Locomotive sand box monitoring method and device

Abstract

According to the locomotive sand box monitoring method and device, sand feeding is conducted through a sand feeding system, and the sand production amount of a sand gun is monitored in the sand feeding process; calculating a theoretical calculation value of the sand feeding amount of the locomotive sand box on the basis of the monitored sand production amount of the sand gun, substituting the theoretical calculation value of the sand feeding amount into a pre-constructed relation formula between the theoretical calculation value of the sand feeding amount of the locomotive sand box and a corresponding true value of the sand feeding amount, and calculating to obtain the true value of the sand feeding amount, namely the actual sanding amount of the locomotive sand box at this time; and key statistical characteristics are extracted based on the monitored sand production amount of the sand gun, and locomotive sand box abnormity diagnosis is carried out based on the extracted key statistical characteristics. According to the invention, the technical problems of low precision, slow speed and tedious steps of a sand spraying amount calculation method which seriously depends on manpower and experience in the prior art are solved, and an effective basis is provided for the diagnosis of the internal abnormity of the sand box.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of rail transit, in particular to a locomotive sand box monitoring method and device. BACKGROUND

[0002] During the operation of the locomotive, especially under the conditions of starting, accelerating or low adhesion coefficient track, sand particles need to be sprayed to the contact surface of the rail and the wheel through the sand gun to improve the adhesion coefficient and the traction force, prevent idling or slipping, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the locomotive.

[0003] The sanding amount, as a key parameter reflecting the sanding effect and the working state of the sand box, not only relates to the safe operation of the locomotive and the management of the sand, but also can assist in judging the possible abnormal conditions in the sand box, such as poor sand supply, nozzle wear, air path fluctuation or valve leakage, etc.

[0004] The current sanding amount detection method mainly relies on manual means, for example, the driver opens the sanding device through the foot valve, and the maintenance personnel estimates the sanding amount by connecting sand, bagging and weighing at the maintenance station. This kind of method is complicated to operate, and the detection frequency is limited, which is often difficult to quickly and accurately reflect the actual state of the sanding system, and has problems such as low data precision and abnormal judgment relying on experience, which is not conducive to the scientific management and maintenance of the locomotive sanding system. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a locomotive sand box monitoring method and device to solve the technical problems of the prior art, such as the sanding amount calculation method which seriously relies on manual and experience, low precision, slow speed and complicated steps, and provides an effective basis for the internal abnormal diagnosis of the sand box.

[0006] According to a first aspect, a locomotive sand box monitoring method is provided in an embodiment, the method comprising:

[0007] Using the sand feeding system to feed sand, and monitoring the sand gun sand output during sand feeding;

[0008] Based on the monitored sand gun sand output, calculating the theoretical calculation value of the sand feeding amount of the locomotive sand box, and bringing the theoretical calculation value of the sand feeding amount into the pre-constructed relationship formula between the theoretical calculation value of the sand feeding amount of the locomotive sand box and the corresponding real value of the sand feeding amount, to calculate the real value of the sand feeding amount, which is the actual sanding amount of the locomotive sand box this time;

[0009] Based on the monitored sand gun sand output, extracting key statistical features, and based on the extracted key statistical features, diagnosing the abnormality of the locomotive sand box.

[0010] Further, the sand feeding system comprises a sand net, an exhaust pipeline, a heating rod, an air inlet pipeline, a flow meter one, a thermal flow meter two, a sand gun, a temperature sensor, a sand outlet pipeline and a sand tower.

[0011] One end of the air intake pipe is connected to a high-pressure air pipeline, and the other end is connected to a sand tower. The flow meter is installed at the inlet of the air intake pipe to obtain the air intake flow rate. The heating rod is installed inside the sand tower to heat the compressed air, allowing the heated airflow to disperse the sand inside the tower and prevent it from hardening due to moisture, thus ensuring the smooth progress of the sand loading process. One end of the exhaust pipe connects to the inside of the sand tower and is equipped with a sand mesh, while the other end connects to the exhaust port equipped with a thermal flow meter. The sand mesh prevents sand particles from being discharged with the heated airflow, and the thermal flow meter is used to obtain the outlet air flow rate. The sand outlet pipe is connected to a sand tower at one end and a sand gun at the other end. During the sand application process, hot airflow carries sand through the sand tower into the sand outlet pipe and then sprays it out. A temperature sensor is installed on the sand outlet pipe to monitor the temperature of the gas-solid mixture inside the sand outlet pipe and the sand gun pipe in real time. .

