A device and method for fracture breaking of connecting rods in large machinery

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of connecting rod processing technology, specifically to a fracture device and method for connecting rods in large machinery. The device includes a laser marking machine worktable, a fracture device worktable, and a connecting rod. A laser marking machine and a laser marking feeder are mounted on the upper end of the laser marking machine worktable. A fracture device is mounted on the upper end of the fracture device worktable. The laser marking feeder and the fracture device are used for positioning the connecting rod. The laser marking feeder includes a small-end positioning pin and a large-end positioning pin. The small-end positioning pin is used for positioning the small end of the connecting rod, and the large-end positioning pin is used for positioning the large end of the connecting rod. The fracture device includes a small-end positioning component and a fracture block. The small-end positioning component is used for positioning the small end of the connecting rod, and the fracture block is used for limiting the fracture of the large end of the connecting rod. Compared to existing sawing processes for connecting rods in large machinery, the laser marking fracture process of this invention simplifies the processing flow and improves the performance of the connecting rod.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of connecting rod processing, in particular to an expanding and breaking device and method for large machine connecting rods. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the connecting rod manufacturing process, the expanding and breaking process is increasingly widely used. Its excellent bonding precision, good fatigue resistance and relatively low processing cost have gradually replaced the original cutting process in the market. However, due to the large size (connecting rod length > 300 mm, large head hole diameter > 150 mm) and complex structure design of large machine connecting rods, the traditional cutting process is still commonly used.

[0003] At present, the traditional cutting process is generally used for large machine connecting rods. The whole or split connecting rod piece is used as the blank, and the connecting rod big head is separated by milling, grinding and other machining methods. The broken section has poor tightness, is prone to displacement, the production process is complex, and the cost is high.

[0004] Therefore, an expanding and breaking device and method for large machine connecting rods are proposed to solve the problems mentioned above. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides an expanding and breaking device and method for large machine connecting rods, which can solve the problems of complex production process and high cost of existing connecting rod cutting.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a laser marking machine workbench, an expanding and breaking machine workbench and a connecting rod are provided. The upper end of the laser marking machine workbench is provided with a laser marking machine and a laser marking feeding rack. The upper end of the expanding and breaking machine workbench is provided with an expanding and breaking machine. The laser marking feeding rack and the expanding and breaking machine are respectively used for positioning and placing the connecting rod.

[0007] The laser marking feeding rack comprises a small head positioning pin and a large head positioning pin. The small head positioning pin is used for positioning the small head of the connecting rod, and the large head positioning pin is used for positioning the large head of the connecting rod.

[0008] The expanding and breaking machine comprises a small head positioning member and an expanding block. The small head positioning member is used for positioning the small head of the connecting rod, and the expanding block is used for expanding and breaking limiting of the large head of the connecting rod.

[0009] The small head positioning member is provided with an anti-skid mechanism. The anti-skid mechanism comprises an auxiliary member for top limiting, a positioning plate and a positioning head for vertical limiting, and a positioning arm and a positioning ring for horizontal limiting.

[0010] Preferably, the laser scoring upper loading frame further comprises a sliding block for position adjustment support, a bottom plate, a sliding plate, the sliding block is slidingly arranged on the upper end of the bottom plate, the bottom plate is slidingly arranged on the upper end of the sliding plate, the small head positioning pin is slidingly arranged on the upper end of the sliding block, and the large head positioning pin is fixedly arranged on the upper end of the laser scoring machine workbench.

[0011] Preferably, the upper end of the laser scoring machine workbench is provided with a guide rail for sliding guide support and a driving device for sliding drive, the sliding plate is slidingly inserted with the guide rail, and the sliding plate is fixedly arranged on the output end of the driving device.

[0012] Preferably, the expanding machine further comprises an expanding machine base for position adjustment support and a tooling bottom plate, the expanding machine base is fixedly arranged on the upper end of the expanding machine workbench, the tooling bottom plate is slidingly arranged on the upper end of the expanding machine base, and the small head positioning member is slidingly arranged on the upper surface of the tooling bottom plate.

