A device and method for detecting roundness of a heat-treated shaft

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of workpiece roundness detection, and provides a heat treatment shaft workpiece roundness detection device and detection method, which comprises a base; an end clamping device comprises a first clamping piece rotatably arranged on the base and a second clamping piece movably arranged on the base, the second clamping piece can move along the axial direction of the shaft workpiece to clamp the shaft workpiece together with the first clamping piece, and the first clamping piece is used to drive the shaft workpiece to rotate; an upper probe is floatingly arranged on the top of the base and is used to floatingly contact the circumferential wall of the shaft workpiece to measure the short diameter point of the shaft workpiece; an upper pressing piece can be lowered to press above the short diameter point of the shaft workpiece to limit the upward movement of the shaft workpiece; a lower probe is floatingly arranged on the base and is used to floatingly contact the circumferential wall of the shaft workpiece to detect the long diameter point of the shaft workpiece when the shaft workpiece rotates and obtain the difference between the long axis length and the short axis length of the shaft workpiece, so that the detection error is effectively reduced, the separation interference term is reduced, the calculation path is simplified, and the intuitiveness and reliability of the detection result are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of workpiece roundness detection technology, specifically to a roundness detection device and method for heat-treated shaft parts. Background Technology

[0002] As core transmission components in mechanical equipment, shaft parts directly affect the transmission accuracy, operational stability, and service life of the equipment due to their straightness and cross-sectional roundness. In the machining process of shaft parts, machining operations such as turning and grinding can precisely ensure the straightness of the shaft and the roundness of each cross-section, meeting the initial design accuracy requirements. Meanwhile, heat treatment processes such as quenching and tempering are crucial and indispensable for improving the material strength, hardness, and wear resistance of shaft parts. This process requires heating the shaft to a high temperature of 800-900℃, followed by cooling to achieve recrystallization of the metal structure and performance optimization.

[0003] However, during the heat treatment process, the internal grain boundary structure and structural stress of the shaft metal are redistributed, inevitably resulting in two types of deformation: one is the bending deformation of the shaft as a whole, which manifests as the originally straight shaft exhibiting an irregular wavy shape; the other is the deformation of the cross-sectional shape, that is, the perfectly circular cross-section that was precisely guaranteed during the machining stage is transformed into an ellipse or other non-circular shape after heat treatment.

[0004] To address the bending deformation problem after heat treatment, the core function of existing shaft straightening machines is to correct the bending tendency of the shaft by applying external force, restoring the bent shaft to the required straightness. However, existing straightening machines can only correct the overall bending deformation of the shaft and cannot solve the cross-sectional roundness error caused by heat treatment. That is, for elliptical cross-sections, existing straightening machines lack a corresponding correction mechanism and cannot restore non-circular cross-sections to perfect circles.

[0005] Since the roundness of the cross-section of shaft parts directly affects the assembly accuracy of their mating components such as bearings and sleeves, non-circular cross-sections can lead to uneven assembly clearances, vibration and noise during operation, accelerated component wear, and shorten the overall service life of the equipment. At the same time, for high-precision transmission scenarios such as precision machine tools and engineering machinery, the precision defects caused by elliptical cross-sections can directly affect the transmission efficiency and operating accuracy of the equipment, failing to meet the usage requirements of high-end equipment.

[0006] In summary, existing straightening machines can only correct the straightness of shafts and cannot solve the cross-sectional roundness error caused by heat treatment. They have limitations in terms of single function and insufficient adaptability. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To overcome the above-mentioned defects, embodiments of the present invention provide a roundness detection device and method for heat-treated shafts, which solves the technical problem that existing straightening machines can only correct the straightness of shafts and cannot solve the cross-sectional roundness error caused by heat treatment, resulting in limited functionality and insufficient adaptability.

[0008] According to one aspect, at least one embodiment of the present invention provides a roundness detection device for heat-treated shaft components, comprising: a base;

[0009] The end clamping device includes a first clamping member rotatably mounted on a base and a second clamping member movably mounted on the base. The second clamping member can move along the axial direction of the shaft to cooperate with the first clamping member to clamp the shaft. The first clamping member is used to drive the shaft to rotate.

[0010] The upper probe, which is raised and floats at the top of the base and extends downward, is used to float and contact the peripheral wall of the shaft to measure the minor diameter point of the shaft.

