A cone-shaped plate rolling device for radome production

Abstract

This invention discloses a conical plate rolling device for radome production, specifically relating to the field of rolling processing technology. It includes a conical plate rolling machine, auxiliary support and follow-up equipment, and a support assembly. The conical plate rolling machine comprises two sets of lower conical rollers and one set of upper conical rollers. Two sets of support frames are respectively positioned corresponding to the two ends of the workpiece plate. A workpiece holder is installed inside each support frame, and a double-frame connector is also installed on the support frame. A local resistance-increasing component is installed on the upper conical roller, with the hardness of the component being lower than that of the workpiece plate. In the actual rolling process, this invention can prevent the workpiece plate, which has detached from the upper conical roller, from experiencing tilting torque, thereby avoiding uneven pressure at the contact point between the workpiece plate and the upper conical roller. It also avoids deformation caused by the workpiece plate sagging due to its own weight after being rolled into a circle due to its large diameter. This effectively improves the processing efficiency of the radome support conical structure, reduces finishing processes, and improves product quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rolling processing technology, and more specifically, to a conical rolling plate device for radome production. Background Technology

[0002] Rolling, also known as sheet metal rolling or plate rolling, is a machining process that mechanically bends and rolls sheet metal (or other plastic sheets) into circular, arc-shaped, or spiral workpieces. Its basic principle is "three-point bending," and the equipment is typically equipped with three or four rollers arranged in a specific geometry. When the sheet metal is fed between these rollers, it undergoes continuous plastic bending under the pressure applied by the rollers. By adjusting the relative positions of the rollers, the radius of curvature can be controlled, ultimately resulting in a uniform arc along the entire length of the sheet metal, until it is closed into a complete cylinder or a component with the desired arc.

[0003] For some cylindrical parts with a certain taper, a conical plate rolling machine (also known as a cone plate rolling machine or cone rolling machine) is often used. It is a special forming equipment used to roll metal sheets into conical, truncated conical, or variable diameter cylinders. It mainly consists of three conical rollers. By adjusting the height and tilt angle of the upper roller, and with the extrusion of the lower rollers on both sides, the plate can form the required taper during the rolling process.

[0004] In actual production, some parts with large diameters and small conical heights (i.e., the actual height of the formed cylinder is small, and the whole is ring-shaped) such as the partial support structure of medium and large radar domes require high precision and high performance of the materials themselves. Their overall diameter is large and the height of the formed cylinder is not high. During the rolling and rounding process of the workpiece, a large part protrudes from the conical roller, which is prone to tilting. In addition, due to the large diameter of the workpiece, the influence of gravity is greater, which can easily cause excessive compression between the edge of the workpiece and the conical roller. Especially in the repeated compression process in the rounding step, the above-mentioned tilting effect is greatest after the workpiece is formed into a cylinder, which can easily affect the edge forming quality of the workpiece, increase the trimming process, and reduce production efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a conical rolling plate device for radar dome production, which aims to solve the following problem: In the existing medium and large workpieces, during the rolling and rounding process, a large portion of the workpiece extends out of the conical roller, which is prone to tilting. This leads to a greater impact from gravity, which can cause excessive compression between the edge of the workpiece and the conical roller, affecting the edge forming quality of the workpiece.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a conical plate rolling device for radar dome production, comprising a conical plate rolling machine, an auxiliary support follow-up device, and a support assembly. The conical plate rolling machine includes two sets of lower conical rollers and one set of upper conical rollers. The upper conical rollers are rotatably mounted on a lifting seat. The support assembly includes two sets of support frames, which are respectively set at the two ends of the workpiece plate.

[0007] The support frame is equipped with a workpiece holder inside, which is used to clamp and fix the workpiece plate. The support frame is also equipped with a double frame connector, which is used to connect and fix two sets of support frames, and the double frame connector has the ability to adjust the distance between the two sets of support frames.

[0008] The support frame is supported by an auxiliary support follow-up device, which provides an upward support force to the support frame;

[0009] The upper conical roller is equipped with a local resistance-increasing component, which includes a resistance-increasing belt. The lifting seat is equipped with multiple sets of support pulleys. The upper conical roller is equipped with an annular groove. The resistance-increasing belt is wound around the support pulleys and passes through the bottom of the annular groove of the upper conical roller. The movement speed of the resistance-increasing belt is matched with the rotation speed of the upper conical roller.

[0010] Preferably, two sets of lower conical rollers are rotatably mounted on the frame, and the lifting seat is slidably mounted in the frame. The frame is also equipped with a heater, which is located in the area below the upper conical rollers. The auxiliary support and follow-up equipment includes a boom, on which a pull rope is provided. One end of the pull rope is connected to a puller, and the other end of the pull rope is connected to a support frame. The boom has the ability to move. The puller is a counterweight. The boom is mounted on a movable frame, and the movable frame is equipped with wheels.

[0011] Preferably, the double-frame connector includes a double-ended threaded rod, and threaded sleeves are fixedly connected to corresponding positions on both sets of support frames. The two ends of the double-ended threaded rod are provided with threads of opposite directions, and the two ends of the double-ended threaded rod are respectively threaded into the threaded sleeves on the two sets of support frames.

[0012] Preferably, the workpiece holder includes a set stud, and set studs are provided on both sides of the support frame. The set studs are threadedly connected to the support frame. A pressure head is provided at one end of the set stud corresponding to the workpiece plate. The hardness of the pressure head is lower than that of the workpiece plate.

[0013] Preferably, a support roller is rotatably mounted at the bottom of the inner cavity of the support frame. The support roller is used to roll contact with the edge of the workpiece plate. A sliding column is slidably mounted inside the end of the workpiece plate corresponding to the set screw. A ball bearing is rolled inside the end of the sliding column corresponding to the workpiece plate. An elastic element is provided between the sliding column and the set screw. The elastic element is used to provide a squeezing force to the sliding column to move closer to the workpiece plate.

[0014] Preferably, the bottom of the support frame is provided with an air blowing channel, which is connected to the inner cavity of the support frame. The air blowing channel is connected to a low-temperature gas supply device through a pipe. A brush curtain is provided at the top of the inner cavity of the support frame and at one end near the end of the workpiece plate. The brush curtain is composed of brush bristles.

