Bridge line shape testing method and device based on continuous multi-section rotation angle measurement

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of bridges, in particular to a bridge alignment test method and device based on continuous multi-section corner measurement, and the method comprises the following steps: employing a corner measurement device to measure section corner data of different positions in the moving direction of a bridge; obtaining a distance-corner relation, and obtaining bridge segment parameters; the bridge segment parameters comprise the total bridge segment number, the length of each bridge segment and the section corner of each bridge segment; calculating the line shape of the tested bridge according to the bridge segment parameters; calculating a first relative height difference between the starting point and the ending point of the bridge according to the line shape of the tested bridge, and measuring a second relative height difference between the starting point and the ending point of the bridge through a level gauge; according to the first relative height difference, the second relative height difference and the bridge segment parameters, the correction amount of the bridge line shape is calculated; and correcting the line shape of the tested bridge according to the correction amount of the line shape of the bridge to obtain a corrected actual line shape of the bridge.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge technology, and in particular to a bridge alignment testing method and apparatus based on continuous measurement of rotation angles of multiple cross sections. Background Technology

[0002] Bridge alignment is a direct indicator of a bridge's overall performance. Traditional methods for measuring bridge alignment include precision leveling, dial gauge methods, and total station methods. With technological advancements, many common modern measurement methods have emerged, such as laser methods, connecting tube methods, photoelectric imaging methods, and inclinometer methods. Traditional methods suffer from drawbacks such as being time-consuming, labor-intensive, and difficult to operate. While modern measurement methods have improved upon some of these shortcomings, they still have limitations and scope of application in practical situations.

[0003] Among the many modern measurement methods, bridge deflection measurement based on the rotation principle is still in its early stages of development and its application has not yet been widely adopted. This method works by measuring the vertical rotation angles at multiple control points on the bridge using an inclinometer, and then calculating the deflection value from these angles based on a specific mathematical model. Commonly used mathematical model calculation methods include: least squares method, cubic spline interpolation method, and integral method.

[0004] In existing technologies, during actual operation, each inclinometer is required to be placed at a designated location. Then, based on multiple inclinometer values ​​corresponding to multiple designated points, the deflection value of the test point is obtained by fitting an inclinometer function. This method mostly uses quarter-point or eighth-point placement. However, due to theoretical limitations, it is impossible to test the deflection at arbitrary cross-sectional locations during actual testing. Alternatively, multiple inclinometers need to be placed on the bridge span structure. If an ideal accuracy linear test is required, many measuring points need to be connected in series, resulting in a large investment in equipment and a complex installation process.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a bridge alignment testing method and device based on continuous multi-section rotation angle measurement to solve or at least alleviate the above-mentioned defects. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The main objective of this invention is to provide a bridge alignment testing method and apparatus based on continuous measurement of rotation angles of multiple cross sections, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of the present invention provides a bridge alignment testing method based on the measurement of rotation angles of multiple consecutive cross-sections, comprising the following steps: S1, acquire the cross-sectional rotation angle data at different positions along the bridge's movement direction; obtain the distance-rotation angle relationship and obtain the bridge segment parameters; wherein, the bridge segment parameters include the total number of bridge segments, the length of each bridge segment, and the cross-sectional rotation angle of each bridge segment; S2, Calculate and test the bridge alignment based on the bridge segment parameters; S3, calculate the first relative elevation difference between the starting and ending points of the bridge based on the test bridge alignment; S4, obtain the second relative elevation difference between the starting point and the ending point of the bridge, and calculate the correction amount of the bridge alignment based on the first relative elevation difference, the second relative elevation difference and the bridge segment parameters; S5, the test bridge alignment in step S2 is corrected according to the correction amount of the bridge alignment to obtain the corrected actual bridge alignment.

[0008] Preferably, in step S1, a rotation angle measuring device is used to move from the starting point to the ending point on the surface of the bridge being measured to obtain the distance-rotation angle relationship.

[0009] Preferably, the formula is used. Calculate the bridge alignment for testing, where y represents the bridge alignment, x is the distance between the measured location and the starting point, k is the number of intervals, and a is the interval length. Let k be the length of the bridge segment k. Let be the cross-sectional rotation angle of the k-th bridge segment.

[0010] Preferably, the formula is used. Calculate the first relative height difference, when When the calculation result is the first relative height difference, where Let n be the length of the k-th bridge segment, and n be the total number of bridge segments. Let be the cross-sectional rotation angle of the k-th bridge segment.

[0011] Preferably, the formula is used. Calculate the correction amount for bridge alignment. ,in, For positional deviation, The first relative elevation difference, The second relative elevation difference is given by x, where x is the distance between the measured location and the starting point, and L is the total length of the bridge.

[0012] Preferably, in step S5, the formula is used. The bridge alignment in step S2 is corrected to obtain the corrected actual bridge alignment. .

