Amorphous characteristic real-time monitoring method and device under dynamic load of airborne system

Abstract

The invention provides a real-time monitoring method and device for amorphous characteristics of an airborne system under a dynamic load, and belongs to the technical field of structural health monitoring. The device is used for monitoring crystallization transformation caused by flight load of an amorphous alloy test piece through a controllable stress-corrosion simulation electrolysis system after off-site sampling of the amorphous alloy test piece subjected to dynamic load in an airborne environment. The device adopts a single-cavity structure; a sample serves as one side wall of a cavity to form a wall type working electrode, and the back surface is sealed and supported by a solid back plate, a flange and an O-shaped ring; a reference electrode, a counter electrode, a thermocouple and a magnetic stirrer are arranged in the cavity. By adjusting temperature, solution components and external static stress, an airborne environment can be simulated, and high-precision measurement of corrosion current, interface resistance and electrochemical noise of a test piece is realized, so that the stability of an amorphous structure and the degradation degree of corrosion resistance of the amorphous structure after dynamic loading of an airborne system are judged. According to the scheme, operation is easy and convenient, the structure is compact, repeatability is good, and rapid off-position evaluation and airborne component quality tracing are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of material structural health monitoring and electrochemical detection technology, specifically relating to a method and device for real-time monitoring of amorphous properties under dynamic loads in airborne systems. This technology can be applied in aerospace, defense equipment, and high-end transportation fields for evaluating the off-site structural stability and corrosion resistance of amorphous alloy specimens after flight or service, as well as for quality traceability and lifespan prediction. Background Technology

[0002] Amorphous alloys, due to their long-range disordered and short-range ordered atomic structure, lack defects such as grain boundaries and dislocations found in traditional crystals, thus exhibiting superior performance in terms of strength, hardness, and corrosion resistance. Especially in corrosive environments, amorphous alloys can form a dense and uniform passivation film, effectively suppressing localized micro-galvanic reactions, thereby demonstrating corrosion resistance far superior to conventional alloys. This characteristic has led to their widespread application in critical load-bearing components in aerospace, defense equipment, and high-end transportation fields.

[0003] However, airborne systems, such as those used in aircraft and spacecraft, endure complex and variable dynamic loads during their service life, including vibration, acceleration shocks, takeoff and landing cyclic stress, and thermal cycling. These loads generate alternating stress fields and localized plastic deformation within the material, causing amorphous alloys to undergo localized structural relaxation, metastable phase precipitation, and even transformation from an amorphous state to a crystalline or nanocrystalline-amorphous complex phase during service. Once these structural transformations occur, the original uniform and defect-free characteristics of the amorphous alloy are destroyed, and local grain boundaries and new phase interfaces become electrochemically active sites, easily forming microcouples and accelerating localized corrosion. The result is increased corrosion current, decreased interfacial resistance, and changes in electrochemical noise characteristics, significantly deteriorating corrosion resistance and thus reducing the material's service reliability and lifespan.

[0004] To ensure the safety and service life of critical airborne components, it is essential to conduct in-situ testing on amorphous alloy specimens subjected to dynamic loads after flight missions to promptly assess whether their amorphous structural stability and corrosion resistance have declined. However, most existing electrochemical testing methods are designed for newly prepared samples under static or conventional stress conditions, failing to reproduce the multi-factor coupling effects of the airborne service environment and thus unable to accurately reflect the true corrosion resistance state of amorphous alloys after flight loads. While traditional mechanical property testing can detect macroscopic strength changes, it lacks sensitivity to the crystallization of the amorphous structure at the microscopic level and the resulting early degradation of corrosion resistance.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a technical solution that enables controlled environmental simulation and electrochemical monitoring of amorphous alloy samples removed from airborne systems after service under laboratory conditions. This solution should not only be able to reproduce the temperature, medium, and residual stress environments experienced by the material during flight, but also possess the ability to highly sensitively detect corrosion resistance degradation, thereby providing a reliable basis for post-flight specimen life assessment, failure analysis, and quality traceability. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention aims to address the problem of existing technologies' inability to accurately monitor the microstructural evolution and corrosion resistance changes of amorphous alloy specimens after the service of airborne systems. Through a single-cavity wall-mounted working electrode design, dynamic load-phase-locked synchronous measurement, and quantitative judgment criteria, it achieves accurate identification of early degradation of amorphous alloys during flight, such as crystallization and nanocrystalline precipitation. Furthermore, by combining multi-dimensional parameters such as corrosion current, interfacial resistance, and electrochemical noise, it comprehensively evaluates changes in corrosion resistance. Unlike traditional methods that rely solely on mechanical property testing or static corrosion testing, this invention recreates the airborne service environment under laboratory conditions, directly capturing the correlation between amorphous structural instability and decreased corrosion resistance. This provides a scientific basis for the life assessment, failure analysis, and quality traceability of airborne system specimens after flight.