[0015] Preferably, the local resistance-increasing component further includes a resistance-increasing block, wherein two sets of support pulleys are located on both sides of the upper conical roller, the two sets of support pulleys have an elastic force to move towards the workpiece plate, at least one of the multiple sets of support pulleys is driven to rotate by a motor, the resistance-increasing belt is provided with multiple sets of adsorption holes, and the local resistance-increasing component further includes a vacuuming component for evacuating the adsorption holes.

[0016] Preferably, the vacuum assembly further includes a vacuum docking cover, which is fixedly mounted on the lifting base and rotatably sleeved on the rotating shaft of the upper conical roller. The vacuum docking cover has an inner annular cavity. The vacuum docking cover is connected to a vacuum pump via a pipe. Multiple sets of resistance-increasing blocks are provided, all located within the annular groove area of ​​the upper conical roller. The resistance-increasing blocks are slidably mounted within the upper conical roller, and an elastic element is provided between the resistance-increasing blocks and the upper conical roller to provide an outward elastic force for the resistance-increasing blocks. An air extraction channel is provided inside the upper conical roller, extending to the rotating shaft of the upper conical roller. A connecting hole is formed at the position corresponding to the inner ring cavity. A pressure-contact sealing valve structure is set in the area corresponding to the suction channel and the resistance-increasing block. The pressure-contact sealing valve structure is used to block the suction channel. A pressure head is set at the position of the resistance-increasing block corresponding to the pressure-contact sealing valve structure. The resistance-increasing block and the pressure head are provided with docking channels corresponding to the adsorption holes. When the resistance-increasing block and the resistance-increasing belt come into contact and are squeezed, the pressure head moves toward the suction channel, opens the pressure-contact sealing valve structure, and inserts into the suction channel, so that the suction channel and the adsorption hole are connected. A one-way valve structure is set in the adsorption hole.

[0017] Preferably, the pressure-contact sealing valve structure includes two wedge-shaped sealing blocks slidably installed inside the upper conical roller, and the two wedge-shaped sealing blocks are located at the port of the suction channel corresponding to the resistance-increasing block. The two wedge-shaped sealing blocks have an elastic force that brings them close to each other and forms a blockage on the suction channel. The area of ​​the two wedge-shaped sealing blocks corresponding to the pressure head is set as an inclined structure. The one-way valve structure is an elastic sealing plate, which covers the adsorption hole, and one end of the elastic sealing plate is fixedly connected to the resistance-increasing belt.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0019] 1. This invention uses an auxiliary support follow-up device in conjunction with a support frame to provide auxiliary support for the workpiece plate. During the actual rolling process, it can prevent the workpiece plate, which has already detached from the upper conical roller, from generating tilting torque, thereby avoiding uneven pressure on the contact part between the workpiece plate and the upper conical roller. At the same time, it can also prevent deformation caused by the large diameter of the workpiece plate after it is rolled into a circle due to its own weight. This effectively improves the processing efficiency of the radar dome support cone structure, reduces the finishing process, and improves product quality.

[0020] 2. This invention blows low-temperature gas into the inner cavity of the support frame through the airflow channel, thereby cooling a portion of the workpiece plate structure. This causes a certain amount of shrinkage in this area of ​​the workpiece plate, which counteracts the thermal expansion deformation caused by the heater heating the workpiece plate and reduces the compressive stress when the two end faces of the workpiece plate are in contact during welding. In addition, during the rounding process after the workpiece plate welding is completed, when the welding position enters the support frame, the welding area can also be rapidly cooled, thereby improving the welding quality. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is the left view of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the state of the workpiece plate during welding after it has been initially rolled into a circle according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the support frame of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the improved support component according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged view of the A-section structure;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support component after further improvement according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a front view of the support frame after further improvements to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 9 This is a top view of the internal structure of the support frame after further improvements according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention after adding a resistance-increasing block to the upper conical roller;

[0031] Figure 11This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the local resistance-increasing blocks on the upper conical roller according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the improved local resistance-increasing component of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 13 For the present invention Figure 12 Enlarged view of the structure of section B;

[0034] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the air intake state formed during the process of the resistance-increasing block disengaging from the resistance-increasing belt of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the air extraction docking cover of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention after adding a drive pressure roller inside the support frame.

[0037] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1. Conical plate rolling machine; 11. Lower conical roller; 12. Upper conical roller; 121. Air extraction channel; 122. Pressure-contact sealing valve structure; 1221. Wedge-shaped sealing block; 13. Frame; 14. Lifting seat; 15. Local resistance-increasing component; 151. Resistance-increasing block; 1511. Docking channel; 152. Resistance-increasing belt; 1521. Adsorption hole; 153. Support pulley; 154. Contact head; 155. One-way valve structure; 1551. Elastic sealing plate; 16. Air extraction docking cover; 161. Inner ring. 1. Cavity; 2. Auxiliary support follow-up equipment; 21. Boom; 22. Moving frame; 23. Pull rope; 24. Puller; 3. Heater; 4. Support assembly; 41. Support frame; 411. Airflow channel; 42. Workpiece holder; 421. Set stud; 422. Pressure head; 423. Sliding column; 424. Ball bearing; 43. Double frame connector; 431. Threaded sleeve; 432. Double-ended threaded rod; 433. Guide rope; 44. Support roller; 45. Brush curtain; 46. Drive pressure roller; 5. Workpiece plate. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the following specific embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0039] Refer to the instruction manual appendix Figure 1 and Figure 2A conical plate rolling device for radar dome production includes a conical plate rolling machine 1, an auxiliary support follow-up device 2, and a support assembly 4. The conical plate rolling machine 1 includes two sets of lower conical rollers 11 and one set of upper conical rollers 12. The two sets of lower conical rollers 11 are directly mounted on the frame 13 at a preset angle, tilted and rotatably. The upper conical rollers 12 are rotatably mounted on a lifting seat 14, which is slidably mounted in the frame 13 and driven by a lifting driver (e.g., a hydraulic cylinder) to achieve lifting movement. In actual processing, one end of the workpiece plate 5 (initially processed into an arc-shaped plate structure) is inserted into the space between the upper conical rollers 12 and the lower conical rollers 11, and then the upper conical rollers 12 and 12 are adjusted. The angle between the upper and lower conical rollers 12 and 11 is controlled, and the lifting seat 14 is pressed down so that the upper conical roller 12 applies pressure to the workpiece plate 5. At the same time, the upper conical roller 12 and the lower conical roller 11 are driven to rotate, which can form a bending of the workpiece plate 5, so that it gradually forms a conical cylinder structure. After the workpiece plate 5 is rounded (i.e., initially rolled into a circle, the workpiece plate 5 basically forms a cylinder structure), the two ends of the workpiece plate 5 are joined together. At this time, the workpiece plate 5 can be welded to form a complete cylinder structure. Then, the upper conical roller 12 and the lower conical roller 11 are controlled to rotate, and the rounded workpiece plate 5 is rounded (i.e., repeatedly rolled to fully deform the workpiece plate 5 and eliminate the phenomenon of uneven deformation and stress concentration).

