Organic matter bacterial fertilizer for three-dimensional planting of saffron crocus as well as preparation method and application of organic matter bacterial fertilizer

Abstract

The invention provides an organic matter bacterial fertilizer for three-dimensional planting of saffron crocus and a preparation method and application thereof.The preparation method of the organic matter bacterial fertilizer for three-dimensional planting of saffron crocus comprises the steps that a rice husk charcoal carrier, an EM active bacterium solution, a microelement solution and a humic acid solution are prepared; mixing the mixture with decomposed livestock and poultry manure, vegetable protein meal and seaweed meal, aging, granulating and drying to obtain a decomposed organic fertilizer; the decomposed organic fertilizer is mixed with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, pseudomonas aeruginosa YY322 and penicillium CS2, and the organic matter bacterial fertilizer for three-dimensional planting of saffron crocus is obtained. The high-performance carrier is prepared by accurately controlling the rice husk carbonization process, the high-activity bacterial liquid is obtained by optimizing the EM bacteria fermentation process, the EM bacteria are fully colonized on the rice husk carbon carrier mixed with the trace elements through the specific mixing and after-ripening process, and finally the organic matter bacterial fertilizer containing the trace elements and capable of remarkably promoting the growth of saffron crocus is prepared.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to organic microbial fertilizer technology, and more particularly to an organic microbial fertilizer for three-dimensional planting of saffron, its preparation method and application. Background Technology

[0002] With over-harvesting, global warming, and future invasive species, the shortage of wild saffron in China is becoming increasingly prominent. Organic fertilizers, microbial agents, and auxiliary agents have received widespread attention because they can promote saffron growth, enhance its stress resistance, improve fertilizer utilization, and realize the high-value resource utilization of agricultural waste.

[0003] Rice husks are a common agricultural waste; direct return to the field results in slow decomposition and may carry pathogens. Carbonizing rice husks into biochar produces biochar, which is characterized by its well-developed pores, large specific surface area, strong adsorption capacity, and high stability, making it an excellent microbial carrier and soil conditioner. EM (Effective Microorganisms) is a compound microbial agent composed of various beneficial microorganisms such as photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and actinomycetes. It effectively decomposes organic matter and inhibits soil-borne diseases, thereby protecting saffron. The selenium and ferrous ions contained in the trace elements synergistically enhance the activity of beneficial microorganisms and improve the stress resistance and nutritional quality of saffron.

[0004] Currently, the preparation of microbial fertilizers by combining biochar with microbial inoculants is a research hotspot. However, existing technologies often have the following problems: 1. Improper control of the rice husk carbonization process can easily lead to over-carbonization (ashing) or under-carbonization, affecting its performance as a microbial carrier.

[0005] 2. Inaccurate control of the fermentation and propagation process of EM bacteria leads to low bacterial activity and an imbalance in the bacterial population ratio.

[0006] 3. The mixing method of microbial inoculum and carrier material is simple, which fails to achieve effective colonization of microorganisms and results in poor fertilizer longevity.

[0007] 4. The fertilizer formula is too simple and fails to fully utilize the synergistic effect of biochar, EM bacteria and other organic nutrients.

[0008] 5. The reducing properties of ferrous ions can easily lead to an imbalance in the expected nutrient ratio.

[0009] 6. Inter-bacterial synergy is prone to imbalance.

[0010] Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a process for making trace element organic microbial fertilizer and a rice husk charcoal production device suitable for saffron three-dimensional planting, which has controllable process, high microbial activity, and long-lasting and stable fertilizer effect. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to address the above-mentioned problems by proposing a method for preparing organic microbial fertilizer for three-dimensional planting of saffron. This method prepares a high-performance carrier by precisely controlling the carbonization process of rice husks, optimizes the fermentation process of EM bacteria to obtain a highly active bacterial solution, and through specific mixing and post-ripening processes, enables EM bacteria to fully colonize on the rice husk carbon carrier mixed with trace elements, ultimately producing an organic microbial fertilizer containing trace elements that can significantly promote the growth of saffron.

[0012] It should be noted that, in this invention, unless otherwise specified, the specific meaning of "comprising" in relation to composition and description includes both open-ended meanings such as "comprising," "including," etc., and closed-ended meanings such as "composed of," "consisting of," etc., and similar meanings.

