Crop rotation organic fertilizer production raw material crushing device

Abstract

The present application relates to fertilizer crushing technical field, specifically proposes a kind of crop wheel action organic fertilizer production raw material crushing device, including rack, roll shaft and the driving part of driving roll shaft rotation, two roll shafts are installed in the inside of rack by axial mechanism, two roll shafts can independently move along its axial direction;The present application is by setting the roll shaft of axial movement and linkage type material box, with "roll shaft axial movement" this one core action, ensure that the discharge port can be real-time, automatically accurately aligned with the current coincidence area of double roll, eliminate the segregation of discharge from the root, in the process that roll shaft is mutually staggered and moves, strong axial shear force is generated between two roll surfaces, can efficiently scrape the material adhered on the roll surface of opposite party, realize on-line self-cleaning without shutdown, simultaneously change the main work area of roll surface actively and plannedly by mode switching, make wear evenly distributed, avoid the generation of "concave roll", system integration is high, and degree of automation is strong.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fertilizer crushing technology, and specifically proposes a crushing device for raw materials in the production of organic fertilizer through crop rotation. Background Technology

[0002] Wet organic fertilizers refer to organic fertilizers that are not fully decomposed or have a high degree of decomposition, such as manure and biogas slurry. They are widely used in crop rotation and mainly play the following roles: 1. Wet organic fertilizers are rich in macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as various micronutrients and organic matter, which can provide continuous and comprehensive nutrition for different crops in the rotation sequence; 2. They can significantly increase the organic matter content of the soil, promote the formation of soil aggregates, and improve the soil's permeability, water retention, and fertilizer retention capacity; 3. They provide abundant "food" for beneficial microorganisms in the soil (such as bacteria and fungi), maintain a healthy soil micro-ecosystem, and inhibit soil-borne diseases.

[0003] As a key piece of equipment for medium and fine crushing, the double-roll mill is an essential piece of equipment for material processing in the production of wet organic fertilizers. The basic principle of the double-roll mill is to apply squeezing and shearing forces to the material falling between two opposing rollers, thereby achieving crushing. Under ideal working conditions, the material should be continuously and evenly fed from directly above the axially overlapping area of ​​the two rollers to ensure uniform biting, obtain a stable product particle size, and make the roller surface wear uniform. However, traditional fixed double-roll mills have the following problems.

[0004] Under high pressure, materials will firmly adhere to the roller surface, forming a compacted liner layer, which leads to a sharp drop in crushing efficiency, uncontrolled product particle size, increased energy consumption, and the need for frequent shutdowns for cleaning. If the fixed feed port deviates from the actual center of the double rollers, it will cause excessive wear in local areas of the roller surface, forming a concave roller, shortening the roller life and aggravating particle size unevenness. High-moisture materials are prone to adhere to the inner wall of the fixed feed port and form "bridging" material, resulting in discontinuous feeding, further deteriorating the crushing process, and ultimately affecting the crushing efficiency and quality.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a crop rotation organic fertilizer production raw material crushing device that can achieve automatic anti-sticking, adaptive centering feeding and uniform wear, thereby adapting to wet and viscous materials. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a raw material crushing device for the production of organic fertilizer through crop rotation, which solves the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution: a crop rotation organic fertilizer production raw material crushing device, comprising a frame, two parallel rollers, and a drive component for driving the two rollers to rotate synchronously. Both rollers are mounted inside the frame via an axial mechanism, and the two rollers can move independently along their axial direction. A linkage-type material box is mounted directly above the two rollers, with its bottom opening forming a feeding port. Two sealing covers are mounted on the top of the frame corresponding to the positions of the two rollers, and the sealing covers can move with the movement of the corresponding rollers. The linkage-type material box is fixedly connected to the sealing covers. A drive mechanism for driving the sealing covers to move is mounted outside the frame. This crop rotation organic fertilizer production raw material crushing device has a mode one. The three operating modes consist of Mode 2 and Mode 3. In Mode 1, the two rollers are completely flush, and the raw material is placed between them for crushing via a linked feed hopper. During crushing, the two rollers move in opposite directions to form Mode 2, changing the feed hopper's discharge position and placing the raw material between the two rollers. Then, the two rollers move again in the opposite direction to form Mode 3, changing the feed hopper's discharge position once more and placing the raw material between the two rollers. The raw material is crushed through multiple changes in the rollers' crushing position and the shearing force generated by the rollers' relative movement.