[0011] The upper pressing member is lifted and positioned on the top of the base. The upper pressing member can be lowered to press against the short diameter point of the shaft to restrict the upward movement of the shaft.

[0012] The lower probe is raised and lowered and floats on the base, corresponding to the upper probe. The lower probe is used to float and contact the circumferential wall of the shaft to detect the major axis position of the shaft and obtain the difference between the major axis length and the minor axis length when the shaft rotates.

[0013] For example, in a heat-treated shaft roundness detection device provided in at least one embodiment of the present invention, the end clamping device further includes an insertion tool;

[0014] The insertion fixture includes an insertion part for inserting into the shaft hole of a shaft and an abutment plate connected to the outer end of the insertion part;

[0015] The second clamping member has a ball-head abutment portion, which is used to abut against the abutment end plate to accommodate the vertical offset of the shaft during rotation.

[0016] For example, in a heat-treated shaft roundness detection device provided in at least one embodiment of the present invention, the insertion part is cylindrical, and the diameter of the insertion part is equal to or less than the inner diameter of the shaft.

[0017] For example, in a heat-treated shaft roundness detection device provided in at least one embodiment of the present invention, there are two side pressing members, which are used to press against both sides of the shaft and restrict the lateral displacement of the shaft.

[0018] For example, in a heat-treated shaft roundness detection device provided in at least one embodiment of the present invention, the side pressing member and the upper pressing member are arranged at an angle in the circumferential direction of the shaft member, and the angle is 60°~90°.

[0019] For example, in a heat-treated shaft roundness detection device provided in at least one embodiment of the present invention, the side pressing member elastically presses against the circumferential side wall of the shaft.

[0020] For example, in at least one embodiment of the present invention, a roundness detection device for heat-treated shafts further includes:

[0021] There are two lower support members, both of which are raised and lowered on the base. The lower support members are used to elastically abut against the circumferential wall of the shaft to support the shaft. The lower support members and the upper pressing members are arranged alternately along the axial direction of the shaft.

[0022] For example, in a heat-treated shaft roundness detection device provided in at least one embodiment of the present invention, the upper pressing member, the side pressing member, and the lower support member are all rotating wheels.

[0023] For example, in at least one embodiment of the present invention, a roundness detection device for heat-treated shafts further includes:

[0024] The support platform is mounted on the base and is used to support the shaft. The support platform has a through-hole for the probe to move up and float against the circumferential wall of the shaft.

[0025] According to another aspect, at least one embodiment of the present invention provides a method for detecting the roundness of heat-treated shaft components, using a heat-treated shaft component roundness detection device, comprising the following steps:

[0026] S1. Use the first clamping member and the second clamping member to clamp the shaft member along the axial direction, and define the rotation axis of the first clamping member as the horizontal reference line;

[0027] S2. Move the upper probe above the part of the shaft to be measured, and further move the upper probe down until it floats and contacts the shaft.

[0028] S3. Drive the first clamping member to rotate so as to drive the shaft to rotate synchronously, and record the floating displacement of the upper probe. The minimum floating displacement of the upper probe corresponds to the short diameter point of the shaft.

[0029] S4. Move the upper probe away from the shaft, drive the upper pressing part to abut against the short diameter point of the shaft to restrict the shaft from moving upward, and drive the lower support part to rise to support the shaft.

[0030] S5. Move the lower probe, which corresponds to the upper probe, so that it floats and abuts against the shaft from bottom to top.

[0031] S6. Drive the first clamping member to rotate so that the shaft rotates synchronously, and record the floating displacement of the probe relative to the horizontal baseline. The maximum floating displacement of the lower probe corresponds to the major diameter point of the shaft.

[0032] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0033] In this invention, the upper pressing member locks the height of the shaft. When the long shaft rotates to this area, the rigid locking of the upper pressing member forces the shaft to move downward as a whole. At this time, the downward movement of the shaft is determined by the difference between the long and short shafts. By locking the reference, the detection error is reduced from more than 0.02mm to the range of 0.01-0.02mm. At the same time, the calculation path is simplified, no additional interference terms need to be separated, and the intuitiveness and reliability of the detection results are improved. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some exemplary embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the content of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention and these drawings without any creative effort.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a roundness detection device for heat-treated shaft parts in one embodiment of the present invention (the upper probe is used for detection).

[0036] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure of part A in the diagram;

[0037] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a heat-treated shaft roundness detection device in one embodiment (the upper pressing part limits the height).