[0013] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is: a method for preparing organic microbial fertilizer for three-dimensional planting of saffron, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of rice husk char carrier. Rice husks are carbonized under N2 protection, cooled, and pulverized to obtain rice husk char. Step 2: Preparation of EM active bacterial solution. Under aseptic conditions, inoculate the original EM bacteria into the culture medium and incubate at 35±2℃ for 5-7 days. Step 3: Preparation of trace element solution. Dissolve chelated iron compound and selenium compound in deionized water, adjust pH to 6.5-7.5, and filter to obtain trace element solution; Step 4: Preparation of humic acid solution. Dissolve humic acid powder in deionized water, add acid to adjust the pH value to 5.5-6.5, and filter to obtain humic acid solution. Step 5: Mixing and granulating the organic microbial fertilizer. The rice husk carbon carrier, the EM active bacterial solution, the trace element solution, the humic acid solution, the decomposed livestock and poultry manure, the plant protein meal and the seaweed powder are mixed, aged, granulated and dried to obtain the organic microbial fertilizer for saffron three-dimensional planting.

[0014] Further, in step 1, the carbonization temperature is 380-450 ℃, and the carbonization time is 40-60 min.

[0015] Further, in step 1, the heating rate of the carbonization is 5-10℃ / min.

[0016] Further, in step 1, the cooling is carried out in a sealed cooling chamber, through which cold nitrogen gas is introduced for rapid cooling to below room temperature.

[0017] Further, in step 1, the rice husk charcoal particle size is 0.5-3 mm.

[0018] Further, in step 1, after crushing, the pH value of the rice husk charcoal is adjusted to 6.5-7.5.

[0019] Further, in step 1, the pH value is adjusted by spraying organic acid.

[0020] Further, in step 1, the organic acid is acetic acid.

[0021] Further, in step 2, the culture medium comprises: 10 wt.% brown sugar, 0.5 wt.% yeast extract, 0.1 wt.% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05 wt.% magnesium sulfate, and the remainder is water.

[0022] Further, in step 2, the EM source bacteria are one or more of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, and actinomycetes.

[0023] Further, in step 2, the culture is carried out under intermittent aeration and stirring.

[0024] Further, in step 2, the intermittent aeration and stirring is intermittent stirring for 10-20 minutes per hour, with a stirring speed of 50-100 rpm and an aeration rate of 0.1-0.2 vvm.

[0025] Furthermore, the chelated iron compound in step 3 is ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetate.

[0026] Furthermore, the content of chelated iron compounds in the trace element solution described in step 3 is 0.1-0.3 wt.%.

[0027] Furthermore, the selenium compound mentioned in step 3 is sodium selenite.

[0028] Furthermore, the content of selenium compounds in the trace element solution described in step 3 is 0.01-0.03 wt.%.

[0029] Further, in step 4, the humic acid powder is potassium humate and / or sodium humate.

[0030] Further, in step 4, the purity of the humic acid powder is ≥80%.

[0031] Further, in step 4, the mass ratio of the humic acid powder to water is 1:150-1:300.

[0032] Further, in step 4, the acid is an aqueous solution of citric acid.

[0033] Further, in step 4, the concentration of the citric acid aqueous solution is 5-10 ml / L.

[0034] Further, in step 5, the mass ratio of each component is: 40-60 parts of the rice husk char carrier; 10-20 portions of the EM active bacterial solution; 5-10 parts of the humic acid solution; 5-10 parts of the trace element solution; 20-30 portions of well-rotted livestock and poultry manure; 10-15 parts of plant protein meal; 5-10 parts seaweed powder.

[0035] Further, in step 5, the preferred mass ratio of each component is: 45-55 parts of the rice husk char carrier; 12-16 portions of the EM active bacterial solution; The humic acid solution is 6-8 parts; The trace element solution is 6-8 parts; 22-26 portions of well-rotted livestock and poultry manure; 12-14 parts of plant protein meal; 6-8 parts seaweed powder.

[0036] Further, in step 5, the plant protein meal is rapeseed meal and / or soybean meal.

[0037] Further, in step 5, the decomposed livestock and poultry manure is cow manure and / or chicken manure.

[0038] Further, in step 5, during mixing, the solid raw materials—rice husk charcoal carrier, decomposed livestock and poultry manure, rapeseed cake, and seaweed powder—are stirred and mixed; at the same time, EM active bacteria solution and trace element solution are sprayed onto the solid materials being stirred and mixed.

[0039] Further, in step 5, the aging temperature is 30-40℃, and the aging time is 5-7 days. During the aging period, the pile is turned over once a day to provide oxygen, dissipate heat, and promote the proliferation and colonization of EM bacteria in the pores of the rice husk charcoal.

[0040] Further, in step 5, the particle size of the granulated organic microbial fertilizer is 4-6 mm.

[0041] Furthermore, in step 5, the drying temperature is ≤50℃, and the moisture content of the organic microbial fertilizer after drying is less than 15-20%.

