New energy supply system design method based on double electric layer effect

Abstract

The invention discloses a new energy supply system design method based on an electric double layer effect. Continuous power generation is achieved through the multi-mode power generation module on the basis of three water photovoltaic power generation modes based on the double-electric-layer effect, wherein a carbon black film is installed on a roof water collection tank or the surface of a river, and water evaporation is used for driving ion shearing to generate electric energy; the protein nanowire device is embedded into an eave drainage pipe or a river fall position, and electricity is generated through raindrop impact friction; the polyelectrolyte film is attached to a basement wall or river bank soil, and ion diffusion power generation is induced by means of humidity difference; according to the invention, a super-capacitor energy storage module and a priority power supply controller are further integrated. The system is based on the interface ion transport principle, has the advantages of light weight, high adaptability and the like, is particularly suitable for continuous power generation in rainy days, nights, high humidity and other environments where a traditional photovoltaic system cannot work normally, constructs all-weather power supply capacity, and can effectively reduce carbon emission while improving the energy utilization rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of new energy and building integration technology, specifically relating to a design method for a new energy supply system based on the double-layer effect. Background Technology

[0002] Current building new energy systems mainly rely on solar photovoltaic and wind power technologies. Although traditional solar photovoltaic and wind power technologies have been applied on a large scale, their intermittent defects are significant, and their reliability is limited: photovoltaic power generation is affected by day and night, seasons and weather fluctuations, with output sharply reduced at night and on cloudy and rainy days; wind power generation depends on the distribution of regional wind resources and seasonal changes, and there is a risk of precipitous shutdown during low wind speed periods.

[0003] Hydrovoltaic effect, as an emerging technology, can directly convert low-grade environmental energy such as evaporation energy, water droplet kinetic energy, and humidity gradients into electricity through the electric double layer (EDL) interaction at the nanomaterial-water interface, theoretically compensating for the intermittent nature of wind and solar power. While hydrovoltaic power generation shows potential as a replacement, it still faces key technological bottlenecks: evaporation power generation is significantly constrained by environmental humidity and is only applicable to open-air evaporation scenarios, with an energy density of only 0.5-2.5 W / m², making it difficult to meet continuous load demands; humidity-controlled power generation is limited by the response rate of nanowire arrays and is greatly affected by the environment, with power regulation delays reaching the second level, resulting in almost no output during rainless periods; while droplet power generation can achieve instantaneous power at the mW level (peak power density of 1.5 W / cm²), it is significantly affected by rainfall cycles. Furthermore, the challenge of coordinated control of multi-modal power generation systems has not yet been overcome, and differences in the output characteristics of different power generation units lead to frequent energy dispatch conflicts.

[0004] Therefore, it is particularly important to develop an integrated hydroelectric power supply system that incorporates multiple mechanisms and is environmentally adaptive. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the insufficient power supply of traditional power generation technologies during extreme weather conditions such as rainy days, this invention provides a design method for a new energy supply system based on the electric double-layer effect. The system designed in this invention utilizes a thin-film photovoltaic module based on the electric double-layer effect of the interface ion transport principle for hydrovoltaic power generation. It possesses advantages such as lightweight design and strong adaptability, and is particularly suitable for continuous power generation in environments where traditional photovoltaic systems cannot function properly, such as rainy days, nighttime, and high humidity, thus establishing all-weather power supply capability. This invention can improve energy utilization efficiency while effectively reducing carbon emissions. The specific technical solution of this invention is described below: A design method for a new energy supply system based on the electric double layer effect is disclosed. This system includes three types of power generation modules based on the electric double layer effect: evaporation-driven, water droplet kinetic energy-driven, and humidity gradient-driven, as well as an energy storage module and a load module. The specific steps are as follows: Step 1: The three types of power generation modules generate electricity in their respective locations through different installation methods; the evaporation-driven power generation module generates electricity by installing a carbon black film on a rooftop water collection tank or river surface and using water evaporation to drive ion shearing; the water droplet kinetic energy-driven power generation module embeds protein nanowire devices into rooftop drain pipes or river drop points and generates electricity through raindrop impact and friction; the humidity gradient-driven power generation module generates electricity by attaching a polyelectrolyte film BPF to basement walls or riverbank soil and using humidity differences to induce ion diffusion. Step 2: The three types of power generation modules, energy storage modules, and load modules are connected via a common DC bus and a bidirectional DC-DC converter through a physical direct connection to ensure the power supply stability of the power generation modules and the power safety of the load modules.

