Caisson construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of underwater caisson construction, in particular to a caisson construction method. The underwater leveling machine is assembled and formed on the supporting platform, and the semi-submersible barge and the sea side of the supporting platform are berthed; the underwater leveling machine walks to the semi-submersible barge, and the underwater leveling machine is transported through the semi-submersible barge; the underwater leveling machine is separated from the semi-submersible barge and reaches the mounting area, and leveling operation is carried out; the semi-submersible barge is berthed with the side, close to the sea, of the supporting platform again, and the caisson is moved to the semi-submersible barge from the supporting platform; and the caisson is transported to the installation area based on the semi-submersible barge, and the caisson is installed. According to the caisson construction method, the supporting platform serves as a launching platform shared by the caisson and the underwater leveling machine, launching transportation of the underwater leveling machine can be carried out through an existing semi-submersible barge used for transporting the caisson in wharf construction by means of the walking capacity of the underwater leveling machine, and therefore cost does not need to be additionally input for hoisting the underwater leveling machine to be launched; therefore, the construction cost is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underwater caisson construction technology, and in particular to a caisson construction method. Background Technology

[0002] During the construction of caissons at the wharf, it is generally necessary to first dredge, dump rocks, compact, and level the caisson installation area before caisson construction and installation. Caissons are usually transported at sea by semi-submersible barges, while underwater leveling machines used for leveling are lifted to the caisson installation area by lifting vessels or crawler cranes for leveling operations.

[0003] Currently, during wharf construction, due to the location restrictions of the launching area in some areas, it is necessary to first assemble an underwater leveling machine on the shore, and then lift it to the caisson installation area by a crane or crawler crane. Only then can the caisson be moved from the prefabrication yard to the shore corresponding to the launching area, and then loaded onto a barge and moved to the vicinity of the installation area by a semi-submersible barge. The entire process takes a long time and is costly. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies that require large crawler cranes or ship cranes to lift and lower underwater leveling machines, resulting in very high costs. This invention provides a method for constructing and transporting caissons.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a caisson construction method, comprising the following steps: S1. Set up a support platform, assemble the underwater leveling machine on the support platform, and moor the semi-submersible barge against the seaward side of the support platform; S2. The underwater leveling machine travels onto a semi-submersible barge and is transported to the vicinity of the submersible bed via the semi-submersible barge; S3. The underwater leveling machine detaches from the semi-submersible barge and reaches the bedbed to carry out leveling operations; S4. Moor the semi-submersible barge back to the seaward side of the support platform, and move the caisson from the support platform to the semi-submersible barge; S5. The caisson is transported to the foundation bed based on the semi-submersible barge, and the caisson is installed.

[0006] The present invention discloses a caisson construction method that uses a support platform as a shared launching platform for the caisson and the underwater leveling machine. Relying on the underwater leveling machine's own mobility, the underwater leveling machine can be launched and transported by the semi-submersible barges already used for transporting caissons in the dock construction, thus eliminating the need to invest in costly crawler cranes or lifting vessels to launch the underwater leveling machine, thereby effectively reducing construction costs.

[0007] Preferably, S5 specifically includes the following steps: S51. The semi-submersible barge moves the caisson to the top of the lowering pit; S52. The semi-submersible barge descends to the lowering pit, causing the semi-submersible barge and the caisson to vertically separate; S53. The caisson is horizontally separated from the semi-submersible barge using a barge, and the barge lifts the caisson and lowers it into the health pool; S54. Use a barge to tow the caisson in the conditioning pool to the installation position.

[0008] Preferably, S4 specifically includes the following steps: S41. An airbag is installed at the bottom of the caisson, and the caisson is pulled by a towing rope, and the caisson moves to the support platform by means of the airbag; S42. The caisson is towed by a tow rope and moved onto the semi-submersible barge by means of the airbag.

[0009] Preferably, S2 specifically includes the following steps: S21. The underwater leveling machine moves onto the semi-submersible barge; S22. The semi-submersible barge moves to the designated position; S23. The semi-submersible barge submerges, causing the underwater leveling machine to float, and the bottom of the underwater leveling machine detaches from the semi-submersible barge; S24. The underwater leveling machine is horizontally separated from the semi-submersible barge using a barge, and the barge lifts the underwater leveling machine and submerges it to the working position.

[0010] Preferably, the underwater leveling machine is assembled on a support platform.

[0011] Preferably, the semi-submersible barge includes a semi-submersible barge platform, and a head tower and a tail tower installed on the semi-submersible barge platform. When the semi-submersible barge is moored with the seaward side of the support platform, the head tower is located between the support platform and the tail tower. At least two first winches are installed on the tail tower. The first winches are connected to a first rear cable. The first rear cable is connected to the end of the underwater leveling machine near the tail tower. At least two first rear cables are arranged in a crisscross pattern. At least two anchor winches are installed on the barge, and the anchor winches have front cables leading out. The front cables are connected to the underwater leveling machine near one end of the barge, and at least two front cables are arranged in a cross pattern. Both the first rear cable and the front cable are tensioned, and both the first rear cable and the front cable provide an upward vertical force to the underwater leveling machine.

[0012] Preferably, S3 specifically includes the following steps: S31. The semi-submersible barge drives the underwater leveling machine to the top of the submersible pit; S32. The semi-submersible barge descends to the submersion pit, causing the underwater leveling machine to detach vertically from the semi-submersible barge based on its own buoyancy; S33. Using the barge to drive the front cable, the underwater leveling machine is separated from the semi-submersible barge in the horizontal direction, and the first rear cable is extended simultaneously; S34. The barge uses the front cable to move the underwater leveling machine above the base bed; S35. Use the crane on the barge to lift the underwater leveling machine and lower it to the working position.

[0013] Preferably, the support platform has a recessed overlapping platform on the seaward side, and the semi-submersible barge has a protruding mounting platform that matches the overlapping platform at its front end. The surface of the support platform is flush with the top surface of the mounting platform.

[0014] Preferably, a flexible buffer structure is provided between the surface of the overlapping platform and the bottom surface of the overlapping platform.

[0015] Preferably, the support platform includes a plurality of steel pipe piles arranged in an array and a steel platform supported on the upper part of the steel pipe piles, wherein the top surface of the steel platform is flush with the top surface of the slab platform.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention discloses a caisson construction method that uses a support platform as a shared launching platform for the caisson and the underwater leveling machine. Relying on the underwater leveling machine's own mobility, the underwater leveling machine can be launched and transported by the semi-submersible barges already used for transporting caissons in the dock construction, thus eliminating the need to invest in costly crawler cranes or lifting vessels to launch the underwater leveling machine, thereby effectively reducing construction costs. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the caisson transportation according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the movement of the caisson in this invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a top view of the caisson of the present invention on the support platform.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a top view of the caisson of the present invention on a semi-submersible barge.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a top view schematic diagram of the semi-submersible barge carrying a caisson being towed according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a left-side schematic diagram of the caisson of the present invention on a semi-submersible barge.