[0042] Another objective of this invention is to disclose an organic microbial fertilizer for three-dimensional planting of saffron, which is prepared using the above-described preparation method.

[0043] Another objective of this invention is to disclose the application of an organic microbial fertilizer for saffron three-dimensional planting in the field of saffron three-dimensional planting.

[0044] Furthermore, the method for using organic microbial fertilizer for three-dimensional saffron cultivation is as follows: The auxiliary bacteria were cultured by using organic microbial fertilizer, which is used for three-dimensional planting of saffron, as a base fertilizer. First, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were mixed with the base fertilizer, and then Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Penicillium were added. The mixture was then used for three-dimensional planting of saffron.

[0045] Furthermore, a compound fertilizer with an organic matter microbial fertilizer content of ≥30% used for saffron three-dimensional planting is used as a base fertilizer.

[0046] Furthermore, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are mixed with the base fertilizer at a ratio of 1:50 to 1:100.

[0047] Furthermore, the *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* is *Pseudomonas aeruginosa* YY322.

[0048] Furthermore, the Penicillium is Penicillium CS2.

[0049] Furthermore, dilute the Pseudomonas aeruginosa YY322 inoculum 50-100 times.

[0050] Furthermore, dilute the Penicillium CS29 inoculant 50-100 times.

[0051] Further, first mix the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with the base fertilizer, wait 10-15 minutes, and then add Pseudomonas aeruginosa YY322 and Penicillium CS2.

[0052] Furthermore, the water content of the system is adjusted to 20-30% after mixing.

[0053] Furthermore, the organic microbial fertilizer used for saffron vertical planting needs to be applied within 12 hours; when applying, cover with 5-10cm of soil, and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi need to come into contact with the plant roots to form symbiotic mycorrhizae.

[0054] Another object of the present invention discloses a carbonization device for organic microbial fertilizer used in three-dimensional saffron cultivation, see [link to device]. Figure 1 The system includes a feeding system, a horizontal rotary reactor, a nitrogen injection system, a temperature control system, an exhaust system, and a discharge cooling system. This carbonization device ensures that rice husks are uniformly carbonized in an oxygen-deficient environment, forming rice husk char rich in pores and with a suitable pH value, thus avoiding high-temperature ashing.

[0055] This invention relates to an organic microbial fertilizer for saffron three-dimensional planting, its preparation method, and its application, falling under the fields of agricultural biotechnology and fertilizer processing. Specifically, it relates to a highly efficient organic microbial fertilizer using carbonized rice husk as the main carrier, incorporating multiple functional microbial communities (EM bacteria), trace elements (selenium-rich, ferrous ions), humic acid, and auxiliary bacteria. Specifically, this invention has the following advantages compared to existing technologies: 1) Excellent carrier performance: This invention prepares rice husk charcoal through an oxygen-limited low-temperature carbonization process. Its pore structure is rich and its adsorption capacity is strong, providing a huge habitat surface and physical protection for EM bacteria, effectively extending the survival time of the inoculant.

[0056] 2) High activity of microbial agents: This invention optimizes the EM bacteria fermentation formula and temperature-controlled aeration fermentation process to ensure the total number of live bacteria and high activity of the propagation liquid, providing an efficient functional basis for microbial fertilizer.

[0057] 3) Good colonization effect: The present invention adopts a specific bacterial liquid atomization spraying combined with aging and ripening process to promote the further reproduction and colonization of beneficial microorganisms in the mixture, especially in the pores of rice husk charcoal, which greatly improves the stability and durability of the product.

[0058] 4) Comprehensive nutrition: The formula of this invention integrates organic matter, functional microorganisms, humic acid and a variety of trace elements, which can synergistically inhibit pathogens, promote the development of saffron roots and nutrient absorption, enhance the plant's resistance to stress, and achieve increased yield and improved quality.

[0059] 5) Waste utilization and environmental protection: This invention effectively utilizes agricultural waste such as rice husks, turning waste into treasure and realizing resource recycling, which is in line with the development direction of green circular agriculture.

[0060] 6) The auxiliary role of auxiliary bacteria: Using auxiliary bacteria to enhance the stress resistance of saffron, promote the absorption of nutrients by saffron, and promote the growth of saffron.

[0061] The method for preparing organic microbial fertilizer for three-dimensional saffron cultivation has good application prospects and large-scale promotion potential in the field of three-dimensional saffron cultivation. Attached Figure Description

[0062] Figure 1 This is a front view of the rice husk carbonization device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a left view of the rice husk carbonization device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a top view of the rice husk carbonization device of the present invention; Figure 4 This refers to the operating state of the rice husk carbonization device during the reaction. Figure 5 This is the working state of the rice husk carbonization device during material discharge; Figure 6 This is the main view of the saffron three-dimensional planting rack; Figure 7 This is a 3D diagram of a saffron three-dimensional planting rack; Figure 8 This is a left view of a saffron three-dimensional planting rack; Figure 9 This is an overhead view of a saffron three-dimensional planting rack.