[0012] Furthermore, the sand output from the sand gun is monitored during the sand loading process in the locomotive sandbox, specifically including:

[0013] The formula for calculating the sand output of the sand gun is:

[0014] ;

[0015] in, Indicates the amount of sand output from the sand gun; The air intake flow rate is indicated by a flow meter installed at the inlet of the air intake pipe of the sand-filling system. The air flow rate is indicated by a flow meter installed at the outlet of the exhaust pipe of the sand-pressing system. The temperature of the gas-solid mixture inside the sand gun pipe is obtained through a temperature sensor installed on the pipe. This indicates the ambient temperature of the working environment.

[0016] Furthermore, the theoretical calculation values ​​of the sand loading amount in the locomotive sand box under different residual sand conditions are obtained, specifically including:

[0017] ;

[0018] in, This indicates the change in sand output from the sand gun over time. This indicates the time taken for the sand application process.

[0019] Furthermore, a formula is constructed to establish the relationship between the theoretically calculated value of the sand loading amount in the locomotive sand box and the corresponding actual value of the sand loading amount, specifically including:

[0020] The theoretical calculation value of the amount of sand loaded into the locomotive sand box under different residual sand conditions is obtained by monitoring and calculating the sand output of the sand gun, and the actual value of the amount of sand loaded into the locomotive sand box under different residual sand conditions is obtained by actual weighing.

[0021] Based on the actual value and theoretical calculation value of the amount of sand added under different residual sand conditions, a graph showing the variation of the actual value and theoretical calculation value of the amount of sand added under different residual sand conditions is generated.

[0022] Calculate the residual value between the actual value and the theoretical calculation value of the sand loading under different residual sand loading conditions, and generate a graph showing the variation of the residual value under different theoretical calculation values ​​of sand loading.

[0023] Based on the variation graphs of the actual and theoretical calculation values ​​of the sand loading amount under different residual sand loading conditions, and the variation graphs of the residual values ​​under different theoretical calculation values ​​of sand loading amount, the relationship formula between the actual and theoretical calculation values ​​of the sand loading amount is obtained by least squares fitting and residual test.

[0024] Furthermore, the actual sand loading amount of the locomotive sand box under different residual sand conditions is obtained, specifically including:

[0025] When the locomotive stops at the maintenance section after completing the sand spreading operation, empty the remaining sand in the locomotive's sand box and weigh the remaining sand. Obtain the remaining sand amount of several locomotives.

[0026] The excess sand is backfilled into the locomotive's sand box, and the sand level line is leveled with the sand level before the sand is discharged by manual vibration. While maintaining vibration, the locomotive is filled with sand through the sand loading system.

[0027] After filling the locomotive sand box with sand, empty the sand box again and weigh the released sand to obtain the full sand volume of the sand box.

[0028] The difference between the calculated amount of excess sand and the full amount of sand is used to obtain the true amount of sand that can be added to the locomotive sand box from the state of full sand under different conditions of excess sand.

[0029] Furthermore, the relationship between the actual value and the theoretically calculated value of the sand application was obtained through fitting, specifically including:

[0030] ;

[0031] in:

[0032] This represents the true value of the sand application amount obtained from the fitting process;

[0033] This is the proportionality coefficient. ;

[0034] This is the theoretical calculation value for the amount of sand applied.

[0035] This is the bias value. ;

[0036] This indicates the calculation of the proportionality coefficient. During the process, a total of A set of real sand-applying data;

[0037] Indicates the selected The first set of real sand-washing data Group data;

[0038] This represents the average theoretical value of the amount of sand applied. ;

[0039] Indicates the first Theoretical value of sand application amount for the set of data;

[0040] This represents the average of the actual amount of sand applied. ;

[0041] Indicates the first The actual value of the amount of sand applied in the group data.

