Small-caliber electric bomb

Abstract

A small-caliber electric bomb comprises a shell with a rifling protrusion or a driving belt, a power source, a switch activated when the electric bomb hits a target, a corona voltage generator, an anchoring electrode used for fixing the electric bomb to the target and a safety electrode. The switch is in the form of a contact element movable relative to the housing, the contact element being arranged at the front end of the cartridge housing and located between the anchor electrodes, the switch being electrically connected to a first power supply contact of the corona voltage generator. A contact shielding electrode is arranged on the outer surface of the electric cartridge shell and electrically connected with one terminal of the power source, and the other terminal of the power source is electrically connected with a second power source contact of the generator. The technical result is that the intended purpose of the invention is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a wireless non-lethal long-range electric shock weapon (RAESW) equipped with an electric shock device, and more particularly, to a small-caliber electric munition for limiting the attack behavior of violators (biological targets, biological targets, objectives), which is suitable for special military operations where civilians may be present and for citizen self-defense. Background Technology

[0002] According to the present invention, a small-caliber electric bullet is used as an analogue to the electric bullet described in patent [1]. The electric bullet includes a shell, a power source, a switch, a converter that converts DC voltage from the power source into AC voltage, or a needle-shaped pulse electrode. The shell contains a battery mainly composed of a thin-film micro galvanic cell, a storage battery, or a supercapacitor. Its independent components are mainly made into a disc with holes along the axis, or the battery is in the form of multiple cylinders. The independent galvanic cells inside are arranged radially around the axis of the shell. An axial conductive needle is arranged radially around its axis inside the shell. The needle has an electrically insulating coating along its length and the front end is not coated. It is equipped with an inertial or pyrotechnic device for extending the needle out of the shell when the electric bullet is thrown or after hitting a target (biological target, biological target, violator). The electric bullet uses an inertial rotary switch.

[0003] Electroshock is in high demand among law enforcement agencies worldwide because it represents a new stage of innovation, eliminating the reliance on wired connections found in existing target stun technologies while increasing range and enabling multiple recharges.

[0004] Patent [2] was selected as the prototype of the claimed invention. The patent describes an electric bullet comprising: a housing with rifling protrusions or a drive band, a power source, a stun voltage generator, an anchoring electrode (output electrode) for securing the bullet to a target, a safety electrode, and a switch located at the rear end of the bullet housing and activated when the bullet hits the target; the switch is a contact in the form of a pressure metal membrane made of elastic or plastic metal with an adhesive layer, which contacts an electrode protruding from a recess at the rear end of the housing under the pressure of the bullet's propellant gas during launch, the electrode being a terminal of the power source. A conductor extending from and electrically connected to the membrane is also connected to a power contact of the generator, while a second power contact of the generator is connected to another terminal of the power source. The safety electrode of the bullet, made of adhesive metal foil or metallized material, is located on the surface of its housing. It is manifested as two conductive longitudinal or annular tracks / strips, or longitudinal / annular comb-like shapes on the outer surface of the bullet. The safety electrode is electrically connected to the output electrode (a barbed needle) of the stun voltage generator. The main drawback of this electric bomb is that the design length of its switching device is too long relative to the entire bomb casing.

[0005] The total length of the electric bullet casing without the output electrode is 31 mm, the electrode length is 9 mm, and the total length of the electric bullet is 40 mm. The push-button switch located at the rear of the electric bullet has a designed length of 4.4 mm, accounting for 14.2% of the total length of the casing (see patent [2]). Figure 1 and Figure 5 The version of the electric bullet equipped with a load-insulating centrifugal switch (see patent [2] reference 7) has the following dimensions: the total length of the electric bullet housing without the output electrode is 31 mm, the electrode length is 9 mm, and the total length of the electric bullet is 40 mm. The centrifugal switch located at the rear end of the electric bullet has a designed length of 4.5 mm, accounting for 14.5% of the total length of the housing. Patent [2] shows the actual structural dimensions required for manufacturing in a three-dimensional illustration, rather than schematic dimensions.

