A sampling device for geological disaster prevention and monitoring

Abstract

The application discloses a sampling device for geological disaster prevention and monitoring, and relates to the technical field of auxiliary equipment for underground water detection.The sampling device comprises a collecting assembly and a sampling assembly.The collecting assembly comprises a collecting pipe, the top end of the collecting pipe is provided with a dropping assembly, a sampling cavity and an adjusting cavity are arranged in the collecting pipe, an adjusting assembly is arranged in the adjusting cavity, and a monitoring assembly is further arranged on the collecting pipe.A control system is arranged for receiving a plurality of collection depths input by a user, and the adjusting assembly is controlled to keep the top end of the sampling cavity and a reference surface still according to the air pressure in the adjusting cavity.The top wall of the collecting cavity reaches the sampling requirement only when the difference between the volume of the sampling cavity and the volume of the last sampling cavity minus the volume of the last collected water sample is equal or the absolute value of the acceleration of the air pressure in the adjusting cavity is greater than a set value, the dropping assembly stops working, the opening and closing assembly is controlled to be closed, and the sampling assembly is controlled to work, so that the representativeness of the water samples collected at different depths is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of auxiliary equipment for groundwater detection, and particularly relates to a sampling device for geological disaster prevention and monitoring. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of geological disaster prevention, the physical and chemical properties of groundwater are key tracers for revealing the stability of landslide bodies, the mechanism of ground subsidence, and the incubation process of karst collapse. The dynamic changes in water level, pressure, water chemical composition and isotope characteristics provide indispensable scientific basis for evaluating the stress state of rock-soil bodies, identifying the position of sliding surface, and warning the risk of water and mud inrush. Therefore, obtaining groundwater samples that can truly reflect in-situ hydrogeochemical conditions is a fundamental and decisive link in the entire monitoring and early warning system.

[0003] Currently, the groundwater sampling technology system is mainly based on well sampling, which can be roughly divided into traditional well pump sampling, diffusion sampling and passive sampling according to its working principle. Among them, the most classic and most widely used method is traditional well pump sampling, the core of which is to take out enough water from the monitoring well to obtain a "instantaneous" water sample that can represent the water quality of the aquifer.

[0004] In traditional well pump sampling, the commonly used sampling equipment is a bailer and a low-speed pump.

[0005] Among them, the bailer sampling technology is often used in the early exploration stage or projects with limited funds due to its extremely low equipment cost and simple operation. The operating principle is to lower a disposable polyethylene tube into the water in the well, and use a manual or simple device to create negative pressure to draw the water sample to the surface container. However, the bailer will mix with "stagnant water" at different depths in the well during the lowering and lifting process, and the collected sample is actually a mixed water sample at a certain depth, which greatly reduces the data value for geological disaster fine investigation that requires accurate identification of the sliding surface position or vertical distribution of pollutants.

[0006] Low-speed pumps (represented by peristaltic pumps and bladder pumps) are widely considered the preferred equipment for meeting the requirements of low-disturbance sampling and compensating for the fundamental shortcomings of Bayer tubes. They slowly extract groundwater at low flow rates by controlling a motor, aiming to allow water from the surrounding aquifer to flow into the well in a near-natural state, thereby obtaining more representative undisturbed water samples. However, the drawbacks of low-speed pumps cannot be ignored. The well-washing process before sampling is time-consuming. Simultaneously, the inherent retention volume of the pump body and water pipeline necessitates the discharge of several times the retention volume of water before each sampling, which is not only inefficient but also generates a large amount of wastewater. Furthermore, after sampling water at a certain depth using a low-speed pump, a water level difference arises between that location and the surrounding area, causing the water inside the monitoring well to mix. At this point, the data value of the water inside the monitoring well decreases sharply, making it difficult to obtain unmixed in-situ water samples from different depths vertically. This affects the identification of the chemical characteristics of groundwater (such as ion type, mineralization, and isotopic composition) and subtle differences in pressure vertically. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a sampling device for monitoring and preventing geological disasters, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0008] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0009] A sampling device for monitoring geological disaster prevention includes a collection component and a sampling component. The collection component includes a collection tube with a delivery component at the top of the collection tube. The delivery component is used to change the distance between the collection tube and the water surface of the monitoring well. The collection tube has a sampling chamber and an adjustment chamber with a constant total volume. The adjustment chamber has an adjustment component for collecting and changing the air pressure in the adjustment chamber and for changing the volume of the sampling chamber. The sampling chamber is used to collect water samples from inside the monitoring well. The sampling component is used to receive water samples from the middle of the sampling chamber. The collection tube also has a monitoring component for obtaining the vertical depth between the collection tube and the water surface of the monitoring well, as well as the water pressure on the outer wall of the collection tube.

[0010] It also includes a control system, which receives several sampling depths input by the user, controls the operation of the delivery component based on the sampling depth, and continuously calculates the difference between the vertical depth and the sampling depth. Only when the difference is less than a set value is it determined that the sampling tube has reached the set sampling depth, and controls the adjustment component to keep the top of the sampling chamber stationary with respect to the reference plane. The volume of the sampling chamber is obtained based on the air pressure and water pressure in the adjustment chamber, and the relative position of the top wall of the sampling chamber and the sampling tube is determined based on the volume of the sampling chamber or the absolute value of the acceleration of the air pressure change in the adjustment chamber. Only when the difference between the volume of the previous sampling chamber and the volume of the water sample collected in the previous sampling is equal to the volume of the sampling chamber or the absolute value of the acceleration of the air pressure in the adjustment chamber is greater than a set value is it determined that the top wall of the sampling chamber has reached the sampling requirement, the delivery component stops working, and the sampling component is controlled to work.