[0023] Figure 7This is a top view schematic diagram of the square barge towing the caisson out of the semi-submersible barge according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a top view schematic diagram of the barge traction and turning of the caisson according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 9 This is a front view of the caisson of the present invention on the support platform.

[0026] Figure 10 Appendix of the present invention Figure 9 Enlarged schematic diagram of section A in the middle.

[0027] Figure 11 This is a front view schematic diagram of the underwater leveling machine of the present invention on the support platform.

[0028] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the underwater leveling machine of the present invention (the semi-submersible barge platform and the support platform are flush).

[0029] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the underwater leveling machine of the present invention (the semi-submersible barge platform and the support platform are not level).

[0030] Figure 14 This is a front view schematic diagram of the underwater leveling machine of the present invention located on a semi-submersible barge.

[0031] Figure 15 This is a top-view schematic diagram of a semi-submersible barge carrying an underwater leveling machine, according to the present invention.

[0032] Figure 16 This is a top view schematic diagram of the barge towing underwater leveling machine of the present invention moving out of the semi-submersible barge.

[0033] Figure 17 This is a front view schematic diagram of the barge traction underwater leveling machine of the present invention removing a semi-submersible barge.

[0034] Figure 18 This is a front view schematic diagram of the crane on the barge of the present invention lifting the underwater leveling machine to the working position.

[0035] Figure 19 This is a three-dimensional structural view of the underwater leveling machine of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 20 Appendix of the present invention Figure 19 Enlarged schematic diagram of section B in the middle.

[0037] Figure 21 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the cooperation structure between the end structure and the transverse frame of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the first vertical lifting support leg of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the second vertical lifting support leg of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 24 This is a longitudinal section diagram of the second crossbeam of the present invention.

[0041] The markings in the diagram are: 1-Second main frame, 10-Underwater leveling machine, 11-Second crossbeam, 12-Second longitudinal beam, 13-End structure, 100-Support platform, 101-Flexible buffer structure, 102-Overlapping platform, 103-Steel platform, 104-Steel pipe pile, 112-Compressed air drainage chamber, 113-Block, 114-First gap, 115-Support beam, 116-Second vertical through hole, 117-First vertical support gantry, 118-Water passage hole, 119-Inlet and outlet, 131-First hole, 132-First side wall, 133-First through hole; 2-First main frame, 21-First crossbeam, 22-First longitudinal beam, 200-Semi-submersible barge, 201-Platform, 202-Forward tower, 203-Stern tower, 204-First winch, 205-First aft mooring rope, 206-Second traction wire rope, 207-Second winch, 208-Sterning winch, 209-Sterning wire rope, 210-Semi-submersible barge platform, 211-Third winch, 212-Boat assembly, 213-Main towing cable, 214-Triangular plate, 215-Wire cable, 216-Second aft mooring rope, 221-First vertical through hole, 223-Second vertical support gantry; 3-Sunken box, 31-First vertical lifting outrigger, 32-Second vertical lifting outrigger, 33-Horizontal moving frame, 301-Exit passage, 302-Airbag, 303-Timber, 304-First traction wire rope, 305-Rear sliding wire rope, 300-Storage area, 311-First vertical telescopic mechanism, 321-Second vertical telescopic mechanism, 331-Second opening; 4- Lateral telescopic mechanism, 41- First lateral support, 42- First lateral support gantry, 400- Lowering pit; 5-Longitudinal telescopic mechanism, 51-First longitudinal support, 52-Second longitudinal support, 500-Health pool; 6-Measuring tower, 600-Base bed; 7-Placement pipe, 700-Square barge, 701-Anchor winch, 702-Crane, 703-Front cable. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. However, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention to the following embodiments; all technologies implemented based on the content of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0043] Unless otherwise specified, the use of terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "center," "inner," and "outer" to indicate orientation or positional relationships in the description of specific embodiments of the present invention is based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product / equipment / device is typically placed during use. These terms are merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of the present invention or simplifying the description in specific embodiments, enabling those skilled in the art to quickly understand the solution, and do not indicate or imply that a particular device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0044] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," and "parallel" does not imply that the corresponding device / component / element must be absolutely horizontal, vertical, suspended, or parallel, but rather that it can be slightly tilted or have a deviation. For example, "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," not that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted. Alternatively, it can be simplified to mean that the corresponding device / component / element, when set in a "horizontal," "vertical," "suspended," or "parallel" direction, can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction, more preferably within ±8%, more preferably within ±6%, more preferably within ±5%, and more preferably within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element can still achieve its function in the present invention within the error / deviation range, it is acceptable.

[0045] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first," "second," and "third" in terminology is merely for distinguishing descriptions of identical or similar components and should not be interpreted as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of a particular component.

[0046] Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several", "more than", and "a number of" represent at least two. The number can be any number, such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, and can even exceed nine.

[0047] Furthermore, in the description of the technical solution of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified / limited / restricted, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," "link," "provided with," "laid out," and "arranged" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to common connection methods in the art, such as welding, riveting, bolting, and threaded connections. Such connections can be mechanical, electrical, or communication connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components.

[0048] Example 1 like Figures 1-24 As shown, a caisson construction method in this embodiment includes the following steps: S1. Set up a support platform 100, assemble the underwater leveling machine 10 on the support platform 100, and moor the semi-submersible barge 200 to the seaward side of the support platform 100; S2. The underwater leveling machine 10 travels to the semi-submersible barge 200 and is transported to the vicinity of the base bed 600 via the semi-submersible barge 200; S3. The underwater leveling machine 10 detaches from the semi-submersible barge 200 and reaches the base bed 600 to carry out leveling operations. The base bed 600 is the underwater area for installing the caisson 3. S4. Moor the semi-submersible barge 200 again to the seaward side of the support platform 100, and move the caisson 3 from the support platform 100 to the semi-submersible barge 200; S5. Based on the semi-submersible barge 200, transport the caisson 3 to the foundation bed 600 and install the caisson 3.

[0049] The caisson construction method described in this embodiment is based on the support platform 100 and relies on the self-moving capability of the underwater leveling machine 10. It can use semi-submersible barges and square barges to carry out the launching operations of the caisson 3 and the underwater leveling machine, so that there is no need to invest in a separate crawler crane or ship crane with high cost and large specifications to lift the underwater leveling machine into the water, thereby effectively reducing the construction cost of the wharf.