[0007] Technical solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method and apparatus for real-time monitoring of amorphous properties under dynamic loads of an airborne system, characterized by comprising:

[0009] Electrochemical device: consisting of working electrode (2), reference electrode (8), counter electrode (9) and Lugin capillary (16);

[0010] Environmental simulation device: including thermocouple (10), stirrer (11), end cap (12), drive shaft (13), impeller (14), sealing joint (15), O-ring (4), electrolytic cell (1); electrolyte (7) is injected into electrolytic cell (1), and end cap (12) is sealed to electrolytic cell (1) via O-ring (4);

[0011] Load simulation system: including loading device (18) and its transmission components, for applying programmable periodic or non-periodic tensile loads to the specimen;

[0012] The reference electrode (8) is arranged 1-2 mm away from the surface of the working electrode (2) via a Lugin capillary tube (16), and the counter electrode (9) is a ring structure and is placed on the inner wall of the electrolytic cell (1).

[0013] Thermocouple (10) and stirrer (11) are used for temperature monitoring and solution homogenization, respectively; working electrode (2), reference electrode (8) and counter electrode (9) are electrically connected to electrochemical workstation (20), and thermocouple (10) is connected to temperature control system.

[0014] The PC (17) and the data acquisition module (21) synchronously acquire and process data to realize phase-locked sampling and in-situ monitoring under dynamic load.

[0015] Test methods

[0016] The testing method based on the above system includes the following steps:

[0017] Step 1: Fix the sample on one side of the electrolytic cell (1) as the working electrode (2), connect it to the loading device (18) through the left end hole (6) and the right end hole (5), and seal it with the end cap (12) using the O-ring (4) to ensure the airtightness of the electrolytic cell.

[0018] Step 2: Inject a predetermined volume of electrolyte (7) into the electrolytic cell (1), place the reference electrode (8) 1-2 mm away from the surface of the working electrode (2) through the Lugin capillary tube (16), and surround the inner wall of the electrolytic cell (1) with the counter electrode (9); at the same time, install thermocouples (10) for temperature monitoring, and place a stirrer (11) in the electrolytic cell to maintain the uniformity of the solution.

[0019] Step 3: Connect the working electrode (2), reference electrode (8), and counter electrode (9) to the electrochemical workstation (20) respectively, connect the thermocouple (10) to the temperature control system, and link the loading device (18) with the drive shaft (13) to achieve tensile loading on the sample; at the same time, connect the PC (17) to the data acquisition module (21) for data acquisition and processing.

[0020] Step 4: According to the experimental requirements, inject or replace the electrolyte (7) into the electrolytic cell (1), adjust the temperature through the heating system, and use a stirrer (11) or gas flow to keep the solution environment stable.

[0021] Step 5: Apply a load of set frequency and waveform to the sample through the loading device (18), and at the same time, collect parameters such as open circuit potential, polarization curve, impedance spectrum and electrochemical noise by the electrochemical workstation (20).

[0022] Step 6: The PC (17) and the data acquisition module (21) synchronously acquire and process mechanical and electrochemical data to realize in-situ monitoring of electrochemical performance under dynamic conditions.