[0011] Furthermore, the adjustment assembly includes a pump assembly, which is connected to the adjustment chamber. A piston is provided inside the collection tube, and the collection tube is divided into the sampling chamber and the adjustment chamber by the piston. The sampling chamber has an opening at the end away from the piston. The piston is used to change the volume of the sampling chamber. The pump assembly is used to change the air pressure inside the adjustment chamber and change the position of the piston. The control system controls the operation of the pump assembly according to the air pressure and water pressure inside the adjustment chamber.

[0012] Furthermore, the sampling assembly includes a sleeve fitted onto the outer wall of the collection tube, and a driving component and several sampling bottles are provided inside the sleeve. The sampling bottles are arranged around the axis of the sleeve. Several flexible tubes are provided on the collection tube. The sampling bottles are used to receive water samples from the collection tube. The sampling bottles are also used to change the flow cross-section of the tubes. The tubes are used to connect the sampling bottles to the collection tube. The driving component is used to adjust the position of the sampling bottles. The control system controls the operation of the driving component according to the water pressure and the air pressure in the regulating chamber.

[0013] Furthermore, the driving component includes a first airbag, which is connected to the pump assembly. The first airbag is used to change the relative position of the sampling bottle and the adjacent collection tube. A sequence valve is installed on the pump assembly, which is used to change the type of component connected to the pump assembly. The control system controls the operation of the pump assembly and the sequence valve according to the water pressure and the air pressure in the regulating chamber.

[0014] Furthermore, a cleaning ring is coaxially arranged on the outer wall of the piston, and the cleaning ring is made of elastic material. The cleaning ring is used to scrape against the inner wall of the collection tube. In this design, the cleaning ring is designed so that the reciprocating motion of the piston during sampling causes the cleaning ring to scrape against the inner wall of the collection tube. The friction force scrapes away the water remaining on the inner wall of the collection tube, thereby reducing the potential cross-contamination between upper and lower water samples that may occur when the upper and lower water samples move with the collection tube.

[0015] Furthermore, the monitoring component is also used to monitor the temperature information of the outer wall of the collection tube, and the control system is also used to mark the sampling bottle according to the temperature information.

[0016] Furthermore, a magnetic field source is provided inside the piston, and a recording plate is provided inside the outer wall of the sampling bottle. The recording plate is made of magnetic recording material. The magnetic field source is used to change the magnetic arrangement order of the recording plate, and the recording plate is used to record the number of times the magnetic field source is approached.

[0017] Furthermore, the magnetic field source is an electromagnet, and the control system changes the magnitude of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet according to the temperature information.

[0018] Furthermore, a helical spring is installed inside the connecting tube, and the helical spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting tube. A ball is located at the end of the helical spring away from the collection tube. The helical spring restricts the position of the ball. The diameter of the end of the connecting tube closest to the collection tube is smaller than the diameter of the ball, while the diameter of the other end of the connecting tube is larger than the diameter of the ball. The diameter of the input end of the sampling bottle is smaller than the diameter of the ball. The ball restricts the direction of water flow within the connecting tube and also prevents liquid from draining from the sampling bottle. This design, through the helical spring and the ball, and the cooperation between the ball and the connecting tube, allows for the sealing of the sampling bottle's output end by adjusting its position. This effectively prevents water sample leakage or contamination from the sampling bottle's output end due to improper operation by the operator after sampling.

[0019] Furthermore, the sampling chamber is also equipped with an opening and closing assembly, which is used to control the connection between the sampling chamber and the outside. The opening and closing assembly includes a ring-shaped second airbag, which is installed at the bottom of the sampling chamber. The second airbag is made of an elastic material, and the elastic modulus of the inner circumferential wall of the second airbag is less than that of the top and bottom walls of the second airbag. The second airbag is connected to the pump assembly, and a solenoid valve is provided at the connection between the second airbag and the pump assembly. The control system controls the operation of the solenoid valve according to the air pressure and water pressure in the regulating chamber.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. This invention, through the design of the collection tube, adjustment components, and sampling bottle, utilizes the internal air pressure of the adjustment chamber to replenish the volume of water in the monitoring well that has decreased after sampling. Compared with the traditional method of using a low-speed pump for water sampling, this method can effectively mitigate the problem of water level difference between the sampling location and the surrounding water body caused by the reduction of water volume, which in turn causes water disturbance and affects the representativeness of the subsequently collected water samples.

[0022] Meanwhile, this solution incorporates multiple sampling bottles and retains only the water sample from the middle section that enters the sampling chamber, while discharging the remaining water sample. Compared to the traditional Bayle tube solution, this solution enables water sample collection at multiple depths and eliminates the need for wastewater treatment by operators after collection, further reducing the number of sampling steps.

[0023] 2. In this invention, the design of the through tube, the helical spring and the ball is used to realize the opening and closing of the connection between the collection tube and the sampling bottle, as well as the sealing of the input end of the sampling bottle. Compared with the solution using an electrically controlled one-way valve, this solution can adapt to the narrow gap between the sampling bottle and the collection tube, and can effectively avoid the pollution source introduced by adding electrical control components. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a front view of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view along the AA direction;

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view along the BB direction;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the through-pipe in this invention;

[0030] Figure 6 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point C in the middle.