[0042] Furthermore, based on the monitored sand output from the sand gun, key statistical features are extracted, including:

[0043] The signal of sand output from the sand gun during the sand application process Event segmentation is performed, and a sliding window method is used to obtain the baseline traffic range and extract the median. and robust standard deviation robust standard deviation The calculation formula is:

[0044] ;

[0045] Wherein, MAD is the median absolute deviation, which is the amount of sand output from the sand gun at each time point within the sliding window. With median The absolute deviation is taken as the median, and 1.4826 is the coefficient for converting MAD to the standard deviation of a normal distribution;

[0046] By median and robust standard deviation Calculate the threshold time for opening and closing. and This allows for the division of the start and end times of each sand-addition event, and the extraction of key statistical feature signals, including: in a single sand-addition event middle, Indicates peak traffic. Indicates the average flow rate. This indicates the cumulative amount of sand applied during the event, and is a stability index. .

[0047] Furthermore, based on the extracted key statistical features, anomaly diagnosis of the locomotive sandbox is performed, specifically including:

[0048] like and If the sand gun sprays insufficiently, it indicates a blockage or clumping inside the sand box, high back pressure at the sand inlet, or the sand box not being fully filled after the sand filling operation. and These represent peak traffic and stability metrics under normal conditions, respectively. and These represent the robust dispersion of peak flow and stability index, respectively.

[0049] like and If this occurs, it indicates an abnormality in the sand gun's spray pattern, suggesting a leak inside the sand box, a pressure gap within the sand box, high spray pressure at the sand inlet, and prolonged sand application time. and These represent the average flow rate and cumulative sand loading under normal conditions, respectively. and These represent the robust dispersion of the mean flow rate and the cumulative sand loading, respectively.

[0050] According to a second aspect, one embodiment provides a locomotive sand box monitoring device, characterized in that the device comprises:

[0051] The sand application module is used to apply sand using the sand application system and to monitor the amount of sand output from the sand gun during the sand application process.

[0052] The sand spreading amount detection module is used to calculate the theoretical sand spreading amount of the locomotive sand box based on the monitored sand output of the sand gun. The theoretical sand spreading amount is then input into a pre-built formula relating the theoretical sand spreading amount of the locomotive sand box to the actual sand spreading amount, which is the actual sand spreading amount of the locomotive sand box in this instance.

[0053] The anomaly diagnosis module is used to extract key statistical features based on the monitored sand output of the sand gun, and to perform anomaly diagnosis of the locomotive sand box based on the extracted key statistical features.

[0054] This invention provides a method and device for monitoring locomotive sand boxes, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0055] 1. During the sand application process, based on the varying amount of residual sand in the locomotive's sand box, a relationship curve between the theoretical and actual values ​​of "residual sand amount - sand application amount" and a relationship diagram between "residual - theoretical sand amount" are established. Through least squares fitting and residual verification, a stable linear correspondence is established between the actual sand amount and the theoretical value obtained by integrating the sand gun flow rate. Therefore, without altering the locomotive's original sand application structure or requiring additional material level or weighing sensors, the true value of the total sand application amount for the entire operating cycle can be obtained and closed-loop calibration completed using only one sand application operation at the maintenance station. This effectively reduces errors caused by manual estimation and experience-based judgment, lowers long-term cumulative deviations, significantly improves data consistency and traceability, and provides a reliable basis for locomotive sand replenishment and maintenance management.

[0056] 2. This invention can display the "sand gun flow rate-time curve" and key statistical features in real time. It can help identify the situation of wet sand clumping, sand mesh blockage, partial pipeline blockage and leakage inside the locomotive sand box based on the abnormal state of sand quantity on the sand gun. The relevant data can be stored in a historical sample library for later threshold adaptation and maintenance decision support. Attached Figure Description

[0057] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a locomotive sandbox monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the pipeline structure of the locomotive sand loading system in a locomotive sand box monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 3 A graph showing the relationship between the theoretical and actual values ​​of sand loading in a locomotive sand box monitoring method provided in an embodiment of the present invention, specifically the "residual sand load - sand loading" curve.