[0023] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention may further preferably include the following features:

[0024] Preferably, the working electrode is a Zr-based, Fe-based, or Cu-based amorphous alloy sample with a thickness of 0.3–1.0 mm and an exposed area of ​​0.2–1.0 cm². 2 This is to ensure structural stability and test repeatability.

[0025] Preferably, the loading device can apply a cyclic frequency of 1 to 20 Hz and a strain amplitude of 0.1 to 2% to simulate the vibration and stress amplitudes commonly found in airborne environments.

[0026] Preferably, the test electrolyte is an aqueous solution of 0.1M H2SO4, 0.6M NaCl or 0.5M Na2SO4, with a temperature range of 20 to 60°C. It can be deoxygenated or purged with air to simulate the changes in corrosion resistance under different atmospheric or condensation environments during flight.

[0027] Preferably, the reference electrode is a saturated calomel electrode or a saturated silver chloride electrode, and the counter electrode is a platinum ring or a titanium-based mixed metal oxide to ensure test stability and durability.

[0028] Preferably, the data processing method includes noise spectrum analysis, wavelet transform, and transient event identification, which can automatically identify and classify early signs of corrosion resistance degradation.

[0029] Preferably, the device further includes a database interface module for storing the collected amorphous characteristics and corrosion resistance degradation data into a material service database, thereby enabling life prediction and quality traceability of key test pieces.

[0030] Beneficial effects

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0032] 1. Precise Off-Site Simulation: Through the environmental simulation unit, the temperature changes, chemical media, and residual stress conditions experienced by airborne systems during flight can be reproduced in the laboratory, realizing a realistic service environment simulation after dynamic loading. Without relying on real-time airborne monitoring, it can accurately reproduce the structural state and corrosion resistance level of amorphous alloys after flight, solving the problem that traditional methods cannot accurately assess the amorphous properties and corrosion resistance after service under ground conditions.

[0033] 2. High-sensitivity electrochemical characterization: Utilizing a Lugin capillary for precise positioning of the reference electrode and a ring-shaped counter electrode design, the spatial resolution and testing stability of the electrochemical signal are significantly improved. This allows for the detection of early, subtle changes in corrosion current and interfacial resistance caused by crystallization, metastable phase precipitation, and increased interfacial activity. Compared to conventional polarization or impedance testing, this invention offers higher sensitivity for detecting amorphous structure degradation and decreased corrosion resistance, providing early warning of material failure risks.

[0034] 3. Quantitative Judgment Criteria: This invention establishes a judgment system based on changes in corrosion current density, decreases in interfacial resistance, and electrochemical noise characteristics. This system can quantitatively assess the amorphous properties and corrosion resistance degradation of amorphous alloys under dynamic loading. By setting threshold values, a quantitative comparison of structural stability and corrosion resistance can be achieved, providing a scientific basis for subsequent maintenance, replacement, or service life extension.

[0035] 4. Data Processing and Multidimensional Analysis: The data processing unit integrates functions such as iR compensation, noise analysis, and transient event recognition, enabling multidimensional fitting and automated analysis of test data, reducing human error and improving data interpretation efficiency. For large-scale testing of airborne specimens after service, this invention can simultaneously achieve rapid evaluation of amorphous properties and corrosion resistance, exhibiting high automation and repeatability.

[0036] 5. Wide range of applications: This invention is not only applicable to post-service testing and life prediction of aerospace airborne amorphous alloy specimens, but can also be extended to the post-service structural and corrosion resistance evaluation of satellites, missiles, ships, civil aircraft and other amorphous or metastable alloy components that have undergone complex thermo-mechanical loads, providing a generalized solution for quality traceability and life prediction of high-reliability materials in multiple fields. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a method and device for real-time monitoring of amorphous properties under dynamic loads of an airborne system;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a connection block diagram of a test system for a method and device for real-time monitoring of amorphous properties under dynamic loads of an airborne system.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the potentiodynamic scanning of amorphous metallic glass.