[0006] The disadvantages of the prototype ballistic missile are: the safety electrode design on the missile casing is complex and the irregular safety electrode and non-interconnected electrode have low manufacturing levels (and the resulting cost), and the reliable electrical connection between the here and the generator output electrode is low due to the heterogeneity of the connected materials (it is quite difficult to weld or braze copper safety electrodes made of copper or aluminum foil / sprayed to stainless steel). The prototype ballistic missile belongs to the medium caliber ballistic missile category (see the caliber classification in the "Invention Embodiments" section). A 14.7 mm caliber prototype ballistic missile (see the upper image of Figure 9 in [2]) has been manufactured and its physiological effectiveness in immobilizing biological targets (humans) has been tested by RAESW (weapon) firing as described in patent [2]. An 11.4 mm (more precisely 11.43 mm) caliber prototype ballistic missile (see the lower image of Figure 9 in [2]) has been manufactured, but it failed to demonstrate reliable target immobilization due to insufficient power output; the power supply can still be placed in a prototype missile with a switch designed according to patent [2], a total length not exceeding 40 mm, and permanently exposed electrodes. An 11.43 mm prototype electric ballistic missile with extendable electrodes failed to materialize because the electrode extension device occupied part of the effective volume, resulting in insufficient power output. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem of this invention is to create a small-caliber electric bullet whose overall size and weight are suitable for loading into the chamber of commonly used revolvers and multi-shot magazine pistols to effectively immobilize biological targets weighing no less than 70-80 kg, and employs a simplified and technologically advanced safety electrode.

[0008] The achieved technical effect lies in developing a small-caliber electric missile that can solve the aforementioned technical problems. This technical effect is achieved by developing a small-caliber electric missile comprising: a casing with rifling protrusions or a drive band, a power source, a switch activated when the missile hits a target, a stun voltage generator, anchoring electrodes for fixing the missile to the target, and safety electrodes; wherein the switch activated when the missile hits the target is in the form of a contact element movable relative to the casing, the contact element being located at the front end of the missile casing and between the anchoring electrodes, and the contact element being electrically connected to the first power contact of the stun voltage generator. A contact shielding electrode is provided on the outer surface of the missile casing, the electrode being electrically connected to one terminal of the power source, and the other terminal of the power source being electrically connected to the second power contact of the generator.

[0009] An additional feature is that the contact shielding electrode located on the outer surface of the bomb casing also serves as a safety electrode.

[0010] An additional feature is that the contact shielding electrodes located on the outer surface of the bomb casing are made by means of metal foil coating or metallization of the casing.

[0011] An additional feature is that a portion of the contact shielding electrode located on the outer surface of the bomb casing, as well as the movable contact elements arranged adjacent to it at intervals, are covered with an electrically insulating film.

[0012] An additional feature is that the surface of the movable contact element that is not in contact with the contact shielding electrode is covered with an electrically insulating coating. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a view of the electromagnetic catapult's appearance and cross-section.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating the impact of an electric ball on a target.

[0015] Figure 3 It is an electric bullet with a protective coating.

[0016] Figure 4 Electromagnets with enhanced metallization treatment.

[0017] Figure 5 Images of a small batch of electromagnetic catapults.

[0018] Figure 6 A RAESW device for loading electric bombs. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Given that there is no information in either foreign or especially domestic sources on the classification of RAESWs that use (launch) electromagnetic catapults based on caliber, and therefore there has never been a classification standard based on the caliber of the electromagnetic catapult itself, the following classification will be provided for the first time here:

[0020] 1. RAESWs used to fire large-caliber electric grenades are considered hunting caliber 12 (18.3-18.5 mm) or larger weapons. Examples of large-caliber RAESWs include the 12-gauge TASER X12 LLS shotgun[3] and the 40 mm standard NATO Sticky Shocker grenade launcher[4]. Meanwhile, RAESWs larger than 12 gauge have never been mass-produced or sold, primarily because biological targets are more likely to suffer “concussion” rather than electric shock. The TASER X12 LLS electric grenades were mass-produced in the United States, but have now been proven to be highly dangerous in terms of “concussion”. Due to its insufficient braking ability, the product has been discontinued and withdrawn from circulation by the U.S. police and Marine Corps. Large-caliber RAESWs can only be made in shotgun and rifle form, or only in large single-shot or double-shot pistol form.