[0063] Among them, 1-spiral discharge bucket; 2-discharge port cover; 3-connecting rod; 4-sealing gasket (copper); 5-feeding conveyor belt; 6-motor; 7-flange; 8-bracket; 9-feed port cover 2; 10-pressure gauge; 11-bolt assembly; 12-nut assembly; 13-bolt assembly; 14-collection bucket; 21-shaft; 22-gear; 23-gear bracket; 24-profile 1; 25-profile 2; 26-base profile; 27-tooth chain 1; 28-tooth chain 2; 29-bracket; 30-small bracket; 31-pallet-1. Detailed Implementation

[0064] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments. The description of the technical features described below is based on representative embodiments and specific examples of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments and specific examples. It should be noted that: Unless otherwise stated, all units used in this specification are international standard units, and all numerical values ​​and ranges appearing in this invention should be understood to include systematic errors that are unavoidable in industrial production.

[0065] In this specification, the range of values ​​referred to as "value A to value B" refers to the range including the endpoint values ​​A and B.

[0066] In this specification, the numerical range indicated by "above" or "below" refers to the numerical range that includes the stated number.

[0067] In this specification, the word "may" has two meanings: to perform a certain process and not to perform a certain process.

[0068] In this specification, the terms "optional" or "optional" are used to indicate the use or omission of certain substances, components, procedures, application conditions, etc.

[0069] In this instruction manual, when "room temperature" or "room temperature" is used, the temperature can be 15-25℃.

[0070] Unless otherwise specified, all reagents or instruments used in this instruction manual are commercially available products.

[0071] This invention discloses a method for preparing organic microbial fertilizer for three-dimensional planting of saffron, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of rice husk char carrier: 1.1 Pretreatment: Dry and clean rice husks are transported to the feed hopper of the carbonization unit; 1.2 Low-temperature oxygen-limited carbonization: Rice husks are fed into a horizontal rotary carbonization furnace. Under the condition of a limited amount of nitrogen gas (as a protective gas), the temperature is raised to 380-450℃ at a heating rate of 5-10℃ / min, and carbonized at this temperature for 40-60 minutes. 1.3 Cooling and Crushing: After carbonization, the rice husk charcoal is transferred to a sealed cooling chamber through the discharge system and rapidly cooled to below room temperature by introducing cold nitrogen gas; then, the cooled rice husk charcoal is crushed into particles with a particle size of 0.5-3mm using a crusher.

[0072] 1.4 After cooling and crushing step 1.3, measure the pH value of the rice husk charcoal. If the pH is too high, a small amount of dilute organic acid (such as acetic acid) solution can be sprayed lightly to adjust it to neutral to slightly acidic (pH 6.5-7.5), and then it can be stored in a dry place for later use.

[0073] Step 2, Preparation of EM active bacterial solution: 2.1 Preparation of fermentation medium: Prepare the following medium: 10 wt.% brown sugar, 0.5 wt.% yeast extract, 0.1 wt.% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05 wt.% magnesium sulfate, with the remainder being water. Dissolve the above ingredients in water, stir well, heat to 100℃ for sterilization for 20 minutes, and then cool to below 35℃. 2.2 Inoculation and fermentation: Under aseptic conditions, the EM original strain was inoculated into the cooled culture medium at 5% of the total weight of the culture medium, and then injected into a fermenter with aeration, stirring and temperature control functions. 2.3 Temperature-controlled fermentation: The fermentation temperature is controlled at 35±2℃, with intermittent stirring and micro-aeration, and fermentation is carried out for 5-7 days.

[0074] 2.4 After temperature-controlled fermentation in step 2.3, use a hemocytometer to examine the cells under a microscope. The total number of viable bacteria should be ≥10^9 CFU / mL. Once the standard is met, the cells can be used, or they can be sealed and stored in a cool, dark place.

[0075] Step 3, Preparation of trace element solution: 3.1 Dissolving chelated iron: Add 0.1%-0.3% of the chelated iron compound to an appropriate amount of deionized water and stir thoroughly with a stirrer until completely dissolved; 3.2 Adding a selenium source: Slowly add 0.01%-0.03% of the selenium compound to the chelated iron solution, and continue stirring to ensure that the selenium compound is fully dissolved and uniformly mixed with the chelated iron; 3.3 Adjust the pH value: Use a pH meter to measure the pH value of the solution and adjust the pH value to the range of 6.5-7.5; 3.4 Filtration and storage: Filter the prepared solution through filter paper or filter membrane to remove any undissolved impurities. Store the filtered solution in a sealed container, avoiding light and high temperature.