[0031] The reference numerals in the attached figures represent: 1. Acquisition component; 11. Piston; 12. Magnetic field source; 13. Sampling chamber; 14. Adjustment chamber; 15. Acquisition tube; 2. Sampling component; 21. Sampling bottle; 22. First airbag; 23. Recording plate; 24. Through tube; 25. Sphere; 26. Helical spring; 27. Sleeve; 3. Rope; 4. Second airbag. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. It should be noted that this invention is already in the actual research and development stage.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, this embodiment includes a collection component 1 and a sampling component 2. The collection component 1 includes a collection tube 15, and a delivery component is provided at the top of the collection tube 15. The delivery component is used to change the distance between the collection tube 15 and the water surface of the monitoring well. The delivery component includes a rope 3, and the end of the rope 3 is connected to the top of the collection tube 15 through a quick connector made of an inert material. The material of the rope 3 is selected according to the different water samples collected. In this embodiment, a polyethylene synthetic rope is used. A winch (not shown in the figure) is provided at the end of the rope 3 away from the collection tube 15.

[0035] The sampling tube 15 is equipped with a piston 11, which divides the interior of the sampling tube 15 into a sampling chamber 13 and an adjustment chamber 14. A cleaning ring, made of elastic material, is coaxially arranged on the outer wall of the piston 11. The cleaning ring is used to scrape against the inner wall of the sampling tube 15. The bottom end of the sampling chamber 13 communicates with the outside through an opening, and the opening is equipped with an opening and closing component. The opening and closing component is used to cut off or open the communication between the sampling chamber 13 and the outside. The total volume of the sampling chamber 13 and the adjustment chamber 14 is constant. The adjustment chamber 14 contains... An adjustment component is provided, which is used to change the air pressure in the adjustment chamber 14 and the volume of the sampling chamber 13. The adjustment component includes a pump assembly and a pressure sensor. The pressure sensor is used to collect air pressure information inside the adjustment chamber 14. In this embodiment, the pump assembly is an air pump (not shown in the figure). The pump assembly is connected to the adjustment chamber 14. The sampling chamber 13 is used to collect water samples inside the monitoring well. The sampling component 2 is connected to the sampling chamber 13 and is used to receive water samples from the middle of the sampling chamber 13.

[0036] The opening and closing assembly includes a ring-shaped second airbag 4, which is bonded and fixed to the bottom end of the sampling chamber 13. The second airbag 4 is made of an elastic material, and the elastic modulus of the inner circumferential wall of the second airbag 4 is less than that of the top and bottom walls of the second airbag 4. The second airbag 4 is connected to the pump assembly, and a solenoid valve is provided at the connection between the second airbag 4 and the pump assembly. In other embodiments, when collecting water samples from monitoring wells with large water depths and high water pressure at the sampling location, the opening and closing assembly can also be an electrically controlled butterfly valve, etc.

[0037] The collection tube 15 is also equipped with a monitoring component. The monitoring component is used to obtain the vertical depth of the collection tube 15 and the pressure on the outer wall of the collection tube 15. In this embodiment, the monitoring component includes a pressure level gauge, which is installed on the outer wall of the collection tube 15 and is used to collect the water pressure of the water in the monitoring well, that is, the pressure on the outer wall of the collection tube 15. At the same time, according to the formula: height from water surface to pressure level gauge = water pressure / (density of water × gravitational acceleration), since the density of water and gravitational acceleration are known values, the vertical height from the water surface of the monitoring well to the pressure level gauge can be obtained based on the water pressure. In this embodiment, the selected pressure level gauge model is DATA-5101, which can automatically convert the height between the water surface and the pressure level gauge.

[0038] The monitoring component also includes a temperature sensor, which is installed on the outside of the acquisition tube 15 and is used to collect temperature information of the outer wall of the tube 15.

[0039] The sampling assembly 2 includes a sleeve 27, which is fitted onto the outer wall of the collection tube 15 and welded to the outer wall of the collection tube 15 to form a sealed annular space. The sleeve 27 contains a driving component and several sampling bottles 21. Each sampling bottle 21 has a gas-liquid separation check valve at its top. The sampling bottles 21 are spirally arranged around the axis of the sleeve 27. The collection tube 15 has several flexible tubes 24, all of which are arranged around the sampling bottles 21. Inside, the through pipe 24 enters the sampling bottle 21 through the input end of the sampling bottle 21. In the initial state, the through pipe 24 is bent downward by the pressure of the input end of the sampling bottle 21, so that the flow cross-sectional area at the bend position is zero. The sampling bottle 21 is used to receive the water sample output by the collection tube 15. The sampling bottle 21 is also used to change the flow cross-sectional size of the through pipe 24. The through pipe 24 is used to connect the sampling bottle 21 and the collection tube 15. The driving component is used to adjust the position of the sampling bottle 21.

[0040] The driving component includes a plurality of first airbags 22. The first airbags 22 are used to change the relative position of adjacent sampling bottles 21 and collection tubes 15. In this embodiment, the first airbags 22 are bonded and fixed to the inner wall of the sleeve 27, and the top wall of the first airbags 22 is bonded and fixed to the bottom wall of the adjacent sampling bottles 21. The first airbags 22 are connected to the pump assembly, and a sequence valve is installed on the pump assembly. The sequence valve is used to change the component connected to the pump assembly.

[0041] It also includes a control system. In this embodiment, the control system includes a controller and a communication module. The communication module is used to send information to the user. Temperature sensor, air pressure sensor, communication module, pressure level gauge, pump assembly, solenoid valve, winch and sequence valve are all electrically connected to the controller.