[0013] A second aspect of the present invention also provides a rotation angle measuring device, applied to a bridge alignment testing method based on rotation angle measurements of multiple consecutive cross sections, comprising: A first connecting plate and a second connecting plate, wherein the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are hinged together; Multiple tires are respectively installed on the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate; A first inclinometer and a second inclinometer, wherein the first inclinometer is mounted on the first connecting plate and the second inclinometer is mounted on the second connecting plate; A Hall sensor, connected to the tire, is used to record the number of rotations of the tire; The controller is electrically connected to the first inclinometer, the second inclinometer, and the Hall sensor.

[0014] Preferably, it further includes a counterweight mechanism, which is installed on the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate; the counterweight mechanism is used to press the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate tightly, so that the tire is in close contact with the bridge surface.

[0015] Preferably, the counterweight mechanism includes: Counterweight plate; Multiple positioning rods, the first ends of which are respectively installed on the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate, and the second ends of which pass through the counterweight plate; Multiple springs are provided, with one spring fitted on each positioning rod. The first end of each spring abuts against the first connecting plate or the second connecting plate, and the other two ends of each spring abut against the counterweight plate.

[0016] Preferably, the counterweight plate has an adjustment groove through which the positioning rod passes; the adjustment groove is used to prevent interference between the positioning rod and the counterweight plate.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The cross-sectional rotation angle data of the bridge can be obtained by walking on the bridge using a rotation angle measuring device; the linearity of the bridge can be calculated by using the cross-sectional rotation angle data; compared with the traditional method that requires multiple inclinometers to be set up in multiple locations, this method is simpler and more economical.

[0018] (2) The bridge alignment was corrected by measuring the second relative height difference between the starting and ending points of the bridge using a level instrument, and the actual bridge alignment was finally obtained; this eliminated the error caused by the angle measuring device. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1This is a flowchart illustrating a testing method in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a linear transformation algorithm in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the angle measuring device in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is another structural schematic diagram of the angle measuring device in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] The objectives, features, and advantages of this invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] Explanation of icon numbers: 1. First connecting plate; 2. Second connecting plate; 3. Tire; 4. First inclinometer; 5. Second inclinometer; 6. Controller; 7. Counterweight plate; 701. Adjustment groove; 8. Positioning rod; 801. Threaded part; 9. Spring; 10. Limit nut. Detailed Implementation

[0023] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] In this invention, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but only on the basis of being achievable by those skilled in the art. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0026] Example 1: Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention provides a bridge alignment test method based on continuous multi-section rotation angle measurement in one embodiment, comprising the following steps: S1. Using a rotation angle measuring device, the cross-sectional rotation angle data at different positions along the direction of bridge movement are measured; the distance-rotation angle relationship is obtained, and the bridge segment parameters are obtained; the bridge segment parameters include the total number of bridge segments, the length of each bridge segment, and the cross-sectional rotation angle of each bridge segment; when collecting the cross-sectional rotation angle data of the object being measured, the sampling interval should be set in advance, and at the specified time interval points, the rotation angle data and distance data are collected simultaneously; S2, calculate the test bridge alignment based on the bridge segment parameters; when calculating the test bridge alignment, a calculation interval needs to be set, and the calculation interval should be less than or equal to the sampling interval set when collecting corner data.

[0027] S3, calculate the first relative elevation difference between the starting point and the ending point of the bridge based on the test bridge alignment, and measure the second relative elevation difference between the starting point and the ending point of the bridge using a level. S4, calculate the correction amount of the bridge alignment based on the first relative elevation difference, the second relative elevation difference and the bridge segment parameters; S5, the test bridge alignment in step S2 is corrected according to the correction amount of the bridge alignment to obtain the corrected actual bridge alignment.

[0028] The angle measuring device has a built-in inclinometer. By moving along the bridge, the device can collect cross-sectional angle data at different positions along the direction of bridge movement. The relationship between time, distance, and angle can be obtained from the cross-sectional angle data, and then the alignment of the test bridge can be calculated. However, the test bridge alignment has errors, so it is necessary to calculate the correction amount to correct the test bridge alignment, thereby obtaining the actual bridge alignment. Furthermore, this method can also be used to measure the alignment of the surface of the structural elements of roads, bridge main towers, arch ribs, main spans, and other structures.

[0029] The advantages of adopting the proposed solution are as follows: (1) The cross-sectional rotation angle data of the bridge can be obtained by walking on the bridge using a rotation angle measuring device; the linearity of the bridge can be calculated by using the cross-sectional rotation angle data; compared with the traditional method that requires multiple inclinometers to be set up in multiple locations, this method is simpler and more economical.