[0040] It should be noted that the structure of the conical plate rolling machine 1 is not significantly different from that of the three-roll conical plate rolling machine with transmission. Its main structure and settings are basically the same, and the setting and adjustment of the lower conical roller 11 and the upper conical roller 12 are also conventional technologies. Therefore, this embodiment will not introduce the conical plate rolling machine 1 in detail.

[0041] In this embodiment, the supporting component 4 includes a support frame 41, which is mainly a U-shaped frame structure. The inside of the support frame 41 is used to place the end of the workpiece plate 5 before it is rounded. Two sets of support frames 41 are provided, corresponding to the two ends of the workpiece plate 5 before it is rounded. A workpiece retainer 42 is provided inside the support frame 41. The workpiece retainer 42 is used to clamp and fix the part of the workpiece plate 5 placed inside the support frame 41, thereby fixing the support frame 41 and the end of the workpiece plate 5 relative to each other. At the same time, each set of support frames 41 is equipped with at least one set of auxiliary support follow-up device 2. The auxiliary support follow-up device 2 is used to support the support frame 41, so that during the rolling process, the support frame 41 moves with the movement of the end of the workpiece plate 5, and at the same time provides a corresponding upward support force to the support frame 41. This support force does not need to be too large to avoid upward stretching of the already bent part of the workpiece plate 5. The supporting force is less than half the weight of the workpiece plate 5 after it is fully rounded. That is, during the rolling process, the above-mentioned supporting force will not cause the already bent part of the workpiece plate 5 to form additional deformation. This ensures that the support frame 41 can provide an auxiliary support for the workpiece plate 5, so as to offset the relative torque caused by gravity on the bent and tilted part of the workpiece plate 5 without causing additional damage to the workpiece plate 5. The auxiliary support follow-up device 2, together with the support frame 41, provides auxiliary support for the workpiece plate 5. During the actual rolling process, it can prevent the workpiece plate 5 that has separated from the upper conical roller 12 from generating tilting torque, thereby avoiding uneven pressure on the contact part between the workpiece plate 5 and the upper conical roller 12. At the same time, it can also avoid deformation caused by the large diameter of the workpiece plate 5 after it is rounded due to its own weight. This effectively improves the processing efficiency of the radar dome support cone structure, reduces the finishing process, and improves product quality.

[0042] Specifically, the auxiliary support follow-up device 2 includes a boom 21, on which a pull rope 23 is installed. One end of the pull rope 23 is connected to a puller 24, and the other end is connected to a support frame 41. The boom 21 has the ability to move. The pull rope 23 is preferably connected to the support frame 41 using a structure such as a lifting ring. If necessary, multiple sets of lifting ring structures can be set simultaneously to ensure that the support frame 41 can automatically adapt to changes in position and tilt angle during the rolling and moving of the workpiece plate 5. The puller 24 can be a structure such as a winch, and corresponding sensors are set at the connection between the pull rope 23 and the support frame 41 to constantly judge the tension of the pull rope 23 and adjust the winch as needed to adjust the final support force of the support frame 41 on the end of the workpiece plate 5. However, this solution is costly. Therefore, the puller 24 can also use a counterweight. The boom 21 is equipped with corresponding lifting rings or pulleys, allowing the pull rope 23 to move relative to it. The pull rope 23, through the counterweight, forms a pulling force on the support frame 41, thereby creating a supporting force for the workpiece plate 5. As the position of the end of the workpiece plate 5 changes, the counterweight can also be pulled in the opposite direction to produce a rise and fall, thus ensuring that the above-mentioned supporting force is constant and effectively supporting the workpiece plate 5. For the movement of the boom 21, a movable frame 22 can be equipped to support the boom 21. The movable frame 22 is equipped with wheels to better adapt to the position changes of the support frame 41 during the rolling process. Alternatively, the movable frame 22 can be fixed, and a telescopic boom 21 can be selected, with the required rotational connection method, so that the boom 21 is rotatably connected to the movable frame 22, ensuring that the end of the boom 21 can produce corresponding displacement changes to better adapt to the position of the support frame 41.

[0043] In the initial rolling and forming of the workpiece plate 5, one end of the workpiece plate 5 is first placed into the area between the lower conical roller 11 and the upper conical roller 12. The lifting seat 14 is controlled to press down, and the upper conical roller 12 is controlled to rotate back and forth slightly to bend and form the area near that end of the workpiece plate 5. Then, the end is controlled to move out of the area between the upper conical roller 12 and the lower conical roller 11, and one set of support brackets 41 is connected to that end of the workpiece plate 5. Then, the lifting seat 14 is controlled to rise to a position where it only contacts the workpiece plate 5 without applying deformation pressure. The workpiece plate 5 is moved horizontally by the rotation of the lower conical roller 11 and the upper conical roller 12, so that the other end of the workpiece plate 5 reaches between the lower conical roller 11 and the upper conical roller 12. The lifting seat 14 is lowered again, and the upper conical roller 12 is rotated back and forth slightly to bend and form the area near this end of the workpiece plate 5. Then the lifting seat 14 is raised again to drive the workpiece plate 5 to move so that the other end is away from the area between the upper conical roller 12 and the lower conical roller 11, and the other set of supporting components 4 is connected to the other end of the workpiece plate 5.