[0006] In this invention, in step one, the carbon black film in the evaporation-driven power generation module has a thickness between 60-80 μm, a hydrophilic contact angle of <30°, and the conductive terminals at both ends of the carbon black film are multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and the overall thickness of the material is uniform.

[0007] In this invention, in step one, in the water droplet kinetic energy driven power generation module, the electron donor of the microorganism in the protein nanowire device is acetate, the electron acceptor is fumarate, and the thin film device substrate of the protein nanowire is selected as gold or chromium electrode by vapor deposition.

[0008] In this invention, in step one, when assembling the thin film device with protein nanowires in the water droplet kinetic energy driven power generation module, the pH of the nanowire solution is between 1.5 and 2.5.

[0009] In this invention, in step one, in the humidity gradient driven power generation module, the mass fraction of the polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) solution covering the surface of the polyanionic poly(PSSA) layer is 35 wt%, the thickness of the PSSA layer is between 65-75 μm, and the thickness of the PDDA layer is between 25-35 μm.

[0010] In this invention, in step two, the energy storage module includes an energy storage unit and a bidirectional DC-DC converter. The energy storage unit adopts a capacitor-battery hybrid energy storage architecture. The energy storage unit and the bidirectional DC-DC converter (Boost / Buck) are connected through a common DC bus to realize a current convergence and distribution architecture, thereby achieving wide-range voltage regulation and intelligent charge and discharge management.

[0011] In this invention, in step two, the three types of power generation modules—evaporation-driven, water droplet kinetic energy-driven, and humidity gradient-driven—are connected to a common DC bus after being regulated and boosted by a unidirectional DC-DC converter. The high-voltage side of the bidirectional DC-DC converter is connected to the DC bus, and the low-voltage side is connected to the energy storage unit, thereby realizing intelligent charging and discharging management.

[0012] In this invention, in step two, the bidirectional DC-DC converter is directly connected to the energy storage unit in a single direction, ensuring unidirectional and controllable energy transfer between the energy storage unit and the system, and avoiding circulating currents or control conflicts caused by multi-path charging and discharging.

[0013] In this invention, in step two, the load module is based on the PID automatic control algorithm, and each functional area is configured with a corresponding load controller to support remote monitoring and parameter configuration, thereby realizing independent control and collaborative optimization in multiple scenarios. The output commands of the PID algorithm (such as the current / voltage output by the command converter) are within the safe operating range of the bidirectional DC-DC converter and the energy storage element.

[0014] In this invention, in step two, the load module includes one or more of the following: LED indicator, rainwater meter, sensor, and camera.