[0013] Preferably, a large head pad is slidingly arranged on the middle part of the upper end of the expanding machine base, the expanding block is fixedly arranged on the middle part of the upper end of the large head pad, and a pull rod is slidingly arranged on the middle part of the expanding block.

[0014] Preferably, the expanding machine further comprises a connecting rod positioning oil cylinder for positioning the expanding block and the large head of the connecting rod, and one side of the expanding machine workbench is provided with a hydraulic machine for moving support of the pull rod.

[0015] Preferably, the anti-skid mechanism further comprises a rotating frame for rotating support, the rotating frame is at least three, and the three rotating frames are uniformly arrayed on the upper surface of the auxiliary member, the auxiliary member and the small head positioning member are consistent in horizontal section specification, and one side surface of the positioning plate is provided with an arc-shaped groove inserted with the rotating frame.

[0016] Preferably, a positioning hole is formed through the lower half of the positioning plate, the positioning head penetrates the positioning hole, the positioning head is fixedly arranged on the middle part of the outer side surface of the small head positioning member, positioning grooves are formed on the two sides of the positioning head, a positioning rotating arm and a positioning convex head are inserted into the positioning grooves, a positioning ring is inserted into the upper half of the outer side of the positioning head, and the positioning ring penetrates the positioning rotating arm.

[0017] Preferably, the positioning convex head is fixedly arranged on one end of the positioning rotating arm, the two positioning rotating arms are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the positioning plate, a convex strip is fixedly arranged on the arc-shaped outer side surface of the positioning convex head, and a limiting strip is arranged on the arc-shaped inner wall surface of the positioning groove.

[0018] An expanding method for a large machine connecting rod, comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1: Install the connecting rod on the laser marking loading rack, and use the small head positioning pin, the large head positioning pin and the sliding block to fix the position of the connecting rod by adjusting their relative positions;

[0020] S2: Use the laser marking machine to cut a suitable splitting groove in the large head in the longitudinal direction;

[0021] S3: After the workpiece splitting groove is processed, it is transferred to the expansion breaking machine station installed on the expansion breaking machine workbench for expansion breaking operation;

[0022] S4: Put the large head of the connecting rod into the expansion block, adjust the relative positions of the tooling bottom plate and the small head positioning piece, fix the small head of the connecting rod firmly using the anti-skid mechanism, start the equipment, the connecting rod positioning oil cylinder presses the large head of the connecting rod and the expansion block firmly, the pull rod moves downward under the action of the hydraulic machine, presses the expansion block, makes the large head of the connecting rod expand under stress, generates expansion breaking load perpendicular to the breaking surface, forms high stress concentration in the root area of the splitting groove, causes cracks in the root area of the groove, rapidly expands and occurs low stress brittle fracture, realizes the breaking separation of the connecting rod body and the connecting rod cover.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the expansion breaking equipment and method for the connecting rod of a large machine have the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. Compared with the sawing process of the connecting rod of the existing large machine, the laser marking expansion breaking process of the present application simplifies the processing flow and improves the performance of the connecting rod.

[0025] 2. The original sawing process of the connecting rod of the large machine generally includes sawing separation, joint surface processing, positioning and fastening processing, and involves various processing methods such as cutting, milling, drilling and tapping; while the expansion breaking process mainly includes two steps of processing splitting groove and expansion breaking, greatly shortens the production flow and improves the production speed.

[0026] 3. The expansion breaking process has high joint surface precision, and the expansion breaking utilizes the brittle fracture of the material itself, so that the breaking surface can naturally form a precise meshing structure, and the subsequent assembly is accurate and less likely to move horizontally; while the sawing process needs to be treated by milling and grinding to ensure the fitting precision.