[0050] A preferred embodiment: The semi-submersible barge includes a semi-submersible barge platform 210, and a head tower 202 and a tail tower 203 installed on the semi-submersible barge platform 210. When the semi-submersible barge 200 is moored with the seaward side of the support platform 100, the head tower 202 is located between the support platform 100 and the tail tower 203. At least two first winches 204 are installed on the tail tower 203. The first winch 204 leads out a first rear cable 205. The first rear cable 205 is connected to one end of the underwater leveling machine 10 near the tail tower 203. At least two first rear cables 205 are arranged in a cross pattern. At least two anchor winches 701 are installed on the barge 700. The anchor winches 701 have front cables 703 extending out from them. The front cables 703 are connected to the underwater leveling machine 10 near one end of the barge 700. At least two front cables 703 are arranged in a cross pattern. Both the first rear cable 205 and the front cable 703 are tensioned, and both the first rear cable 205 and the front cable 703 provide an upward vertical force to the underwater leveling machine 10.

[0051] A preferred embodiment: S3 specifically includes the following steps: S31. The semi-submersible barge 200 drives the underwater leveling machine 10 to above the submersible pit 400; S32. The semi-submersible barge 200 descends to the sinkhole 400, causing the underwater leveling machine 10 to detach vertically from the semi-submersible barge 200 based on its own buoyancy; S33. Using the barge 700 to drive the front cable 703, the underwater leveling machine 10 and the semi-submersible barge 200 are separated in the horizontal direction, and the first rear cable 205 is extended simultaneously. S34. The barge 700 uses the front cable 703 to move the underwater leveling machine 10 above the base bed 600; S35. Use the crane 702 on the barge 700 to lift the underwater leveling machine 10 and lower it to the working position.

[0052] A preferred embodiment: S4 specifically preferably includes the following steps: S41. An airbag 302 is provided at the bottom of the caisson 3. The caisson 3 is pulled by a traction rope and moved to the support platform 100 by the airbag 302. S42. The caisson 3 is towed by a tow rope, and the caisson 3 is moved onto the semi-submersible barge 200 by means of the airbag 302.

[0053] A preferred embodiment: S5 specifically preferably includes the following steps: S51. The semi-submersible barge 200 moves the caisson 3 to above the lower diving pit 400; S52. The semi-submersible barge 200 descends to the submersion pit 400, causing the semi-submersible barge 200 and the caisson 3 to vertically separate; S53. The caisson 3 is horizontally separated from the semi-submersible barge 200 by the barge 700, and the barge 700 lifts the caisson 3 and lowers it into the health pool 500. The lowering is also called surfacing. S54. Use barge 700 to tow the caisson 3 in the health pool 500 to the installation position.

[0054] The preferred structure of the outbound channel 301: The outbound channel 301 is located between the support platform 100 and the storage area 300. The outbound channel 301 preferably has a 1:60 slope section that is inclined toward the support platform 100.

[0055] The preferred structure of the support platform 100 is as follows: The support platform 100 includes several arrayed steel pipe piles 104 and a steel platform 103 supported on the upper part of the steel pipe piles 104. The support platform 100 has a recessed overlapping platform 102 on the seaward side. The support platform 100 is a high-pile pier structure, and is connected to the transport channel 301 and the storage area 300 at the rear. The front edge of the support platform 100 is 70-100m away from the front edge of the general berth. The elevation of the wharf platform is ≥2.4m. The overlapping platform 102 is used to overlap the semi-submersible barge 200, and the elevation of the overlapping platform 102 is ≥1.5m. A tail winch 208 is installed on the support platform 100, and a tail wire rope 209 is wound out of the tail winch 208. The preferred structure of the semi-submersible barge 200 includes a semi-submersible barge platform 210, a head tower 202, and a tail tower 203. When the semi-submersible barge 200 is moored with the seaward side of the support platform 100, the head tower 202 is closer to the support platform 100 than the tail tower 203. like Figure 10 As shown, the semi-submersible barge 200 has a protruding landing platform 201 adapted to the overlapping platform 102 at its front end. The surface of the steel platform 103 is flush with the top surface of the landing platform 201. A flexible buffer structure 101 is provided between the bottom surface of the landing platform 201 and the top surface of the overlapping platform 102. For example, the flexible buffer structure 101 is supported above the overlapping platform 102. The flexible buffer structure 101 is preferably a rubber pad with a thickness of ≥5cm to protect the surface of the overlapping platform 102.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment: a first winch 204 is installed on the tail tower 203, and a first rear cable 205 is led out from the first winch 204; a third winch 211 is installed on the head tower 202, and a second rear cable 216 is led out from the third winch 211.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment: at least two second winches 207 and traction pulley blocks are provided on the semi-submersible barge platform 210, and the second winches 207 are provided with second traction steel wire ropes 206; the second winches 207 are preferably located between the two tail towers 203 and are spaced apart.

[0058] The preferred structure of the submersible pit 400 is as follows: the dimensions of the submersible pit are: a width of 55m-60m, a length of 90m-110m, a water depth of -18m to -22m, and a distance of 55m-65m between the submersible pit and the aquaculture pool.

[0059] The preferred structure of the well-being pool 500 is as follows: The well-being pool 500 at sea is backfilled with 2m thick medium-coarse sand to accommodate the stacking of multiple caissons 3. More specifically, the well-being pool is dredged to -16m, backfilled with 2m thick medium-coarse sand, resulting in an elevation of -14m, accommodating the stacking of 22 caissons. The well-being pool 500 is located on one side of the submersible pit 400, and the dimensions of the well-being pool area are: preferably 65m-85m wide and preferably 90m-110m long.

[0060] The preferred structure of the barge 700 is as follows: the barge 700 is equipped with at least 3 anchor winches 701, at least 1 generator and at least 1 crane 702 to pull the caisson 3 out of the barge, and the anchor winches 701 lead out the front cable 703.

[0061] The following is a preferred method: the caisson 3 of this project is prefabricated in the land prefabrication yard and then transported to the support platform 100, and then to the semi-submersible barge 200.

[0062] like Figure 1 As shown, the shipment sequence of caisson 3 is as follows: storage area 300 → support platform 100 → semi-submersible barge 200 → submersible pit 400 → conditioning pool 500 → foundation bed 600 installation. Specifically, caisson 3 is transported from storage area 300 to the seaward side of support platform 100, where semi-submersible barge 200 is moored and loaded with caisson 3. Subsequently, vessel group 212 tows semi-submersible barge 200 to the construction site. Semi-submersible barge 200 is positioned and submerged in the designated submersible pit 400, and caisson 3 is moved to conditioning pool 500 for storage. Afterward, barge 700 tows caisson 3 for installation.