[0015] In this invention, the power generation module stabilizes and boosts the collected electrical energy through a unidirectional DC-DC converter before connecting it to a common DC bus and ultimately to the high-voltage side of a bidirectional DC-DC converter. The energy storage module is directly connected to the bidirectional DC-DC converter, ensuring unidirectional controllable energy transfer between the energy storage unit and the system, avoiding circulating currents or control conflicts caused by multi-path charging and discharging. The energy storage module is used to handle transient load demands, while the bidirectional DC-DC converter adjusts the power flow in real time according to bus voltage fluctuations, prioritizing the use of supercapacitors to respond to rapid power demands, achieving voltage conversion matching and intelligent dynamic energy scheduling and allocation. The battery provides continuous energy supply, enabling coordinated and optimized operation of the energy storage unit. A distributed load simulation system based on a PID algorithm covers areas such as rooftop water collection channels, eaves drain pipes, basement walls, and riverbank soil, supporting independent control and coordinated optimization across multiple scenarios. When the load module experiences sudden load changes, environmental anomalies, energy storage criticalities, or user intervention, dynamic optimization can be achieved through PID algorithms and deep learning predictions, allowing the system to flexibly adapt to specific requirements. This system, through the coordinated operation of physical direct connection and control algorithms, can uniformly collect and store the electrical energy generated by evaporation-driven power generation modules, water droplet kinetic energy-driven power generation modules, and humidity gradient-driven power generation modules under different environmental conditions. Relying on an environmentally adaptive complementary power supply network, this system is an intelligent power supply system that dynamically integrates multiple power generation technologies based on environmental parameters, achieving continuous, stable, and efficient power supply. The system design method can efficiently respond to instantaneous high-power demands and maintain stable operation over long periods, effectively suppressing voltage fluctuations, ensuring the electrical safety of precision loads, and possessing high reliability and power supply stability.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: In the system designed in this invention, the carbon black film used in the evaporation-driven power generation module is low-cost, environmentally versatile, and has outstanding continuous power generation capability; the protein nanowires used in the droplet kinetic energy-driven power generation module possess excellent biocompatibility, ultra-high sensitivity to extremely low humidity changes, and intrinsic flexibility; the polyelectrolyte film used in the humidity gradient-driven power generation module can capture and efficiently convert the instantaneous energy of discontinuous droplets (especially high-kinetic-energy raindrops), and its pulse output characteristics are also suitable for sensing. Through the coordinated control of the supercapacitor-battery hybrid energy storage structure and the bidirectional DC-DC converter, it can efficiently respond to instantaneous high-power demands and maintain stable operation for a long time, effectively suppressing voltage fluctuations, ensuring the power safety of precision loads, and possessing high reliability and power supply stability. Relying on an environmentally adaptive complementary power supply network, the system can intelligently coordinate and integrate the power generation of the three power generation modes—evaporation-driven, droplet kinetic energy-driven, and humidity gradient-driven—and combine deep learning prediction algorithms to maximize the capture and utilization of low-grade energy in the environment. Meanwhile, the system structure is modular and scalable. The power generation, energy storage and control modules adopt standardized interfaces and distributed layout, which facilitates capacity expansion and function adjustment according to actual application scenarios. This system is not only applicable to the scenarios proposed in this invention, but can also be extended to areas without power grids, power supply for IoT nodes and other renewable energy application scenarios.

[0017] The evaporation / humidity gradient / droplet kinetic energy power generation system designed in this invention, based on the double-layer effect, not only possesses a unique ability to capture environmental hydrological cycle energy, but also breaks through the dependence of traditional energy sources on open spaces. It can be flexibly deployed in non-typical energy spaces such as building facades, drainage pipes, and underground areas. Simultaneously, it continuously captures evaporation energy and humidity gradient energy to achieve basic power supply in all weather conditions (especially during periods of no light / no wind). Combined with the instantaneous response of raindrop impact energy (peak power density up to 1.5W / cm²), it can quickly fill power supply gaps. It also has millimeter-level response capability to micro-environmental fluctuations (humidity changes, droplet impact, capillary evaporation), providing an ideal power supply solution for distributed load components such as micro-area sensors and low-power devices around buildings.

[0018] In situations where traditional power generation technologies such as solar and wind power cannot provide electricity during cloudy, rainy, or windless weather, the three power generation modules in this invention system—evaporation-driven (carbon black film), water droplet kinetic energy-driven (protein nanowires), and humidity gradient-driven (polyelectrolyte film)—can independently supply power in their respective specific scenarios, and can also store the generated additional electrical energy through a supercapacitor energy storage module. When the common bus voltage is high (i.e., excessive power generation or low load), the bidirectional DC-DC converter in the system acts as a step-down converter, reducing the high voltage of the bus to a suitable voltage to charge the supercapacitor and battery. When the bus voltage is low (i.e., less power generation from the multi-mode power generation module or increased load), the bidirectional DC-DC converter in the system acts as a step-up converter, boosting the voltage of the energy storage unit to the bus voltage to power the entire system. Supercapacitor energy storage modules form a dynamically adjustable energy distribution mechanism, uniformly collecting and storing the electricity generated by these three power generation methods under different environments. Through an environmentally adaptive and complementary power supply network, continuous power generation is achieved, enabling efficient coordination and refined energy management under multi-source power supply. These characteristics allow new energy supply systems based on the double-layer effect to complement wind and photovoltaic power generation effectively. This effectively solves the problems of evaporative power generation modules failing to meet continuous load demands, humidity-based power generation being significantly affected by the environment, and droplet power generation being significantly affected by rainfall cycles. It also provides a solution to the challenges of coordinated control of multi-modal power generation systems. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 These are schematic diagrams related to the evaporation-driven power generation module, humidity gradient-driven power generation module, and water droplet kinetic energy-driven power generation module of this invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application scenario of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 It is the energy storage status, response curves of each load, and steady-state error diagram of the established campus power collaborative management simulation system. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will be further described below.