[0027] 4. The breaking surface produced by the expansion breaking process is irregularly staggered, which is tightly fitted during assembly, and the overall rigidity is stronger after bolt fixation, so that the impact load during engine operation can be better borne.

[0028] 5. The traditional sawing process produces cutting material waste during processing, while the expansion breaking is through internal stress to make the material break along the preset track, almost without material loss, saving the cost of raw materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic view of the overall front structure of the present application;

[0030] Figure 2 It is the schematic diagram of the whole top structure of the application;

[0031] Figure 3 It is the schematic diagram of the whole structure of the laser marking loading rack of the application;

[0032] Figure 4 It is the schematic diagram of the position adjusting structure of the laser marking loading rack of the application;

[0033] Figure 5 It is the schematic diagram of the whole structure of the expanding breaking machine of the application;

[0034] Figure 6 It is the schematic diagram of the position adjusting structure of the expanding breaking machine of the application;

[0035] Figure 7 It is the schematic diagram of the whole structure of the anti-skid mechanism of the application;

[0036] Figure 8 It is the schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the anti-skid mechanism of the application.

[0037] In the figure: 1, laser marking machine workbench; 2, laser marking machine; 3, connecting rod; 4, laser marking loading rack; 401, small head positioning pin; 402, large head positioning pin; 403, sliding block; 404, bottom plate; 405, sliding plate; 406, guide rail; 407, driving device; 5, hydraulic machine; 6, expanding breaking machine; 601, expanding breaking machine base; 602, tool bottom plate; 603, small head positioning part; 6031, auxiliary part; 6032, positioning plate; 6033, rotating frame; 6034, positioning hole; 6035, positioning head; 6036, positioning groove; 6037, positioning ring; 6038, positioning rotating arm; 6039, positioning convex head; 604, large head cushion block; 605, expanding block; 606, pull rod; 607, connecting rod positioning oil cylinder; 7, expanding breaking machine workbench. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the application.

[0039] Embodiment:

[0040] Please refer to Figure 1 - Figure 7The expansion breaking device for the large machine connecting rod in the embodiment comprises a laser scoring machine workbench 1, an expansion breaking machine workbench 7, and a connecting rod 3. The laser scoring machine workbench 1 is provided with a laser scoring machine 2 and a laser scoring machine loading rack 4 at the upper end. The expansion breaking machine workbench 7 is provided with an expansion breaking machine 6 at the upper end. The laser scoring machine loading rack 4 and the expansion breaking machine 6 are respectively used for positioning and placing the connecting rod 3.

[0041] The laser scoring machine loading rack 4 comprises a small head positioning pin 401 and a big head positioning pin 402. The small head positioning pin 401 is used for positioning the small head of the connecting rod 3, and the big head positioning pin 402 is used for positioning the big head of the connecting rod 3.

[0042] The expansion breaking machine 6 comprises a small head positioning member 603 and an expansion block 605. The small head positioning member 603 is used for positioning the small head of the connecting rod 3, and the expansion block 605 is used for expansion breaking and limiting the big head of the connecting rod 3.

[0043] The small head positioning member 603 is provided with an anti-skid mechanism, which comprises an auxiliary member 6031 for top limiting, a positioning plate 6032 and a positioning head 6035 for vertical limiting, a positioning rotating arm 6038 and a positioning ring 6037 for horizontal limiting.

[0044] The laser scoring machine loading rack 4 further comprises a sliding block 403 for position adjusting support, a bottom plate 404, and a sliding plate 405. The sliding block 403 is slidingly arranged at the upper end of the bottom plate 404, and the bottom plate 404 is slidingly arranged at the upper end of the sliding plate 405. The small head positioning pin 401 is slidingly arranged at the upper end of the sliding block 403, and the big head positioning pin 402 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the laser scoring machine workbench 1.

[0045] The laser scoring machine workbench 1 is provided with a guide rail 406 for sliding guide support and a driving device 407 for sliding driving at the upper end. The sliding plate 405 is slidingly inserted into the guide rail 406, and the sliding plate 405 is fixedly arranged at the output end of the driving device 407.