[0008] Preferably, the axial mechanism includes two mounting shafts with non-circular cross sections. The mounting shafts are assembled inside the frame, and the driving component drives the mounting shafts to rotate. The surface of the roller shaft is provided with a through transverse groove, and the internal shape of the transverse groove is adapted to the shape of the mounting shaft.

[0009] Preferably, the linkage hopper includes two main plates with a funnel-shaped cross-section. The main plates are parallel to the axial direction of the roller shaft. Two auxiliary plates are arranged between the two main plates to form a four-sided seal with the main plates. A connecting mechanism is provided between each main plate and auxiliary plate.

[0010] Preferably, connecting bearings are installed at both ends of the roller shaft surface, and connecting rods are installed on the surface of the connecting bearings, with the connecting rods fixedly installed to the main board.

[0011] Preferably, the connecting mechanism includes a sealing plate with an L-shaped cross-section, the shape of which is adapted to the shape of the main plate, and both the main plate and the sub-plate are equipped with rotatable locking rods.

[0012] Preferably, the surface of the sealing plate is provided with a sealing strip, which is attached to the surface of the main board and the sub-board, and the shape of the sealing strip is the same as that of the sealing plate.

[0013] Preferably, the drive mechanism includes a rotatable threaded rod, a T-shaped guide groove is provided on the surface of the frame, a guide block with a matching shape is provided inside the guide groove, the threaded rod is threaded through the surface of the guide block, a mounting seat is mounted on the lower surface of the sealing cover, and a support rod is rotatably mounted between the mounting seat and the guide block.

[0014] Preferably, the upper surface of the frame is provided with a slide rail groove, and the lower surface of the sealing cover is equipped with rollers, which move inside the slide rail groove.

[0015] The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects: This invention provides a raw material crushing device for the production of organic fertilizer by crop rotation. By setting an axially moving roller and a linkage material box, this invention ensures that the feeding port can be accurately aligned with the current overlapping area of ​​the two rollers in real time and automatically by the core action of "axial movement of the roller", thus eliminating material segregation at the source. During the mutual misalignment and movement of the rollers, a strong axial shear force is generated between the two roller surfaces, which can efficiently scrape off the material adhering to the other roller surface, realizing online self-cleaning without stopping the machine. At the same time, by actively and systematically changing the main working area of ​​the roller surface through mode switching, the wear is evenly distributed, avoiding the generation of "concave rollers". The system has a high degree of integration and strong automation. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The invention, its features, shape, and advantages will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Like reference numerals denote like parts throughout the drawings, which are not intentionally drawn to scale; the focus is on illustrating the spirit of the invention.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of a crop rotation organic fertilizer production raw material crushing device provided by the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal three-dimensional structure of the rack.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the working state structure of Mode 1.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the working state structure of Mode 2.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the working state structure of Mode 3.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the sealing cover in Mode 2 or Mode 3.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the roller position.

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Roller; 3. Axial mechanism; 31. Mounting shaft; 32. Horizontal groove; 4. Linkage material box; 41. Main plate; 42. Sub-plate; 43. Connecting mechanism; 431. Sealing plate; 432. Locking rod; 5. Discharge port; 6. Sealing cover plate; 7. Drive mechanism; 71. Threaded rod; 72. Guide groove; 73. Guide block; 74. Mounting seat; 75. Support rod; 8. Connecting bearing; 9. Connecting rod; 10. Sealing strip; 11. Slide rail groove; 12. Roller. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0027] like Figures 1-3 As shown, this invention provides a raw material crushing device for the production of organic fertilizer by crop rotation. It mainly enables two rollers 2 to move axially respectively and to be synchronized with the feeding system, so that the crushing device can operate in three different modes: mode one, mode two and mode three. It realizes three major functions: "dynamic centering feeding", "roller surface self-cleaning" and "wear area uniformization". It is especially suitable for processing organic fertilizer raw materials with high humidity and easy stickiness.