[0021] 2. RAESWs used to fire medium-caliber electric bullets are considered hunting weapons with a caliber lower than 12 and at most a small-caliber RAESW caliber (i.e., at most 12.7 mm, see below). Electric bullets with a caliber greater than 12.7 mm are too large, so that short-barreled multi-shot weapons that fire such ammunition either exceed the size and weight for easy carrying or become low-capacity models that can only carry 2-4 rounds (maximum). Historical practice has shown that this can no longer meet the needs of police work and can only be used for self-defense purposes to a limited extent. According to patent [2], an example of a RAESW used to fire medium-caliber electric bullets is a 14.7 mm caliber RAESW (see Figures 13 and 14 of the patent).

[0022] 3. RAESWs used to fire small-caliber electric bullets are considered weapons with a caliber of 12.7 mm or smaller. It is logical to define the initial classification of small-caliber RAESWs as 12.7 mm and below because, unlike firearm bullets with calibers as small as 2.7 mm (Kolby) or, for example, 3.55 mm (.14-222), electric bullets, as microelectronic products with an output electrical power not less than the physiologically effective value, face physical limitations in reducing their caliber. The main obstacles to reducing the caliber are the output power of the power supply, the permissible transmission and dissipation power of the electronic components, and the physiologically effective minimum distance between the stun electrodes inserted into the biological target. Small-caliber slingshots for RAESWs (and corresponding small-caliber RAESWs for firing such slingshots) are limited to those calibers usable in standard (known, in use, police or military active duty) multi-shot short-barreled firearms (e.g., pistols and revolvers), i.e., calibers no greater than 12.7 mm to maintain permanent portability, and police rifles used against biological targets (no such rifles exist with calibers exceeding 12.7 mm). Examples of slingshot designs for small-caliber RAESWs are analog slingshots. This proposed invention describes an 11.43 mm caliber slingshot for RAESWs, i.e., a small-caliber slingshot (the analog device is also an example), since many pistols and revolvers widely used, produced, and applied globally are calibered in 11.43 mm (.45) and 9 mm.

[0023] Currently, various pneumatic and short-barreled firearms produced by the arms industries of various countries are available for law enforcement personnel and citizens to carry and use for firing electric rounds in self-defense. However, all of these models have limitations on the length of the ammunition they can use, which determines the length of the revolver chamber and the size of the pistol magazine. Theoretically, the length of a revolver chamber can exceed the length of the ammunition listed in the table below, but such revolvers are not common and represent only rare specimens for heavy revolver enthusiasts. Multi-shot pistols with detachable grip magazines are limited by the length of the ammunition that can be loaded into the magazine. Information regarding the grip convenience (i.e., its width) provided by conforming to human hand anatomy, and pistol samples using ammunition longer than .30 carbine, is generally unknown. Meanwhile, fewer than 300 AutoMagIII pistols suitable for this type of ammunition were produced between 1990 and 2002, after which production ceased, mainly due to their inconvenience (only suitable for those with very large hands). Ammunition with a length of 50-52 mm (but not exceeding this range) can be placed in the pistol's fixed magazine. The design and structure of this type of combat weapon are unknown, but there is information about the BAM 18x51 gas pistol equipped with a fixed ammunition (aerosol canister) magazine.