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the potentiodynamic scanning of metallic glass as it transforms into a crystalline state under dynamic load.

[0041] In the picture:

[0042] 1. Electrolytic cell; 2. Working electrode; 3. Insulating sheet; 4. O-ring; 5. Right end hole of sample; 6. Left end hole of sample; 7. Electrolyte; 8. Reference electrode; 9. Counter electrode; 10. Thermocouple; 11. Stirrer; 12. End cap; 13. Drive shaft; 14. Impeller; 15. Sealing joint; 16. Lugin capillary; 17. PC; 18. Loading device; 19. Electrochemical real-time monitoring device; 20. Electrochemical workstation; 21. Data acquisition module.

[0043] in conclusion

[0044] This invention discloses a method and device for real-time monitoring of amorphous properties under dynamic loads in airborne systems. This technical solution overcomes the bottleneck of traditional off-site detection methods, which struggle to simultaneously and accurately characterize changes in amorphous structure and degradation of corrosion resistance after flight. It provides an efficient, repeatable, and scalable solution for failure analysis, life assessment, maintenance decisions, and quality traceability of highly reliable amorphous materials, demonstrating significant engineering application value and broad industrialization prospects. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] Example 1:

[0047] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 A method and apparatus for real-time monitoring of amorphous properties under dynamic loads of an airborne system, comprising the following steps:

[0048] Step 1: Select Zr after the airborne system has entered service 55 Cu 30 Ni5Al 10 Amorphous alloy parts. Dog-bone shaped sheet specimens with a thickness of approximately 0.5 mm, a gauge length of 20 mm, and a gauge width of 4 mm are machined by wire cutting or precision milling. Fixing holes are drilled at both ends of the specimen for connection to the loading device, corresponding to the left end hole (6) and the right end hole (5) in the attached diagram. The specimen surface is polished sequentially from coarse to fine using 400#, 800#, 1200#, and 2000# sandpaper, followed by polishing, ultrasonic cleaning to remove oil stains, and finally drying at 40℃ for 30 minutes.

[0049] Step 2: Assembly and sealing. The sample is sealed and fixed to the side wall of the electrolytic cell (1) by the O-ring (4) and the end cap (12).

[0050] The exposed area is defined by the O-ring as a circular window with a diameter of 8mm, and the actual effective area is approximately 0.50cm². 2 Check for leaks to ensure there are no seepage and prevent solution evaporation or electrolyte short circuits.

[0051] Step 3: Prepare 200 mL of 0.1 M H2SO4 electrolyte and control the test temperature at 25 ± 0.5 °C. Place the saturated calomel reference electrode (8) about 1 mm from the sample surface through the Lugin capillary tube (16). Install the platinum ring counter electrode (9) on the inner wall of the electrolytic cell, with the inner diameter of the ring being about 1.5 times the exposed diameter of the sample. Install the thermocouple (10) for real-time temperature monitoring and turn on the stirrer (11) to keep the solution homogeneous.

[0052] Step 4: Without applying a load, set the electrochemical workstation (20) to potentiodynamic polarization mode. Scan rate: 1 mV / s; potential range: -1.2 V to +2.0 V (relative to SCE). Record the polarization curves. The results show that the current drops rapidly near approximately -0.45 V, entering a stable passivation region; the current density in the passivation region remains at 10 -6 -10 -5 A / cm 2 The current increases significantly after +1.0V, indicating that the passivation film is breaking down (see...). Figure 3 ).

[0053] Example 2:

[0054] Step 1: The material, geometry, surface treatment, and electrode arrangement of the sample are consistent with those in Example 1. The sample is fixed between the loading device (18) and the side wall of the electrolytic cell (1) to ensure that the loading and electrochemical testing are synchronized.

[0055] Step 2: Set the loading device to a sinusoidal cyclic tensile load with a frequency of 5Hz and a strain amplitude of 0.5%. The loading amplitude and frequency are controlled by computer to ensure stable strain and prevent the generation of additional bending stress.