[0028] It includes a frame 1 and a drive unit (such as a motor and gear transmission system, not shown in the figure). The frame 1 is the supporting structure of the entire device. Two rollers 2 are installed in parallel inside the frame 1. The drive unit is used to drive the two rollers 2 to rotate synchronously in opposite directions in order to crush the organic fertilizer raw materials.

[0029] To achieve axial movement of the roller 2, an axial mechanism 3 is installed inside the frame 1. The roller 2 is mounted on the surface of the axial mechanism 3. The axial mechanism 3 includes two mounting shafts 31 with non-circular cross sections, such as rectangular, hexagonal, or spline. In this embodiment, the mounting shafts 31 are square shafts. The mounting shafts 31 are fixedly mounted inside the frame 1 by bearing seats (not shown in the figure) and driven to rotate by a drive component. Each roller 2 has a through transverse groove 32 on its roller body surface along the axial direction. The internal shape of the transverse groove 32 is perfectly matched with the cross-sectional shape of the mounting shaft 31. Through the "non-circular fit", the rotational torque of the mounting shaft 31 can be effectively transmitted to the roller 2 to drive it to rotate and perform crushing operations. At the same time, the roller 2 can slide freely along the axial direction of the mounting shaft 31 under the traction of external power.

[0030] like Figure 1 and Figures 3-6 As shown, a linkage material box 4 is installed directly above the two rollers 2. The linkage material box 4 includes two main plates 41, two auxiliary plates 42, and a connecting mechanism 43 connecting the two main plates 41 and the two auxiliary plates 42. When the two main plates 41 are installed, their cross-sections are combined to form a funnel shape, and their length direction is parallel to the axial direction of the rollers 2. This serves to guide the flow and form the side wall of the discharge port 5, ensuring that the fertilizer raw materials can fall accurately between the two rollers 2. The two auxiliary plates 42 are located between the two main plates 41 and together with the main plates 41, they form a sealed cavity on all sides. The bottom opening of the auxiliary plates forms the discharge port 5.

[0031] To achieve quick assembly and disassembly and good sealing, a connecting mechanism 43 is provided at the connecting corner of each main board 41 and sub-board 42. The connecting mechanism 43 includes a sealing plate 431 with an L-shaped cross-section, the shape of which is adapted to the corner formed by the main board 41 and sub-board 42. Rotatable locking rods 432 are installed at corresponding positions on the main board 41 and sub-board 42. The locking rods 432 can be driven individually by a motor (not shown in the figure). To ensure the tightness of the sealing plate 431 installation and connection, multiple locking rods 432 can be equidistantly arranged along the edge of the sealing plate 431. During assembly, the sealing plate 431 is snapped onto the corner, and then the locking rods 432 are rotated to press and fix it. To further ensure the sealing performance and prevent powder leakage, an L-shaped sealing strip 10 is embedded on the pressing surface of the sealing plate 431, which elastically fits the surface of the main board 41 and sub-board 42 after locking.

[0032] In different working modes, the connection positions of the main board 41 and the sub-board 42 are different. When in the working state of mode one, all the locking rods 432 on the surface of the main board 41 and the sub-board 42 rotate and fit against the surface of the sealing plate 431. When in the working state of mode two, one side (referred to as side A) of the locking rod 432 on one of the main boards 41 (referred to as board A) is unlocked, and the other side (referred to as side B) of the locking rod 432 on the other main board 41 (referred to as board B) is unlocked. When in the working state of mode three, the locking rod 432 on side A on board A and the locking rod 432 on side B on board B are relocked, the locking rod 432 on side B on board A is unlocked, and the locking rod 432 on side A on board B is unlocked.

[0033] A connecting bearing 8 is installed on the shoulders at both ends of the roller 2. The connecting bearing 8 is interference-fitted, and a connecting rod 9 is fixedly installed on the outer ring of the connecting bearing 8. The other end of the connecting rod 9 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the corresponding main plate 41 of the linkage material box 4. At this time, the linkage material box 4 and the roller 2 are rigidly connected in the axial position, and the two can move synchronously. At the top of the frame 1, a sealing cover plate 6 is installed at the position corresponding to each roller 2. The sealing cover plate 6 is used to prevent dust from escaping and also serves as the top support of the linkage material box 4. The top of the linkage material box 4 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the sealing cover plate 6.