[0024] ammunition Ammunition length (mm) Weapons that use ammunition .38-40 Winchester 40 Revolver models .45 Long Colt 40.6 Revolver models .41 Magnum 40.3 Revolver models .357 Magnum 40.4 Desert Eagle .30 carbine 42.7 Otmag III .44 Smith & Wesson Special Round 41 Otmag 180, Verdy, Desert Eagle .44 Magnum 41 Revolver models .440 Corbon 40.4 Desert Eagle .429 Desert Eagle 40.4 Desert Eagle .45 Winchester Magnum 40 Otmag IV .50 Action Express 40.9 Desert Eagle, Otmag V 12.7 x 55 mm 73 RSH-12 Revolver (Assault Version) 12.3x 40R 51 "Udar" KBP Revolver 12.3x 50R 50 "Udar" Central Precision Machine Research Institute Revolver 12.5x 50R 50 OTs-20 "Dwarf" Revolver

[0025] As shown in the above charts and explanations, the length of the electric bullet should be less than 40 mm. Only under this length condition can the electric bullet be compatible with commonly used revolver cylinders and detachable grip magazines of multi-shot pistols. This requires the use of a thin-walled cartridge case structure to accommodate a weak propellant charge (micro-volume) or to rely solely on a primer charge (e.g., edge-firing that can shorten the cartridge case length). This is because the electric bullet needs to be fired from a short-tube RAESW at an extremely low velocity to avoid causing mechanical (kinetic) damage to biological targets.

[0026] Figure 1 In this design, the length of the electroshock bomb casing depends on the dimensions of the stun voltage generator, the long-lasting power supply (primarily a disc-shaped battery, i.e., a watch battery), and the switches. The size of the stun voltage generator cannot be reduced below a certain limit, which depends on the size and availability of the generator's electronic circuitry components manufactured globally. Furthermore, the generator's size cannot be reduced because the electronic components must withstand the power transmitted from a very small power source to the generator in near-short-circuit mode to obtain parameters at the generator's output that produce a sufficiently stable physiological effect on the biological target—specifically, rendering biological targets (humans) weighing 70-80 kg or more unable to engage in active behavior due to severe tonic-clonic seizures and complete disorientation and pain. The minimum possible size of the generator has been determined through numerous experimental studies and the resulting data. The power supply size is determined by the maximum supply current and voltage (considering rapid voltage drops) to the generator, and this voltage must not be lower than the minimum supply voltage of the generator chip. Meanwhile, given that the electric bomb is for single use, the power supply cost should be as low as possible; that is, the power supply should not be specially manufactured (otherwise, the cost would be high), but should be widely used in daily life or engineering fields. The size of the power supply has been determined through multiple studies and the resulting data. The only component in the electric bomb whose size can be reduced to some extent is the switch. The inertial rotary switch described in the analog electric bomb requires the highest manufacturing precision for the switch and related components of the electric bomb casing. The dimensions of the power supply element and the corona-inducing voltage generator must meet high tolerance requirements, and a high rotational speed is required (due to the need to avoid mechanical damage to biological targets, and the fact that the rifling clearance of the standard firearms designed for the analog electric bomb cannot be reduced, resulting in a significantly lower projectile velocity, this is difficult to achieve) to ensure reliable switch operation. As mentioned above, the switch design of the prototype increased the projectile length by nearly 15%.

[0027] According to the present invention, the 11.43 mm (.45) caliber electric bullet includes: a non-conductive housing 1, a non-conductive warhead 2, a housing 3 with rifling protrusions, a contact shielding electrode 4, a movable contact 5 movable towards the rear end of the housing within a groove in the housing 1, a flexible conductor lead 6, a corona-generating voltage generator output (working) electrode 7 in the form of a barbed needle, a battery 8 with an output current lead wire, a corona-generating voltage generator 9, a power supply battery 10 composed of a disc-type (clock) power element, a contact gap space 11, and a conical spring 12. The movable contact 5, in the form of a P-shaped bracket (made of a pre-tensioned spring, mainly a stainless steel wire tightly covering the housing and preventing displacement (drop, vibration, etc.) during handling of the electric bullet and the weapon carrying the electric bullet), is connected to a power contact of the generator 9 located inside the warhead 2 via the flexible conductor 6, while the contact shielding electrodes 4 located on both sides of the housing 1 are connected to one pole of the battery 10 via conductive wires 8 and spring 12. The second pole of the battery 10 is connected to the second power contact of the generator 9. During storage and before the electric projectile hits the target, a gap space 11 is provided between the contact shield electrode 4 and the support end of the contact 5. Before the electric projectile is fired, the contact circuit between the battery and the generator power contact remains open, and the battery voltage is not applied to the generator 9. The rifling protrusions of the casing can be replaced by a drive belt, and the position of the rifling protrusions or drive belt at the front, middle, or rear of the casing is not critical.