[0038] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified schematic diagram of the partial structure of B in the diagram;

[0039] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the second clamping member and the insertion tooling in the embodiment;

[0040] Figure 6 for Figure 1 In the embodiment, line diagrams are shown for shaft height restriction and shaft height restriction without shaft axis offset;

[0041] Figure 7 for Figure 1 A line diagram illustrating the absence of height limitation on the shaft when the shaft axis is offset in the embodiment;

[0042] Figure 8 for Figure 1 A line diagram illustrating the height limitation of the shaft when the shaft axis is offset in the embodiment;

[0043] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the probe driving mechanism for reference in this invention;

[0044] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of an elastic structure for reference in this invention.

[0045] In the figure: 100, base; 110, guide rail; 200, end clamping device; 210, first clamping member; 220, second clamping member; 221, ball head abutment part; 230, insertion fixture; 231, insertion part; 232, abutment end plate; 310, upper probe; 320, lower probe; 400, shaft; 410, radial section position; 420, minor diameter point; 430, major diameter point; 500, upper pressing member; 600, side pressing member; 700, lower support member; 800, support platform; 810, probe port; 900, elastic mechanism; 1000, probe driving mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it.

[0047] To keep the drawings concise, each drawing only schematically shows the parts relevant to the invention; these do not represent the actual structure of the product. Furthermore, for ease of understanding, in some drawings, only one of components with the same structure or function is schematically shown, or only one is labeled. In this document, "one" not only means "only one," but can also mean "more than one," and "several" includes "two" and "more than two."

[0048] In this document, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0049] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0050] In the description of this embodiment, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0051] Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0052] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this invention illustrates a roundness detection device for heat-treated shaft components according to an embodiment of the present invention. After heat treatment, the shaft component 400 undergoes deformation, resulting in a local radial section 410 that is not a complete circle, but rather an irregular circle, often tending towards an ellipse, which is a roundness deviation. For ease of description, the irregular circle in the following analysis will be represented by an ellipse. An ellipse has a major axis and a minor axis, corresponding to a minor axis point 420 and a major axis point 430 on the shaft component 400. The roundness accuracy requirements for the assembly parts on the shaft component 400 are relatively strict; therefore, the roundness detection device in this example is needed to detect the roundness of these parts. During the roundness detection process, in addition to the irregularity of the local radial section circle, the eccentricity problem also needs to be considered, i.e., the axis of the local radial section may not be coaxial with the axes at both ends of the shaft component 400. Figures 7-8 As shown ( Figure 7 and Figure 8 The shaft 400 in the figure is not a straight line as shown in the figure. In addition to the situation shown in the figure, it also includes the situation where the two ends of the shaft 400 are coaxial but the part to be measured is relatively eccentric. This will cause problems with roundness change and shaft offset. Shaft offset means that the entire shaft 400 is not a straight line, but has a slight curvature.

[0053] This example presents a roundness testing device for heat-treated shaft components, comprising a base 100 and an end clamping device 200 disposed on the base 100. The end clamping device 200 includes a first clamping member 210 rotatably disposed on the base 100 and a second clamping member 220 movably disposed on the base 100. Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, one end of the first clamping member 210 can be directly connected to a drive motor, which drives the first clamping member 210 to rotate, thereby causing the shaft 400 to rotate. One end of the second clamping member 220 can be connected to a linear drive component, such as a cylinder, which can push the second clamping member 220 to move axially, thereby pushing the shaft 400 closer to the first clamping member 210. The aforementioned drive motor and linear drive component are both conventional drive elements and can be installed on... Figure 1 The guide rail 110 of the base 100 is not shown in the figure to better illustrate the core concept. In a possible example, an axial moving drive device can also be provided for the first clamping member 210, so that the first clamping member 210 and the second clamping member 220 can move towards each other to clamp the shaft member 400. The shaft member 400 mentioned in this example has an axially penetrating hole.