[0056] Step 3: Under the dynamic load described above, use the same electrolyte and temperature conditions as in Example 1. Perform the test in potentiodynamic polarization mode, with a scan rate of 1 mV / s and a potential range of -1.2 V to +2.0 V. Record the polarization curves (see...). Figure 4 ).

[0057] The results of the examples show that, under unloaded conditions, the polarization curve of the amorphous alloy forms a stable passivation region near -0.45V, and the corrosion current is maintained at 10V. -6 -10 -5 A / cm 2 It exhibits excellent corrosion resistance; however, under dynamic load, the passivation current increases to 10. -5 -10 -4 A / cm 2 The passivation zone shortens significantly and fluctuates frequently, indicating reduced passivation film stability and a marked decline in corrosion resistance. The device of this invention can capture this corrosion resistance degradation process, providing a scientific basis for quality traceability and life assessment of in-service amorphous alloy specimens.

[0058] Matters not covered in this invention are common knowledge.

Claims

1. A method and apparatus for real-time monitoring of amorphous properties under dynamic loads of an airborne system, characterized in that... include: Electrochemical device: consisting of working electrode (2), reference electrode (8), counter electrode (9) and Lugin capillary (16); Environmental simulation device: including thermocouple (10), stirrer (11), end cap (12), drive shaft (13), impeller (14), sealing joint (15), O-ring (4), electrolytic cell (1); electrolyte (7) is injected into electrolytic cell (1), and end cap (12) is sealed to electrolytic cell (1) via O-ring (4); Load simulation system: including loading device (18) and its transmission components, for applying programmable periodic or non-periodic tensile loads to the specimen; The reference electrode (8) is arranged 1-2 mm away from the surface of the working electrode (2) via a Lugin capillary tube (16), and the counter electrode (9) is a ring structure and is placed on the inner wall of the electrolytic cell (1). Thermocouple (10) and stirrer (11) are used for temperature monitoring and solution homogenization, respectively; working electrode (2), reference electrode (8) and counter electrode (9) are electrically connected to electrochemical workstation (20), and thermocouple (10) is connected to temperature control system. The PC (17) and the data acquisition module (21) synchronously acquire and process data to realize phase-locked sampling and in-situ monitoring under dynamic load.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dynamic load is at least one of tension, compression, bending, torsion or contact fatigue, the load is closed-loop controlled, and the amplitude and waveform are programmable; the working electrode (2) adopts four-terminal lead-out, and the three electrodes and leads are shielded wiring and grounded at a single point.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the inner diameter of the counter electrode (9) ring is 1.2 to 1.5 times the exposed diameter and is 2 to 5 mm from the surface; the geometric arrangement of the reference electrode (8) and the counter electrode (9) avoids direct alignment; the Lugin capillary (16) has a diameter of 0.8 to 1.5 mm and the nozzle is 1 to 2 mm from the surface of the sample (2).

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the test electrolyte (7) is a 0.05–1M aqueous solution of sodium chloride / potassium nitrate / sodium sulfate, etc., at a temperature of 10–80℃, and can be deoxygenated or bubbled; the temperature control accuracy of the cavity (1) is ±0.5℃.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein phase-locked sampling comprises: Using the load period as a reference window, the current and potential sequences are phase-aligned and averaged over multiple periods.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, A decrease in electrochemical performance due to crystallization is determined when any of the following changes occur under loaded conditions relative to unloaded conditions: corrosion current density increases by at least 20%, interface resistance decreases by at least 20%, or the frequency of transient events per unit time increases by at least 30%.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, The components in contact with the electrolyte (7) are made of PEEK, glass or stainless steel 316L; in a strong oxidizing system, the counter electrode (9) is made of titanium-based mixed metal oxide; the O-ring (4) is made of FKM or polytetrafluoroethylene coated, and the back plate thickness is not less than 10mm.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a program stored on a computer-readable medium, which, when executed by the processing unit, causes the apparatus to perform the data processing and event recognition process of claim 1.

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