[0063] Caisson 3 is stored in storage area 300: Caisson 3 rests on steel supports, and there are gaps between adjacent steel supports for placing airbags 302.

[0064] Figure 1 The dashed line in the diagram represents the area that the semi-submersible barge 200 can pass through.

[0065] like Figure 2 As shown, the caisson 3 moves towards the support platform 100 via the transport channel 301: the caisson 3 is pulled through the transport channel 301 and transported to the support platform 100 by the first traction steel wire rope 304. A long strip-shaped airbag 302 is set under the caisson 3 in the storage area 300. The airbag 302 is inflated, and the airbag 302 lifts the caisson 3, so that the caisson 3 separates from the steel support. The steel support is removed, and the caisson 3 is pulled from the storage area 300 to the transport channel 301 by the first traction steel wire rope 304. When the caisson 3 moves to the slope section of the transport channel 301, it moves forward by the component force along the slope direction caused by the weight of the caisson 3. The forward speed of the caisson 3 is controlled by the rear guide steel wire rope 305, so that the first traction steel wire rope 304 and the rear guide steel wire rope 305 run synchronously to ensure that the caisson 3 moves smoothly.

[0066] More specifically, using a winch and corresponding ground anchors at the front and rear of the caisson 3, pulley blocks and wire ropes are connected to the pull points of the caisson 3 to make it bear force, and the airbag 302 under the caisson 3 is inflated. After the caisson 3 is lifted and completely separated from the supporting steel piers, the surrounding steel piers are removed. At this time, the first traction wire rope 304 at the front end provides traction force to the caisson 3, and the caisson 3 moves forward. The front end of the first traction wire rope 304 is set at the support platform 100 or the transport channel 301.

[0067] like Figure 3 and Figure 9 As shown, the caisson 3 is moved to the support platform 100: After the caisson 3 reaches the support platform 100, the second traction steel wire rope 206 on the semi-submersible barge 200 is used to pull the caisson 3, waiting for the subsequent loading and transfer of the caisson 3 onto the ship; when the caisson 3 reaches the designated location on the support platform 100, the first traction steel wire rope 304 and the rear guide steel wire rope 305 are stopped simultaneously, and the support steel piers are placed at various points around the caisson 3. Then, all the airbags 302 at the bottom of the caisson 3 are deflated so that the caisson 3 can be smoothly lowered onto the steel piers. At this time, the second winch 207 is located in front of the caisson 3, and the tail winch 208 is located behind the caisson 3.

[0068] During the relocation process, the airbag 302 that rolls out from the rear of the caisson 3 is repeatedly flipped forward by a forklift and repositioned under the caisson 3, so that the airbag 302 can be reused.

[0069] Semi-submersible barge 200 docks with support platform 100: After the semi-submersible barge 200 is moored, it docks with support platform 100. The ballast water is adjusted so that the semi-submersible barge platform 210 of the semi-submersible barge 200 is flush with the support platform 100. That is, when docking, the upper surfaces of the semi-submersible barge platform 210 and the support platform 100 are at the same elevation.

[0070] like Figure 4 As shown, the caisson 3 is loaded onto the barge: the second traction wire rope 206 and the tail wire rope 209 are connected to the caisson 3, and the second traction wire rope 206 and the tail wire rope 209 are kept as synchronized as possible. Each airbag 302 is symmetrically inflated to lift the caisson 3 to the working height of the barge and the support steel pier is removed.

[0071] The second winch 207 is activated to pull the caisson 3 to the designated position via the second traction wire rope 206. The loading operation is the same as the movement of the caisson 3, both using airbags 302 for movement. The horizontal movement of the caisson 3 uses the airbag 302 handling technology. The joint between the semi-submersible barge 200 and the support platform 100 is padded with steel plates for transition. After the caisson 3 begins to be loaded onto the barge, the ballast water is adjusted so that the semi-submersible barge platform 210 at the stern of the semi-submersible barge 200 is flush with the top surface of the support platform 100.

[0072] Specifically, during the entire process of loading caisson 3 onto the barge, a level instrument is used to observe the height difference between the bow and stern of the semi-submersible barge 200. Based on the height difference data, ballast water is adjusted to keep the semi-submersible barge 200 level, and to maintain the stern level with the support platform 100. When the stern of caisson 3 sinks during loading, the second traction cable 206 should be suspended, and the ballast water at the stern should be promptly removed to adjust the barge's buoyancy. Once the surface of the semi-submersible barge platform 210 is flush with the surface of the support platform 100, forward traction can continue.

[0073] After the caisson 3 is moved to its designated resting position on the semi-submersible barge platform 210 of the semi-submersible barge 200, the second traction wire rope 206 stops traction. Support sleepers are then laid in all gaps between the airbags 302, filling the gaps between the airbags 302 at the bottom of the caisson 3 while leaving some slack. The sleepers are then linked together with wire ropes to prevent them from floating after the caisson 3 submerges. Each sleeper is then welded and fixed to the semi-submersible barge platform 210 with two U-shaped flat irons. The exhaust valves of each airbag 302 are then opened simultaneously to slowly release air, allowing the caisson 3 to be smoothly placed on the support sleepers. The airbags 302 are then removed, and the stern-guided wire rope 209 is released. The ballast water of the semi-submersible barge 200 is adjusted to maintain its normal operating condition.

[0074] like Figure 5 As shown, the semi-submersible barge 200 is towed. The caisson 3 enters the semi-submersible barge 200 and is placed in the middle position. After positioning, the semi-submersible barge 200 is adjusted so that the semi-submersible barge platform 210 is higher than the support platform 100. Then, the semi-submersible barge 200 is completely separated from the support platform 100, the mooring lines are released, the vessel is moved and anchor is raised, and the semi-submersible barge 200 begins tow. The preferred vessel group 212 is a tugboat. The tugboat extends the main towline 213, and the semi-submersible barge 200 uses a figure-eight steel wire cable 215. The two are connected to a triangular plate 214. When navigating the towing channel, the towing length and the towline length are both controlled by the tugboat [the towing length refers to the distance from the stern of the tugboat to the stern of the towed vessel, approximately 60m]. The width of the towline is the width of the semi-submersible barge 200, approximately 32m~40m. After the towline connection is completed, the tugboat tows the semi-submersible barge 200 from the support platform 100 to the lower submersible pit 400.