[0060] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the relationship between "residual - theoretical sand quantity" in a locomotive sand box monitoring method provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0061] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. Similar elements in different embodiments are referred to by associated similar element reference numerals. In the following embodiments, many details are described to facilitate a better understanding of the invention. However, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that some features may be omitted in different situations, or may be replaced by other elements, materials, or methods. In some cases, certain operations related to the present invention are not shown or described in the specification. This is to avoid obscuring the core parts of the invention with excessive description. For those skilled in the art, detailed description of these related operations is not necessary; they can fully understand the related operations based on the description in the specification and general technical knowledge in the art.

[0062] Furthermore, the features, operations, or characteristics described in the specification can be combined in any suitable manner to form various embodiments. At the same time, the steps or actions in the method description can be rearranged or adjusted in a manner obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the various orders in the specification and drawings are only for the clear description of a particular embodiment and do not imply a necessary order, unless otherwise stated that a particular order must be followed.

[0063] The first embodiment of the present invention provides a locomotive sand box monitoring method, which is described below in conjunction with... Figure 1 Please provide a detailed explanation.

[0064] like Figure 1 As shown, in step S100, sand is applied using a sand application system, and the amount of sand output from the sand gun is monitored during the sand application process.

[0065] Specifically, in this embodiment, as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the sand feeding system includes a sand mesh, an exhaust pipe, a heating rod, an air inlet pipe, a flow meter 1, a thermal flow meter 2, a sand gun, a temperature sensor, a sand outlet pipe, and a sand tower.

[0066] One end of the intake pipe is connected to a high-pressure air pipeline, and the other end is connected to a sand tower. A flow meter is installed at the inlet of the intake pipe to obtain the intake air flow rate. Heating rods are installed inside the sand tower to heat the compressed air. The heated airflow disperses the sand within the tower, preventing it from hardening due to moisture and ensuring a smooth sand loading process. One end of the exhaust pipe connects to the inside of the sand tower and is equipped with a sand mesh. The other end connects to the exhaust port where a thermal flow meter is installed. The sand mesh prevents sand particles from being discharged with the heated airflow, while the thermal flow meter measures the outlet airflow. The sand outlet pipe connects to the sand tower at one end and the sand gun at the other. During the sand application process, hot air carries sand through the sand tower into the outlet pipe and out. A temperature sensor is installed on the outlet pipe to monitor the temperature of the gas-solid mixture inside the outlet pipe and the sand gun pipe in real time. It can simultaneously combine the ambient temperature of the working environment. This provides a basis for temperature correction in the calculation of hot flow rate of sand output.

[0067] like Figure 1 As shown, in step S200, based on the monitored sand output of the sand gun, the theoretical calculation value of the sand loading amount of the locomotive sand box is calculated, and the theoretical calculation value of the sand loading amount is substituted into the pre-built relationship formula between the theoretical calculation value of the sand loading amount of the locomotive sand box and the corresponding actual value of the sand loading amount to calculate the actual value of the sand loading amount, which is the actual sand loading amount of the locomotive sand box this time.

[0068] The method for constructing the formula relating the theoretically calculated sand loading amount to the actual sand loading amount in the locomotive sand box specifically includes:

[0069] S210 obtains the theoretical calculation value of the amount of sand loaded into the locomotive sand box under different residual sand conditions by monitoring and calculating the amount of sand discharged from the sand gun, and obtains the actual value of the amount of sand loaded into the locomotive sand box under different residual sand conditions by actual weighing.

[0070] Step S210 specifically includes:

[0071] S211, Obtain the actual sand loading amount of the locomotive sand box under different residual sand conditions. Details are as follows:

[0072] S2111, When a locomotive stops at the maintenance section after completing the sand spreading operation, the remaining sand in the locomotive's sand box is emptied and the amount of remaining sand is weighed, and the amount of remaining sand for several locomotives is obtained.