[0044] It should be noted that the above-mentioned preliminary rolling forming steps are basically the same as the conventional conical rolling operation steps. Both involve first bending and deforming the two ends, and then bending the other areas of the workpiece plate 5 multiple times and gradually to gradually bend the workpiece plate 5 into a cylindrical structure. This avoids excessive extrusion at one time, which could damage the material. When the two ends of the workpiece plate 5 are initially bent, the portion that has been bent and separated from the upper conical roller 12 is not large, so there is no problem of significant tilting. Therefore, when the ends of the workpiece plate 5 are initially bent, no auxiliary support is required. After the two ends of the workpiece plate 5 have been bent, it is sufficient to connect the two sets of support brackets 41. There is no need to consider the impact of installing the support brackets 41 on the workpiece plate 5 passing through the area between the lower conical roller 11 and the upper conical roller 12.

[0045] Furthermore, the radar dome support cone structure to be produced by this invention is intended to provide support. Therefore, the workpiece plate 5 itself has a certain strength. However, due to the large diameter of the cylinder formed after the workpiece plate 5 is formed, a large torsional force is generated on the workpiece plate 5 at the upper cone roller 12 under the action of tilted gravity. Therefore, the auxiliary support follow-up device 2 and the support component 4 provided by this invention are used to provide an upward support force during the forming process of the workpiece plate 5 to reduce the aforementioned torsional force. Therefore, the auxiliary support follow-up device 2 adopts a simple hoisting device, which is only a simple solution of this application. This solution has a relatively low cost. Since the workpiece plate 5 itself has a certain strength, after solving the unbalanced force caused by the aforementioned torsional force, the workpiece plate 5 has a certain self-supporting ability. With the support of the support component 4 by the auxiliary support follow-up device 2 and the support of the support component 4 on the workpiece plate 5, plus the self-strength of the workpiece plate 5 after it is shaped, the workpiece plate 5 itself can move relatively stably. Even if swaying occurs, it is within the elastic deformation range of the workpiece plate 5 itself and will not have a significant impact on the workpiece.

[0046] For other non-radome-supported conical products with higher requirements and thinner thickness, multiple sets of multi-directional traction ropes 23 can be set up, combined with automated control traction devices 24 (such as the cooperation of winches and tension sensors), to achieve stable fixation and motion coordination of the support component 4 through multi-directional traction, so as to ensure the stable movement of the workpiece plate 5 without any shaking, thereby further improving the auxiliary support effect. If necessary, a robotic arm-like structure can also be used to automatically control the support component 4 in multiple directions and angles in three-dimensional space, so as to further adapt to higher precision, thinner and larger, and more batch conical and conical ring-shaped workpieces.

[0047] Furthermore, due to the large diameter of the aforementioned radar dome support cone structure, the corresponding lower cone roller 11 and upper cone roller 12 have a low fit tightness, meaning the actual downward pressure of the upper cone roller 12 is not large. This is to avoid excessive compression, which would reduce the diameter of the final rounded workpiece plate 5. Therefore, the actual compression degree of the workpiece plate 5 is not high, and its deformation easily includes a large amount of elastic deformation. In other words, after bending, the springback of the workpiece plate 5 is large. To improve the forming effect, refer to the appendix of the instruction manual. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The frame 13 is also equipped with a heater 3 (such as a flame heater or other type of heating device, but not to affect the rolling process). The heater 3 is set in the area below the upper conical roller 12. In the actual rolling process, the workpiece plate 5 can be appropriately heated by the heater 3, for example, heated to 150℃ ~ 250℃, thereby improving the material plasticity, reducing the yield strength, reducing springback, relieving residual stress, and preventing cold work hardening cracks (especially for high-strength steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc.).

[0048] However, during the actual rolling process, the temperature of the workpiece plate 5 will rise, causing it to expand along its length. Consequently, after the workpiece plate 5 is fully rolled, without external force, the two ends of the workpiece plate 5 tend to overlap rather than contact the end faces, affecting welding and fixing. Therefore, based on the premise of using the support component 4 to provide auxiliary support for the workpiece plate 5 in this embodiment, this embodiment also provides the following solution, specifically referring to the appendix to the instruction manual. Figure 1 and Figure 3 The support frame 41 is also equipped with a double-frame connector 43, which is used to connect and fix the two sets of support frames 41 together. The double-frame connector 43 also has the ability to adjust the distance between the two sets of support frames 41. For details, please refer to the appendix of the instruction manual. Figure 2 and Figure 3 The double-frame connector 43 includes a double-ended threaded rod 432. Threaded sleeves 431 are fixedly connected to corresponding positions on both sets of support frames 41. The two ends of the double-ended threaded rod 432 are provided with threads of opposite directions. The two ends of the double-ended threaded rod 432 are threadedly engaged with the threaded sleeves 431 on the two sets of support frames 41, respectively.

[0049] Specifically, before the workpiece plate 5 is fully round, the two sets of support brackets 41 operate independently. After the workpiece plate 5 is fully round, the two ends of the double-ended threaded rod 432 are respectively inserted into the two corresponding threaded sleeves 431, thus forming a fixed connection between the two sets of support brackets 41. At the same time, the two sets of support brackets 41 expand the unwelded cylindrical structure formed by the workpiece plate 5, thereby making the end faces of the two ends of the workpiece plate 5 form a stable contact. At this time, the two ends of the workpiece plate 5 can be welded. During the welding process, the two sets of support components 4 can form effective support, which can prevent the workpiece from being welded. The ends of the plates 5 are pressed together to compress the molten pool during welding, thereby improving the welding quality of the workpiece plate 5 and ensuring the stability of the welding process. The number and position of the double-frame docking devices 43 can be selected according to the actual situation. If necessary, guide slides can be set to improve docking stability. The two ends of the double-headed threaded rod 432 can also be connected to the threading ropes 433. During docking, the two threading ropes 433 are first passed through the corresponding two threaded sleeves 431. Stretching the threading ropes 433 makes it easier for the double-headed threaded rod 432 to dock with the threaded sleeves 431.