[0075] like Figure 6 As shown, the semi-submersible barge 200 submersible descends, is towed to the 400-meter depth of the submersible pit, completes the towing mission, and releases the tow cable; the semi-submersible barge 200 then positions itself above the 400-meter depth of the submersible pit and anchors; as... Figure 7As shown, two first rear cables 205 are connected to the side of the caisson 3 away from the barge 700. The two first rear cables 205 are arranged in a cross pattern. Two second rear cables 216 are connected to the end or side of the caisson 3 near the barge 700. The two second rear cables 216 form a figure-eight shape. The semi-submersible barge 200 descends to the lower pit 400, so that the semi-submersible barge 200 and the caisson 3 are vertically separated. Specifically, the preferred method is as follows: After the semi-submersible barge 200 enters the lower pit 400, the surveyor uses GPS to assist the semi-submersible barge 200 in accurately anchoring and positioning itself in the lower pit 400.

[0076] The 700 barge was anchored and positioned in advance at the exit of the 400-meter-deep submersible pit, approximately 40-60 meters from the 200-meter semi-submersible barge. A mobile electrical box was connected to the generator on the 700 barge and hoisted onto the top platform of the caisson 3 using a crane 702. This box provides power for water filling, pumping, and lighting during the construction process. The electrical box cables were tied to buoys and floated on the water surface.

[0077] The barge 700, equipped with a working platform, approaches the semi-submersible barge 200. Before the semi-submersible barge 200 dives, the crane 702 on the barge 700 lifts the working platform onto the semi-submersible barge platform 210 of the semi-submersible barge 200, and then the barge 700 withdraws.

[0078] The crane on the semi-submersible barge 200 was used to install the working platform for the caisson 3. This platform mainly serves as the work area for the construction workers of the caisson 3.

[0079] To facilitate the towing, tailing, turning, installation and adjustment of caisson 3 during construction, a pre-embedded pull ring needs to be installed on the top of caisson 3. The pre-embedded pull ring is preferably made of round steel.

[0080] A submersible pump is installed inside caisson 3 to pump ballast water out of the caisson. The semi-submersible barge 200 is then filled with water and submerged. When caisson 3 reaches a certain draft, the water injection valve is opened to inject ballast water into caisson 3, and the ballast water depth is verified. Once caisson 3 is filled with ballast water, the water injection valve is closed. When caisson 3 reaches a draft of approximately 5m, the semi-submersible barge 200 stops submerging. Caisson 3 is connected to the anchor winch 701 on the barge 700 via the front cable 703. The semi-submersible barge 200 continues submerging until caisson 3 floats at a stable draft. At this point, the bottom of caisson 3 is at the critical point of separation from the supporting wooden beams 303. The submersible barge 200's submersion speed is slowed down. The semi-submersible barge 200 continues submerging until the bottom of caisson 3 is ≥30cm from the semi-submersible barge platform 210 of the semi-submersible barge 200. The anchor winch 701 on the barge 700 is then activated, placing the front cable 703 under slight stress. Based on the situation after the caisson 3 floats up, the ballast water of the caisson 3 is slightly adjusted to make it float and reach a stable equilibrium state.

[0081] During the above process, when the semi-submersible barge 200 submerges 1 meter, the front cable 703 is used for mooring. The mooring ends after the water injection reaches a stable floating state. The four cables are connected to the pre-embedded rings at the four corners of the caisson 3 using four shackles. When mooring, the cables are crisscrossed on both sides of the direction the caisson 3 exits the barge to ensure that the caisson 3 is sent out of the semi-submersible barge 200 an effective distance.

[0082] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the caisson 3 is launched from the barge: After the caisson 3 reaches the required level of floating stability and is in a balanced state, taking the barge 700 with three winches 701 as an example: the front cables 703 of the two outer winches 701 are respectively connected to the corners of the front end of the caisson 3 in the direction of movement, and the caisson 3 is slowly dragged out of the barge. At the same time, the tension of the first rear cable 205 and the second rear cable 216 is adjusted according to the moving speed of the caisson 3 to ensure that the caisson 3 is launched slowly and at a constant speed. When caisson 3 has just completely exited the barge, traction is paused. The ballast water depth and balance of caisson 3 are observed. If the balance is not stable, the ballast water injection is adjusted. Once stability is ensured, the anchor winch 701 is restarted to slowly and evenly pull caisson 3 out of the submersion area. When caisson 3 is about 30m away from barge 700, the front cable 703 led out by the middle anchor winch 701 is connected to a corner at the rear of caisson 3. The corner is located on the back side of the turning. The turning of caisson 3 is completed by the joint adjustment of the three anchor winches 701. Then, caisson 3 is close to barge 700 and moves with barge 700 to above the foundation bed 600 or at the maintenance pool 500.

[0083] Taking the 700 barge with four winches 701 as an example: After the caisson 3 reaches the required draft for floating stability and is in a balanced state, the four winch operators on the 700 barge start the first traction wire rope of the winch, slowly dragging the caisson 3 out of the barge. At the same time, the tension of the tail cable is adjusted according to the moving speed of the caisson 3 to ensure that the caisson 3 exits the barge slowly and at a uniform speed. When the caisson 3 has just completely exited the barge, the traction is paused, and the ballast water depth and balance of the caisson 3 are observed. If the balance is not reached, the ballast water is adjusted again. After stabilization, the winches are started again to slowly and uniformly drag the caisson 3 out of the submersion area. When the caisson 3 is about 30m away from the 700 barge, the winch on the barge is used to turn the caisson 3. Then the caisson 3 is close to the 700 barge and moves with the 700 barge to the top of the foundation bed or the conditioning pool 500.

[0084] Installation of caisson 3: There are two scenarios for the installation of caisson 3: installation by taking parts from the 500-meter-deep conditioning pool and installation by directly installing caisson 3 after it is shipped out. Installation by taking parts from the 500-meter-deep conditioning pool requires pumping water to float caisson 3.

[0085] At least eight submersible pumps were inserted into the compartments through the pre-drilled holes in the cover plate of caisson 3. Each pump was suspended 1 meter from the bottom of caisson 3 by a hemp rope, which was then securely tied to the working platform of caisson 3. A generator powered the pumping. To ensure the stability of caisson 3 after it floats, the theoretical pumping depth was calculated in advance, but the required pressurized water level for stable floating of caisson 3 was ensured. During pumping, the electrician and operators of caisson 3 continuously checked the operation of the submersible pumps, cables, and other mechanical equipment; the crane operator continuously checked the water level changes and floating status changes within the compartments. Pumping was stopped once the bottom of caisson 3 was 50 cm above the foundation. To avoid excessive stress on the partition walls of caisson 3 during pumping, the water level difference between each compartment must not exceed 1 meter.

[0086] Bollard 700 towing caisson 3: Bollard 700 tows caisson 3 by directly anchoring or by tugboat to the foundation bed 600, and then the positioning and installation of caisson 3 and backfilling inside the caisson are carried out.