[0046] The expansion breaking machine 6 further comprises an expansion breaking machine base 601 for position adjusting support and a tooling bottom plate 602. The expansion breaking machine base 601 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the expansion breaking machine workbench 7, and the tooling bottom plate 602 is slidingly arranged at the upper end of the expansion breaking machine base 601. The small head positioning member 603 is slidingly arranged at the upper end surface of the tooling bottom plate 602.

[0047] The big head pad 604 is slidingly arranged at the middle part of the upper end of the expansion breaking machine base 601, and the expansion block 605 is fixedly arranged at the middle part of the upper end of the big head pad 604. The pull rod 606 is slidingly arranged at the middle part of the expansion block 605.

[0048] The expansion breaking machine 6 further comprises a connecting rod positioning oil cylinder 607 for expansion block 605 and big head pressing positioning of the connecting rod 3. The expansion breaking machine workbench 7 is provided with a hydraulic machine 5 for moving support of the pull rod 606 at one side.

[0049] This application mainly consists of a laser marking machine workbench 1, a laser marking machine 2, a laser marking feeding rack 4, a hydraulic press 5, a fracture expansion machine 6, and a fracture expansion machine workbench 7. The specific installation and connection methods can be installed according to the corresponding installation specifications, such as fixing by bolts, which are conventional technical means. Therefore, they are not described in detail.

[0050] During operation, the parameters of the laser marking machine worktable 1 are first adjusted to determine the position of the laser head and the laser parameters. Then, the laser marking loading rack 4 is adjusted. Through the drive device 407, the slide plate 405 can be moved laterally along the guide rail 406 to accommodate connecting rods 3 of different lengths. After determining the position of the slide plate 405, the positions of the base plate 404 and the slider 403 are adjusted so that the relative positions of the small end positioning pin 401 and the large end positioning pin 402 can be used to fix the small end and the large end of the connecting rod 3. The connecting rod 3 is firmly fixed to the position to be processed. Then, the laser marking machine 2 is started to process the cracking groove of the predetermined size at the predetermined position, and then the next process is started.

[0051] After the connecting rod 3 with the cracking groove is processed, it is transferred to the fracture expansion machine 6. First, according to the size of the connecting rod 3, the appropriate expansion block 605, tie rod 606 and small end positioning part 603 are selected. Then, the relative positions of the tooling base plate 602 fixed to the base 601 of the fracture expansion machine are adjusted to ensure that the large and small ends of the connecting rod 3 are respectively stuck in the expansion block 605 and the small end positioning part 603. The fracture expansion machine 6 is started, and the connecting rod positioning cylinder 607 is started to press the large end of the connecting rod 3 firmly against the expansion block 605. At the same time, the tie rod 606 moves downward under the action of the hydraulic press 5. By setting the structure of the tie rod 606 as a wedge-shaped section, its movement will laterally squeeze the expansion block 605. The expansion block 605 squeezes the large end of the connecting rod 3, subjecting it to the fracture load. A high stress concentration is formed in the root area of ​​the cracking groove, and cracks are generated at the root of the groove, which rapidly expand and undergo low-stress brittle fracture, realizing the fracture separation of the connecting rod 3 body and the connecting rod 3 cover.

[0052] Laser marking can also be achieved through broaching.

[0053] Among them, the fracture breakage method is generally only used on small connecting rods. For large machine connecting rods with a length >300mm and a large end hole diameter >150mm, there is currently no application. Laser marking is used to process the fracture groove, which is more efficient than the traditional broaching process. Especially for large machine connecting rods, the fracture groove size and depth are required to be larger. The fracture groove of traditional connecting rods is 0.5mm, while that of large machine connecting rods is 0.6~1.1mm. The fracture breakage machine uses a larger hydraulic press to provide a larger fracture load to complete the fracture breakage operation of large machine connecting rods.