[0042] The controller receives several sampling depths from the user input terminal, sorts the sampling depths in ascending order according to their numerical values, controls the winch to operate based on the sampling depths and the sorting results, and continuously calculates the difference between the vertical depth and the sampling depth. Only when the difference is less than a set value is the sampling tube 15 determined to have reached the set sampling depth. Based on air pressure information, the controller controls the pump assembly to keep the top of the sampling chamber 13 stationary relative to the reference plane. Simultaneously, the controller obtains the volume of the sampling chamber 13 based on the air pressure and water pressure in the regulating chamber 14, and determines the volume based on the volume of the sampling chamber 13 or the acceleration of air pressure changes within the regulating chamber 14. The absolute value of the degree determines whether the relative position between the top wall of the sampling chamber 13 and the collection tube 15 meets the sampling requirements. Only when the difference between the volume of the previous sampling chamber 13 and the volume of the water sample collected in the previous sampling is equal to the volume of the sampling chamber 13, or when the absolute value of the acceleration of the air pressure in the regulating chamber 14 is greater than the set value, the winch is stopped, the pump assembly is controlled to pump gas into the second airbag 4, so that the input end of the sampling chamber 13 is closed, and then the pump assembly is controlled to pump gas into the first airbag 22, pushing the sampling bottle 21 to move upward to achieve sampling. After the sampling is completed, the communication module is controlled to output the data of the water body at each sampling depth to the user in sequence.

[0043] The controller is also used to simultaneously obtain the water temperature of the water body at the sampling location during the sampling process, and output it to the user along with the water body data at each sampling depth. Compared with the solution of measuring the water temperature after the sampling is completed, the water temperature data obtained by this solution is less affected by the external environment of the monitoring well and can more directly reflect the temperature changes of groundwater at each sampling depth.

[0044] The specific implementation method is as follows: When using this device to collect water samples, the monitoring well is washed according to the technical specifications for groundwater environmental monitoring, and the material of each part of this device is adjusted according to the target sample to avoid the device from polluting the groundwater. Then the device is cleaned to ensure that it is clean. Then the device is started, and the operator inputs several sampling depths for this sample collection into the controller. The number of sampling depths that can be input is not greater than the number of sampling bottles 21 in the device. The air pressure in the regulating chamber 14 is increased by the pump assembly. Under the action of air pressure, the piston 11 moves towards the input end of the sampling chamber 13 until it moves to the position that the piston 11 can reach closest to the input end of the sampling chamber 13, and ensures that the regulating chamber 14 is in a positive pressure state. Then the pump assembly is turned off.

[0045] Subsequently, the controller controls the winch to operate, and the collection tube 15 is slowly lowered into the monitoring well via rope 3. During the slow descent of the collection tube 15, the air pressure sensor continues to operate, acquiring air pressure information within the regulating chamber 14. Since the pump assembly is off at this time, the change in air pressure is caused by the pressure of the water. Based on the change in air pressure information, the controller determines whether the piston 11 has a tendency to move. When the increase in air pressure exceeds the set maximum value, the water may push the piston 11 to move, thereby compressing the gas inside the regulating chamber 14. At this time, the controller controls the pump assembly to operate, pumping gas into the regulating chamber 14 to increase the air pressure inside the regulating chamber 14, reducing the probability of piston 11 moving. This avoids the increased distance that water may flow along the inner wall of the collection tube 15, which could lead to increased disturbance of the water by the collection tube 15.

[0046] Meanwhile, the pressure level gauge continues to operate. As the sampling tube 15 is gradually immersed in the water, the data collected by the pressure level gauge begins to change. The controller obtains the required vertical depth based on the water pressure returned by the pressure level gauge and the height of the water surface from the pressure level gauge. When the difference between the vertical depth and one of the sampling depths is less than a set value, it can be determined that the sampling tube 15 is about to reach the specified depth. At this time, the controller controls the pump assembly and the air pressure sensor to work, causing the pump assembly to reduce the air pressure in the regulating chamber 14. At this time, the controller determines the vertical depth based on the water pressure, the piston 11, and the inner side of the sampling tube 15. The friction coefficient of the wall and the air pressure information at this time can be used to judge the force on the piston 11. The controller controls the pump assembly to work according to the judgment result of the force on the piston 11, gradually reducing the air pressure in the regulating chamber 14, so that the sampling tube 15 still moves downward slowly at a uniform speed, but the piston 11 is stationary relative to a certain selected reference plane (in this embodiment, the horizontal plane of the monitoring well is used as the reference plane after the device is put into the water and before sampling). Under the action of water pressure and air pressure, the water gradually enters the sampling chamber 13 through the bottom opening of the sampling chamber 13.

[0047] When the piston 11 reaches the top of the regulating chamber 14 based on the air pressure information, indicating an increase in the acceleration of the air pressure change, the controller stops the winch, fixes the position of the rope 3, and simultaneously controls the sequence valve and solenoid valve to operate. This causes the pump assembly to pump gas into the second airbag 4, which inflates and closes the input end of the sampling chamber 13. Subsequently, the pump assembly pumps gas into the first airbag 22 located in the middle of the sampling chamber 13, causing the first airbag 22 to inflate and push the sampling bottle 21 upward. As the sampling bottle 21 moves upward, sampling begins. As the area of ​​the tube 24 squeezed by the side wall of bottle 21 gradually decreases, the tube 24 gradually returns to its original position, and the area of ​​the flow cross section at the bend of the tube 24 gradually increases. Under the action of water pressure, the water sample in the middle section of the sampling chamber 13 slowly enters the sampling bottle 21. At this time, the gas inside the sampling bottle 21 is discharged from the gas-liquid separation check valve. When the sampling bottle 21 is full, the water sample cannot leave the sampling bottle 21 due to the action of the gas-liquid separation valve. After the sampling bottle 21 is full, the pressure of the water can no longer force the water inside the collection tube 15 to enter the sampling bottle 21.