[0076] Step 4: Preparation of humic acid solution: 4.1 Prepare raw materials: Select powdered humic acid with a purity of ≥80% and prepare the materials according to the ratio of humic acid powder: water = 1:200.

[0077] 4.2 Adjusting pH: Humic acid is more soluble in acidic environments. A small amount of citric acid needs to be added to the water to adjust the pH to 5.5-6.5 before adding the humic acid powder. 4.3 Stirring and soaking: Stir thoroughly for 10-15 minutes to ensure the powder is dispersed; then cover and let stand for 24-48 hours, stirring once every 8 hours during this period to allow the humic acid to fully dissolve and form a brownish-red solution.

[0078] 4.4 Filtration and Removal: Filter the solution with gauze to remove undissolved residues, and finally obtain a clear humic acid solution.

[0079] Step 5: Mixing and granulating the organic microbial fertilizer: 5.1 Formula Mixing: Prepare the raw materials according to the following weight ratio: 40-60 parts of the rice husk char carrier; 10-20 portions of the EM active bacterial solution; 5-10 parts of the humic acid solution; 20-30 portions of well-rotted livestock and poultry manure; 10-15 parts of plant protein meal; 5-10 parts of trace element solution; 5-10 parts seaweed powder.

[0080] All the above solid raw materials (rice husk charcoal carrier, decomposed livestock and poultry manure, rapeseed cake, and seaweed powder) are put into a twin-shaft paddle mixer and mixed thoroughly.

[0081] 5.2 Bacterial solution spraying: The EM active bacterial solution and trace element solution are evenly sprayed onto the mixed solid materials through a high-pressure atomizing nozzle to ensure that the bacterial solution and materials are in full contact.

[0082] 5.3 Aging: The mixed wet material coated with bacterial solution is transported to a constant-temperature aging workshop, piled into heaps no more than 1.5 meters high, and the temperature is controlled at 30-40℃ for aging and composting for 5-7 days. During this period, the heap is turned over once a day to provide oxygen, dissipate heat, and promote the proliferation and colonization of EM bacteria in the pores of rice husk charcoal.

[0083] 5.4 Granulation and Packaging: After aging, the material is fed into a disc granulator or a double-roller extrusion granulator for granulation (particle size can be selected as 4-6mm). After granulation, it is dried at a low temperature (≤50℃) until the moisture content is less than 15%, and finally cooled, weighed and packaged to obtain the finished organic microbial fertilizer.

[0084] Step 6: Cultivation of auxiliary bacteria: 6.1 Pretreatment of fertilizer substrate: Use compound fertilizer with ≥30% well-rotted organic fertilizer as the substrate. 6.2 Batch mixing of microbial agents: Step 1: Mix AMF with base fertilizer at a ratio of 1:50-1:100. AMF should be in direct contact with the soil. Avoid rubbing vigorously during mixing to prevent spore damage.

[0085] Step 2: After 10-15 minutes, add Pseudomonas aeruginosa YY322 (diluted 50 times) and Penicillium CS29 (diluted 50 times), and quickly stir evenly to avoid local hypoxia caused by prolonged stacking of the three bacteria.

[0086] 6.3 Control the environment and timeliness: After mixing, keep the fertilizer moisture content at 20%-30% and apply it within 12 hours; cover with 5-10cm of soil when applying. AMF needs to come into contact with plant roots to form symbiotic mycorrhizae.

[0087] This invention provides a process for producing a micronutrient-rich organic microbial fertilizer for saffron three-dimensional planting, along with a rice husk charcoal production device and a three-dimensional planting device. First, in the rice husk charcoal production device, rice husks are converted into a high-performance rice husk charcoal carrier through a precisely controlled oxygen-limited low-temperature carbonization process. Then, highly active EM (Effective Microorganisms) bacterial solution is propagated by optimizing fermentation conditions. Next, rice husk charcoal, micronutrients (enriched with selenium and ferrous ions), organic matter (such as well-rotted manure and oilseed cake), humic acid solution, and EM bacterial solution are mixed in a specific ratio. After aging to allow effective colonization of microorganisms, the mixture is granulated and dried to produce the finished microbial fertilizer. Finally, a mixture of AMD (Acid Alternaria) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa YY322 and Penicillium CS29 is mixed with the above fertilizer and soil in stages according to the specified ratio. The microbial fertilizer prepared by this method organically combines the physical adsorption advantages of rice husk charcoal, the biological functions of EM bacteria, the synergistic enhancement of EM bacteria activity by micronutrients, and the functional assistance of auxiliary bacteria. It can effectively promote saffron growth, enhance saffron stress resistance, and improve fertilizer utilization, achieving high-value resource utilization of agricultural waste.

