Karst collapse combined renovation structure and construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geological disaster control, and discloses a karst collapse combined renovation structure and a construction method.The structure comprises a bottom plate structure, an arch foot structure, an arch beam structure and a suspender structure; the bottom plate structure is arranged at the top of a karst hole, the arch foot structures are arranged around the periphery of the bottom plate structure, the arched beam structures are arranged at equal intervals in the length direction of a square opening formed by the arch foot structures, and the two ends of the arch foot structures are installed on the arch foot structures at the corresponding positions. The upper end and the lower end of the suspender structure penetrate through the bottom plate structure and the arched beam correspondingly and are fixed to the bottom of the bottom plate structure and the outer side of the arched beam. According to the scheme, a combined structure of a steel structure and concrete is utilized, a bottom cross beam is replaced by the steel structure through the combined action of force, and the combined treatment structure for karst collapse is formed through coordinated assembly and layered backfilling of all the components. Meanwhile, assembly can be fast, operation is easy, and adaptability is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological disaster management technology, specifically to a combined treatment structure and construction method for karst collapse. Background Technology

[0002] Karst collapses mostly occur in soluble strata. Their distribution is constrained by the developmental patterns and degree of karst formation, and is also related to geological structure, topography, and the thickness of the overlying soil layer. When surface water infiltrates downwards or the groundwater level fluctuates frequently near the rock-soil interface, it erodes and vacuum-absorbs the soil within vertical karst conduits. The soil beneath these conduits is continuously carried away by groundwater as it collapses, creating cavities beneath the karst cavities. Under gravity, the surface shows signs of cracking and subsidence. Continuous vibrations and a drop in groundwater create a vacuum in the lower cavities. During heavy rainfall, the soil becomes increasingly saturated with water, its weight increases, and it softens, causing it to fall vertically, resulting in ground subsidence.

[0003] With the booming development of the economy, the transportation and economic construction in various regions has developed rapidly. A large number of tunnels have been built in most areas where karst collapses are distributed, which has had a significant impact on the local water environment. Moreover, some karst collapse areas are located in karst high-level troughs with complex geological conditions and highly developed karst phenomena, which leads to frequent ground collapses, causing secondary geological disasters such as the drying up of surface water bodies and deformation of houses, and has a significant impact on local economic development.

[0004] Because ground subsidence is insidious and sudden, it is difficult to predict. Most karst collapses are addressed through comprehensive remediation after they occur. Currently, the simplest, most direct, and effective remediation measure for karst collapses is backfilling. After locating the cavities, excavation is carried out to the bottom, and the cavities are sealed using a cover plate and crossbeams, followed by backfilling. However, when the karst cavities at the bottom are large, the crossbeams may have large cross sections, increasing the thickness of the bottom slab. Under the influence of the backfill material and its own weight, the beams and the bottom may fracture, leading to overall collapse and causing incalculable damage. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a combined treatment structure and construction method for karst collapse, in order to solve the problem that the current cover plate and beam structure is prone to fracture when treating large karst cavities, which leads to the collapse of the karst cavities.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this invention provides a combined remediation structure for karst collapse, comprising: a base slab structure, an arch foot structure, an arch beam structure, and a suspension rod structure; the base slab structure is positioned at the top of the karst cavity, the arch foot structure is positioned outside the base slab structure, the arch foot structure is arranged around the perimeter of the base slab structure, and the arch foot structure is located above the base slab structure; the arch beam structure is evenly spaced along the length of the opening formed by the arch foot structure, with each end of the arch foot structure respectively installed on the corresponding arch foot structure, the arch foot structure serving to support and fix the arch beam structure, the arch beam structure being located above the opening formed by the arch foot structure; the arch beam structure includes: an arch beam, a limiting tie rod, and... The arch beam is arc-shaped, with both ends mounted on the arch beam base on the inner side of the arch foot structure. At least one set of limiting components is located below the arch beam, each set including at least two limiting rods. One end of each limiting rod is fixed to the arch beam base and arch foot structure via a limiting nut, a tie rod washer, and a tie rod nut. The other end of each limiting rod is connected to an adjacent limiting rod via a turnbuckle. The upper and lower ends of the hanging rod structure pass through the base plate structure and the arch beam, respectively, and are fixed to the bottom of the base plate structure and the outer side of the arch beam. The hanging rod structure is perpendicular to the chord of the arch beam and the base plate, and is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the arch beam.