[0054] The movement and positioning in the above-mentioned motion process can be moved and fixed by means of motors, cylinders, lead screws, bolts, etc. The setting and use of the corresponding components are conventional technical means and are well-known to those in the mechanical field. Therefore, this part has not been described in detail.

[0055] Among them, slide rails and grooves are provided on the slide plate 405, base plate 404, and slider 403, and corresponding fastening screw holes are provided. The tooling base plate 602 and the small end positioning part 603 are provided with corresponding slide rails and grooves and screw holes for fastening. The angle and number of the above slide rails and grooves are compatible and can be used for various specifications of connecting rods 3. The setting and use of the above slide rails, grooves, and screw holes are all existing conventional technologies, so they are not described in detail.

[0056] Please see Figure 7 - Figure 8 The anti-slip mechanism also includes a rotating frame 6033 for rotational support. There are at least three rotating frames 6033, and the three rotating frames 6033 are evenly distributed in an array on the upper surface of the auxiliary component 6031. The auxiliary component 6031 has the same horizontal cross-sectional specifications as the small-end positioning component 603. One side surface of the positioning plate 6032 is provided with an arc-shaped groove that can be inserted into the rotating frame 6033.

[0057] The lower half of the positioning plate 6032 has a positioning hole 6034 through it. The positioning head 6035 passes through the positioning hole 6034 and is fixedly set in the middle of the outer surface of the small-head positioning part 603. The positioning head 6035 has a positioning groove 6036 on both sides. The positioning groove 6036 is inserted into the positioning arm 6038 and the positioning protrusion 6039. The upper half of the outer side of the positioning head 6035 is inserted into the positioning ring 6037, which passes through the positioning arm 6038.

[0058] The positioning protrusion 6039 is fixedly installed at one end of the positioning rotating arm 6038. The two positioning rotating arms 6038 are symmetrically arranged on the corresponding sides of the positioning plate 6032. The outer arc-shaped side of the positioning protrusion 6039 is fixedly provided with a protruding strip. The inner arc-shaped surface of the positioning groove 6036 is provided with a limiting strip that matches the protruding strip.

[0059] First, the specifications of the positioning plate 6032 and its corresponding components can be manually adjusted and replaced according to the size of the connecting rod 3, and the anti-slip mechanism can be set above the laser marking machine worktable 1 and the expansion and breaking machine worktable 7 according to the usage.

[0060] After fixing the small end of connecting rod 3 onto the small end positioning part 603, first cover the auxiliary part 6031 from above the small end of connecting rod 3, then rotate the positioning plate 6032 to make the positioning hole 6034 and the positioning head 6035 insert and position. Then rotate the positioning arm 6038 to make the positioning protrusion 6039 rotate into the positioning groove 6036. At this time, under the protruding structure of the positioning protrusion 6039 itself, and under the mutual limiting of the protrusion and the limiting strip, the positioning protrusion 6039 and the inner wall of the positioning groove 6036 are subject to both compression and insertion. Then, the positioning ring 6037 is lowered so that it can be inserted and limited simultaneously with the positioning head 6035 and the positioning arm 6038. The positioning arm 6038 is limited inside the positioning groove 6036, achieving the effect of double limiting of the positioning plate 6032 and the positioning head 6035, and double limiting of the auxiliary part 6031 and the small end positioning part 603. This achieves the upper limit of the vertical direction of the small end of the connecting rod 3, preventing it from shifting upward due to excessive tension, which would affect the connection stability when it breaks, and improving the strength of the positioning of the connecting rod 3 during processing.

[0061] The actual number of positioning plates 6032 used can be adjusted according to the fixed angle of the connecting rod 3;

[0062] Among them, under the insertion and rotation of the positioning plate 6032 and the rotating frame 6033, the arc groove inside the positioning plate 6032 is larger than half a circle, which can ensure that it is easy to move without affecting the rotation. When it is fixed for use, its whole body is in a vertical state, which does not affect the stability of the connection.