[0088] Carbonization device for organic microbial fertilizer used in three-dimensional saffron cultivation, such as Figure 1-5As shown, the apparatus includes a feeding system, a horizontal rotary reactor, a nitrogen injection system, a temperature control system, an exhaust system, and a discharge cooling system. This carbonization device ensures that rice husks are uniformly carbonized in an oxygen-deficient environment, forming rice husk char rich in pores and with a suitable pH value, thus avoiding high-temperature ashing.

[0089] 1-Spiral discharge bucket; 2-Discharge port cover; 3-Connecting rod; 4-Sealing gasket (copper); 5-Feeding conveyor belt; 6-Motor; 7-Flange; 8-Bracket; 9-Inlet cover 2; 10-Pressure gauge; 11-Bolt assembly; 12-Nut assembly; 13-Bolt assembly; 14-Collection bucket.

[0090] Composition and function of each working part: The automatic feeding and discharging hopper of the present invention includes an automatic rotating discharging hopper driven by a motor, an automatic movable feeding conveyor belt device, a support with freely adjustable height, and a sealed discharge port cover with pressure display.

[0091] An automatic movable feeding conveyor belt device transports raw materials via 5-conveyor belt to the upper feed port of 1-spiral discharge bucket.

[0092] The motor-driven automatic rotating discharge tank heats the raw materials within a sealed space. The reaction temperature is regulated by built-in heating pipes. After the reaction is complete, the spiral discharge tank (6-motor-driven 1-spiral discharge tank) rotates, and the reactants are discharged using internal spiral baffles. A flange interface connects to a nitrogen pipeline.

[0093] The automatically height-adjustable support can reduce the resistance when the reactor rotates by using built-in steel columns.

[0094] The pressure-displaying sealed outlet cover can release the pressure inside the reactor to a safe range, and the 4-sealing gasket (copper) on the outlet cover plays a sealing role.

[0095] A movable collection tank is used to collect the reaction products from the spiral discharge tank into the tank for subsequent transportation.

[0096] Connection method: The automatic mobile feeding conveyor belt device includes a conveyor belt, a feeding platform, and pulleys. The conveyor belt, feeding platform, and pulleys are connected by welding.

[0097] The motor-driven automatic rotary discharge reactor includes a spiral discharge tank (1), a motor (6), a flange (7), a nut assembly (12), and a bolt assembly (11). The motor (6) and the spiral discharge tank (1) are connected by gears, the flange (7) and the main body of the spiral discharge tank (1) are connected by bolts, and the track and the spiral discharge tank (1) are connected by welding.

[0098] The pressure-displaying sealed discharge port cover, the copper ring and the cover are connected by a slot, the 10-pressure gauge and the cover are connected by a thread, and the cover and the spiral discharge bucket are connected by a bracket with a track.

[0099] The height-adjustable bracket includes a support frame and pulleys, which are connected by welding.

[0100] The movable collection bin consists of a bin body and pulleys, which are connected by welding.

[0101] The saffron three-dimensional planting device used in this invention, such as... Figure 6-9 As shown.

[0102] 21-Shaft, 22-Gear, 23-Gear bracket, 24-Profile 1, 25-Profile 2, 26-Base profile, 27-Gear chain 1, 28-Gear chain 2, 29-Bracket, 30-Small bracket, 31-Pattern 1.

[0103] Composition and function of each working part The three-dimensional planting device of the present invention includes a toothed chain assembly, a support device, and an assembly tray assembly.

[0104] Gear chain assembly: It can rotate the entire 31-pallet-1 by applying force to the gear below.

[0105] Support device: Provides stable support for the overall frame and provides equal support for each tray, realizing equidistant three-dimensional planting.

[0106] Combined tray device: provides a stable growing environment for saffron.

[0107] Connection method Gear chain assembly: 21-shaft, 22-gear, 27-gear chain 1, 28-gear chain 2. The gear and gear chain are connected by gear chain meshing, and the shaft and gear are connected by splines.

[0108] Supporting device: 23-gear bracket, 24-profile 1, 25-profile 2, 26-base profile. Profile 1 and profile 25 are connected by welding, and profile 1 and base profile 26 are connected by welding.