[0073] S2112, the discharged excess sand is backfilled into the locomotive sand box, and the sand level line is made level with the sand discharge line by manual vibration. While maintaining vibration, the locomotive is filled with sand by the sand loading system.

[0074] S2113, After filling the locomotive sand box with sand, empty the sand box again and weigh the released sand to obtain the full amount of sand in the sand box.

[0075] S2114, the difference between the calculated amount of residual sand and the full amount of sand is used to obtain the true value of the amount of sand loaded into the locomotive sand box under different residual sand conditions until it reaches the full sand state.

[0076] The formula for calculating several actual values ​​of sand application amount is as follows:

[0077] ;

[0078] in, This indicates a uniform full sand volume. This indicates a certain amount of excess sand.

[0079] S212, Obtain the theoretical calculated value of the sand loading amount in the locomotive sand box under different residual sand conditions. Details are as follows:

[0080] S2121, the formula for calculating the sand output of the sand gun is:

[0081] ;

[0082] in, Indicates the amount of sand output from the sand gun. This indicates the intake airflow rate in the cold state. This indicates the cold air output flow rate. This indicates the temperature of the gas-solid mixture inside the sand gun pipe. This indicates the ambient temperature of the working environment.

[0083] S2122, the calculation formula for obtaining several theoretical values ​​of sand loading amount in the locomotive sand box under different residual sand conditions is as follows:

[0084] ;

[0085] in, This indicates the change in sand output from the sand gun over time. This indicates the time taken for the sand application process.

[0086] S220, based on the actual value and theoretical calculation value of the sand loading under different residual sand conditions, generates a graph showing the variation of the actual value and theoretical calculation value of the sand loading under different residual sand conditions, such as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0087] S230, calculate the residual value between the actual value and the theoretical calculation value of the sand loading under different residual sand loading conditions, and generate a graph showing the variation of the residual value under different theoretical calculation values ​​of sand loading, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0088] S240. Based on the variation graphs of the actual and theoretical calculation values ​​of the sand loading amount under different residual sand loading conditions, and the variation graphs of the residual values ​​under different theoretical calculation values ​​of sand loading amount, the relationship formula between the actual and theoretical calculation values ​​of the sand loading amount is obtained by least squares fitting and residual test.

[0089] Specifically, by fitting several theoretical values ​​of sand application amount with their corresponding actual values, the formula for calculating the sand application amount is obtained as follows:

[0090] ;

[0091] in:

[0092] This represents the true value of the sand application amount obtained from the fitting process;

[0093] This is the proportionality coefficient. ;

[0094] This is the theoretical calculation value for the amount of sand applied.

[0095] This is the bias value. ;

[0096] This indicates the calculation of the proportionality coefficient. During the process, a total of A set of real sand-applying data;

[0097] Indicates the selected The first set of real sand-washing data Group data;

[0098] This represents the average theoretical value of the amount of sand applied. ;

[0099] Indicates the first Theoretical value of sand application amount for the set of data;

[0100] This represents the average of the actual amount of sand applied. ;

[0101] Indicates the first The actual value of the amount of sand applied in the group data.

[0102] The sand output of the sand gun obtained from the monitoring of this sand application process is used to calculate the theoretical value of the sand application amount according to the calculation formula in step S2122. Then, the calculated theoretical value of the sand application amount is substituted into the above formula relating the actual value of the sand application amount to the theoretical value to obtain the corresponding actual value of the sand application amount, which is the actual amount of sand applied by the locomotive sand box this time.

[0103] like Figure 1 As shown, in step S300, key statistical features are extracted based on the monitored sand output of the sand gun, and the abnormality diagnosis of the locomotive sand box is performed based on the extracted key statistical features.

[0104] The above steps specifically include:

[0105] S310, extract key statistical features.