[0023] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this invention provides a design method for a new energy supply system based on the double-layer effect. The system includes a multi-modal power generation module (evaporation-driven, water droplet kinetic energy-driven, and humidity gradient-driven), an energy storage module, a load module, and other connection units. The design method specifically includes the following steps. Step 1: The multi-mode power generation modules generate electricity through their respective installation methods. The power generation principles involved mainly include... Figure 1The five types are shown. Evaporation-driven power generation modules generate electricity by installing carbon black films on rooftop water collection tanks or river surfaces, using water evaporation to drive ion shearing; water droplet kinetic energy-driven power generation modules embed protein nanowire devices into rooftop drain pipes or river drops, generating electricity through raindrop impact and friction; humidity gradient-driven power generation modules generate electricity by attaching polyelectrolyte films (BPF) to basement walls or riverbank soil, using humidity differences to induce ion diffusion.

[0024] Step Two: This invention includes both a capacitor-battery hybrid energy storage module and a load module. The energy storage module adopts a capacitor-battery hybrid energy storage architecture, achieving wide-range voltage regulation and intelligent charge / discharge management through a bidirectional DC-DC converter (Boost / Buck). The load module is based on a PID automatic control algorithm, with a dedicated load controller configured for each functional area, supporting remote monitoring and parameter configuration, and enabling independent control and collaborative optimization across multiple scenarios.

[0025] Furthermore, in the evaporation-driven power generation module of step one, the hydrophilic contact angle of the carbon black film is <30°.

[0026] Furthermore, in the evaporation-driven power generation module of step one, the thickness of the carbon black film is between 60-80 μm.

[0027] Furthermore, in the evaporation-driven power generation module of step one, the conductive terminals at both ends of the carbon black film are multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and the overall thickness of the material is uniform.

[0028] Furthermore, in the water droplet kinetic energy driven power generation module of step one, the microbial electron donor of the protein nanowire device is acetate, and the electron acceptor is fumarate.

[0029] Furthermore, in the water droplet kinetic energy driven power generation module of step one, when assembling the thin film device with protein nanowires, the pH of the nanowire solution is around 2.0.

[0030] Furthermore, in the water droplet kinetic energy driven power generation module of step one, the thin film device substrate of the protein nanowire is selected as a gold or chromium electrode deposited by vapor deposition.

[0031] Furthermore, in the humidity gradient driven power generation module of step one, the mass fraction of the polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) solution covering the surface of the polyanion layer (PSSA) is 35 wt%.

[0032] Furthermore, in the humidity gradient driven power generation module of step one, the thickness of the PSSA layer is between 65-75 μm, and the thickness of the PDDA layer is between 25-35 μm.

[0033] Furthermore, in step two, the three types of power generation modules—evaporation-driven, water droplet kinetic energy-driven, and humidity gradient-driven—are regulated and boosted by a unidirectional DC-DC converter before being connected to a common DC bus, and finally connected to the high-voltage side of a bidirectional DC-DC converter.

[0034] Furthermore, the energy storage module in step two adopts a capacitor-battery hybrid energy storage architecture and is connected to a bidirectional DC-DC converter (Boost / Buck) through a common DC bus to achieve a combination and distribution architecture.

[0035] Furthermore, in step two, the high-voltage side of the bidirectional DC-DC converter is connected to the DC bus, and the low-voltage side is connected to the energy storage unit (adopting a hybrid architecture of supercapacitor and battery) to realize intelligent charging and discharging management.

[0036] Furthermore, in step two, the bidirectional DC-DC converter is directly connected to the energy storage module, thereby ensuring unidirectional and controllable energy transmission between the energy storage unit and the system, and avoiding circulating currents or control conflicts caused by multi-path charging and discharging.

[0037] Furthermore, in step two, the load module must be based on the PID algorithm to construct the distributed load simulation system, and the output commands of the PID algorithm (such as the current / voltage output by the command converter) must be within the safe operating range of the bidirectional DC-DC converter and the energy storage element.