[0007] Each individual remediation structure is a self-contained system. Multiple combined structures can be arranged at equal intervals according to the length of the karst cavities. Each combined structure can be adjusted as needed, and ultimately, the combined system bears the load. In this scheme, the combined remediation structure transfers the upper pressure borne by the base plate to the arch beam structure through the suspension structure. After the arch beam structure is under load, it transfers the pressure to the arch foot structures at both ends. The arch foot structures are surrounded by backfill, which can absorb all the force and ultimately reduce the pressure.

[0008] Preferably, the base plate structure includes: a base plate, a first pad, and a first nut. The base plate is provided with hanger holes. The first pad and the first nut are used to fix the hanger structure to the bottom surface of the base plate. Multiple rows of hanger structures are symmetrically arranged along the arch beam, with two hanger structures in each row, fixed on the same first pad. When the hanger structure is subjected to unbalanced forces, the first pad and the arch beam can balance the forces, ensuring the performance of the structure.

[0009] Preferably, the arch foot structure includes: a gabion wall, a cross-shaped binding buckle, an arch beam positioning frame, a limiting screw, a washer, a second nut, and a limiting rope; the cross-shaped binding buckle is used to bind and fix four adjacent gabions in the upper and lower layers of the gabion wall; the arch beam base is provided with limiting screw holes and limiting tie rod holes, the arch beam positioning frame is fixed on the arch beam base, the arch beam positioning frame is used to support and fix the arch beam, the arch beam positioning frame opens upwards, and both ends of the arch beam are respectively inserted into the corresponding arch beam positioning frames; one end of the limiting screw is used to fix the arch beam base to the gabion wall, the washer and the second nut are used to fix the limiting screw to the arch beam base, and the other end of the limiting screw passes through the gabion wall and is tightened and locked with the four limiting screws fixed on the same arch beam base through the limiting rope. By fixing the arch beam base to the gabion wall with the limiting screw and further tightening and locking the limiting screw with the limiting rope, the structural fixation effect is better.

[0010] Preferably, limiting screws are provided at each of the four corners of the arch beam base, and the limiting screws are located on the outside of the limiting tie rod and the arch beam.

[0011] Preferably, the end of the limiting screw that passes through the gabion wall is provided with an annular joint, which facilitates the connection and installation of the limiting rope.

[0012] Preferably, the height of the gabion wall is 2 / 3 to 3 / 4 of the depth of the karst collapse pit.

[0013] Preferably, the gabion wall contains crushed stones and boulders of moderately weathered limestone or sandstone, with the diameter of the crushed stones and boulders being greater than or equal to 10cm.

[0014] Preferably, the suspension rod structure includes: a suspension rod, a second pad, and a third nut. The arch beam has a suspension rod hole. The top end of the suspension rod passes through the suspension rod hole on the arch beam and is fixed to the outside of the arch beam by the second pad and the third nut. The bottom end of the suspension rod passes through the suspension rod hole on the base plate and is fixed to the bottom of the base plate by the first pad and the first nut.

[0015] Preferably, the arch beam is provided with multiple hangers, which are distributed along the direction of the arch beam. The multiple hangers distribute the force more evenly, resulting in better support for the karst cavities. Specifically, multiple sets of hangers are provided along the direction of the arch beam, with each set of hangers distributed symmetrically in pairs on the arch beam.

[0016] To achieve the above objectives, this solution also provides a construction method for a combined karst collapse remediation structure, including:

[0017] Step 1: Determine the size boundaries of the karst cavities, and design and prefabricate the steel components of each structure, including the base plate structure, arch foot structure, arch beam structure, and suspension rod structure;

[0018] Step 2: Pass the hanger rod of the hanger rod structure through the pre-drilled hanger rod hole on the base plate, and install the first pad and the first nut to lock the hanger rod. At the same time, put the first nut on the top of the hanger rod to temporarily fix the hanger rod to the base plate, thus completing the installation of the hanger rod. Then place the base plate on the base plate area at the top of the karst hole to complete the installation of the base plate.