[0030] (2) The bridge alignment was corrected by measuring the second relative height difference between the starting and ending points of the bridge using a level instrument, and the actual bridge alignment was finally obtained; this eliminated the error caused by the angle measuring device.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, in step S1, a rotation angle measuring device is used to move from the starting point to the ending point on the surface of the bridge being measured, obtaining the time-distance-rotation angle relationship. Through continuous data acquisition, the rotation angle data of the cross-section at multiple consecutive locations can be obtained. It should be noted that the rotation angle measuring device needs to move continuously on the bridge deck or the surface of the bridge structure being measured; through continuous data acquisition, the rotation angle data of the cross-section at multiple consecutive locations can be obtained.

[0032] As a preferred embodiment, the formula is adopted. Calculate the bridge alignment for testing, where y represents the bridge alignment, x is the distance between the measured location and the starting point, k is the number of intervals, and a is the interval length. Let k be the length of the bridge segment k. Let be the cross-sectional rotation angle of the k-th bridge segment. The bridge structure is divided into n segments, corresponding to segment 1, segment 2, ..., segment k-1, segment k, segment k+1, ..., segment n respectively. The bridge alignment is a function of the vertical position of a point in the bridge span direction and the distance x from the starting point. As a preferred embodiment, the formula is adopted. Calculate the bridge alignment for testing, where y represents the bridge alignment, x is the distance between the measured location and the starting point, k is the number of intervals, and a is the interval length. Let k be the length of the bridge segment k. Let be the cross-sectional rotation angle of the k-th bridge segment.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment, the formula is adopted. Calculate the correction amount for bridge alignment. ,in, For positional deviation, The first relative elevation difference, Let x be the second relative elevation difference, x be the distance between the measured location and the starting point, and L be the total length of the bridge. The correction amount for the bridge alignment at a distance x from the starting point is... .

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, in step S5, the formula is used. The bridge alignment in step S2 is corrected to obtain the corrected actual bridge alignment. .

[0035] Example 2: Please see Figure 3 and Figure 4 An angle measuring device provided in one embodiment of the present invention is applied to the bridge alignment test method based on continuous multi-section angle measurement as described in Embodiment 1, comprising: A first connecting plate 1 and a second connecting plate 2 are hinged together. Multiple tires 3 are respectively installed on the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2; six tires 3 are provided, and three drive shafts are provided. The first drive shaft is installed on the first connecting plate 1, and tires 3 are installed at both ends of the first drive shaft; the second drive shaft is installed between the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2, and the second drive shaft also serves to hinge the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2, and tires 3 are installed at both ends of the second drive shaft; the third drive shaft is installed on the second connecting plate 2, and tires 3 are installed at both ends of the third drive shaft. A first inclinometer 4 and a second inclinometer 5 are mounted on the first connecting plate 1 and the second inclinometer 5 is mounted on the second connecting plate 2. The measuring range of the first inclinometer 4 and the second inclinometer 5 is 0° to 360°, and a testing accuracy of ±0.02° is sufficient to meet the measurement requirements. Of course, using a more accurate first inclinometer 4 and a second inclinometer 5 would result in higher measurement accuracy, but the cost would also be higher. The first inclinometer 4 and the second inclinometer 5 are used to collect rotation angle data. A Hall sensor (not shown in the figure) is connected to the tire 3 and is used to record the number of rotations of the tire 3; the Hall sensor is also used to collect distance data. The controller 6, the first inclinometer 4, the second inclinometer 5 and the Hall sensor are electrically connected to the controller 6 respectively.

[0036] In this embodiment, tire 3 is used to travel on the bridge surface. During the travel, the Hall sensor records the number of rotations of tire 3 and converts the number of rotations of tire 3 into the distance traveled. When the first, second, and third drive shafts rotate at a certain angle to the horizontal plane, at the same time, the inclinometers fixed on the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 will also rotate at the same angle. At this time, the first inclinometer 4 and the second inclinometer 5 on the connecting plate directly measure the angle of inclination. This angle is the deflection angle between the cross section of the measured structure and the plumb line. When the angle measuring device moves from the beginning to the end of the bridge, the relationship between the bridge distance and the angle of rotation can be output.

[0037] Furthermore, it also includes a counterweight mechanism, which is installed on the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2; the counterweight mechanism is used to press the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 tightly, so that the tire 3 is in close contact with the bridge surface.

[0038] In this embodiment, the counterweight mechanism is used to press the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 tightly, so that the tire 3 is in close contact with the bridge surface, preventing the tire 3 from jumping during movement and causing the tire 3 to leave the ground, resulting in measurement errors. In order to ensure the accuracy of the measurement, the turning angle measuring device should not travel at a speed higher than 1m / s during measurement. If the travel speed is too fast, the vibration of the entire device will be too large, which will affect the measurement data.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, the counterweight mechanism includes: Counterweight plate 7; Multiple positioning rods 8, the first ends of the multiple positioning rods 8 are respectively installed on the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2, and the second ends of the multiple positioning rods 8 pass through the counterweight plate 7; Multiple springs 9 are provided, and each positioning rod 8 is fitted with a spring 9. The first end of the spring 9 abuts against the first connecting plate 1 or the second connecting plate 2, and the other two ends of the spring 9 abut against the counterweight plate 7.