[0038] Furthermore, in step two, according to the usage requirements of the three types of power generation modules described above, they are installed in various areas respectively. The power generation module, energy storage module, and load module are connected via a common DC bus, bidirectional DC-DC converter, and other devices through direct physical connection. This system construction method can efficiently respond to instantaneous high-power demands and maintain stable operation over long periods, effectively suppressing voltage fluctuations, ensuring the electrical safety of precision loads, and possessing high reliability and power supply stability.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the power generation principles involved in the multi-mode power generation module of this invention are as follows: Pressure gradient: The pressure difference between the two sides of a liquid causes a change in the velocity of the liquid inside, which in turn accelerates the migration rate of ions inside the liquid and generates an electric current.

[0041] Dragging: The directional dragging motion inside the droplet disrupts the uniform distribution of charges within the system, causing positive and negative charges to accumulate at the front and rear ends of the movement direction, respectively, thus creating a potential difference (voltage V) at the two ends, which can generate current in an external circuit.

[0042] Gravity: As charged particles inside the droplet or at the interface with the inclined plane move with the droplet, due to friction or interface effects, charge separation or selective adsorption of charge separation occurs, resulting in the accumulation of charges of different properties at the front and rear ends of the droplet (or between the droplet and the inclined plane), forming a potential difference and thus generating electricity.

[0043] Temperature gradient: When there is a temperature difference, positive and negative ions migrate from the hot end to the cold end at different speeds. Since the mobility of different ions is also different, one type of charge will eventually accumulate at the cold end and the other type of charge will accumulate at the hot end, thus forming a potential difference.

[0044] Concentration gradient: Positive and negative ions have different migration rates. Ions that migrate faster will reach the low concentration region first, causing that region to accumulate one type of charge, while the high concentration region will accumulate the other type of charge, thus creating a potential difference.

[0045] The principles involved in each part of the multi-module power generation module are as follows: The carbon black thin film evaporation driven power generation module involves four power generation principles: drag, gravity, temperature gradient, and concentration gradient.

[0046] The protein nanowire droplet kinetic energy driven power generation module utilizes four power generation principles: pressure gradient, drag, gravity, and concentration gradient.

[0047] The polyelectrolyte film humidity gradient driven power generation module utilizes four power generation principles: pressure gradient, gravity, temperature gradient, and concentration gradient.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, the evaporation-driven power generation module generates electricity by installing a carbon black film on a rooftop water collection trough or river surface, utilizing water evaporation to drive ion shearing; this module can power low-power sensors or small LED indicators. The water droplet kinetic energy-driven power generation module embeds protein nanowire devices into roof drains or river drops, generating electricity through raindrop impact and friction; this module can power rain gauges or cameras. The humidity gradient-driven power generation module attaches a polyelectrolyte film (BPF) to basement walls or riverbank soil, generating electricity by inducing proton migration due to humidity differences; this module can supply auxiliary power for sensors, air sensors, and other devices for daily operation.

[0049] The three installed power generation modules undergo initial voltage regulation and boosting via a unidirectional DC-DC converter before being connected to a common DC bus and then to the high-voltage side of a bidirectional DC-DC converter. On the low-voltage side of the bidirectional DC-DC converter, a common DC bus connects it to an energy storage module employing a capacitor-battery hybrid energy storage architecture, thus achieving a current collection and distribution architecture. Furthermore, the bidirectional DC-DC converter and the energy storage module are uniquely and directly connected throughout the entire system, ensuring unidirectional and controllable energy transfer between the energy storage unit and the system, avoiding circulating currents or control conflicts caused by multi-path charging and discharging. Finally, the load module and the power generation module are connected in parallel to the high-voltage side of the bidirectional DC-DC converter via a common DC bus. This allows multiple distributed power generation units to independently supply power to the bus, while each load area can independently obtain the required power from the bus. This avoids the global paralysis caused by a single node failure in a series structure, greatly improving the system's reliability and scalability. The voltage generated by the power generation module in the system described in this invention can be directly supplied to the load module or used to charge the energy storage module via the bus. When the bus voltage is high (i.e., excessive power generation or low load), the bidirectional DC-DC converter in this system acts as a step-down converter, reducing the high-voltage electricity on the bus to a suitable voltage to charge the supercapacitor and battery. When the bus voltage is low (i.e., the multi-mode power generation module generates less electricity or the load increases), the bidirectional DC-DC converter acts as a step-up converter, boosting the voltage of the energy storage unit to the bus voltage to power the entire system. Simultaneously, continuous power generation can be achieved through an environmentally adaptive complementary power supply network, enabling efficient coordination and refined energy management under multi-source power supply.