[0054] The base 100 is also equipped with an upper probe 310 and a lower probe 320 that are raised and lowered. The raising and lowering floating device, such as a guide rail slider with an elastic reset component or a cylinder-driven floating structure, is a conventional implementation method. Figure 9 The diagram illustrates a reference probe drive mechanism 1000, wherein the upper probe 310 and the lower probe 320 are respectively equipped with independent lifting and horizontal drive components, and are not integrated into the design. Figure 1 As shown in the diagram, the probes can be selected according to actual conditions and are not limited here. The detection ends of the upper probe 310 and the lower probe 320 face the circumferential sidewall of the shaft 400 for direct contact with the surface of the shaft 400. An upper pressing member 500 is also vertically mounted on the base 100. The upper pressing member 500 is assembled on the base 100 via a lifting drive mechanism, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the lifting drive mechanism can be a cylinder, a screw jack, etc., which are conventional implementation methods and can be selected according to the actual situation. No limitation is made here. The pressing end of the upper pressing member 500 is located above the shaft member 400 and can form a rigid abutment with the shaft member 400 after lifting.

[0055] Specifically, the first clamping member 210 and the second clamping member 220 are used to clamp the shaft 400 axially. The axis of rotation of the first clamping member 210 is defined as the horizontal reference line. The upper probe 310 is moved above the part of the shaft 400 to be measured, and then further moved down until it floats against the shaft 400. The first clamping member 210 is driven to rotate so that the shaft 400 rotates synchronously. The floating displacement of the upper probe 310 is recorded. The minimum floating displacement of the upper probe 310 (relative to the horizontal reference line) corresponds to the minor diameter point 420 of the shaft 400. After detecting the minor diameter point 420, the position of the shaft 400 is kept unchanged, the upper probe 310 is moved away, and the upper pressing member 500 is moved to approach and abut against the minor diameter point 420 detected by the upper probe 310. Then, the height position of the upper pressing member 500 is locked to forcibly restrict the shaft 400 from moving towards the target area. The displacement of the upper pressing member 500 in the direction forms an immovable detection reference surface. Further, the lower probe 320, which corresponds to the upper probe 310, is moved so that it floats and abuts against the shaft 400 from bottom to top. The first clamping member 210 is activated again, causing the shaft 400 to rotate at a constant speed. The maximum height of the shaft 400 is locked during the rotation. When the long axis of the shaft 400 gradually rotates to below the upper pressing member 500, the length of the long axis is greater than that of the short axis. The upper pressing member 500 will push the long axis part downward due to the height lock, forcing the shaft 400 to move down as a whole. When the shaft 400 moves down as a whole, the lower probe 320 will move down synchronously. The shaft 400 continues to rotate. During the entire rotation cycle, the difference between the maximum downward displacement of the lower probe 320 (relative to the horizontal reference line) and the minimum downward displacement is the difference between the long and short axes of the shaft 400, reflecting the roundness deviation.

[0056] In summary, such as Figures 6-8 As shown, heat-treated shafts 400 commonly exhibit deformations such as eccentricity and bending. If positioned solely by the end clamping device 200, the eccentricity will cause additional displacement interference when the shaft 400 rotates. Specifically, in traditional solutions, the shaft 400 is simply clamped and fixed at both ends by two conical tips. The assembly part located between the two ends may be eccentric to the axis of the two ends. Assuming that the assembly part is elliptical and the center of the ellipse is eccentric to the two ends of the shaft 400, in actual testing, if the reference of the assembly part is not limited, i.e., the maximum height is limited, the displacement curve of the probe 320 will be asymmetrical and subject to interference from the eccentricity. It is necessary to further calculate the increase or decrease in displacement amplitude based on the data, even under the assumption of a standard ellipse. If it is an irregular shape, the amount of calculation and interference value will be even greater.

[0057] exist Figure 6In the example shown, if the shaft 400 is straight, that is, the axis is not bent, the state without height limit is shown and the state with height limit are shown. Without height limit, the difference between the major and minor axes is twice the floating displacement of the lower probe 320 from the side opposite to the minor axis point 420 to the major axis point 430. With height limit, the floating displacement of the lower probe 320 is the difference between the major and minor axes.

[0058] exist Figure 7 In the example shown, if shaft 400 experiences axial misalignment and is not height-limited, the displacement curve of lower probe 320 will be asymmetrical, as can be seen from the horizontal line, exhibiting changes in displacement amplitude. Figure 7 In the diagram, P1 represents the displacement of the lower probe 320 during its first major-minor axis switching, and P2 represents the displacement of the lower probe 320 during its second major-minor axis switching. The difference between the major and minor axes is defined as U. Therefore, both |1-2P1 / U| and |1-2P2 / U| are approximately 16%, indicating an error of around 16%. Figure 8 In the example shown, if the shaft 400 experiences axial offset and is height-limited, and the difference between the major and minor axes is defined as U, and the displacement of the lower probe 320 in the channel 8 during major and minor axis switching is X, then |1-X / U| is approximately 1%, meaning the error value is around 1%.