[0106] The specific methods for obtaining key statistical features are as follows:

[0107] The signal of sand output from the sand gun during the sand application process Event segmentation is performed, and a sliding window method is used to obtain the baseline traffic range and extract the median. and robust standard deviation robust standard deviation The calculation formula is:

[0108] ;

[0109] Wherein, MAD is the median absolute deviation, which is the amount of sand output from the sand gun at each time point within the sliding window. With median The absolute deviation is taken as the median, and 1.4826 is the coefficient for converting MAD to the "standard deviation of a normal distribution";

[0110] By median and robust standard deviation Calculate the threshold time for opening and closing. and This allows us to define the start and end times of each sand-addition event and extract key statistical feature parameters as follows:

[0111] In a sand-addition incident middle, Indicates peak traffic. Indicates the average flow rate. This indicates the cumulative amount of sand applied during the event, and is a stability index. .

[0112] S320, Abnormal Diagnosis.

[0113] By displaying and saving visualized images and key statistical features in real time, abnormal features of sand output from sand guns are processed and analyzed. If the following conditions are met, the abnormal conditions inside the sand box can be determined.

[0114] Abnormal sand discharge from the sand gun: If there are wet sand clumps, sand mesh blockages, or partial pipe blockages inside the locomotive sand box, it will cause increased back pressure at the sand inlet of the sand box, resulting in the locomotive sand box not being fully filled after the sanding operation. The abnormal sand discharge from the sand gun is characterized by the following calculation formula:

[0115] and ;

[0116] in, and This represents peak traffic and stability metrics under normal conditions. and This represents the robust dispersion of the peak flow rate and the stability index.

[0117] Abnormal sand lance output: If there are leaks or other issues inside the locomotive's sand box, the resulting pressure gap will increase the spray pressure at the sand inlet, significantly extending the sand application time. Abnormal sand output from the sand lance is characterized by the following calculation formula:

[0118] and ;

[0119] in, and This represents the average flow rate and cumulative sand loading under normal conditions. and This represents the robust dispersion of the mean flow rate and the cumulative sand loading.

[0120] Corresponding to the locomotive sandbox monitoring method disclosed above, this embodiment of the invention also discloses a locomotive sandbox monitoring device, which specifically includes:

[0121] The sand application module is used to apply sand using the sand application system and to monitor the amount of sand output from the sand gun during the sand application process.

[0122] The sand distribution detection module is used to calculate the theoretical value of the amount of sand on the locomotive's sand box based on the monitored sand output from the sand gun.

[0123] The theoretical calculation value of the amount of sand loaded into the locomotive sand box under different residual sand conditions is obtained by monitoring and calculating the sand output of the sand gun, and the actual value of the amount of sand loaded into the locomotive sand box under different residual sand conditions is obtained by actual weighing.

[0124] Based on the theoretical calculation value of sand loading amount and the corresponding actual value of sand loading amount under different residual sand conditions of locomotive sand box, a formula for the relationship between the actual value of sand loading amount and the theoretical calculation value is obtained by fitting.

[0125] Obtain the theoretical value of sand application amount for any sand application process, and substitute the obtained theoretical value of sand application amount into the formula relating the actual value of sand application amount and the theoretical calculation value to calculate the corresponding actual value of sand application amount, which is the actual sand application amount of the locomotive sand box.

[0126] The anomaly diagnosis module is used to extract key statistical features based on the monitored sand output of the sand gun, and to perform anomaly diagnosis of the locomotive sand box based on the extracted key statistical features.

[0127] It should be noted that for a detailed description of the locomotive sand box monitoring device provided in the embodiments of the present invention, please refer to the relevant description of the locomotive sand box monitoring method provided in the embodiments of the present invention, which will not be repeated here.

[0128] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the functions of the various methods in the above embodiments can be implemented by hardware or by computer programs. When all or part of the functions in the above embodiments are implemented by computer programs, the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which may include: read-only memory, random access memory, disk, optical disk, hard disk, etc., and the program is executed by a computer to achieve the above functions. For example, the program can be stored in the memory of a device, and when the program in the memory is executed by the processor, all or part of the above functions can be achieved. In addition, when all or part of the functions in the above embodiments are implemented by computer programs, the program can also be stored in a server, another computer, disk, optical disk, flash drive, or external hard drive, etc., and can be downloaded or copied to the memory of a local device, or the system of the local device can be updated. When the program in the memory is executed by the processor, all or part of the functions in the above embodiments can be achieved.