[0050] In the above embodiments, please refer to the appendix to the specification. Figure 4 The workpiece holder 42 can be selected as a set stud 421, that is, the workpiece holder 42 includes a set stud 421. Set studs 421 are provided on both sides of the support frame 41. The set studs 421 are threadedly connected to the support frame 41. A pressure head 422 is provided at one end of the set stud 421 corresponding to the workpiece plate 5. The pressure head 422 can be made of rubber, plastic or other materials with a hardness lower than that of the workpiece plate 5. While ensuring that rotating the set stud 421 can squeeze and fix the workpiece plate 5, it will not damage the workpiece plate 5. However, considering that the support frame 41 is close to the welding position, the pressure head 422 is preferably made of high temperature resistant rubber or high temperature resistant plastic.

[0051] Referring to the foregoing description, in the scheme using the set screw 421, the operation is mainly manual. The support bracket 41 is fixed to the workpiece plate 5. That is, after bending both ends of the workpiece plate 5, the support bracket 41 is manually placed over the outer side of the workpiece plate 5 ends, and then the set screw 421 is tightened to fix the workpiece plate 5. In this embodiment, the support bracket 41 has a relatively large internal space to accommodate more workpiece plates 5. The support bracket 41 can also be equipped with various adjustable limiting mechanisms. These limiting mechanisms restrict and position the workpiece plate 5, ensuring that the support bracket 41 is properly positioned each time it is placed on the workpiece plate 5. It can be fixed in the same position, which also facilitates the stable docking of the two ends of the workpiece plate 5 when the two sets of support brackets 41 are subsequently docked. In addition, if there are a large number of radar dome support cone products of the same model, a fully compatible support bracket 41 can be set for the workpiece plate 5. That is, the internal structure of the support bracket 41 is compatible with the shape near the bent end of the workpiece plate 5, so as to ensure that the support bracket 41 can be installed in the accurate position when it is installed on the outside of the workpiece plate 5. The double-ended threaded rod 432 also adopts a manual operation scheme. When the two sets of support brackets 41 are docked, the double-ended threaded rod 432 is manually operated to connect and limit the two sets of support brackets 41.

[0052] The workpiece holder 42 and the double-frame docking device 43 mentioned above are only a low-cost solution provided in this embodiment. In addition, other types of automated fixing devices such as magnetic attraction (workpiece plate 5 must be iron workpiece), cylinder clamping device, and vacuum adsorption device can be selected as workpiece holder 42. Automated docking locking devices such as automatic locking structures and automatic grippers can be used to dock and lock the two support frames 41. Corresponding hydraulic cylinders and other structures are added to cooperate with the automatic locking structure and automatic grippers to control the movement of the automatic locking structure or automatic grippers. Thus, after the two sets of support frames 41 are docked and locked, the distance between the two sets of support frames 41 can be controlled. Then, with the auxiliary support follow-up device 2 of the robotic arm, the support frame 41 can be automatically controlled to cooperate with the end of the corresponding workpiece plate 5 during actual processing, and the support frame 41 and workpiece plate 5 can be automatically fixed and clamped. In the subsequent rolling process, the support frame 41 is controlled to adaptively change the angle and position following the end of the workpiece plate 5, and a fully automated processing system is formed with the conical rolling machine 1.

[0053] It should be noted that the instructions are attached. Figure 3 After the workpiece plate 5 is welded, a complete closed-loop cylindrical structure is formed. Then, the workpiece plate 5 needs to be further extruded and rounded using a conical plate rolling machine 1. At this time, the position of the support bracket 41 can be fixed (refer to the instruction manual appendix). Figure 3The two sets of auxiliary support follow-up devices 2 stretch the two sets of support frames 41 that have been fixedly connected in two directions, thereby fixing the position of the support frames 41 (so that the support frames 41 are always in the upper position). Then, the workpiece holder 42 is released, and the workpiece plate 5 can slide relative to the support frame 41. Thus, during the rounding process, the two sets of support frames 41 provide an upward support force on the workpiece plate 5 of the cylinder from above, so as to reduce the sagging deformation of the workpiece plate 5 and further improve the product quality.

[0054] In order to reduce frictional damage between the workpiece plate 5 and the support frame 41 during the rounding process, this embodiment also improves the support assembly 4. For details, please refer to the appendix of the instruction manual. Figure 5 A support roller 44 is rotatably mounted at the bottom of the inner cavity of the support frame 41. The support roller 44 is used for rolling contact with the edge of the workpiece plate 5. In addition, refer to the attached instruction manual. Figure 6 The set stud 421 has a sliding column 423 slidably mounted inside one end of the workpiece plate 5. The sliding column 423 has a rolling ball 424 rolling inside one end of the workpiece plate 5. An elastic element is provided between the sliding column 423 and the set stud 421. This elastic element provides a squeezing force to the sliding column 423 to move closer to the workpiece plate 5. After the workpiece plate 5 is welded, the set stud 421 can be rotated in the opposite direction to unlock the workpiece plate 5. However, under the action of the elastic element, the sliding column 423 extends out of the set stud 421 and keeps the ball 424 in rolling contact with the workpiece plate 5. Thus, during the above-mentioned rounding process, the workpiece plate 5 can be provided with corresponding rolling support to avoid wear between the workpiece plate 5 and the support frame 41.

[0055] Furthermore, to further reduce welding problems caused by temperature variations in the workpiece plate 5, this embodiment also includes further improvements to the support assembly 4. For details, please refer to the appendix to the specification. Figure 7 and Figure 8 The bottom of the support frame 41 is provided with a blowing air channel 411, which is connected to the inner cavity of the support frame 41. The blowing air channel 411 is connected to a low-temperature gas supply device through a pipe, such as a gas supply pump. The connecting pipe of the gas supply pump is placed in a cooling device (such as a liquid nitrogen cooling box). This allows the blowing air channel 411 to blow low-temperature gas into the inner cavity of the support frame 41, thereby creating a cooling effect on a part of the structure of the workpiece plate 5. This causes a certain amount of shrinkage in this part of the workpiece plate 5 to offset the thermal expansion deformation generated when the heater 3 heats the workpiece plate 5, and to reduce the compressive stress when the two end faces of the workpiece plate 5 are in contact during welding. In addition, during the rounding process after the workpiece plate 5 is welded, when the welding position enters the support frame 41, the welding area can also be rapidly cooled, thereby improving the welding quality.