[0059] The rigid locking of the upper pressing component 500 forces the shaft component 400 to move downwards as a whole. The amount of downward movement of the shaft component 400 is determined by the difference between the major and minor axes. By locking the reference, the detection error is reduced from above 0.02mm to the range of 0.01-0.02mm. At the same time, the calculation path is simplified, eliminating the need for additional separation of interference terms, thus improving the intuitiveness and reliability of the detection results. Figures 6-8 To clearly demonstrate the roundness variation of the radial cross-section of the shaft, an ellipse is used as an example, and the shape is exaggerated. In reality, the deviation is at the micrometer level.

[0060] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the end clamping device 200 includes a first clamping member 210, a second clamping member 220, and an insertion fixture 230. The first clamping member 210 has a conical tip, the tip of which is inserted into the inner hole of one end of the shaft 400 to form a centering contact, providing axial support for the shaft 400. The conical structure allows the shaft 400 to rotate around its own axis. The insertion fixture 230 is connected to the inner hole through a cylindrical insertion part 231 with a clearance or transition fit, that is, the outer diameter of the cylindrical insertion part 231 is less than or equal to the inner diameter of the shaft 400. The abutting end plate 232 of the insertion fixture 230 provides a uniform force carrier for the ball abutting part 221, avoiding damage to the inner hole caused by the second clamping member 220 directly contacting the shaft 400, while buffering the clamping force. The second clamping member 220 has a ball-head abutment portion 221. The first clamping member 210 and the second clamping member 220 are located at the two ends of the shaft member 400, respectively. The second clamping member 220 forms a sliding abutment fit with the abutment end plate 232 of the insertion tool 230 through the ball-head end face of the ball-head abutment portion 221, transmitting axial clamping force. The ball-head structure can adapt to the slight tilt of the abutment end plate 232 caused by the deformation of the shaft member 400, avoiding the generation of radial additional force, while allowing the insertion tool 230 to produce a slight angular offset when rotating with the shaft member 400, ensuring smooth rotation.

[0061] Specifically, if the inner holes at both ends of the shaft 400 are not aligned due to heat treatment deformation, i.e., there is a slight offset in the axis, in this case, if both ends of the shaft 400 are positioned using tapered tips, the rigid tapered structures of the two tips will either force the tips to squeeze the inner holes, causing radial bending stress on the shaft and resulting in shaft tilting; or the tips will not fit tightly with the inner holes, causing radial runout of the shaft during rotation. To avoid or reduce the negative impact of this problem, in this solution, the left tapered tip is used as the main positioning reference, and the right side is set as a ball head abutment 221. When there is a deviation in the axis at both ends of the shaft 400, the ball head abutment 221 can slide slightly along the abutment end plate 232 to adjust the abutment angle to match the axis deviation, avoid generating additional radial force, and easily ensure the horizontality of the shaft.

[0062] It should be noted that, regarding the explanation that one end has already achieved height positioning through a tapered tip, the upper pressing part 500 can still achieve height limitation:

[0063] 1. The height deviation of shaft 400 caused by heat treatment is about 0.02mm, which is a micro-level displacement. This level of deviation will not cause obvious rigid friction or wear between the upper pressing part 500 and shaft 400, or between the conical tip and the inner hole of shaft 400.

[0064] 2. After heat treatment, the inner holes at both ends of the shaft 400 are not perfectly circular, exhibiting irregular deformation. This results in the tapered tip not forming a perfectly fitted, clearance-free fit with the inner hole wall, leaving a slight clearance. This clearance provides the tapered tip with adaptive fine-tuning space. When the upper pressing member 500 applies rigid pressure to the shaft 400, the tapered tip can undergo slight displacement relative to the inner hole of the shaft 400, without hindering the height limit of the upper pressing member 500 due to the positioning effect of the tip.

[0065] 3. The other end of the shaft 400 adopts a mating method of insertion fixture 230 and ball head abutment 221. The distance between the insertion fixture 230 and ball head abutment 221 and the part to be measured is closer than that of the first clamping member 210. The ball head abutment 221 can slide flexibly along the abutment end plate 232 of the insertion fixture 230 to transmit axial clamping force and does not restrict the slight adjustment of the shaft 400 in the height direction. This design avoids the locking of the height of the shaft 400 by traditional double-sided rigid positioning, so that the shaft 400 can respond to the abutment force of the upper abutment member 500 to achieve slight height displacement, ensuring that the upper abutment member 500 can accurately lock the preset reference height.