[0063] The positioning ring 6037 has the same arc shape as the positioning head 6035, and it can be completely inserted into the positioning head 6035. The recessed areas on both sides of the positioning ring 6037 are convenient for manual clamping and movement.

[0064] A method for fracture expansion of a connecting rod in a large machine includes the following steps:

[0065] S1: Install the connecting rod 3 on the laser marking feeder 4, and fix the position of the connecting rod 3 by adjusting the relative positions of the small-end positioning pin 401, the large-end positioning pin 402 and the slider 403.

[0066] S2: Use laser scribing machine 2 to longitudinally cut a suitable fracture groove inside the large head;

[0067] S3: After the workpiece fracture groove is processed, it is transferred to the expansion machine 6 station installed on the expansion machine workbench 7 for expansion operation;

[0068] S4: Place the large end of connecting rod 3 into the expansion block 605, and simultaneously adjust the relative positions of the tooling base plate 602 and the small end positioning part 603. Use the anti-slip mechanism to firmly fix the small end of connecting rod 3. Start the equipment, and the connecting rod positioning cylinder 607 presses the large end of connecting rod 3 firmly against the expansion block 605. Under the action of the hydraulic press 5, the pull rod 606 moves downward and squeezes the expansion block 605, causing the large end of connecting rod 3 to expand under force, generating an expansion load perpendicular to the fracture surface. A high stress concentration is formed in the fracture groove root area, and cracks are generated at the groove root, which rapidly expand and undergo low-stress brittle fracture, realizing the fracture separation of the connecting rod body and the connecting rod cap.

[0069] The installation, connection, or setting methods disclosed in this embodiment are all common mechanical connection methods. As long as they can achieve their beneficial effects, they can be implemented. Therefore, this embodiment will not elaborate on their specific structural composition and working principle.

[0070] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An expansion device for a large machine connecting rod, characterized by: The utility model provides a kind of laser marking machine workbench (1), expansion machine workbench (7), connecting rod (3), the laser marking machine workbench (1) upper end is equipped with laser marking machine (2) and laser marking upper loading rack (4), the expansion machine workbench (7) upper end is equipped with expansion machine (6), the laser marking upper loading rack (4) and the expansion machine (6) are used for the positioning placement of the connecting rod (3) respectively; The laser marking upper loading rack (4) includes a small head positioning pin (401) and a large head positioning pin (402), the small head positioning pin (401) is used for positioning the small head of the connecting rod (3), and the large head positioning pin (402) is used for positioning the large head of the connecting rod (3); The expansion machine (6) includes a small head positioning member (603) and an expansion block (605), the small head positioning member (603) is used for positioning the small head of the connecting rod (3), and the expansion block (605) is used for expansion and breaking limiting of the large head of the connecting rod (3); The small head positioning member (603) is provided with an anti-skid mechanism, the anti-skid mechanism includes an auxiliary member (6031) for top limiting, a positioning plate (6032) and a positioning head (6035) for vertical limiting, a positioning rotating arm (6038) and a positioning ring (6037) for transverse limiting; The anti-skid mechanism further includes a rotating frame (6033) for rotating support, the rotating frame (6033) is at least three, and the three rotating frames (6033) are uniformly arrayed on the upper surface of the auxiliary member (6031), the auxiliary member (6031) and the small head positioning member (603) are consistent in horizontal section specification, one side surface of the positioning plate (6032) is provided with an arc-shaped groove matched with the rotating frame (6033); A positioning hole (6034) is formed through the lower half of the positioning plate (6032), the positioning head (6035) penetrates the positioning hole (6034), the positioning head (6035) is fixedly arranged on the middle part of the outer side surface of the small head positioning member (603), positioning grooves (6036) are formed on the corresponding two sides of the positioning head (6035), the positioning rotating arm (6038) and the positioning convex head (6039) are inserted into the positioning grooves (6036), the positioning ring (6037) is inserted into the upper half of the outer side of the positioning head (6035), and the positioning ring (6037) penetrates the positioning rotating arm (6038); The positioning convex head (6039) is fixedly arranged on one end of the positioning rotating arm (6038), the two positioning rotating arms (6038) are symmetrically arranged on the corresponding two sides of the positioning plate (6032), and a convex strip is fixedly arranged on the arc-shaped outer side surface of the positioning convex head (6039).