[0109] Combination pallet assembly: 29-bracket, 30-small bracket, 31-pallet-1. 29-bracket and 30-small bracket are connected by bolts, and 30-small bracket and 31-pallet-1 are connected by bolts. Example 1

[0110] This embodiment discloses a method for preparing organic microbial fertilizer for three-dimensional planting of saffron, including the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of Rice Husk Charcoal: Take 1000 kg of dried rice husks and transport them to the upper inlet of the spiral discharge hopper using an automatic feeding conveyor belt (5). Close the inlet cover (2) and introduce nitrogen gas into the spiral discharge hopper through the flange (7). After the air is expelled, seal the spiral discharge hopper and heat it to 400°C at 8°C / min through the heating channel inside the hopper. Maintain the temperature for 50 minutes. After cooling, measure the pH to be 8.0. Lightly spray a 100-fold diluted edible acetic acid solution through the upper inlet of the spiral discharge hopper to adjust the pH to 7.2, obtaining approximately 300 kg of rice husk charcoal carrier. Open the outlet cover (2) and adjust the rice husk carbonization device to the desired position using the linkage (3). Figure 3 In the discharge state, start motor 6, rotate screw discharge bucket 1, and send rice husk charcoal to collection bucket 14 at the outlet through the internal screw discharge plate.

[0111] Step 2: Propagation of EM culture: Prepare 1000 kg of culture medium (100 kg brown sugar, 5 kg yeast extract, 1 kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 kg magnesium sulfate, 893.5 kg water), sterilize and cool, then inoculate with 50 kg of EM stock. Ferment at 35℃ with intermittent stirring and micro-aeration for 6 days, and the viable cell count reached 1.2 × 10^9 CFU / mL.

[0112] Step 3: Preparation of Trace Element Solution Dissolve chelated iron: Add 0.2% chelated iron compound to an appropriate amount of deionized water. Stir thoroughly with a stirrer until completely dissolved.

[0113] Add selenium source: Slowly add 0.025% selenium compound to the chelated iron solution. Continue stirring to ensure the selenium compound is fully dissolved and evenly mixed with the chelated iron.

[0114] Adjust the pH value: Use a pH meter to measure the pH value of the solution. Adjust the pH value to the range of 6.5-7.5.

[0115] Filtration and Storage: Filter the prepared solution through filter paper or a filter membrane to remove any undissolved impurities. Store the filtered solution in a sealed container, away from light and high temperatures.

[0116] Step 4: Preparation of humic acid solution Prepare raw materials: Select powdered humic acid with a purity of ≥80% and prepare the materials according to the ratio of humic acid:water = 1:200.

[0117] Adjusting pH: Humic acid is more soluble in acidic environments. Add a small amount of citric acid to the water (5-10 ml of citric acid per liter of water) to adjust the pH to 5.5-6.5 before adding the humic acid powder.

[0118] Stirring and soaking: Stir thoroughly for 15 minutes to ensure the powder is dispersed; then cover and let stand for 48 hours, stirring once every 8 hours to allow the humic acid to dissolve completely and form a brownish-red solution.

[0119] Filtration and residue removal: Filter the solution with gauze to remove undissolved residue, and finally obtain a clear humic acid solution.

[0120] Step 5: Preparation and Production of Microbial Fertilizer: Take 500 kg of the above-mentioned rice husk charcoal carrier, 250 kg of well-rotted cow manure, 150 kg of rapeseed cake, and 80 kg of seaweed powder, and mix them in a mixer. Take 200 kg of the above-mentioned EM bacterial solution, 200 kg of humic acid solution, and 200 kg of trace element solution, and spray them onto the mixture using atomization. Stack the mixture in a 35℃ aging workshop for 6 days, turning it over daily. Finally, granulate, dry at low temperature, and cool to obtain approximately 1040 kg of finished organic microbial fertilizer.

[0121] Step 6, Cultivation of auxiliary bacteria: Take about 100 kg of the above organic microbial fertilizer, mix it with 200 kg of soil, let it stand for one hour until the humic acid solution has completely penetrated, add 6 kg of mixed AMF, let it stand for fifteen minutes, then mix 2 kg of Pseudomonas aeruginosa YY322 and 2 kg of Penicillium CS29 together, stir quickly to avoid the three bacteria from piling together for a long time, which could lead to local hypoxia, and then spread it 20 cm on the vertical planting rack.

[0122] Plant growth: Saffron treated with microbial fertilizer has a more developed root system, darker greener and stronger leaves, and stronger resistance to diseases and pests; plants that are not treated may be weaker and more susceptible to disease.

[0123] Yield and quality: Saffron stigmas grown with microbial fertilizer have thicker and brighter stigmas, while unused stigmas may be thinner and have a relatively lower yield.