[0040] In this embodiment, the weight of the counterweight plate 7 itself presses the spring 9 and the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2 connected to the spring 9, thereby pressing the tire 3 tightly against the bridge surface.

[0041] Furthermore, the counterweight plate 7 is provided with an adjustment groove 701, through which the positioning rod 8 passes; the adjustment groove 701 is used to prevent interference between the positioning rod 8 and the counterweight plate 7.

[0042] The second end of the positioning rod 8 is provided with a threaded part 801, and a limiting nut 10 is connected to the threaded part 801. The limiting nut 10 abuts against the counterweight plate 7.

[0043] In this embodiment, the positioning rod 8 serves to limit the counterweight plate 7. When there is an angle between the first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 2, the adjusting groove 701 can prevent interference between the positioning plate and the counterweight plate 7. The limiting nut 10 is used to limit the counterweight plate 7 from moving upward in the height direction.

[0044] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention’s specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bridge alignment testing method based on continuous multi-section rotation angle measurement, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, acquire the cross-sectional rotation angle data at different positions along the bridge's movement direction; obtain the distance-rotation angle relationship and obtain the bridge segment parameters; wherein, the bridge segment parameters include the total number of bridge segments, the length of each bridge segment, and the cross-sectional rotation angle of each bridge segment; S2, Calculate and test the bridge alignment based on the bridge segment parameters; S3, calculate the first relative elevation difference between the starting and ending points of the bridge based on the test bridge alignment; S4, obtain the second relative elevation difference between the starting point and the ending point of the bridge, and calculate the correction amount of the bridge alignment based on the first relative elevation difference, the second relative elevation difference and the bridge segment parameters; S5, the test bridge alignment in step S2 is corrected according to the correction amount of the bridge alignment to obtain the corrected actual bridge alignment.

2. The bridge alignment testing method based on continuous multi-section rotation angle measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, a rotation angle measuring device is used to move from the starting point to the ending point on the surface of the bridge under test to obtain the distance-rotation angle relationship.

3. The bridge alignment testing method based on continuous multi-section rotation angle measurement according to claim 1, characterized in that, Using formula Calculate the bridge alignment for testing, where y represents the bridge alignment, x is the distance between the measured location and the starting point, k is the number of intervals, and a is the interval length. Let k be the length of the bridge segment k. Let be the cross-sectional rotation angle of the k-th bridge segment.

4. The bridge alignment test method based on continuous multi-section rotation angle measurement according to claim 3, characterized in that, Using formula Calculate the first relative height difference, when When the calculation result is the first relative height difference, where Let n be the length of the k-th bridge segment, and n be the total number of bridge segments. Let be the cross-sectional rotation angle of the k-th bridge segment.

5. The bridge alignment testing method based on continuous multi-section rotation angle measurement according to claim 4, characterized in that, Using formula Calculate the correction amount for bridge alignment. ,in, For positional deviation, The first relative elevation difference, The second relative elevation difference is given by x, where x is the distance between the measured location and the starting point, and L is the total length of the bridge.

6. The bridge alignment test method based on continuous multi-section rotation angle measurement according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S5, the formula is used. The bridge alignment in step S2 is corrected to obtain the corrected actual bridge alignment. .

7. A rotation angle measuring device, applied to the bridge alignment testing method based on continuous multi-section rotation angle measurement as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, include: A first connecting plate and a second connecting plate, wherein the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are hinged together; Multiple tires are respectively installed on the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate; A first inclinometer and a second inclinometer, wherein the first inclinometer is mounted on the first connecting plate and the second inclinometer is mounted on the second connecting plate; A Hall sensor, connected to the tire, is used to record the number of rotations of the tire; The controller is electrically connected to the first inclinometer, the second inclinometer, and the Hall sensor.

8. The angle measuring device according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a counterweight mechanism, which is installed on the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate; the counterweight mechanism is used to press the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate tightly so that the tire is in close contact with the bridge surface.

9. The angle measuring device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The counterweight mechanism includes: Counterweight plate; Multiple positioning rods, the first ends of which are respectively installed on the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate, and the second ends of which pass through the counterweight plate; Multiple springs are provided, with one spring fitted on each positioning rod. The first end of each spring abuts against the first connecting plate or the second connecting plate, and the other two ends of each spring abut against the counterweight plate.

10. The angle measuring device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The counterweight plate has an adjustment groove, through which the positioning rod passes; the adjustment groove is used to prevent interference between the positioning rod and the counterweight plate.

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