2. An expansion device for a large machine connecting rod as defined in claim 1, wherein: The laser scoring loading rack (4) further comprises a sliding block (403) for position adjustment support, a bottom plate (404), and a sliding plate (405), the sliding block (403) is slidingly arranged on the upper end of the bottom plate (404), the bottom plate (404) is slidingly arranged on the upper end of the sliding plate (405), the small-end positioning pin (401) is slidingly arranged on the upper end of the sliding block (403), and the large-end positioning pin (402) is fixedly arranged on the upper end of the laser scoring machine workbench (1).

3. An expanding device for a large machine connecting rod as defined in claim 2, wherein: The upper end of the laser scoring machine workbench (1) is provided with a guide rail (406) for sliding guide support and a driving device (407) for sliding drive, the sliding plate (405) is slidingly inserted into the guide rail (406), and the sliding plate (405) is fixedly arranged on the output end of the driving device (407).

4. An expanding device for a large machine connecting rod as defined in claim 1, wherein: The expanding machine (6) further comprises an expanding machine base (601) for position adjustment support and a tool bottom plate (602), the expanding machine base (601) is fixedly arranged on the upper end of the expanding machine workbench (7), the tool bottom plate (602) is slidingly arranged on the upper end of the expanding machine base (601), and the small-end positioning piece (603) is slidingly arranged on the upper end surface of the tool bottom plate (602).

5. An expanding device for the connecting rod of a large engine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The large-end cushion block (604) is slidingly arranged on the middle part of the upper end of the expanding machine base (601), the expanding block (605) is fixedly arranged on the middle part of the upper end of the large-end cushion block (604), and the pull rod (606) is slidingly arranged on the middle part of the expanding block (605).

6. An expanding device for the connecting rod of a large engine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The expanding machine (6) further comprises a connecting rod positioning oil cylinder (607) for large-end pressing positioning of the expanding block (605) and the connecting rod (3), and one side of the expanding machine workbench (7) is provided with a hydraulic machine (5) for moving support of the pull rod (606).

7. A method for bulge-reducing a large engine connecting rod using the bulge-reducing apparatus for a large engine connecting rod according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1: installing the connecting rod (3) on the laser scoring loading rack (4), and fixing the position of the connecting rod (3) by adjusting the relative positions of the small-end positioning pin (401), the large-end positioning pin (402), and the sliding block (403); S2: using the laser scoring machine (2) to cut a suitable cracking groove in the large end in the longitudinal direction; S3: after the workpiece cracking groove is processed, moving to the expanding machine (6) station installed on the expanding machine workbench (7) to perform the expanding and breaking operation; S4: placing the large end of the connecting rod (3) into the expanding block (605), adjusting the relative positions of the tool bottom plate (602) and the small-end positioning piece (603), fixing the small end of the connecting rod (3) firmly by using the anti-skid mechanism, starting the equipment, pressing the large end of the connecting rod (3) and the expanding block (605) by the connecting rod positioning oil cylinder (607), moving the pull rod (606) downward under the action of the hydraulic machine (5), extruding the expanding block (605), making the large end of the connecting rod (3) expand under stress, generating an expanding and breaking load perpendicular to the breaking surface, forming a high stress concentration in the root area of the cracking groove, causing a crack in the root area of the groove, rapidly expanding and occurring low-stress brittle fracture, and realizing the breaking and separation of the connecting rod body and the connecting rod cover.

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