[0048] During the above process, when the tube 24 is opened, the pump assembly synchronously increases the air pressure inside the regulating chamber 14 so that the piston 11 moves downward gradually as the sampling proceeds, avoiding the negative pressure that may be caused by the reduction of water in the sampling chamber 13, as well as the water disturbance that may be caused by the negative pressure.

[0049] After a set time (usually the time required for the volume of water discharged from the collection tube 15 at room temperature and pressure to be the same as the capacity of the sampling bottle 21 when the collection tube 15 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane and the tube 24 is fully reset), the controller restarts the pump assembly, causing the second airbag 4 to reset, the sampling chamber 13 to open, and the corresponding first airbag 22 to inflate again, pushing the sampling bottle 21 upward until the tube 24 is bent upward. The tube 24 is then squeezed through the input end of the sampling bottle 21, and the tube 24 is closed again by bending. Sampling at this position is complete.

[0050] Subsequently, the controller controls the winch to work again, slowly pulling the device upward via rope 3. At this time, affected by air and water pressure, piston 11 tends to move downward. Simultaneously, the controller controls the pump assembly to pump gas into the regulating chamber 14, causing the air pressure inside the regulating chamber 14 to rise, pushing piston 11 downward relative to the sampling tube 15. The controller adjusts the working power of the pump assembly based on the air pressure information inside the regulating chamber 14 and the change in water pressure at this position to ensure that piston 11 remains stationary relative to the reference plane, so that the water in the sampling chamber 13 roughly returns to its original position. When the controller determines that piston 11 has reset based on the air pressure again, the controller controls the winch to rotate in the opposite direction, continuing to lower the device downward via rope 3 to collect data at the next sampling depth. Compared to the scheme of keeping the sampling tube 15 in place and only pushing the piston 11 to discharge the water inside the sampling chamber 13, in this scheme, the water inside the sampling chamber 13 that has already been disturbed is discharged to the sampling position. This effectively avoids the direct impact of squeezed water on the water below the sampling position, thus preventing disturbance and pollution of the water below the sampling position. In addition, the scheme in which the sampling tube 15 and the piston 11 move synchronously also reduces the pressure reduction below the sampling tube 15 or the piston 11 during individual movement, thereby reducing water disturbance.

[0051] During the sampling process at the next sampling depth, the above steps are repeated. As the piston 11 moves upward relative to the sampling tube 15, the controller adjusts the pump assembly's operating power based on various fixed parameters of the pump assembly (such as pump chamber volume, rotational speed of the internal drive component of the pump assembly), friction between the piston 11 and the inner wall of the sampling tube 15, and water pressure at the sampling location. This causes the gas pumped into the regulating chamber 14 to drive the piston 11 to move at a constant speed, ultimately preventing the piston 11 from moving to the position where the previous sampling depth was sampled. This ensures that the regulating chamber 14 retains a certain amount of space with a volume equal to the total volume of the water sample entering the sampling bottle 21, thus compensating for the missing water volume in the monitoring well.

[0052] After the water sample is collected at the last sampling depth, the controller transmits the data of the water body obtained at each sampling depth back through the communication module in sequence, and controls the winch to pull the rope 3 upward to retrieve the device. Then the operator can take out the sampling bottles 21 in sequence, and mark the water samples one by one according to the order of taking out the sampling bottles 21 and the data of the water body, thus completing the sampling at different depths of the monitoring well.

[0053] Compared to the traditional Bayer tube sampling method, this method can collect water samples from several depths at once. During the collection process, it can also simultaneously collect water samples from the middle section of the sampling chamber 13, which is more representative of that depth. This eliminates the need for operators to take additional samples after the collection is completed, reducing the workload of operators and lowering the probability of water sample contamination.

[0054] Furthermore, since this method starts collecting water above the sampling depth, when using this method to collect and sample water samples, by adjusting the position of starting the collection, the middle section of the water sample in the sampling chamber 13 can be accurately located at the corresponding sampling depth, thereby improving the accuracy and representativeness of the sampling.

[0055] Meanwhile, in this scheme, the use of piston 11 utilizes a cleaning ring installed on the outer wall of piston 11. During the reciprocating motion of piston 11, the cleaning ring can scrape the inner wall of the sampling tube 15 to reduce the pollution of the water at the previous sampling depth to the water at the current sampling depth.

[0056] Compared to the traditional method of using low-speed pumps for multi-depth sampling, this method only disturbs the water body during the insertion and removal of the device. During the sampling process, the reduced water volume is compensated by the gas inside the regulating chamber 14. Therefore, during the sampling process, it is less likely to cause a sudden drop in pressure at the sampling location due to the reduction of water volume at different depths, resulting in a water level difference between the sampling location and the surrounding water body, which would cause water disturbance and affect the representativeness of subsequent sampling.

[0057] This solution also utilizes the design of the connecting pipe 24 to change the positional relationship between the sampling bottle 21 and the connecting pipe 24, thereby altering the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the connecting pipe 24. Compared to solutions using electrically controlled valves such as solenoid valves, this solution only uses the connecting pipe 24 to achieve the connection between the sampling chamber 13 and the sampling bottle 21, as well as the opening and closing of the aforementioned connection, effectively avoiding the probability of introducing a pollution source due to the addition of electrically controlled components.