[0034] The frame 1 is externally equipped with a drive mechanism 7 for driving the sealing cover 6. The drive mechanism 7 moves the roller 2 axially synchronously through the sealing cover 6, the main plate 41, the connecting rod 9 and the connecting bearing 8. The drive mechanism 7 includes a threaded rod 71 driven by an external motor (not shown) and capable of forward and reverse rotation. A guide groove 72 with a T-shaped cross section is provided on the bottom surface of the frame 1. A guide block 73 with a shape precisely matched to the groove is provided in the groove. The threaded rod 71 passes through and is threaded into the guide block 73. A mounting base 74 is fixed on the lower surface of the sealing cover 6. A support rod 75 is rotatably connected between the mounting base 74 and the guide block 73 through a pin.

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figures 6-7 As shown, the threaded rod 71 is driven to rotate by an external motor, which drives the guide block 73 to move linearly along the T-shaped guide groove 72. The guide block 73 pushes or pulls the mounting base 74 through the support rod 75, thereby driving the sealing cover plate 6, the entire linkage material box 4 (through its connection with the sealing cover plate 6) and the roller shaft 2 (through the connecting rod 9 and the connecting bearing 8) as a whole to move precisely along the axial direction of the roller shaft 2. It should be noted that the two roller shafts 2 move in opposite directions. To ensure that the sealing cover plate 6 moves smoothly, a slide rail groove 11 is also provided on the upper surface of the frame 1, and a roller 12 is correspondingly installed on the lower surface of the sealing cover plate 6. The roller 12 is embedded in the slide rail groove 11 and rolls, playing a role in auxiliary support and guidance.

[0036] This invention controls the drive mechanism 7 to operate in three modes: Mode 1 is the standard crushing mode. When the equipment is started, the two rollers 2 are completely flush. The drive mechanism 7 does not operate, and the feed inlet 5 of the linked feed hopper 4 is precisely aligned with the center line between the two rollers 2. Fertilizer raw materials are fed into the feed hopper and crushed under the compression and shearing of the two rollers. This mode is used for routine initial crushing operations. Mode 2 is the initial self-cleaning and displacement mode. After operating in Mode 1 for a period of time, adhesion and wear will occur on the roller surface in this area. At this time, the drive mechanism 7 moves the two sealing covers 6, the linked feed hopper 4, and the rollers 2 respectively in opposite directions by a predetermined distance, forming the first misalignment. During this process, the position of the feed inlet 5 of the linked feed hopper 4 changes accordingly and automatically realigns with the new overlapping area of ​​the rollers 2. This ensures continuous and efficient crushing. During the mutual misalignment of rollers 2, a strong axial relative motion is generated between the two roller surfaces. The shearing force generated by this relative motion can effectively scrape off the fertilizer raw materials adhering to the other roller surface, achieving self-cleaning without stopping the machine. At the same time, the main working area of ​​the roller surface is transferred from the center to a new position, avoiding continuous wear in local areas. Mode 3 is a secondary self-cleaning and displacement mode. In order to make the cleaning more thorough or the wear distribution more uniform, the drive mechanism 7 is restarted, so that rollers 2 move from the position of mode 2 to the opposite direction again (i.e., return to near mode 1 or reach another new position), forming a second misalignment. This process repeats the three effects of mode 2: the feed port 5 is re-centered, a new round of shearing self-cleaning is generated, and the working area is changed again.

[0037] By intelligently switching between the three operating modes mentioned above, this invention successfully solves the problems of sticking, uneven grinding, and clogging in the crushing of wet organic fertilizer raw materials. The entire device has an ingenious structure and reliable linkage, organically integrating the originally unrelated actions of "crushing," "moving," "centering," and "cleaning" into a highly efficient automated process, significantly improving the continuous operation rate, crushing efficiency, and service life of the equipment and its parts. Although the drive mechanism 7 and the linkage material box 4 are added, they are all conventional and ordinary mechanical structures without any high-cost precision parts. Therefore, the cost of adding the above structures is low, and it can effectively improve the service life of the roller 2. After the initial cost increase, it can be used for a long time. Therefore, the cost of adding the above structures is negligible. The above technical solution of this invention is a specific improvement based entirely on the above-mentioned existing technology and to solve the technical problems.