[0056] Also, refer to the appendix of the instruction manual. Figure 7 and Figure 9 To improve the cooling effect of airflow, brush curtains 45 are provided at the top of the inner cavity of the support frame 41 and at one end near the end of the workpiece plate 5. The brush curtains 45 are composed of brush bristles, which reduces the amount of airflow overflowing from these two points during actual use, and makes the airflow flow preferentially to the area of ​​the workpiece plate 5 away from the end, thereby improving the cooling area and cooling effect. When the welded part of the workpiece plate 5 passes through the brush curtains 45, it can also effectively clean the residual welding slag. Combined with the above-mentioned airflow, it forms an effective cleaning, preventing welding slag from being carried to the upper conical roller 12 and affecting its use.

[0057] Furthermore, for some workpieces with high surface quality requirements (such as those requiring high-precision fit or subsequent coating), it is necessary to avoid damaging the workpiece surface during actual processing. In the above cases, the workpiece diameter is large, and the squeezing amplitude and squeezing force of the upper conical roller 12 and lower conical roller 11 on the workpiece plate 5 are relatively small. This can easily lead to insufficient friction between the upper conical roller 12 or lower conical roller 11 and the workpiece plate 5, resulting in slippage. Therefore, this embodiment also adds a local resistance-increasing component 15 to the upper conical roller 12. For details, please refer to the appendix of the specification. Figure 10 and Figure 11 Multiple sets of resistance-increasing blocks 151 are arranged along the circumferential direction on the conical surface of the upper conical roller 12. The resistance-increasing blocks 151 are embedded in the upper conical roller 12, and the contact coverage area between the workpiece plate 5 and the upper conical roller 12 is larger than the area of ​​a single resistance-increasing block 151. That is to say, the resistance-increasing block 151 can only contact a local area of ​​the workpiece plate 5. In actual rolling processing, most of the area of ​​the upper conical roller 12 mainly contacts the workpiece plate 5 to form effective extrusion, while the resistance-increasing block 151 only provides a certain frictional resistance when it contacts the workpiece plate 5, without affecting the forming of the workpiece plate 5. The resistance-increasing block 151 is preferably made of high-temperature resistant rubber or high-temperature resistant plastic. At the same time, the resistance-increasing block 151 has an elastic force that extrudes towards the workpiece plate 5.

[0058] In the above scheme, the resistance-increasing block 151 can be directly fixedly installed in the upper conical roller 12 and protrude from the surface of the upper conical roller 12. When in contact with the workpiece plate 5, the resistance-increasing block 151 can be deformed by compression, thereby forming elastic compression on the workpiece plate 5 by means of its own elastic force. However, in this scheme, the contact area between the resistance-increasing block 151 and the workpiece plate 5 is relatively limited, and the resistance it can provide is also relatively limited. Therefore, this embodiment also improves the local resistance-increasing component 15, as shown in the appendix to the specification. Figure 12 and Figure 13The local resistance-increasing assembly 15 also includes a resistance-increasing belt 152. The lifting seat 14 is provided with multiple sets of support pulleys 153, two of which are located on either side of the upper conical roller 12. These two sets of support pulleys 153 have an elastic force that allows them to move closer to the workpiece plate 5 (for example, by providing a sliding seat to support the support pulleys 153 and setting elastic elements at corresponding positions). At least one set of support pulleys 153 is driven to rotate by a motor. The upper conical roller 12 is provided with an annular groove. The resistance-increasing belt 152 is wound around the support pulleys 153, and the resistance-increasing belt 152... The bottom of the annular groove of the upper conical roller 12 is set so that the movement speed of the resistance-increasing belt 152 is matched with the rotation speed of the upper conical roller 12 (or the resistance-increasing belt 152 can be driven directly by the upper conical roller 12). The resistance-increasing belt 152 is provided with multiple sets of adsorption holes 1521. The local resistance-increasing component 15 also includes a vacuuming component for evacuating the adsorption holes 1521, so that the contact part between the resistance-increasing belt 152 and the workpiece plate 5 forms an adsorption, increasing the resistance, so that the movement of the resistance-increasing belt 152 assists in driving the workpiece plate 5 to move.

[0059] It should be noted that, similar to the resistance-increasing block 151, the mating area between the workpiece plate 5 and the upper conical roller 12 should be larger than the mating area between it and the resistance-increasing belt 152. At the same time, sharp edges should not be retained in the mating areas of the upper conical roller 12 and the resistance-increasing belt 152; rounded corners are allowed to avoid damaging the workpiece plate 5.

[0060] Refer to the instruction manual appendix Figure 12 and Figure 13The vacuum assembly includes multiple sets of resistance-increasing blocks 151, all located within the annular groove area of ​​the upper conical roller 12. The resistance-increasing blocks 151 are slidably mounted within the upper conical roller 12, and an elastic element is provided between the resistance-increasing blocks 151 and the upper conical roller 12. This elastic element provides an outward elastic force to the resistance-increasing blocks 151. An air extraction channel 121 is provided within the upper conical roller 12, connecting to the vacuum equipment. The air extraction channel 121 and the resistance-increasing blocks... A pressure-contact sealing valve structure 122 is provided in the area corresponding to block 151. The pressure-contact sealing valve structure 122 is used to block the suction channel 121. A pressure head 154 is provided in the part of the resistance-increasing block 151 corresponding to the pressure-contact sealing valve structure 122. The resistance-increasing block 151 and the pressure head 154 are provided with docking channels 1511 corresponding to the adsorption holes 1521. When the resistance-increasing block 151 contacts the resistance-increasing belt 152 and forms a compression, the pressure head 154 pushes the suction channel 121 into the air. As the airflow channel 121 moves, it simultaneously opens the pressure-contact sealing valve structure 122 and inserts it into the suction channel 121, making the suction channel 121 connected to the adsorption hole 1521. The adsorption hole 1521 is equipped with a one-way valve structure 155, which is used to automatically seal the adsorption hole 1521. After the suction channel 121 draws air from the adsorption hole 1521, the upper conical roller 12 continues to rotate, causing the resistance block 151 to gradually move away from the resistance belt 152. During this process, the one-way valve structure 155 automatically seals the adsorption hole 1521, thereby maintaining the negative pressure adsorption of the workpiece plate 5 in the adsorption hole 1521 until the resistance belt 152 gradually becomes an arc shape and moves away from the workpiece plate 5 at the support pulley 153. The air pressure in the adsorption hole 1521 returns to normal, and the resistance belt 152 can then provide carrying force to the workpiece plate 5 to avoid relative slippage of the workpiece plate 5, further improving the surface quality of the workpiece plate 5.