[0028] Figure 2In this process, when the stun voltage generator strikes the target after weapon firing, the electrode 7 of the stun voltage generator fully penetrates the target's body. The contact 5, under the impact of the target's body, shifts backward relative to the casing 1, eliminating the gap space 11 and connecting with the contact shield electrode 4. The flexible conductor 6 is compressed and deformed, embedding itself into the recoil groove 13 of the projectile 2. At this time, the contact circuit between the battery and the generator's power contact closes, the battery voltage is applied to the generator, the generator is activated, and it generates a stun voltage to strike the target. This voltage is delivered to the electrode 7 and further transmitted into the biological target's body, fixing it in place. The contact brackets 5 with dual contact points on both sides of the casing 1 allow for parallel dual-circuit switching to improve switch reliability. The switch is located on the outside of the stun gun casing, not inside, meaning it does not occupy internal volume. This allows the total length of the 11.43 mm caliber stun gun, including the electrode 7, to be controlled within the range of 38.0-39.0 mm, with an output electrode length of 9-10 mm. If the electrode length is shorter than this range, it will not be able to penetrate the target's clothing, epidermis, and dermis, and achieve reliable fixation within the target's body. Electrode lengths exceeding 10 mm present clear medical contraindications (due to potential damage to the ventricles in debilitated individuals). Furthermore, using the prototype stun gun switch would increase the cartridge case length by nearly 15%, making it unsuitable for use in commonly used revolver chambers and pistol magazines. Additionally, it should be noted that the prototype stun voltage generator was mounted on a circular circuit board adapted to the cartridge case's inner diameter, which helped reduce the generator height. In contrast, the stun voltage generator of the stun gun described in this invention is mounted on a rectangular circuit board adapted to the cartridge case length (because its electronic components cannot be physically arranged on a circular circuit board), further increasing the cartridge case length. Consequently, the total cartridge case length of the 11.43 mm caliber stun gun would be at least 40 mm, and the total length including the electrodes would be at least 50 mm, making it unsuitable for use in commonly used revolver chambers and magazine pistols. Most importantly, experimental data shows that when the length of an 11.43 mm caliber electric projectile exceeds 40 mm, it can no longer achieve reliable flight stability through rotation. This is because electric projectiles used in police and civilian short-barreled weapons (i.e., with an effective range of no more than 25 meters) have extremely low initial velocities (to prevent kinetic energy damage to biological targets), only about 25-40 m / s. At this ultra-low velocity, when the length-to-diameter ratio of the projectile reaches 50 mm:11.43 mm = 4.4 (close to the known critical ratio of 6, which exceeds which even high-speed military projectiles cannot achieve rotational stability), even with extremely small rifling twist, and the projectile breaking or being damaged due to friction braking with the rifling protrusions inside the barrel, reliable rotational stability of the projectile is still impossible.

[0029] Figure 3 In order to prevent oxidation of the external contact points of the casing during long-term storage, and to prevent contamination of the external contact points of the electric bullet due to the leakage of propellant combustion products from the barrel around the cartridge case during firing, the electric bullet can be provided with an outer casing gasket 14 at the contact points. The gasket is mainly made of a heat-resistant insulating film (such as a polyimide film, which is a transparent film shown in the figure).