[0058] Meanwhile, during the implementation of this scheme, after the operator lowers the device and before sampling, the change in air pressure inside the regulating chamber 14 compared to the air pressure before the device enters the water body is solely due to the water pressure. At this time, the controller can obtain the water pressure value at that location based on the difference between the air pressure information before the device enters the water body (i.e., the air pressure information before the water pressure value of the pressure gauge is zero) and the air pressure information before sampling, as well as the friction coefficient between the piston 11 and the inner wall of the collection tube 15. Because the piston 11 is significantly affected by particles inside the water body during its movement, the data obtained at this time has a certain deviation. The controller uses this value... A numerical range is established centered on the pressure level gauge, and the water pressure value obtained by the pressure level gauge at this time is compared with this numerical range. If the water pressure value falls within the numerical range, the pressure level gauge and air pressure sensor are operating normally. However, if the water pressure value does not fall within the numerical range, the pressure level gauge, air pressure sensor, or sampling tube 15 may malfunction, such as damage to the sampling tube 15, pressure level gauge, or air pressure sensor, or failure of the seal of the regulating chamber 14. At this time, the controller will alarm the user through the communication module, prompting the user to stop sampling and repair the device to avoid affecting the water data acquisition and water sample quality due to device damage.

[0059] Furthermore, in this scheme, the sampling bottles 21 are arranged in a spiral shape around the axis of the collection tube 15. Compared with the scheme in which the sampling bottles 21 are arranged vertically, the number of sampling bottles 21 arranged in this scheme is less affected by the volume of the sampling bottles 21 themselves and the position of the input end of the sampling bottles 21. Moreover, since the distribution of the sampling bottles 21 is relatively uniform, it can effectively avoid the instability of the device that may be caused by the uneven weight distribution of the sampling bottles 21, which would disturb the water inside the monitoring well during the downward movement of the device and affect the representativeness of the water samples collected later.

[0060] Meanwhile, the scheme of using the second annular airbag 4 as the opening and closing component is less likely to cause disturbance to the upper and lower water bodies during the opening and closing process compared to the scheme using an electrically controlled butterfly valve, further reducing the problem of reduced representativeness of subsequent sampling that may be caused by water disturbance.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] The difference from the above embodiments is that: the piston 11 is provided with a magnetic field source 12. In other embodiments, a permanent magnet can be used as the magnetic field source 12. The outer wall of the sampling bottle 21 is provided with a recording plate 23. The recording plate 23 is made of magnetic recording material. The magnetic field source 12 is used to change the magnetic arrangement order of the recording plate 23. The recording plate 23 is used to record the number of times it approaches the magnetic field source 12.

[0063] In this embodiment, the magnetic field source 12 is an electromagnet, which is electrically connected to the controller. The controller changes the magnitude of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet according to the temperature information.

[0064] The specific implementation method is as follows: When using this scheme, as the piston 11 moves, the magnetic field source 12 inside the piston 11 follows the movement of the piston 11, and moves closer to and further away from each sampling bottle 21 in turn. At this time, as the magnetic field source 12 approaches, the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field source 12 changes the distribution of magnetic particles on the recording plate 23, thereby leaving a magnetic imprint on the recording plate 23 with the same direction as the magnetic field source 12. The size of the area on the recording plate 23 where the magnetic imprint is generated increases with the increase of the number of times the magnetic field source 12 approaches.

[0065] Meanwhile, since the regulating cavity 14 is used to compensate for the volume of water in the monitoring well in this scheme, the distance traveled by the piston 11 during reciprocating motion decreases with the increase of depth. During the reciprocating motion of the piston 11, the number of sampling bottles 21 that can pass through decreases with the increase of sampling depth. As a result, the size of the area on the recording plate 23 on the sampling bottle 21 that produces magnetic imprints increases from top to bottom.

[0066] At this point, after sampling is completed, the operator can use a device with a magnetic head to read the magnetic traces (magnetic imprints) on the recording plate 23. Since the stationary magnetic field source 12 cannot create a directionally controllable permanent magnetization unit on the recording plate 23 to record information, only irregular noise can be obtained when reading the recording plate 23. As the magnetic field source 12 approaches the recording plate 23 more times, the generated noise becomes stronger, denser, and more chaotic. After sampling, the operator can sort the sampling bottles 21 according to the degree of chaos of the read noise, thereby locating the water sample data corresponding to the sampling bottle 21. At the same time, compared with the scheme of using regular pulses generated by the writing head to make the recording plate 23 generate a directionally controllable permanent magnetization unit for annotation, this scheme has a simple structure and can completely avoid the writing failure of the writing head due to the influence of the side wall of the sampling tube 15 and the water sample, thus avoiding annotation failure.

[0067] Compared to existing technologies, this solution can simultaneously mark the sampling bottles 21 as water body collection progresses, avoiding misalignment of the sampling bottles 21 with the corresponding water sample information in the controller after sampling, which could affect subsequent groundwater assessment. Compared to a solution using a set of sampling bottles 21 with different markings, this solution does not require specific placement of the sampling bottles 21 in the initial state, effectively reducing the operational difficulty of this solution and facilitating mass production, thus reducing the production cost of a single device. Furthermore, after the sample is removed from this solution, operators can use existing equipment such as a demagnetizer to demagnetize the recording plate 23, removing the noise generated by the magnetic field source 12, thereby completing the reset of the recording plate 23. This process is convenient, quick, and easy to operate, effectively reducing the difficulty of device reset and facilitating the reuse of the device.

[0068] Meanwhile, in this scheme, an electromagnet is used as the magnetic field source 12. In actual use, the controller can gradually increase the magnetic field of the magnetic field source 12 according to the reciprocating motion of the piston 11, thereby further widening the size difference of the magnetic imprints on the recording plate 23 of the adjacent sampling bottles 21, thus helping the operator to identify and sort the sampling bottles 21, and further avoiding the failure of the sampling bottles 21 to correspond with the water sample data recorded by the controller.