[0129] The above examples illustrate the present invention only to aid in understanding it and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various simple deductions, modifications, or substitutions based on the principles of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring locomotive sandboxes, characterized in that, The method includes: Sand is applied using a sand application system, and the amount of sand output from the sand gun is monitored during the sand application process. Based on the monitored sand output of the sand gun, the theoretical value of the sand loading amount of the locomotive sand box is calculated. The theoretical value of the sand loading amount is then substituted into the pre-built formula relating the theoretical value of the sand loading amount of the locomotive sand box to the corresponding actual value of the sand loading amount. The actual value of the sand loading amount is then calculated, which is the actual amount of sand spread by the locomotive sand box in this instance. Based on the monitored sand output of the sand gun, key statistical features are extracted, and the abnormality diagnosis of the locomotive sand box is performed based on the extracted key statistical features.

2. The locomotive sandbox monitoring method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sand feeding system includes a sand mesh, an exhaust pipe, a heating rod, an air inlet pipe, a flow meter 1, a thermal flow meter 2, a sand gun, a temperature sensor, a sand outlet pipe, and a sand tower. One end of the air intake pipe is connected to a high-pressure air pipeline, and the other end is connected to a sand tower. The flow meter is installed at the inlet of the air intake pipe to obtain the air intake flow rate. The heating rod is installed inside the sand tower to heat the compressed air, allowing the heated airflow to disperse the sand inside the tower and prevent it from hardening due to moisture, thus ensuring the smooth progress of the sand loading process. One end of the exhaust pipe connects to the inside of the sand tower and is equipped with a sand mesh, while the other end connects to the exhaust port equipped with a thermal flow meter. The sand mesh prevents sand particles from being discharged with the heated airflow, and the thermal flow meter is used to obtain the outlet air flow rate. The sand outlet pipe is connected to a sand tower at one end and a sand gun at the other end. During the sand application process, hot airflow carries sand through the sand tower into the sand outlet pipe and then sprays it out. A temperature sensor is installed on the sand outlet pipe to monitor the temperature of the gas-solid mixture inside the sand outlet pipe and the sand gun pipe in real time. .

3. The locomotive sandbox monitoring method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sand output from the sand gun is monitored during the sanding process in the locomotive sandbox, specifically including: The formula for calculating the sand output of the sand gun is: ； in, Indicates the amount of sand output from the sand gun; The air intake flow rate is indicated by a flow meter installed at the inlet of the air intake pipe of the sand-filling system. The air flow rate is indicated by a flow meter installed at the outlet of the exhaust pipe of the sand-pressing system. The temperature of the gas-solid mixture inside the sand gun pipe is obtained through a temperature sensor installed on the pipe. This indicates the ambient temperature of the working environment.

4. The locomotive sandbox monitoring method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Obtain the theoretically calculated value S of the sand loading amount in the locomotive sand box under different residual sand conditions, specifically including: ； in, This indicates the change in sand output from the sand gun over time. This indicates the time taken for the sand application process.

5. The locomotive sandbox monitoring method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The formula relating the theoretically calculated sand loading amount to the actual sand loading amount in the locomotive sand box is established, specifically including: The theoretical calculation value of the amount of sand loaded into the locomotive sand box under different residual sand conditions is obtained by monitoring and calculating the sand output of the sand gun, and the actual value of the amount of sand loaded into the locomotive sand box under different residual sand conditions is obtained by actual weighing. Based on the actual value and theoretical calculation value of the amount of sand added under different residual sand conditions, a graph showing the variation of the actual value and theoretical calculation value of the amount of sand added under different residual sand conditions is generated. Calculate the residual value between the actual value and the theoretical calculation value of the sand loading under different residual sand loading conditions, and generate a graph showing the variation of the residual value under different theoretical calculation values ​​of sand loading. Based on the variation graphs of the actual and theoretical calculation values ​​of the sand loading amount under different residual sand loading conditions, and the variation graphs of the residual values ​​under different theoretical calculation values ​​of sand loading amount, the relationship formula between the actual and theoretical calculation values ​​of the sand loading amount is obtained by least squares fitting and residual test.