[0030] Figure 4 Unlike the prototype bullet, the electric bullet described in this invention has only one safety electrode, which serves as the contact shield electrode 4. When targeting lawbreakers, they may instinctively try to pull out the electric bullet (to escape the pain source) under certain circumstances (due to drug or alcohol influences, or a high pain threshold), and a current loop will be formed between one of the electrodes 7 and the contact shield electrode 4. The contact shield electrode 4 may be different from... Figure 1 The contact shielding electrode 15 is made in the manner shown (i.e., without adhesive metal foil strips on both sides of the housing 1 or using a housing metallization process), but using an enhanced housing 1 metallization process. This difference is not important except in cases involving the most suitable manufacturing technology, because experimental data show that a human finger attempting to pull the stun gun out of the body will come into contact with either of the specified contact shielding electrodes 4 under any circumstances. Normally, RAESW is applied to the surface of the offender's clothing. When the stun gun hits the body, the electrical insulation layer of the clothing will be between the electrode 7 and the movable contact 5, and the coma current will form a circuit through the body between the electrodes 7, achieving conventional fixation. However, if the stun gun hits, for example, an exposed part of the body, the coma current may form between one of the electrodes 7 and the movable contact 5. In this case, the current circuit [6] is halved, which may result in the inability to reliably fix the offender. To prevent this, the movable contact 5 may be provided with an electrical insulation coating 16 (including the brazing or welding position of the conductor 6), except for the contact point 17 that directly contacts the shielding electrode 4 or 15.

[0031] Figure 5 This is a small batch sample of the electric bullet. Experimental data shows that the electric bullet described in this invention is suitable for loading into revolver cylinders and multi-shot pistol magazines. Its physiological effect is sufficient to immobilize biological targets. Specifically, when the electric bullet hits the torso or limbs of a person weighing 70-80 kg or more, the target is unable to perform any active actions. Experimental data also shows that a person cannot manually remove the electric bullet that has hit the body.

[0032] Figure 6 This is the world's first small-caliber, multi-shot RAESW to fire 11.43mm electric cartridges. The images show: a six-shot gas revolver (loaded with electric cartridges) based on a Webley Mk.6 revolver gas-operated simulation model (40mm cylinder length), and a five-shot pistol (loaded with electric cartridges) with a fixed grip magazine based on the BAM 18x51 gas revolver.

[0033] Reference List

[0034] 1. Russian Federation Patent No. 2758476

[0035] 2. Russian Federation Patent No. 2788236

[0036] 3. Yu.O. Ladyagin, *Remote-Range Electric Shock Weapons*, Moscow: Stalingrad Foundation Press, 2017, pp. 254-255.

[0037] 4. Yu.O. Ladyagin, *Remote-Range Electric Shock Weapons*, Moscow: Stalingrad Foundation Press, 2017, p. 250.

[0038] 5. Yu.O. Ladyagin, *Remote-Range Electric Shock Weapons*, Moscow: Stalingrad Foundation Press, 2017, p. 251.

[0039] 6. Yu.O. Ladyagin, Long-Range Electric Shock Weapons, Moscow: Stalingrad Foundation Press, 2017, pp. 354-355.

Claims

1. A small-caliber electric bullet, comprising: A housing with rifling protrusions or a drive band, a power supply, a switch activated when the stun gun hits a target, a stun voltage generator, an anchoring electrode for securing the stun gun to the target, and a safety electrode are characterized in that the switch activated when the stun gun hits the target is in the form of a contact element movable relative to the housing, the contact element being located at the front end of the stun gun housing and between the anchoring electrodes, wherein the contact element is electrically connected to a first power contact of the stun voltage generator; and a contact shielding electrode is provided on the outer surface of the stun gun housing, the contact shielding electrode being electrically connected to one terminal of the power supply, and the other terminal of the power supply being electrically connected to a second power contact of the generator.

2. The small-caliber electric bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The contact shielding electrode located on the outer surface of the bomb casing also serves as a safety electrode.

3. The small-caliber electric bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The contact shielding electrodes located on the outer surface of the bomb casing are made by metal foil coating or metallization of the casing.

4. The small-caliber electric bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that, A portion of the contact shielding electrode located on the outer surface of the bomb casing, as well as the adjacent movable contact elements spaced apart from it, are covered with an electrically insulating film.

5. The small-caliber electric bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the movable contact element that is not in contact with the contact shielding electrode is covered with an electrically insulating coating.

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