[0069] Furthermore, in this scheme, after synchronously acquiring temperature information, when the difference between the temperature information corresponding to two acquisition depths is greater than a set value, the controller changes the magnetic field magnitude and direction of the magnetic field source 12, thereby highlighting the corresponding recording plate 23. After sampling, the operator can determine the cause of the above difference based on the groundwater depth and temperature information monitored by the monitoring well and the sampling bottle 21 corresponding to the highlighted recording plate 23, and determine whether the above temperature change is caused by geothermal gradient or water pollution caused by damage to the well wall of the monitoring well.

[0070] Example 3

[0071] The difference from the above embodiment is that: a helical spring 26 is provided inside the tube 24, the helical spring 26 is bonded and fixed to the inner wall of the tube 24, and a ball 25 is provided at the end of the helical spring 26 away from the collection tube 15. The inner diameter of the helical spring 26 is slightly smaller than that of the ball 25. The helical spring 26 is used to limit the position of the ball 25. The diameter of the end of the tube 24 near the collection tube 15 is smaller than the diameter of the ball 25, and the other end of the tube 24 is larger than the diameter of the ball 25. The diameter of the tube 24 increases uniformly from the end near the collection tube 15 to the other end. The diameter of the input end of the sampling bottle 21 is smaller than the diameter of the ball 25. The ball 25 is used to limit the direction of water flow in the tube 24 and also to prevent liquid from draining from the sampling bottle 21.

[0072] The specific implementation method is as follows: When using this solution, in the initial state, the helical spring 26 moves along with the movement of the through-tube 24. As sampling proceeds, the controller, through the pump assembly, causes the sampling bottle 21 to move upward, and the flow cross-sectional area of ​​the through-tube 24 gradually increases. At this time, water enters the through-tube 24, and the force exerted by the water on the gas pushes the sphere 25 to move in the same direction as the water flow. Since the inner diameter of this part of the through-tube 24 is larger than that of the sphere 25, the water can pass through the surface of the sphere 25 and enter the sampling bottle 21. When sampling... After bottle 21 is filled, the controller controls the pump assembly to move the sampling bottle 21 upward through the airbag. At this time, due to the disturbance of the connecting pipe 24, the water pressure in the sampling bottle 21 generates and propagates pressure waves, causing a brief backflow tendency near the connecting pipe 24. At this time, under the action of water pressure, the ball 25 moves in the opposite direction. At this time, the inner diameter of the connecting pipe 24 gradually decreases and becomes smaller than the ball 25, so that the ball 25 blocks the connecting pipe 24, preventing the water sample in the sampling bottle 21 from entering the collection tube 15, causing disturbance of the water inside the collection tube 15.

[0073] Meanwhile, after the sampling bottle 21 is filled, the pump assembly can continue to pump gas into the air bladder. As the air bladder continues to expand, the sampling bottle 21 continues to move upward. The outer wall of the sampling bottle 21 and the outer wall of the collection tube 15 squeeze the through tube 24, forcing the helical spring 26 to undergo non-axial deformation. As the through tube 24 gradually moves away from the sampling bottle 21, the distance between the ball 25 and the input end of the sampling bottle 21 gradually decreases. At a certain moment, the ball 25 disengages from the helical spring 26 and is embedded in the input end of the sampling bottle 21 under the action of the through tube 24, thus completing the sealing of the sampling bottle 21.

[0074] During this process, as the tube 24 is squeezed and then closed, the sphere 25 is more affected by the water pressure in the sampling bottle 21. The water pushes the sphere 25 to move out of the sampling bottle 21, thereby completely blocking the inlet of the sampling bottle 21 and preventing the water sample inside the sampling bottle 21 from leaking out of the inlet of the sampling bottle 21.

[0075] Compared to the above embodiments, this solution reduces the risk of backflow of water sample inside the sampling bottle 21 after sampling, which could cause turbidity in the collection tube and affect the representativeness of subsequent water sample collection at deeper locations. Furthermore, the design of the sphere 25 allows for a degree of sealing of the sampling bottle 21 simply by readjusting its position, further preventing leakage and contamination that could occur if the input end of the sampling bottle 21 is open when it is removed by operators.

[0076] Compared to the solution using an electrically controlled check valve, this solution has less impact on the deformation of the pipe 24, and has a simpler structure, lower maintenance difficulty, lower power supply requirements, and lower requirements for the waterproof sealing of the device. Even if the waterproof layer on the surface of the ball 25 or the helical spring 26 is damaged by water corrosion, it will not cause a short circuit as immediately as when the seal of the electrically controlled check valve fails, making this solution highly reliable.

[0077] Compared to hydraulically driven one-way valves, this solution completely avoids potential sample and groundwater contamination caused by leakage of the driving liquid, effectively improving sampling safety.