[0061] Among them, refer to the appendix of the instruction manual Figure 15 The vacuum assembly also includes a vacuum docking cover 16, which is fixedly installed on the lifting seat 14. The vacuum docking cover 16 is rotatably sleeved on the rotating shaft of the upper conical roller 12. The vacuum docking cover 16 has an inner annular cavity 161 inside. The vacuum docking cover 16 is connected to a vacuum pump through a pipe. The vacuum channel 121 extends to the rotating shaft of the upper conical roller 12 and forms a connecting hole at the position corresponding to the inner annular cavity 161. Thus, while ensuring that the upper conical roller 12 can rotate normally, the vacuum channel 121 is vacuumed.

[0062] In the above scheme, the upper conical roller 12 and the one-way valve structure 155 can adopt a conventional valve body structure. However, when space is limited, a simpler upper conical roller 12 and one-way valve structure 155 need to be set up separately, for example, referring to the appendix of the instruction manual. Figure 13The pressure-contact sealing valve structure 122 includes two wedge-shaped sealing blocks 1221 slidably mounted inside the upper conical roller 12. The two wedge-shaped sealing blocks 1221 are positioned at the ports of the suction channel 121 corresponding to the resistance-increasing block 151. The two wedge-shaped sealing blocks 1221 possess a spring force that allows them to approach each other and block the suction channel 121 (e.g., using a spring to push the two wedge-shaped sealing blocks 1221 closer together). The area of ​​the two wedge-shaped sealing blocks 1221 corresponding to the pressure head 154 is set with an inclined structure. Therefore, when the resistance-increasing block 151 moves inward and the pressure head 154 presses against the two wedge-shaped sealing blocks 1221, the wedge-shaped sealing blocks 1221 can be opened and inserted into the suction channel 121 to form a connection. When the resistance-increasing block... When the resistance block 151 leaves the area of ​​the resistance-increasing belt 152, the wedge-shaped sealing block 1221 automatically seals, thus ensuring that there is no excessive air leakage at other resistance blocks 151, which would affect the vacuuming effect. At the same time, the one-way valve structure 155 can use an elastic sealing plate 1551. The elastic sealing plate 1551 covers the adsorption hole 1521, and one end of the elastic sealing plate 1551 is fixedly connected to the resistance-increasing belt 152. Thus, when the docking channel 1511 docks with the adsorption hole 1521, the elastic sealing plate 1551 automatically opens to pump air. When the resistance block 151 leaves the corresponding adsorption hole 1521, the elastic sealing plate 1551 automatically forms a seal above the adsorption hole 1521 to maintain the negative pressure inside the adsorption hole 1521.

[0063] It should be noted that the instructions are attached. Figure 14 As the resistance-increasing block 151 gradually detaches from the resistance-increasing belt 152, that is, when the docking channel 1511 disengages from the adsorption hole 1521, the elastic sealing piece 1551 seals the adsorption hole 1521, giving the adsorption hole 1521 the ability to adsorb under negative pressure. At this time, a portion of the resistance-increasing block 151 still contacts and is compressed by the resistance-increasing belt 152. Therefore, the pressure head 154 has not yet completely left the suction channel 121. During this process, the suction treatment of the corresponding adsorption hole 1521 is completed, and the docking channel 1511 is connected to the outside, thus forming... The air extraction state inside the upper conical roller 12 can form airflow around and inside the upper conical roller 12 during actual use, which can have a certain heat dissipation effect on the upper conical roller 12. This avoids the upper conical roller 12 from being in long-term contact with the heated workpiece plate 5, which would cause its own temperature to rise and generate excessive thermal expansion, thus affecting the forming accuracy of the workpiece plate 5. In addition, if necessary, a corresponding pressing bracket can be added to the lifting seat 14. When the resistance block 151 reaches the pressing bracket, the pressing bracket presses the resistance block 151, which can also form an airflow heat dissipation effect.

[0064] Further, please refer to the appendix to the instruction manual. Figure 16Furthermore, a drive roller 46 can be installed inside the support frame 41 so that the drive roller 46 contacts the workpiece plate 5, and a motor and bevel gear assembly can be installed to actively drive the drive roller 46, thereby increasing the rotational driving force on the workpiece plate 5 after it forms a cylinder, and further preventing the workpiece plate 5 from slipping.