6. The locomotive sandbox monitoring method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Obtain the actual sand loading amount of the locomotive sand box under different residual sand levels, specifically including: When the locomotive stops at the maintenance section after completing the sand spreading operation, empty the remaining sand in the locomotive's sand box and weigh the remaining sand. Obtain the remaining sand amount of several locomotives. The excess sand is backfilled into the locomotive's sand box, and the sand level line is leveled with the sand level before the sand is discharged by manual vibration. While maintaining vibration, the locomotive is filled with sand through the sand loading system. After filling the locomotive sand box with sand, empty the sand box again and weigh the released sand to obtain the full sand volume of the sand box. The difference between the calculated amount of excess sand and the full amount of sand is used to obtain the true amount of sand that can be added to the locomotive sand box from the state of full sand under different conditions of excess sand.

7. The locomotive sandbox monitoring method as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The formula for the relationship between the actual value and the theoretical calculation value of sand application is obtained through fitting, specifically including: ； in: This represents the true value of the sand application amount obtained from the fitting process; This is the proportionality coefficient. ; This is the theoretical calculation value for the amount of sand applied. This is the bias value. ; This indicates the calculation of the proportionality coefficient. During the process, a total of A set of real sand-applying data; Indicates the selected The first set of real sand-washing data Group data; This represents the average theoretical value of the amount of sand applied. ; Indicates the first Theoretical value of sand application amount for the set of data; This represents the average of the actual amount of sand applied. ; Indicates the first The actual value of the amount of sand applied in the group data.

8. The locomotive sandbox monitoring method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the monitored sand output from the sand gun, key statistical features were extracted, including: The signal of sand output from the sand gun during the sand application process Event segmentation is performed, and a sliding window method is used to obtain the baseline traffic range and extract the median. and robust standard deviation robust standard deviation The calculation formula is: ； Wherein, MAD is the median absolute deviation, which is the amount of sand output from the sand gun at each time point within the sliding window. With median The absolute deviation is taken as the median, and 1.4826 is the coefficient for converting MAD to the standard deviation of a normal distribution; By median and robust standard deviation Calculate the threshold time for opening and closing. and This allows for the division of the start and end times of each sand-addition event, and the extraction of key statistical feature signals, including: in a single sand-addition event middle, Indicates peak traffic. Indicates the average flow rate. This indicates the cumulative amount of sand applied during the event, and is a stability index. .

9. The locomotive sandbox monitoring method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, Locomotive sandbox anomaly diagnosis is performed based on extracted key statistical features, specifically including: like and If the sand gun sprays insufficiently, it indicates a blockage or clumping inside the sand box, high back pressure at the sand inlet, or the sand box not being fully filled after the sand filling operation. and These represent peak traffic and stability metrics under normal conditions, respectively. and These represent the robust dispersion of peak flow and stability index, respectively. like and If this occurs, it indicates an abnormality in the sand gun's spray pattern, suggesting a leak inside the sand box, a pressure gap within the sand box, high spray pressure at the sand inlet, and prolonged sand application time. and These represent the average flow rate and cumulative sand loading under normal conditions, respectively. and These represent the robust dispersion of the mean flow rate and the cumulative sand loading, respectively.

10. A locomotive sandbox monitoring device, characterized in that, The device includes: The sand application module is used to apply sand using the sand application system and to monitor the amount of sand output from the sand gun during the sand application process. The sand spreading amount detection module is used to calculate the theoretical sand spreading amount of the locomotive sand box based on the monitored sand output of the sand gun. The theoretical sand spreading amount is then input into a pre-built formula relating the theoretical sand spreading amount of the locomotive sand box to the actual sand spreading amount, which is the actual sand spreading amount of the locomotive sand box in this instance. The anomaly diagnosis module is used to extract key statistical features based on the monitored sand output of the sand gun, and to perform anomaly diagnosis of the locomotive sand box based on the extracted key statistical features.

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