[0066] Furthermore, the two side pressing members 600 and the upper pressing member 500 are all integrated into the same slide, which is indirectly connected to the device base 100. The slide is driven by a cylinder, which can move the two side pressing members 600 and the upper pressing member 500 radially (front-back direction) along the shaft 400 and vertically. Specifically, with the center of the shaft 400 as the center, the upper pressing member 500 is located above the shaft 400, and the two side pressing members 600 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the shaft 400, forming a radial constraint area. The side pressing members 600 have an elastic mechanism 900, such as... Figure 10The image shows an elastic mechanism 900, which has a groove containing a spring and a slider. One end of a rotating wheel's shaft can be mounted on the slider. Alternatively, an elastic cylinder can be used. The side-blocking members 600 are rotating wheels, which can be wheel bodies or bearings. The bearings can be used in conjunction with the elastic mechanism 900. The wheel body can have an elastic layer attached to its outer circumference; this elastic layer can be polyurethane, etc., to accommodate elastic deformation while reducing rotational friction; no specific limitation is made here. The two side-blocking members 600 form a flexible abutment with the circumferential sidewalls of the shaft member 400 through elastic force, restricting the lateral displacement of the shaft member 400 in the left-right direction. It should be noted that this lateral displacement is more of an auxiliary support than a rigid restriction, and it does not hinder the rotation of the shaft member 400 around its own axis, adapting to the undulating deformation of the non-circular cross-section of the shaft member 400. The cross-section of the heat-treated shaft 400 is often irregular and non-circular, such as elliptical or with local protrusions. If the side abutment 600 uses rigid side abutment, the unevenness of the sidewall will cause excessive local force, damaging the shaft 400 or causing it to detach from the abutment and lose its constraint. Elastic abutment, through its own material or the preload of springs and other mechanisms, keeps the side abutment 600 in contact with the sidewall of the shaft 400, limiting radial displacement and avoiding secondary deformation caused by rigid contact. Specifically, the circumferential angle between the side abutment 600 and the upper abutment 500 is 60°~90°. If the angle is <60°, the side abutment 600 is close to the upper abutment 500, and the constraint area is concentrated in the upper part of the shaft 400, making the lower part prone to wobbling. If the angle is >90°, the side abutment 600 is biased towards the lower sides of the shaft 400, and the angle formed by the force vector with the upper abutment 500 is too large, causing the constraint forces to cancel each other out and leading to limit failure. The included angle of 60°~90° makes the elastic constraint force of the side pressing member 600 and the rigid pressure of the upper pressing member 500 form a stable triangular force, and the radial constraint covers the upper half of the shaft member 400.

[0067] Furthermore, both the lower support 700 and the support platform 800 are mounted on the base 100 via a lifting drive mechanism, such as a lead screw or cylinder. The lower support 700 can also be a bearing or a wheel, elastically abutting against the shaft 400. The elasticity can be the same as that of the upper pressing member 500. The lower support 700 and the upper pressing member 500 are arranged alternately along the axial direction of the shaft 400, meaning that the support point of the lower support 700 and the pressing point of the upper pressing member 500 do not overlap in the length direction of the shaft 400. The supporting force of the lower support 700 and the pressure of the upper pressing member 500 form a distributed force along the axial direction of the shaft 400, providing a stable rotational foundation for testing. The support platform 800 has a detection port 810, which allows the lower probe 320 to float and abut against the shaft 400, ensuring accuracy during detection and providing a stable force carrier during correction, preventing the shaft 400 from shifting and causing the error to increase. The function of the support platform 800 is that during the roundness deviation detection process, the support platform 800 does not support the shaft 400, but there is a certain gap between the support platform 800 and the shaft 400. The effective structure is the detection port 810 inside, which provides space for the detection of the lower probe 320. When a roundness deviation is detected, the lower probe 320 is first moved so that the lower probe 320 is hidden in the detection port 810 or moved out of the detection port 810. Then, the arc-shaped part of the support platform 800 supports the shaft 400, and then the pressure block is used to press down to correct the roundness.