[0065] The embodiments described above are merely examples of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A conical cylinder plate rolling device for radome production, comprising a conical plate rolling machine (1), an auxiliary support follow-up device (2) and a supporting assembly (4), the conical plate rolling machine (1) comprises two groups of lower conical rollers (11) and one group of upper conical rollers (12), the upper conical rollers (12) are rotatably installed on a lifting seat (14), characterized in that: The supporting assembly (4) comprises two groups of supporting frames (41), which are respectively arranged at two ends of the workpiece plate (5); The supporting frame (41) is internally provided with a workpiece fixer (42) for clamping and fixing the workpiece plate (5), and is further provided with a double-frame butt joint device (43) for butt joint and fixing the two groups of supporting frames (41) and having the ability to adjust the distance between the two groups of supporting frames (41); The supporting frame (41) is supported by an auxiliary supporting follow-up device (2) for providing upward supporting force for the supporting frame (41); The upper conical roller (12) is provided with a local resistance increasing assembly (15), which comprises a resistance increasing belt (152), and the lifting seat (14) is provided with a plurality of supporting pulleys (153), the upper conical roller (12) is provided with an annular groove, the resistance increasing belt (152) is arranged on the supporting pulleys (153), and the bottom of the annular groove of the upper conical roller (12) is arranged, the movement speed of the resistance increasing belt (152) and the rotation speed of the upper conical roller (12) are matched with each other; The local resistance increasing assembly (15) further comprises a resistance increasing block (151), wherein two groups of supporting pulleys (153) are arranged at two side regions of the upper conical roller (12), the two groups of supporting pulleys (153) have elastic force for approaching the workpiece plate (5), at least one group of the plurality of supporting pulleys (153) is driven to rotate by a motor, the resistance increasing belt (152) is provided with a plurality of adsorption holes (1521), and the local resistance increasing assembly (15) further comprises a vacuumizing assembly for vacuumizing the adsorption holes (1521). The vacuumizing assembly further comprises an air-extracting butt-joint cover (16) fixedly installed on the lifting seat (14), the air-extracting butt-joint cover (16) is rotatably sleeved on the rotating shaft of the upper conical roller (12), the air-extracting butt-joint cover (16) is internally provided with an inner ring cavity (161), the air-extracting butt-joint cover (16) is connected with the vacuum pump through a pipeline, the resistance-increasing blocks (151) are provided in multiple groups, the multiple groups of resistance-increasing blocks (151) are located in the annular groove region of the upper conical roller (12), the resistance-increasing blocks (151) are slidingly installed in the upper conical roller (12), and an elastic member is arranged between the resistance-increasing blocks (151) and the upper conical roller (12), the elastic member is used for providing an elastic force for the outward movement of the resistance-increasing blocks (151), the upper conical roller (12) is internally provided with an air-extracting flow channel (121), the air-extracting flow channel (121) extends to the rotating shaft of the upper conical roller (12), and a communication hole in communication with the inner ring cavity (161) is formed at the position corresponding to the inner ring cavity (161), the air-extracting flow channel (121) is provided with a pressure-touch blocking valve structure (122) in the region corresponding to the resistance-increasing blocks (151), the pressure-touch blocking valve structure (122) is used for blocking the air-extracting flow channel (121), the part of the resistance-increasing blocks (151) corresponding to the pressure-touch blocking valve structure (122) is provided with a touch pressure head (154), the resistance-increasing blocks (151) and the touch pressure head (154) are internally provided with butt-joint channels (1511) corresponding to the adsorption holes (1521), when the resistance-increasing blocks (151) are in contact with the resistance-increasing belts (152) to form extrusion, the touch pressure head (154) moves towards the air-extracting flow channel (121), simultaneously opens the pressure-touch blocking valve structure (122), and is inserted into the air-extracting flow channel (121), so that the air-extracting flow channel (121) is in communication with the adsorption holes (1521), and the adsorption holes (1521) are provided with one-way valve structures (155).

2. The tapering cylinder plate rolling device for radome production according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two groups of the lower conical rollers (11) are rotatably installed on the rack (13), the lifting seat (14) is slidingly installed in the rack (13), the rack (13) is further provided with a heater (3), the heater (3) is arranged corresponding to the lower region of the upper conical roller (12), the auxiliary support follow-up device (2) comprises a hanging arm (21), the hanging arm (21) is provided with a pulling rope (23), one end of the pulling rope (23) is connected with a pulling device (24), the other end of the pulling rope (23) is connected with a supporting frame (41), the hanging arm (21) has a moving ability, the pulling device (24) is a counterweight block, the hanging arm (21) is installed on a moving frame (22), and the moving frame (22) is provided with walking wheels.

3. The tapering cylinder plate rolling device for radome production according to claim 2, characterized in that: The double-frame docking device (43) comprises a double-end threaded rod (432), two groups of threaded sleeves (431) are fixedly connected to corresponding positions on the two groups of supporting frames (41), and the two ends of the double-end threaded rod (432) are provided with threads in opposite directions.

4. The tapering cylinder plate rolling device for producing radomes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The workpiece fixer (42) comprises a clamping stud (421), the two sides of the supporting frame (41) are provided with clamping studs (421), the clamping stud (421) is in threaded connection with the supporting frame (41), one end of the clamping stud (421) corresponding to the workpiece plate (5) is provided with a pressure head (422), and the hardness of the pressure head (422) is lower than that of the workpiece plate (5).

5. The tapering cylinder plate rolling device for radome production according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom of the inner cavity of the supporting frame (41) is rotatably provided with a supporting roller (44), the supporting roller (44) is used for rolling contact with the edge of the workpiece plate (5), the inner portion of the clamping stud (421) corresponding to one end of the workpiece plate (5) is slidably provided with a sliding column (423), the inner portion of the sliding column (423) corresponding to one end of the workpiece plate (5) is rolling provided with a ball (424), and an elastic member is arranged between the sliding column (423) and the clamping stud (421), and the elastic member is used for providing a pressing force of the sliding column (423) to the workpiece plate (5).

6. The tapering cylinder plate rolling device for radome production according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom of the supporting frame (41) is provided with a gas blowing channel (411), the gas blowing channel (411) is communicated into the inner cavity of the supporting frame (41), the gas blowing channel (411) is connected with a low-temperature gas supply device through a pipeline, the top of the inner cavity of the supporting frame (41) and one end close to the end of the workpiece plate (5) are both provided with a brush curtain (45), and the brush curtain (45) is composed of brush hairs.

7. The tapering cylinder plate rolling device for radome production according to claim 6, characterized in that: The pressure touch plugging valve structure (122) comprises two wedge-shaped plugging blocks (1221) slidingly arranged in the inner portion of the upper conical roller (12), and the two wedge-shaped plugging blocks (1221) are arranged at the ports of the air exhaust channel (121) corresponding to the resistance increasing blocks (151). The two wedge-shaped plugging blocks (1221) have elastic force for approaching each other and plugging the air exhaust channel (121), the regions of the two wedge-shaped plugging blocks (1221) corresponding to the pressure heads (154) are provided with inclined structures, the one-way valve structure (155) is an elastic plugging sheet (1551), the elastic plugging sheet (1551) covers the adsorption hole (1521) in the upper portion, and one end of the elastic plugging sheet (1551) is fixedly connected with the resistance increasing belt (152).

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