[0078] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sampling device for monitoring and preventing geological disasters, comprising a data acquisition component (1) and a sampling component (2), characterized in that: The acquisition component (1) includes an acquisition tube (15), and a delivery component is provided at the top of the acquisition tube (15). The delivery component is used to change the distance between the acquisition tube (15) and the water surface of the monitoring well. The acquisition tube (15) is provided with a sampling chamber (13) and an adjustment chamber (14). The total volume of the sampling chamber (13) and the adjustment chamber (14) is constant. An adjustment component is provided in the adjustment chamber (14). The adjustment component is used to collect and change the air pressure of the adjustment chamber (14). The adjustment component is also used to change the volume of the sampling chamber (13). The sampling chamber (13) is used to collect water samples inside the monitoring well. The sampling component (2) is used to receive water samples in the middle of the sampling chamber (13). A monitoring component is also provided on the acquisition tube (15). The monitoring component is used to obtain the vertical depth between the acquisition tube (15) and the water surface of the monitoring well, as well as the water pressure on the outer wall of the acquisition tube (15). It also includes a control system, which is used to receive several sampling depths input by the user, control the operation of the delivery component according to the sampling depth, and continuously calculate the difference between the vertical depth and the sampling depth. Only when the difference is less than a set value, it is determined that the sampling tube (15) has reached the set sampling depth. The control system controls the adjustment component to keep the top of the sampling chamber (13) stationary with the reference plane. The volume of the sampling chamber (13) is obtained according to the air pressure and water pressure of the adjustment chamber (14). The control system determines whether the relative position of the top wall of the sampling chamber (13) and the sampling tube has reached the sampling requirement according to the volume of the sampling chamber (13) or the absolute value of the acceleration of the air pressure change in the adjustment chamber (14). Only when the difference between the volume of the previous sampling chamber (13) and the volume of the water sample collected in the previous sampling is equal to the volume of the sampling chamber (13) or the absolute value of the acceleration of the air pressure in the adjustment chamber (14) is greater than a set value, it is determined that the top wall of the sampling chamber (13) has reached the sampling requirement, the delivery component stops working, and the sampling component (2) is controlled to work.

2. The sampling device for geological disaster prevention and monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that: The regulating assembly includes a pump assembly, which is connected to the regulating chamber (14). A piston (11) is provided inside the collection tube (15). The collection tube (15) is divided into the sampling chamber (13) and the regulating chamber (14) by the piston (11). The sampling chamber (13) has an opening at one end away from the piston (11). The piston (11) is used to change the volume of the sampling chamber (13). The pump assembly is used to change the air pressure inside the regulating chamber (14) and change the position of the piston (11). The control system controls the operation of the pump assembly according to the air pressure and water pressure inside the regulating chamber (14).

3. The sampling device for geological disaster prevention and monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sampling assembly (2) includes a sleeve (27), which is fitted onto the outer wall of the collection tube (15). The sleeve (27) contains a driving component and several sampling bottles (21). The sampling bottles (21) are arranged around the axis of the sleeve (27). The collection tube (15) is provided with several flexible tubes (24). The sampling bottles (21) are used to receive water samples from the collection tube (15). The sampling bottles (21) are also used to change the flow cross-section of the tubes (24). The tubes (24) are used to connect the sampling bottles (21) to the collection tube (15). The driving component is used to adjust the position of the sampling bottles (21). The control system controls the operation of the driving component according to the water pressure and the air pressure in the regulating chamber (14).

4. A sampling device for geological disaster prevention and monitoring according to claim 3, characterized in that: The driving component includes a first airbag (22), which is connected to the pump assembly. The first airbag (22) is used to change the relative position of the sampling bottle (21) and the adjacent collection tube (15). The pump assembly is equipped with a sequence valve, which is used to change the type of component connected to the pump assembly. The control system controls the operation of the pump assembly and the sequence valve according to the water pressure and the air pressure in the regulating chamber (14).

5. A sampling device for geological disaster prevention and monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that: A cleaning ring is coaxially arranged on the outer side wall of the piston (11), and the cleaning ring is made of elastic material. The cleaning ring is used to scrape the inner side wall of the collection tube (15).

6. A sampling device for geological disaster prevention and monitoring according to claim 3, characterized in that: The monitoring component also includes a temperature sensor installed on the outside of the collection tube (15). The temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature information of the outer wall of the collection tube (15). The control system is also used to mark the sampling bottle (21) according to the temperature information.

7. A sampling device for geological disaster prevention and monitoring according to claim 6, characterized in that: The piston (11) is provided with a magnetic field source (12), and the sampling bottle (21) is provided with a recording plate (23) on the outer wall. The recording plate (23) is made of magnetic recording material. The magnetic field source (12) is used to change the magnetic arrangement order of the recording plate (23), and the recording plate (23) is used to record the number of times it approaches the magnetic field source (12).

8. A sampling device for geological disaster prevention and monitoring according to claim 7, characterized in that: The magnetic field source (12) is an electromagnet, and the control system changes the magnitude of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet according to the temperature information.

9. A sampling device for monitoring and preventing geological disasters according to claim 3, characterized in that: A helical spring (26) is provided inside the tube (24). The helical spring (26) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tube (24). A ball (25) is provided at the end of the helical spring (26) away from the collection tube (15). The helical spring (26) is used to limit the position of the ball (25). The diameter of the end of the tube (24) near the collection tube (15) is smaller than the diameter of the ball (25). The other end of the tube (24) is larger than the diameter of the ball (25). The diameter of the input end of the sampling bottle (21) is smaller than the diameter of the ball (25). The ball (25) is used to limit the direction of water flow in the tube (24). The ball (25) is also used to prevent the liquid in the sampling bottle (21) from being discharged.

10. A sampling device for geological disaster prevention and monitoring according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sampling chamber (13) is also provided with an opening and closing component. The opening and closing component is used to control the connection between the sampling chamber (13) and the outside world. The opening and closing component includes a second airbag (4) in the shape of a ring. The second airbag (4) is installed at the bottom of the sampling chamber (13). The material of the second airbag (4) is elastic material, and the elastic modulus of the inner circumferential wall of the second airbag (4) is smaller than that of the top wall and bottom wall of the second airbag (4). The second airbag (4) is connected to the pump assembly, and a solenoid valve is provided at the connection between the second airbag (4) and the pump assembly. The control system controls the operation of the solenoid valve according to the air pressure and water pressure in the regulating chamber (14).

Images