contact material formulation scheme is obtained by using the resistivity change rate data of contact materials at high temperature.

[0118] Based on the preliminary optimized contact material formulation, the contact structure geometry parameter adjustment technology and the contact contact pressure distribution uniformity design method were adopted. Combined with the finite element simulation tool, the coupling effect of the contact and the vacuum interrupter electric field was modeled and analyzed to determine the improved contact structure parameter configuration suitable for the vacuum interrupter.

[0119] The contact structure parameters are collected, and an electric field distribution model between the contact and the vacuum interrupter is constructed based on the anti-oxidation coating formulation of the contact material and the thermal conductivity of the contact area. Using the electric field distribution model, the contact interface parameters between the contact and the solid insulating medium are adjusted to obtain the optimal potential distribution scheme.

[0120] Next, based on the optimized potential distribution scheme, and combined with the dynamic damping coefficient adjustment of the spring mechanism of the modular mechanical transmission system, positioning drive is performed;

[0121] Furthermore, the displacement data of the transmission system is collected in real time and calibrated against the output curve of the drive motor torque. Based on the calibration results, it is determined whether the cutting action has reached a preset threshold.

[0122] If the preset threshold is not reached, the friction force of the transmission chain is dynamically adjusted to compensate the algorithm parameters in real time, thereby obtaining stable action consistency data.

[0123] Based on the action consistency data, the multi-axis linkage error correction of the positioning system is integrated, and the response characteristics of the vacuum interrupter during rapid switching are utilized to jointly construct a dynamic monitoring model for load current transmission. Based on the dynamic monitoring model, the trend of contact resistance change is predicted, and a real-time optimization adjustment scheme for contact resistance is determined.

[0124] Finally, based on the real-time optimization and adjustment scheme, potential distribution scheme data, and thermal expansion deformation of the mechanical structure, a comprehensive insulation reliability assessment model under dry vacuum environment is jointly constructed.

[0125] The insulation reliability assessment model is used to analyze the potential difference fluctuation between windings and the optimization results of the drive signal pulse width modulation frequency to determine whether the risk of partial discharge is within the preset safety range.

[0126] If the safety range is exceeded, the distribution parameters of the solid insulating medium and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the contact area are adjusted to determine the final optimized insulation configuration.

[0127] Among them, the motion consistency data refers to the data collected / monitored on the motion consistency of the transmission system.

[0128] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A dry-type vacuum on-load tap changer with forward and reverse adjustment, characterized in that, include: The forward and reverse voltage regulation circuit module is used to adjust the voltage output by changing the connection method between the basic winding and the reverse winding of the transformer; The vacuum interrupter is electrically connected to the positive and negative voltage regulation circuit module. It is used to carry and switch the load current when performing voltage regulation operation and to extinguish the generated arc in a vacuum environment. The mechanical transmission module, mechanically coupled to the vacuum interrupter, is used to provide power to drive the contacts of the vacuum interrupter to perform opening and closing operations; A contact material database was constructed based on historically collected contact material data and surface roughness data. The conductivity of the contacts was analyzed, and contact material combinations suitable for high load current transmission were selected. The resistivity change rate data of the contact material combinations under high temperature environment was obtained, and a preliminary contact material formulation scheme was obtained. Based on the contact structure geometry parameters and the uniformity of contact pressure distribution, the electric field coupling effect between the contact and the vacuum interrupter is modeled and analyzed through a preliminary contact material formulation scheme, and the contact structure parameter configuration of the improved vacuum interrupter is determined. Based on the improved contact structure parameter configuration, contact material anti-oxidation coating formulation, and optimized contact contact area thermal conductivity coefficient, an electric field distribution model of the contact and vacuum interrupter is constructed. Based on the electric field distribution model, the contact interface parameters between the contact and the solid insulating medium are adjusted and optimized to obtain the optimal potential distribution scheme. Based on the optimal potential distribution scheme, a high-precision positioning drive control command is obtained; the drive control command is executed, and the displacement data of the transmission system is collected in real time. The results are then compared with the torque output curve of the drive motor to determine whether the cutting action has reached the preset accuracy threshold. If the preset threshold is not reached, the friction force of the transmission chain is dynamically adjusted, and its working parameters are compensated in real time to obtain action consistency data. By utilizing action consistency data, a dynamic monitoring model for load current transmission is constructed to predict the changing trend of contact resistance. Based on the prediction results, a real-time optimization adjustment scheme for contact resistance is determined.

2. The dry-type vacuum on-load tap changer as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The forward and reverse voltage regulation circuit module, vacuum interrupter, and mechanical transmission module are integrated in a fully dry-insulated housing and are used to enable the forward and reverse switching of transformer winding terminals under uninterrupted load current.

3. A dry-type vacuum on-load tap changer with forward and reverse adjustment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The vacuum interrupter extinguishes the arc when the current crosses zero, based on the insulation strength and arc-extinguishing capability of the vacuum medium; if the load current continues, the vacuum interrupter maintains the oil-free switching process. The timing sequence for complex current switching is determined based on the arc-extinguishing capability of the vacuum interrupter, and is used to perform forward and reverse adjustment operations.

4. A dry-type vacuum on-load tap changer with forward and reverse adjustment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The mechanical transmission module is a spring mechanism, which is a four-bar linkage spring energy storage mechanism that passes through the dead point.

5. A dry-type vacuum on-load tap changer with forward and reverse adjustment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The forward and reverse voltage regulation circuit module expands the voltage regulation range and reduces the number of taps by changing the connection between the reverse winding and the basic winding. The forward and reverse voltage regulation circuit module changes the polarity connection relationship through the reverse winding. The forward and reverse voltage regulation circuit module uses a solid insulating medium to insulate the reverse winding from the basic winding.

6. A dry-type vacuum on-load tap changer with forward and reverse adjustment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the real-time optimization and adjustment scheme of contact resistance, the overall insulation reliability under dry vacuum environment is evaluated. If the reliability is low, the optimization results of the potential difference fluctuation between windings and the pulse width modulation frequency of the drive signal are analyzed to determine whether the risk of partial discharge is within the preset safe range. If it is not within the safe range, the distribution parameters of the solid insulation medium and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the contact area are optimized to determine the final insulation optimization configuration.

Images