[0087] The installation of caisson 3 is preferably carried out from one side to the other. For example, the installation of caisson 3 is preferably carried out from west to east: first install one end-sealing caisson 3 on the west side, then install multiple caisson 3 in sequence, then install one end-sealing caisson 3 on the east side, and finally install the last caisson 3 between the multiple caisson 3 and the end-sealing caisson 3.

[0088] like Figures 19-24 As shown, the self-propelled capability of the underwater leveling machine 10 is as follows: The underwater leveling machine described in this embodiment preferably includes a first main frame 2 and a second main frame 1. The first main frame 2 and the second main frame 1 achieve walking movement of the underwater leveling machine through at least four first vertical lifting legs 31 and at least four second vertical lifting legs 32, wherein: The first main frame 2 includes two spaced first longitudinal beams 22, and a first crossbeam 21 is connected between the ends of the two first longitudinal beams 22 on the same side; the second vertical lifting leg 32 is supported and connected to the first main frame 2. The second main frame 1 includes four arrayed end structures 13. A second longitudinal beam 12 connects adjacent end structures 13 longitudinally, and a second transverse beam 11 connects adjacent end structures 13 transversely. A first vertical lifting leg 31 is connected to the second transverse beam 11. Each end structure 13 has a first hole 131 extending through it along the length of the first longitudinal beam 22. A transverse frame 33 is installed within the first hole 131. The transverse frame 33 can slide with the first longitudinal beam 22 via a longitudinal telescopic mechanism 5. The transverse frame 33 slides with the end structure 13 along the length of the second transverse beam 11 via a transverse telescopic mechanism 4. The transverse frame 33 and the end structure 13 are relatively limited along the direction of the first longitudinal beam 22, preferably limited by a key and groove connection. The transverse frame 33 has a second hole 331 adapted to the first longitudinal beam 22 along the opening direction of the first hole 131. A transverse frame 33 is fitted onto the outside of the first longitudinal beam 22, which passes through and slides through the second hole 331. The second longitudinal beam 12 is fitted onto the outside of the first longitudinal beam 22 on the corresponding side, and the first longitudinal beam 22 can move relative to the second longitudinal beam 12 along its length. By providing a transverse frame 33 between the end structure 13 and the first longitudinal beam 22, the relative movement between the first longitudinal beam 22 and the end structure 13 along the longitudinal direction is achieved based on the sliding engagement between the first longitudinal beam 22 and the transverse frame 33. This achieves the purpose of the first vertical lifting leg 31 and the second vertical lifting leg 32 moving in a stepping manner. The second vertical lifting leg 32 is connected to the first longitudinal beam 22. Moreover, based on the sliding engagement with the end structure 13 along the radial direction of the first hole 131, the relative movement of the first longitudinal beam 22 and the end structure 13 along the radial direction of the first hole 131 is realized, thereby achieving the purpose of the first vertical lifting leg 31 and the second vertical lifting leg 32 moving in a stepping manner or correcting deviation along the length direction of the first hole 131.

[0089] The transverse frame 33 and the end structure 13 are restricted from sliding relative to each other along the length direction of the first hole 131 by a limiting structure, and the limiting structure does not restrict the transverse frame 33 from sliding relative to the end structure 13 radially along the first hole 131. However, when the first longitudinal beam 22 moves relative to the transverse frame 33 along the length direction of the first hole 131, there is no relative movement between the transverse frame 33 and the end structure 13, or the relative movement displacement is very small. The limiting structure preferably includes a matching groove and a slider. The groove is provided along the length direction of the second crossbeam 11, and one of the transverse frame 33 and the end structure 13 is provided with the groove, and the other is provided with the slider.

[0090] The end structure 13 has a first sidewall 132 located on one side of the first hole 131. A first gap 114 is provided between the transverse frame 33 and the first sidewall 132. A first through hole 133 is provided on the first sidewall 132. A first transverse support gantry 42 is connected to the outer wall of the first sidewall 132. A first transverse support 41 is connected to the transverse frame 33. The first transverse support 41 is located in the first gap 114. A transverse telescopic mechanism 4 is connected between the first transverse support gantry 42 and the first transverse support 41. The transverse telescopic mechanism 4 passes through the first through hole 133. The transverse telescopic mechanism 4 drives the transverse frame 33 to reciprocate relative to the end structure 13 by telescopically extending and retracting along the length direction of the second crossbeam 11. The transverse telescopic mechanism 4 can drive the transverse frame 33 away from or closer to the first sidewall 132, so as to achieve the purpose of the transverse frame 33 slidingly engaging with the end structure 13 radially along the first hole 131. The transverse telescopic mechanism 4 is preferably a telescopic hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder.

[0091] A first longitudinal support 51 is connected to the transverse frame 33. The first longitudinal support 51 is preferably located within the first gap 114. A second longitudinal support 52 is connected to the first longitudinal beam 22. A longitudinal telescopic mechanism 5 is connected between the first longitudinal support 51 and the second longitudinal support 52. The longitudinal telescopic mechanism 5 can extend and retract along the length direction of the first longitudinal beam 22. The longitudinal telescopic mechanism 5 drives the first longitudinal beam 22 to slide and engage with the transverse frame 33 along the length direction of the first hole 131. The longitudinal telescopic mechanism 5 is preferably a telescopic hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder.

[0092] The first longitudinal beam 22 is provided with a first vertical through hole 221. The second vertical lifting support leg 32 includes a second vertical telescopic mechanism 321 and a second vertical support gantry 223. The second vertical support gantry 223 is disposed above the first vertical through hole 221 and is detachably connected to the first longitudinal beam 22 by a pin or bolt group. The upper end of the second vertical telescopic mechanism 321 is connected to the second vertical support gantry 223, and the lower end is vertically slidingly engaged with the first vertical through hole 221. The second vertical telescopic mechanism 321 is preferably a hydraulic cylinder.

[0093] A support beam 115 protrudes from the side of the second crossbeam 11 near the first crossbeam 21. The support beam 115 has a second vertical through hole 116. A first vertical lifting leg 31 is connected to the support beam 115. The first vertical lifting leg 31 includes a first vertical telescopic mechanism 311 and a first vertical support gantry 117 located above the second vertical through hole 116. Both ends of the first vertical support gantry 117 are detachably connected to the support beam 115 via pins. The upper end of the first vertical telescopic mechanism 311 is connected to the first vertical support gantry 117, and the lower end slides vertically into the second vertical through hole 116. The first vertical telescopic mechanism 311 is preferably a hydraulic cylinder. The second vertical lifting leg 32 and the first vertical lifting leg 31 preferably have the same structure.

