Comprehensive design method for anti-freezing pavement of highway in high-altitude severe cold area

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive design method for an anti-freezing pavement of a highway in a high-altitude severe cold area, relates to the technical field of road engineering, and solves the problems of high energy consumption, short service life, unfriendly environment or poor system reliability and the like generally existing in the prior art. And the design of combining structures, materials, energy and intelligent control is lacked. A comprehensive design method for an anti-freezing pavement of a highway in a high-altitude severe cold area comprises the following steps that S1, a multi-layer composite pavement structure is constructed, and the multi-layer composite pavement structure is composed of an anti-sliding and ice-inhibiting functional layer, an energy active layer and a heat preservation structure layer from top to bottom; and S2, a distributed state sensing network is arranged in the multi-layer composite pavement structure and on the roadside of the multi-layer composite pavement structure. Passive ice suppression, active ice melting, intelligent sensing and green energy are organically integrated to form a complete'sensing-decision-execution-energy supply 'closed-loop system, and the limitation of a single technology is broken through.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of road engineering technology, specifically to a comprehensive design method for anti-icing pavement of highways in high-altitude and frigid regions. Background Technology

[0002] Extreme climate conditions in high-altitude and frigid regions make road icing a major cause of traffic accidents in winter. Currently, the treatment technologies for road icing are mainly divided into two categories: passive and active. Passive technologies mainly include spreading de-icing agents (chloride salts, potassium acetate, etc.), using asphalt mixtures with halides, and low surface energy hydrophobic pavements. Active technologies mainly include electrothermal de-icing (such as conductive concrete, heating cables, and hydraulic or ground source heat pump de-icing).

[0003] However, existing technologies generally suffer from problems such as high energy consumption, short lifespan, environmental unfriendliness, or poor system reliability, and are mostly "isolated" solutions, lacking a design that integrates structure, materials, energy, and intelligent control. Therefore, they do not meet current needs. To address this, we propose a comprehensive design method for anti-icing pavement in high-altitude and frigid regions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a comprehensive design method for anti-icing pavement of highways in high-altitude and frigid regions, in order to solve the problems of high energy consumption, short lifespan, environmental unfriendliness or poor system reliability of the existing technologies mentioned in the background, and the fact that most of them are "isolated" solutions, lacking the design of combining structure, materials, energy and intelligent control.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a comprehensive design method for anti-icing pavement of highways in high-altitude and frigid regions, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1: Construct a multi-layer composite pavement structure, which consists of an anti-skid and anti-icing functional layer, an active energy layer, and a thermal insulation structural layer from top to bottom;

[0007] S2: Deploy a distributed state perception network within the multi-layered composite pavement structure and along the roadside;

[0008] S3: Based on data from a distributed state-aware network, the central controller executes intelligent collaborative control strategies to regulate the active energy layer;

[0009] S4: Paired with a renewable energy power supply system.

[0010] Preferably, the anti-skid and anti-icing functional layer is paved with asphalt mixture composited with phase change microcapsules, and the phase change temperature range of the phase change microcapsules is -5℃ to 0℃.

[0011] Preferably, the core material of the phase change microcapsule is a brine eutectic, and the capsule wall is a polymer; the amount added is 1% to 5% of the total mass of the asphalt mixture aggregate.

[0012] Preferably, the active energy layer is composed of a carbon fiber heating wire array and a capillary network connected in parallel;

[0013] The capillary network contains a low-temperature phase change energy storage liquid, the phase change temperature of which is below -15°C.

[0014] Preferably, the carbon fiber heating wire array is arranged at a preset interval and is preferentially arranged in the wheel track area of ​​the driving lane.

[0015] The capillary network is uniformly distributed in a mesh-like form across the entire active energy layer plane.

[0016] Preferably, the thermal insulation layer is a high-strength foam glass insulation board or extruded polystyrene board laid on the road base layer, with a thickness of 5cm to 15cm.

[0017] Preferably, the distributed state perception network includes: surface temperature and humidity sensors embedded in the road surface layer, internal temperature sensors distributed in each structural layer, icing sensors for detecting the presence of thin ice layers, and meteorological monitoring stations set up on the roadside, mainly used to monitor ambient temperature and humidity, wind speed, and precipitation type.

[0018] Preferably, the intelligent collaborative control strategy is a hierarchical trigger-based energy management strategy, including:

[0019] Prevention mode: When the road surface temperature is predicted to drop to 1°C and there is a risk of precipitation, the capillary network is activated to circulate energy and keep the road surface temperature near the freezing point.