[0050] This invention designs a new energy supply system based on the electric double-layer effect, such as... Figure 3As shown, the results were verified through application in a campus power collaborative management simulation system. In the evaporation-driven power generation module, the carbon black film material is hydrophilic with a hydrophilic contact angle of 25° and a thickness of 70 μm. The resulting carbon black film is a uniform material. In the droplet-driven power generation module, the electron donor for the protein nanowires is acetate, and the electron acceptor is fumarate. A chromium electrode is used as the substrate, and the pH of the nanowire solution is 2.0. In the humidity gradient-driven power generation module, the mass fraction of the polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) solution covering the surface of the polyanionic poly(PSSA) layer is 35 wt%. The PSSA layer thickness is 70 μm, and the PDDA layer thickness is 30 μm. The three power generation modules were deployed in various areas of the campus. The evaporation-driven module was installed on the dormitory roof and the surface of the school pond; the droplet-driven module was embedded in the drainage pipes of the teaching building eaves and at the drop-off point of the campus pond; and the humidity gradient-driven module had a polyelectrolyte film (BPF) attached to the walls of the underground parking garage or the soil beside the pond. The system collects green energy in real time and continuously monitors environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and liquid droplets. The collected environmental and power consumption data are transmitted to a central processing system. An optimized deep neural network model (containing three hidden layers and a structure of 128-64 neurons) performs load prediction, generating voltage prediction values ​​reflecting future demand. This serves as the core basis for dynamically adjusting energy strategies. Simultaneously, a power system simulation model built on Simulink (comprising three modules: power generation, energy storage, and load) performs refined control based on the prediction results. The power generation module optimizes the multi-source power supply ratio, while the energy storage module intelligently manages the mixed charging and discharging of supercapacitors and batteries through a bidirectional DC-DC converter (capacitors handle transient loads, batteries support continuous loads, and the SOC is strictly controlled within a safe range of 20%-95%). The load module adopts a distributed intelligent load architecture to simulate typical campus power consumption scenarios. Based on a PID automatic control algorithm, each functional area is equipped with a dedicated load controller. Remote monitoring and parameter configuration are supported, and a load simulation system encompassing functional areas such as teaching buildings, dormitories, and canteens has been constructed, enabling independent control and collaborative optimization across multiple scenarios.

[0051] In the campus power collaborative management simulation system, by inputting different environmental parameters, the power generation of each power generation mode and the total power generation of the system under the current environmental conditions can be simulated. Taking the simulated environment of 100 days from January to March 2024 as an example, the temperature range is set to 2.7℃~18.3℃, the humidity range is 65.4%RH~80.5%RH, the number of droplets is 41935~86667, and the droplet velocity is 0.1m / s~5.6m / s. With three power generation modules (each module area ratio of 1m²~3m²), the simulation system calculates the power generation of each module as follows: evaporation power generation module 0.455V, humidity power generation module 0.2239V, and droplet power generation module 1.852V. The current main power generation mode can be identified as droplet power generation in the system energy storage module interface. The interface of the campus power collaborative management simulation system not only displays the current power generation, main power generation mode, and control mode, but also integrates environmental monitoring and prediction data such as temperature and humidity. The power generation efficiency section presents the power generation distribution of each month and mode through dynamic bar charts, while pie charts visually display the electricity consumption ratio of each region. The energy storage monitoring area updates the SOC status of batteries and supercapacitors in real time. Therefore, this campus power collaborative management simulation system is sufficient to verify the authenticity and reliability of the new energy supply system design method based on the double-layer effect involved in this invention.