[0124] Soil condition: Long-term use of microbial fertilizer can improve soil structure, increase soil fertility and aeration; unused soil may gradually become compacted, and its fertility will decrease with the number of plantings.

[0125] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an organic microbial fertilizer for three-dimensional planting of saffron, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of rice husk char carrier. Rice husks are carbonized under N2 protection, cooled, and pulverized to obtain rice husk char. Step 2: Preparation of EM active bacterial solution. Under aseptic conditions, inoculate the original EM bacteria into the culture medium and incubate at 35±2℃ for 5-7 days. Step 3: Preparation of trace element solution. Dissolve chelated iron compound and selenium compound in deionized water, adjust pH to 6.5-7.5, and filter to obtain trace element solution; Step 4: Preparation of humic acid solution. Dissolve humic acid powder in deionized water, add acid to adjust the pH value to 5.5-6.5, and filter to obtain humic acid solution. Step 5: Mixing and granulating the organic microbial fertilizer. The rice husk carbon carrier, the EM active bacterial solution, the trace element solution, the humic acid solution, the decomposed livestock and poultry manure, the plant protein meal and the seaweed powder are mixed, aged, granulated and dried to obtain the organic microbial fertilizer for saffron three-dimensional planting.

2. The method for preparing organic microbial fertilizer for three-dimensional planting of saffron according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 1, the carbonization temperature is 380-450 ℃, and the carbonization time is 40-60 min; And / or, the heating rate of the carbonization is 5-10 °C / min; And / or, the cooling is a closed cooling chamber, through which cold nitrogen gas is introduced for rapid cooling to below room temperature; And / or, the rice husk charcoal particle size is 0.5-3 mm; And / or, after crushing, adjust the pH of the rice husk charcoal to 6.5-7.

5.

3. The method for preparing organic microbial fertilizer for three-dimensional planting of saffron according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 2, the culture medium comprises: 10 wt.% brown sugar, 0.5 wt.% yeast extract, 0.1 wt.% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05 wt.% magnesium sulfate, and the remainder is water; And / or, the EM source bacteria are one or more of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes; And / or, cultured under intermittent aeration and stirring.

4. The method for preparing organic microbial fertilizer for three-dimensional planting of saffron according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chelated iron compound mentioned in step 3 is ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetate; And / or, the content of chelated iron compounds in the trace element solution is 0.1-0.3 wt.%. And / or, the selenium compound is sodium selenite; And / or, the content of selenium compounds in the trace element solution is 0.01-0.03 wt.%.

5. The method for preparing organic microbial fertilizer for three-dimensional planting of saffron according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 4, the humic acid powder is potassium humate and / or sodium humate; And / or, the mass ratio of the humic acid powder to water is 1:150-1:300; And / or, the acid is an aqueous solution of citric acid.

6. The method for preparing organic microbial fertilizer for three-dimensional planting of saffron according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 5, the mass ratio of each component is: 40-60 parts of the rice husk char carrier; 10-20 portions of the EM active bacterial solution; 5-10 parts of the humic acid solution; 5-10 parts of the trace element solution; 20-30 portions of well-rotted livestock and poultry manure; 10-15 parts of plant protein meal; 5-10 parts seaweed powder.

7. The method for preparing organic microbial fertilizer for three-dimensional planting of saffron according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 5, the plant protein meal is rapeseed meal and / or soybean meal; And / or, the decomposed livestock and poultry manure is cow manure and / or chicken manure; And / or, during mixing, the solid raw materials: rice husk charcoal carrier, decomposed livestock and poultry manure, rapeseed cake and seaweed powder are stirred and mixed; at the same time, EM active bacteria solution and trace element solution are sprayed onto the solid materials being stirred and mixed. And / or, the aging temperature is 30-40℃, and the aging time is 5-7 days; And / or, the particle size of the organic matter microbial fertilizer after granulation is 4-6 mm; And / or, the drying temperature is ≤50℃, and the moisture content of the organic microbial fertilizer after drying is less than 15-20%.

8. An organic microbial fertilizer for three-dimensional planting of saffron, characterized in that, It is prepared by the preparation method described in any one of claims 1-7.

9. The application of the organic microbial fertilizer for saffron three-dimensional planting as described in claim 8 in the field of saffron three-dimensional planting.

10. The application according to claim 9, characterized in that, The method for three-dimensional planting of saffron using organic microbial fertilizer is as follows: use the organic microbial fertilizer for three-dimensional planting of saffron as the base fertilizer; first mix the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with the base fertilizer, then add Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Penicillium, and then use the mixture for three-dimensional planting of saffron.

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