[0020] Suppression of melting mode: When ice is detected on the road surface, the carbon fiber heating wire array is activated to intermittently heat the key driving area.

[0021] Synergistic ice melting mode: Under conditions of continuous heavy snowfall or extreme low temperature, the carbon fiber heating wire array and capillary network are activated simultaneously for synergistic ice melting.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0023] 1. This invention organically integrates passive ice suppression, active ice melting, intelligent sensing, and green energy to form a complete "sensing-decision-execution-energy supply" closed-loop system, breaking through the limitations of single technologies;

[0024] 2. This invention achieves peak shifting and precise energy delivery through a dual-mode design of "capillary network energy storage + carbon fiber wire direct heating" and a prediction-based hierarchical on-demand triggering mechanism, avoiding the energy waste of continuous high-power heating in traditional electric heating methods, and improving the overall energy efficiency ratio by more than 50%.

[0025] 3. This invention uses phase change microcapsules in the anti-skid and anti-icing functional layer, which are sealed in the asphalt mixture. The lifespan is synchronized with the service life of the road surface. The system mainly relies on renewable energy and avoids the use of large amounts of chemical de-icing agents, so it has almost no negative impact on the environment.

[0026] 4. This invention enables the system to adapt to complex and variable climates through distributed sensing networks and intelligent control strategies. The dual-path parallel energy active layer design also improves the redundancy and reliability of the system. Even if some components fail, the system can still maintain basic functions. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the comprehensive design method for anti-icing pavement of highways according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, a comprehensive design method for anti-icing pavement of highways in high-altitude and frigid regions includes the following steps:

[0030] S1: Construct a multi-layer composite pavement structure, which consists of an anti-skid and anti-icing functional layer, an active energy layer, and a thermal insulation structural layer from top to bottom;

[0031] S2: Deploy a distributed state perception network within the multi-layered composite pavement structure and along the roadside;

[0032] S3: Based on data from a distributed state-aware network, the central controller executes intelligent collaborative control strategies to regulate the active energy layer;

[0033] S4: Paired with a renewable energy power supply system.

[0034] The renewable energy power supply system is equipped with a wind-solar hybrid independent microgrid for the entire system (energy active layer, sensing network, controller), including small wind turbines, photovoltaic panels and energy storage battery packs. This solves the pain points of difficult grid coverage and unstable power supply in high-altitude areas, and realizes green and self-sufficient energy.

[0035] The anti-skid and anti-icing functional layer is constructed using asphalt mixture with composite phase change microcapsules. The phase change temperature range of the phase change microcapsules is -5℃ to 0℃. The core material of the phase change microcapsules is brine eutectic, and the capsule wall is a high molecular polymer. The amount of microcapsules added is 1% to 5% of the total mass of the asphalt mixture aggregate.

[0036] By utilizing the properties of phase change materials to absorb or release latent heat during the phase change process, they absorb solar radiation heat and atmospheric heat during the day and release heat when the road surface temperature drops at night, thereby effectively slowing down the rate at which the road surface temperature drops below freezing point and playing a passive temperature control and ice suppression role of "peak shaving and valley filling".

[0037] Among them, the active energy layer is buried under the functional layer and is the core of active de-icing. The active energy layer is composed of a carbon fiber heating wire array and a capillary network connected in parallel.

[0038] Low-temperature phase change energy storage liquid circulates within the capillary network, and the phase change temperature of the low-temperature phase change energy storage liquid is below -15℃.

[0039] Carbon fiber heating wires have the advantages of uniform heating, high thermal efficiency and corrosion resistance. The carbon fiber heating wire array is laid out at a preset interval and is preferentially laid out in the wheel track area of ​​the driving lane.

[0040] The capillary network is uniformly distributed in a mesh-like form across the entire active energy layer plane. With its huge heat exchange area and flexible layout, the capillary network uniformly covers the entire road surface in a mesh-like form. Low-temperature phase change energy storage liquid circulates within the network, with a phase change temperature below -15℃, enabling it to effectively store and transport cold / heat energy even under extremely cold conditions. This constitutes a dual-path energy transmission and exchange system consisting of a "power grid" and a "liquid network".

[0041] The thermal insulation layer consists of a high-strength foam glass insulation board or extruded polystyrene board laid on the road base layer, with a thickness of 5cm to 15cm. The function of this insulation layer is to block the upward transfer of underground cold energy, reduce the heat loss of the active energy layer, and improve the thermal efficiency of the entire system, which is equivalent to putting a thermal insulation layer on the road surface.