[0094] like Figure 11 As shown, in step S1, the underwater leveling machine 10 is assembled on the support platform 100, with the following preferred configuration: S11. Transfer the underwater leveling machine 10 components to the support platform 100; S12. Assemble the second main frame 1, the transverse frame 33, the first vertical lifting support leg 31, and the transverse telescopic mechanism 4; S13. Install the first longitudinal beam 22, which passes through the second longitudinal beam 12 and the end structure 13 on the same side. Install the second vertical lifting leg 32 on the first longitudinal beam 22, and then install the first crossbeam 21. S14. Install other parts on the underwater leveling machine 10.

[0095] like Figure 12As shown, in S2, the underwater leveling machine 10 moving onto the semi-submersible barge 200 includes the following steps: S21. The first vertical lifting outrigger 31 supports the underwater leveling machine 10, and the second vertical lifting outrigger 32 is separated from the support platform 100; S22. Drive the first longitudinal beam 22 to move relative to the end structure 13 along the length direction of the first longitudinal beam 22; S23. The second vertical lifting outrigger 32 descends and supports the underwater leveling machine 10; S24. The first vertical lifting outrigger 31 rises and separates from the support platform 100; S25. Drive the end structure 13 to move relative to the first longitudinal beam 22 along the length direction of the first longitudinal beam 22; S26. Repeat S21-S25 until the underwater leveler 10 moves onto the semi-submersible barge 200.

[0096] like Figure 13 As shown, each of the second vertical lifting legs 32 can be raised and lowered independently, and each of the first vertical lifting legs 31 can be raised and lowered independently. This means that the surfaces of the semi-submersible barge platform 210 and the support platform 100 do not need to be flush. It is sufficient that the elevation difference between the semi-submersible barge platform 210 and the support platform 100 is less than the vertical lifting limit distance of the first vertical lifting legs 31 and the second vertical lifting legs 32. This makes construction convenient and does not require the same alignment precision as when loading the caisson 3 onto the barge, greatly reducing the difficulty of loading the underwater leveling machine 10 onto the barge.

[0097] Based on the above, when the underwater leveler 10 is located on the semi-submersible barge platform 210, the first vertical lifting leg 31 and the second vertical lifting leg 32 can be lowered simultaneously, so that the underwater leveler 10 has 8 points of support. Compared with the four-point support of the first vertical lifting leg 31 or the second vertical lifting leg 32, the underwater leveler 10 is more stable.

[0098] More preferably, when the underwater leveler 10 is located on the semi-submersible barge platform 210, the first vertical lifting leg 31 or the second vertical lifting leg 32 abuts against the limiting iron block around its perimeter, and the limiting iron block is welded or bolted to the semi-submersible barge platform 210 to prevent relative sliding between the underwater leveler 10 and the semi-submersible barge platform 210 when the semi-submersible barge 200 is towed. Afterwards, when it is necessary to separate the underwater leveler 10 and the semi-submersible barge 200, the limiting iron block can be removed.

[0099] In S4, the first rear cable 205 is connected to the end of the underwater leveling machine 10 near the tail tower 203, and at least two first rear cables 205 are arranged in a cross configuration. At least two anchor winches 701 are installed on the barge 700. The anchor winches 701 have front cables 703 extending out from them. The front cables 703 are connected to the underwater leveling machine 10 near one end of the barge 700. At least two front cables 703 are arranged in a cross pattern. Both the first rear cable 205 and the front cable 703 are tensioned, and both the first rear cable 205 and the front cable 703 provide an upward vertical component force to the underwater leveler 10, so as to provide a relatively stable lateral and vertical drag force to the underwater leveler 10 and maintain the stability of the underwater leveler 10 in the water.

[0100] like Figures 15-18 As shown, in S5, the barge 700 uses the front cable 703 to move the underwater leveler 10 above the base bed 600. Then, the crane 702 on the barge 700 lifts the underwater leveler 10 and submerges it to the working position. It should be noted that the crane 702 on the barge 700 cannot directly lift the underwater leveler 10 from the shore into the water. When the underwater leveler 10 is on the semi-submersible barge 200, since the semi-submersible barge 200 is submerged at the submersion pit 400, the underwater leveler 10 floats on the water surface. At this time, the barge 700 uses the front cable 703 to move the underwater leveler 10 above the base bed 600. Throughout the entire process, the underwater leveler 10 is on the water surface, so that the load of the crane 702 is less than the weight of the underwater leveler 10, which can also achieve the purpose of assisting the underwater leveler 10 to submerge to the working position.

[0101] In a preferred embodiment, a compressed air drainage chamber 112 is provided inside the second crossbeam 11 for leveling the underwater leveler 10 underwater and controlling the buoyancy and descent of the underwater leveler 10.

[0102] Preferably, at least two compressed air drainage chambers 112 are provided inside the second crossbeam 11. Adjacent compressed air drainage chambers 112 are equipped with partitions 113, and the partitions 113 have water passage holes 118. The bottom of each compressed air drainage chamber 112 has inlet and outlet ports 119. Preferably, a sealing door can be provided at the inlet and outlet ports 119, which can be controlled to open or close, for example, with a waterproof electronic switch. Alternatively, a sealing door can be omitted at the inlet and outlet ports 119.

[0103] Buoyancy Explanation: Six compressed air drainage chambers 112 are arranged on each of the two second crossbeams 11, for a total of 12 compressed air drainage chambers 112 in the whole machine; the maximum buoyancy generated by the two second crossbeams 11 is about 50t; both the first longitudinal beam 22 and the first crossbeam 21 are equipped with sealed chambers, so that the first longitudinal beam 22 and the first crossbeam 21 can be used as pontoons, each generating about 20t of buoyancy. The total buoyancy generated by the second crossbeams 11, the first longitudinal beam 22 and the first crossbeam 21 is greater than the total weight of the underwater leveler 10, and the total buoyancy generated by the first longitudinal beam 22 and the first crossbeam 21 is less than the total weight of the underwater leveler 10.

[0104] In the above situation, the explanation for the whole machine sinking to the bottom and buoyancy assisting to rise from the water is as follows: Before lifting and launching, the overall status of the machine is as follows: the measuring tower 6 is laid down, the first longitudinal beam 22, the material placing pipe 7, the lateral movement mechanism, and the longitudinal movement mechanism are all in the center position. The lateral movement mechanism is used to drive the material placing pipe 7 to move laterally. The crane 702 has a main hook and an auxiliary hook. The main hook of the crane 702 is attached to the four lifting points on the two second crossbeams 11, and the auxiliary hook of the crane 702 is attached to the material placing pipe 7. The underwater machine is lifted to the designated position and placed on the water surface. The slings are loosened. At this time, the buoyancy of the whole machine is greater than its own weight, and it is in a floating state. At the same time, the exhaust valves of one compressed air drainage chamber 112 of each second crossbeam 11 are opened symmetrically to observe the water draft of the whole machine. When the leveling machine sinks, the exhaust valves are closed. The crane 702 is operated to slowly release the hooks until the leveling machine sinks to the bottom. After all the exhaust valves are opened to allow water to enter the compressed air drainage chamber 112, the operator controls the erection of the measuring tower 6 through the control box to carry out subsequent measurement, positioning, and leveling operations.