[0052] In summary, the evaporation / humidity gradient / droplet kinetic energy power generation technology based on the double-layer effect of this invention not only possesses a unique ability to capture environmental hydrological cycle energy, but also breaks through the dependence of traditional energy on open spaces, allowing for flexible deployment in non-typical energy spaces such as building facades, drainage pipes, and underground areas. Simultaneously, it can continuously capture evaporation energy and humidity gradient energy, achieving basic power supply around the clock (especially during periods of no light / no wind), and combined with the instantaneous response to raindrop impact energy (peak power density up to 1.5W / cm²) to quickly fill power supply gaps. Furthermore, it possesses millimeter-level response capabilities to micro-environmental fluctuations (humidity changes, droplet impact, capillary evaporation), providing an ideal power supply solution for distributed load components such as micro-area sensors and low-power devices around buildings. Furthermore, the carbon black film used in evaporative power generation is low-cost, environmentally adaptable, and boasts outstanding continuous power generation capabilities. Protein nanowires possess excellent biocompatibility, ultra-high sensitivity to extremely low humidity changes, and intrinsic flexibility. Polyelectrolyte films can capture and efficiently convert the instantaneous energy of discontinuous droplets (especially high-kinetic-energy raindrops), and their pulsed output characteristics are also suitable for sensing. Finally, a hybrid energy storage model using capacitors and batteries is established to form a dynamically adjustable energy distribution mechanism. This allows for the unified collection and storage of electricity generated by these three power generation methods under different environments. Continuous power generation is achieved through an environmentally adaptive complementary power supply network, realizing efficient synergy and refined energy management under multi-source power supply. These characteristics enable the new energy supply system based on the double-layer effect to complement wind and photovoltaic power generation effectively. This invention effectively solves the problems of evaporative power generation modules failing to meet continuous load requirements, humidity-based power generation being significantly affected by the environment, and droplet power generation being significantly affected by rainfall cycles. It also provides a solution to the challenges of coordinated control of multi-modal power generation systems.

Claims

1. A design method of a new energy supply system based on the double electric layer effect, characterized by, The new energy supply system includes three kinds of power generation modules based on double electric layer effect, namely evaporation driven type, water drop kinetic energy driven type and humidity gradient driven type, as well as energy storage module and load module; the specific steps are as follows: Step one: the three kinds of power generation modules generate electricity in corresponding places through different installation forms; the evaporation driven type power generation module installs carbon black film on the roof water collecting tank or river surface, uses water evaporation to drive ion shearing to generate electricity, the water drop kinetic energy driven type power generation module embeds protein nanowire device in eave drain pipe or river drop place, generates electricity through raindrop impact friction, and the humidity gradient driven power generation module pastes polyelectrolyte film BPF on basement wall or riverbank soil, generates electricity by means of humidity difference induced ion diffusion; Step two: the three kinds of power generation modules, energy storage module and load module are connected through common DC bus and bidirectional DC-DC converter by physical direct connection, so as to realize power supply stability of power generation module and power utilization safety of load module.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: In step one, in the evaporation driven type power generation module, the thickness of carbon black film is between 60-80 μm, the hydrophilic contact angle of carbon black film is less than 30°, and the conductive terminal at both ends of carbon black film is multi-walled carbon nanotube, and the overall thickness of the material is uniform.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: In step one, in the water drop kinetic energy driven type power generation module, the electron donor of microorganism of protein nanowire device is acetate, and the electron acceptor is fumarate, and the film device substrate of protein nanowire is selected to be gold or chromium electrode.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: In step one, in the water drop kinetic energy driven type power generation module, when the protein nanowire assembly film device is assembled, the pH of nanowire solution is between 1.5-2.

5.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: In step one, in the humidity gradient driven power generation module, the mass fraction of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride PDDA solution covered on the surface of polyanion layer PSSA is 35 wt%, the thickness of PSSA layer is between 65-75 μm, and the thickness of PDDA layer is between 25-35 μm.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is characterized by: In step two, the energy storage module includes energy storage unit and bidirectional DC-DC converter, the energy storage unit adopts capacitor-battery hybrid energy storage architecture, and the energy storage unit and bidirectional DC-DC converter are connected through a common DC bus to realize the architecture of current collection and distribution.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method is characterized by: In step two, the three kinds of power generation modules are connected into common DC bus through unidirectional DC-DC converter for voltage stabilization and voltage increase, the high-voltage side of bidirectional DC-DC converter is connected with DC bus, and the low-voltage side is connected with energy storage unit, so as to realize intelligent charging and discharging management.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the method is characterized by: In step two, the bidirectional DC-DC converter is only connected with energy storage unit, so as to ensure one-way controllable transmission of energy between energy storage unit and system, and avoid ring current or control conflict caused by multi-path charging and discharging.

9. The method of designing a new energy supply system based on the electric double layer effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the load module is based on PID automatic control algorithm, each functional area is configured with corresponding load controller, remote monitoring and parameter configuration are supported, and independent control and collaborative optimization of multiple scenes are realized.

10. The method of designing a new energy supply system based on the electric double layer effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the load module includes one or more of LED indicator, rainwater meter, sensor and camera.

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