[0038] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0039] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "connected," "installed," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0040] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and the devices and structures not described in detail should be understood as being implemented in a manner common to the art; any possible variations and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical solution of the present invention, or equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, do not affect the essential content of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A crop rotation organic fertilizer production raw material crushing device, comprising a frame, two roller shafts arranged in parallel, and a driving member for driving the two roller shafts to rotate synchronously, characterized in that: Both of the roller shafts are installed in the interior of the frame through axial mechanisms, and both of the roller shafts can independently move along the axial direction thereof; A linkage type material box is assembled above both of the roller shafts, the bottom opening of the linkage type material box constitutes a discharging port, and two sealing cover plates are respectively assembled on the top of the frame corresponding to the positions of the two roller shafts, the sealing cover plates can move along with the movement of the corresponding roller shafts, and the linkage type material box is fixedly connected with the sealing cover plates; A driving mechanism for driving the movement of the sealing cover plates is assembled on the exterior of the frame; The crushing device has three operation modes, namely mode one, mode two and mode three, when mode one is performed, the two roller shafts are in a completely flush state, and the raw materials are placed between the two roller shafts and crushed through the discharging of the linkage type material box; in the crushing process, the two roller shafts are respectively moved to opposite positions to be dislocated to form mode two, the position of the discharging port of the linkage type material box is changed, and the raw materials are placed at the coincident positions of the two roller shafts through the discharging of the linkage type material box; the two roller shafts are again moved to opposite positions to be dislocated again to form mode three, the position of the discharging port of the linkage type material box is changed again, and the raw materials are placed at the coincident positions of the two roller shafts through the discharging of the linkage type material box, and the operation position of the roller shafts for crushing the raw materials is changed for multiple times, and the shear force formed by the movement of the roller shafts to each other crushes the raw materials.

2. The crop rotation organic fertilizer production raw material crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial mechanism comprises two installation shafts with a non-circular cross section, the installation shafts are assembled in the interior of the frame, a driving member drives the rotation of the installation shafts, and the surface of the roller shaft is provided with a transverse groove penetrating therethrough, and the internal shape of the transverse groove is adapted to the shape of the installation shaft.

3. The crop rotation organic fertilizer production raw material crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The linkage type material box comprises two main plates with a funnel-shaped cross section, the main plates are parallel to the axial direction of the roller shafts, two auxiliary plates are arranged between the two main plates and form a four-side seal with the main plates, and a connecting mechanism is arranged between each main plate and auxiliary plate.

4. The crop-rotational organic fertilizer production raw material crushing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: Connecting bearings are mounted at both ends of the surface of the roller shaft, connecting rods are mounted on the surface of the connecting bearings, and the connecting rods are fixedly mounted with the main plates.

5. The crop-rotational organic fertilizer production raw material crushing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The connecting mechanism comprises a sealing plate with an L-shaped cross section, the shape of the sealing plate is adapted to the shape of the main plate, and rotatable locking rods are mounted on the surfaces of the main plate and auxiliary plate.

6. The crop-rotational organic fertilizer production raw material crushing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A sealing strip is arranged on the surface of the sealing plate, the sealing strip is attached to the surfaces of the main plate and auxiliary plate, and the shape of the sealing strip is the same as that of the sealing plate.

7. The crop rotation organic fertilizer production raw material crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving mechanism comprises a rotatable threaded rod, a T-shaped guide groove is formed in the surface of the frame, a guide block with a shape adapted thereto is arranged in the interior of the guide groove, the threaded rod is threadedly penetrated through the surface of the guide block, and a mounting seat is assembled on the lower surface of the sealing cover plate, a support rod is rotatably mounted between the mounting seat and the guide block.

8. The crop rotation organic fertilizer production raw material crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A slide rail groove is formed in the upper surface of the frame, a roller is mounted on the lower surface of the sealing cover plate, and the roller moves in the interior of the slide rail groove.

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