[0105] When the entire machine needs to be removed from the water, the measuring tower 6 is lowered, the main hook is hooked onto the slings of the four lifting points on the underwater leveling machine 10, and at the same time, the air inlet valves of one compressed air drainage chamber 112 on each second crossbeam 11 are opened symmetrically to compress air. After one chamber is drained, the current valve is closed, and then the air inlet valves of the next compressed air drainage chamber 112 on each crossbeam are opened symmetrically. The operation is repeated. During the drainage process, the lifting weight display screen of the crane 702 is observed. When the displayed lifting weight drops to the target value range, the exhaust valve is closed, and the hook is raised until the entire machine floats to the surface.

[0106] In the above scheme, the measuring tower 6 is installed on the end structure 13, and the underwater leveling machine 10 is also equipped with a drive mechanism that can drive the measuring tower 6 to swing. In this embodiment, the measuring tower 6 is installed on the end structure 13. During transportation, the measuring tower 6 is set to a horizontal position, which effectively reduces the impact of the measuring tower 6 on the center of gravity and eccentricity of the underwater leveling machine 10 during transportation. Then, when launching, the measuring tower is rotated from horizontal to vertical to adapt to the construction conditions. By rotating the measuring tower from horizontal to vertical, the safety of transporting the underwater leveling machine 10 can be effectively improved while adapting to the construction conditions. At the same time, during transportation or launching, the slight swing of the measuring tower 6 can be used to fine-tune the center of gravity of the underwater leveling machine 10, making construction safer. The drive mechanism can drive the measuring tower 6 to rotate from horizontal to vertical, and also drive the measuring tower 6 to rotate from vertical to horizontal. The drive mechanism is preferably a hydraulic cylinder.

[0107] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a caisson, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Set up a support platform (100), place the underwater leveling machine (10) on the support platform (100), and moor the semi-submersible barge (200) against the seaward side of the support platform (100); S2. The underwater leveling machine (10) travels to the semi-submersible barge (200) and uses the semi-submersible barge (200) to transport the underwater leveling machine (10) to the vicinity of the base bed (600); S3. The underwater leveling machine (10) detaches from the semi-submersible barge (200) and reaches the bed (600) to carry out leveling operations; S4. Moor the semi-submersible barge (200) again to the seaward side of the support platform (100), and move the caisson (3) from the support platform (100) to the semi-submersible barge (200); S5. Based on the semi-submersible barge (200), transport the caisson (3) to the foundation bed (600) and install the caisson (3).

2. The caisson construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, S5 specifically includes the following steps: S51. The semi-submersible barge (200) moves the caisson (3) above the lower pit (400); S52. The semi-submersible barge (200) descends to the lowering pit (400), causing the semi-submersible barge (200) and the caisson (3) to vertically separate; S53. The caisson (3) is horizontally separated from the semi-submersible barge (200) by the barge (700), and the barge (700) lifts the caisson (3) and submerges it into the health pool (500). S54. Use a barge (700) to tow the caisson (3) in the health pool (500) to the installation position.

3. The caisson construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, S4 specifically includes the following steps: S41. An airbag (302) is provided at the bottom of the caisson (3). The caisson (3) is pulled by a traction rope and moved to the support platform (100) by the airbag (302). S42. The caisson (3) is pulled by a tow rope and moved onto the semi-submersible barge (200) by means of the airbag (302).

4. The caisson construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, S2 specifically includes the following steps: S21. The underwater leveling machine (10) moves onto the semi-submersible barge (200); S22. The semi-submersible barge (200) moves to the designated position; S23. The semi-submersible barge (200) submerges, causing the underwater leveling machine (10) to float, and the bottom of the underwater leveling machine (10) separates from the semi-submersible barge (200); S24. The underwater leveling machine (10) is horizontally separated from the semi-submersible barge (200) by the barge (700), and the barge (700) lifts the underwater leveling machine (10) and submerges it to the working position.

5. A caisson construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The underwater leveling machine (10) is assembled on the support platform (100).

6. A caisson construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The semi-submersible barge includes a semi-submersible barge platform (210), and a head tower (202) and a tail tower (203) installed on the semi-submersible barge platform (210). When the semi-submersible barge (200) is moored with the seaward side of the support platform (100), the head tower (202) is located between the support platform (100) and the tail tower (203). At least two first winches (204) are installed on the tail tower (203). The first winches (204) have first rear cables (205) leading out. The first rear cables (205) are connected to the end of the underwater leveling machine (10) near the tail tower (203). At least two first rear cables (205) are arranged in a cross configuration. At least two anchor winches (701) are installed on the barge (700), and a front cable (703) is led out from the anchor winch (701). The front cable (703) is connected to the end of the underwater leveling machine (10) near the barge (700), and at least two front cables (703) are arranged in a cross pattern. Both the first rear cable (205) and the front cable (703) are tensioned, and both the first rear cable (205) and the front cable (703) provide an upward vertical force to the underwater leveling machine (10).

7. A caisson construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that, S3 specifically includes the following steps: S31. The semi-submersible barge (200) drives the underwater leveling machine (10) to above the submersible pit (400); S32. The semi-submersible barge (200) descends to the sinkhole (400), causing the underwater leveling machine (10) to vertically separate from the semi-submersible barge (200) based on its own buoyancy; S33. Using the barge (700) to drive the front cable (703) to detach the underwater leveler (10) from the semi-submersible barge (200) in the horizontal direction, and the first rear cable (205) is extended simultaneously; S34. The barge (700) uses the front cable (703) to move the underwater leveler (10) above the bed (600); S35. Use the crane (702) on the barge (700) to lift the underwater leveling machine (10) and lower it to the working position.

8. A caisson construction method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The support platform (100) has a recessed overlapping platform (102) on the seaward side, and the semi-submersible barge (200) has a protruding mounting platform (201) that is adapted to the overlapping platform (102) at its front end. The surface of the support platform (100) is flush with the top surface of the mounting platform (201).

9. A caisson construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that, A flexible buffer structure (101) is provided between the surface of the overlapping platform (102) and the bottom surface of the overlapping platform (201).

10. A caisson construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The support platform (100) includes a plurality of steel pipe piles (104) arranged in an array and a steel platform (103) supported on the upper part of the steel pipe piles (104), the top surface of the steel platform (103) being flush with the top surface of the slab platform (201).

Images