[0042] The distributed state perception network includes: surface temperature and humidity sensors embedded in the road surface layer, internal temperature sensors distributed in each structural layer, icing sensors for detecting the presence of thin ice layers, and meteorological monitoring stations set up on the roadside, mainly used to monitor environmental temperature and humidity, wind speed and precipitation type.

[0043] Among them, the intelligent collaborative control strategy is a hierarchical trigger-based energy management strategy, including:

[0044] Prevention mode: When the road surface temperature is predicted to drop to 1°C and there is a risk of precipitation, the capillary network is activated for energy circulation. The latent heat of phase change of the energy storage liquid in the network is used to "pre-cool" or "pre-heat" the road surface. With extremely low energy consumption, the road surface temperature is maintained at a preventive state that is slightly higher or lower than the freezing point, preventing the formation of ice from the source.

[0045] Suppressed melting mode: When ice is detected on the road surface, the carbon fiber heating wire array is activated to intermittently heat key driving areas. To improve energy efficiency, a pulsed intermittent heating method is adopted, and only key areas such as wheel track are heated to quickly melt the thin ice layer.

[0046] Synergistic ice melting mode: Under conditions of continuous heavy snowfall or extreme low temperatures, the carbon fiber heating wire array and capillary network are activated simultaneously for synergistic ice melting, and the energy stored in the roadside energy storage tank is used to perform synergistic ice melting at maximum power to ensure driving safety.

[0047] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A comprehensive design method for anti-icing pavement of highways in high-altitude and frigid regions, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1: constructing a multi-layer composite pavement structure, which comprises an anti-skid and ice-suppression functional layer, an energy active layer and a thermal insulation structure layer from top to bottom; S2: arranging a distributed state sensing network in the multi-layer composite pavement structure and on the roadside; S3: based on the data of the distributed state sensing network, performing an intelligent collaborative control strategy by a central controller to regulate and control the energy active layer; S4: matching a renewable energy power supply system.

2. The high-altitude and severe cold area highway anti-icing pavement comprehensive design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-skid and ice-suppression functional layer is paved with asphalt mixture compounded with phase change microcapsules, and the phase change temperature range of the phase change microcapsules is -5℃ to 0℃.

3. The high-altitude and severe cold area highway anti-icing pavement comprehensive design method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The core material of the phase change microcapsules is a salt-water eutectic, and the wall is a high-molecular polymer; The mixing amount is 1% to 5% of the total mass of the aggregate of the asphalt mixture.

4. The high-altitude and severe cold area highway anti-icing pavement comprehensive design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy active layer is composed of an array of carbon fiber heating wires and a capillary network in parallel; The capillary network circulates a low-temperature phase change energy storage liquid, and the phase change temperature of the low-temperature phase change energy storage liquid is lower than -15℃.

5. The high-altitude and severe cold area highway anti-icing pavement comprehensive design method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The array of carbon fiber heating wires is arranged at a preset interval and is preferentially arranged in the wheel track area of the driving lane. The capillary network is uniformly arranged in the form of a network on the entire energy active layer plane.

6. The high-altitude and severe cold region highway anti-icing pavement comprehensive design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal insulation structure layer is a high-strength foam glass insulation board or an extruded polystyrene board laid on the road base, and the thickness is 5cm to 15cm.

7. The high-altitude and severe cold area highway anti-icing pavement comprehensive design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distributed state sensing network comprises surface temperature and humidity sensors embedded in the surface layer of the pavement, internal temperature sensors distributed in each structure layer, ice formation sensors for detecting the presence of thin ice layer, and meteorological monitoring stations arranged on the roadside, mainly for monitoring environmental temperature and humidity, wind speed and precipitation type.

8. The high-altitude and severe cold area highway anti-icing pavement comprehensive design method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The intelligent collaborative control strategy is a hierarchical trigger energy management strategy, which comprises: Prevention mode: when the pavement temperature is predicted to drop to 1℃ and there is a risk of precipitation, start the capillary network to circulate energy to maintain the pavement temperature near the freezing point; Inhibition of ablation mode: when ice is detected on the pavement, start the array of carbon fiber heating wires to intermittently heat the key driving area; Collaborative ice melting mode: under the conditions of continuous heavy snow or extreme low temperature, start the array of carbon fiber heating wires and the capillary network to melt ice collaboratively.

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