[0068] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for detecting the roundness of heat-treated shaft parts, characterized in that, include: Base (100); The end clamping device (200) includes a first clamping member (210) rotatably disposed on the base (100) and a second clamping member (220) movably disposed on the base (100). The second clamping member (220) is rotatable along the axial direction of the shaft (400) to cooperate with the first clamping member (210) to clamp the shaft (400). The first clamping member (210) is used to drive the shaft (400) to rotate. The upper probe (310) is floatingly mounted on the top of the base (100) and extends downward, for floating contact with the peripheral wall of the shaft (400) to measure the minor diameter point (420) of the shaft (400); An upper pressing member (500) is raised and lowered on the top of the base (100). The upper pressing member (500) can be lowered to press against the short diameter point (420) of the shaft (400) to restrict the upward movement of the shaft (400). The lower probe (320) is floatingly mounted on the base (100) and is positioned vertically and vertically corresponding to the upper probe (310). The lower probe (320) is used to float in contact with the peripheral wall of the shaft (400) to detect the major axis position (430) of the shaft (400) and obtain the difference between the major axis length and the minor axis length of the shaft (400) when the shaft (400) rotates. The end clamping device (200) further includes an insertion tool (230); The insertion fixture (230) includes an insertion part (231) for insertion into the shaft hole of the shaft (400) and an abutment end plate (232) connected to the outer end of the insertion part (231); The second clamping member (220) has a ball head abutment portion (221), which is used to abut against the abutment end plate (232) to cooperate with the vertical offset of the shaft (400) during rotation; The insertion part (231) is cylindrical, and the diameter of the insertion part (231) is equal to or less than the inner diameter of the shaft (400).

2. The roundness detection device for heat-treated shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: There are two side pressing members (600), which are used to press against both sides of the shaft (400) respectively, and the side pressing members (600) are used to restrict the lateral displacement of the shaft (400).

3. The roundness detection device for heat-treated shaft parts according to claim 2, characterized in that, The side pressing member (600) and the upper pressing member (500) are arranged at an angle to each other in the circumferential direction of the shaft member (400), with the included angle being 60°~90°.

4. The roundness detection device for heat-treated shaft parts according to claim 3, characterized in that, The side abutment (600) elastically abuts against the circumferential sidewall of the shaft (400).

5. The roundness detection device for heat-treated shaft parts according to claim 2, characterized in that, Also includes: There are two lower support members (700), both of which are raised and lowered on the base (100). The lower support members (700) are used to elastically abut against the peripheral wall of the shaft member (400) to support the shaft member (400). The lower support members (700) and the upper pressing member (500) are arranged alternately along the axial direction of the shaft member (400).

6. The roundness detection device for heat-treated shaft parts according to claim 5, characterized in that, The upper pressing member (500), the side pressing member (600), and the lower support member (700) are all rotating wheels.

7. The roundness detection device for heat-treated shaft parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A support platform (800) is raised and lowered on the base (100). The support platform (800) is used to support the shaft (400). The support platform (800) has a vertically penetrating detection port (810). The detection port (810) is used for the lower probe (320) to move up to float and abut against the peripheral wall of the shaft (400).

8. A method for detecting the roundness of heat-treated shaft parts, characterized in that, Using the roundness testing device for heat-treated shaft parts according to any one of claims 1-7 includes the following steps: S1. The first clamping member (210) and the second clamping member (220) are used to clamp the shaft member (400) in an axial manner, and the rotation axis of the first clamping member (210) is defined as the horizontal reference line. S2. Move the upper probe (310) above the part to be measured on the shaft (400), and further move the upper probe (310) down to float and abut against the shaft (400); S3. Drive the first clamping member (210) to rotate so as to drive the shaft (400) to rotate synchronously, and record the floating displacement of the upper probe (310), wherein the minimum floating displacement of the upper probe (310) corresponds to the short diameter point of the shaft (400). S4. Move the upper probe (310) away from the shaft (400) and drive the upper pressing member (500) to abut against the short diameter point of the shaft (400) to restrict the shaft (400) from moving upward. S5. Move the lower probe (320) that corresponds to the upper probe (310) vertically, so that it floats and abuts against the shaft (400) from bottom to top; S6. Drive the first clamping member (210) to rotate so as to drive the shaft (400) to rotate synchronously, and record the floating displacement of the lower probe (320) relative to the horizontal baseline, wherein the maximum floating displacement of the lower probe (320) corresponds to the major diameter point of the shaft (400).

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