[0019] Step 3: Stack gabion walls around the karst cavities according to the design requirements, and then backfill the outside of the gabions up to the middle of the second layer of gabions. During backfilling, ensure that the hangers installed on the bottom plate remain vertical and upward. Place the limiting screws of the arch foot structure at the corresponding positions of the first and second layers of gabions.

[0020] Step 4: Weld the arch beam positioning frame to the inner side of the arch beam base, insert the limiting nut into a certain position at one end of the limiting tie rod, then pass the end through the arch beam base, and fix it on the back with tie rod pad and tie rod nut. Repeat the above process to complete the installation of the upper limit tie rod of a single arch beam base.

[0021] Step 5: Lock the limiting screw and the arch beam base with the washer and the second nut. Finally, connect and lock the limiting screw on the same arch beam base with the limiting rope to complete the installation of the arch foot structure. Then, backfill the outside of the gabion wall with filler until it is flush with the top of the gabion.

[0022] Step 6: With the arch beam opening facing downwards, install both ends on the corresponding arch beam positioning frame. Remove the first nut at the top of the hanger rod, pass it through the pre-drilled hole in the arch beam, and then fix the hanger rod to the arch beam using the second pad and the third nut. Then adjust the turnbuckle and the third nut between the limit tie rods to adjust the limit tie rods to the optimal stress state. Repeat steps 4, 5 and this step to complete the installation of the arch beam structure and hanger rod structure.

[0023] Step 7: Backfill the inside of the gabion wall until it is flush with the top of the gabion, thus completing the assembly of the entire karst collapse combined treatment structure.

[0024] Step 8: Backfill the area above the top of the gabion wall according to the design requirements.

[0025] This solution provides a combined steel structure and concrete structure. By combining forces, the steel structure replaces the bottom beam, while reducing the thickness of the base slab. Through the coordinated assembly of various components and layered backfilling, the coordinated force distribution of the base slab structure, arch foot structure, arch beam structure, and hanger structure forms a combined load-bearing structure, effectively treating the subsidence pit. It solves the problems of high stress on the base slab and large cross-section of the beam. It can also be quickly assembled and has the advantages of convenient construction, simple operation, and strong adaptability, making it well-suited for karst subsidence remediation projects. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a top view schematic diagram of the combined treatment structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 This is an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-section along the AA direction.

[0028] Figure 3 This is an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-section along the BB direction.

[0029] Figure 4 This is an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 Enlarged diagram of point C.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a top view of a single treatment structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a single treatment structure in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 7 This is a detailed diagram of the connection between the suspension rod structure and the base plate structure in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0034] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of the instruction manual include: base plate structure 1, base plate 11, first pad 12, first nut 13, arch foot structure 2, gabion wall 21, cross binding buckle 22, arch beam base 23, arch beam positioning frame 24, limiting screw 25, washer 26, second nut 27, limiting rope 28, arch beam structure 3, arch beam 31, limiting tie rod 32, turnbuckle 33, limiting nut 34, tie rod pad 35, tie rod nut 36, hanging rod structure 4, hanging rod 41, second pad 42, and third nut 43.

[0035] Example:

[0036] A combined remediation structure for karst collapse, such as Figure 1 - Figure 7 As shown, it includes: a base plate structure 11, an arch foot structure 2, an arch beam structure 3, and a suspension rod structure 4. In this scheme, the combined treatment structure transfers the upper pressure borne by the base plate 11 to the arch beam structure 3 through the suspension rod structure 4. After the arch beam structure 3 is subjected to force, it transfers the force to the arch foot structures 2 at both ends through the arch beam 31. The arch foot structure 2 is surrounded by backfill, which can absorb all the force, just like the force of an arch bridge, and finally reduce the pressure.

[0037] The base plate structure 1 is set at the top of the karst cavities, such as... Figure 1 As shown, due to the large longitudinal depth of karst cavities, a treatment structure is set at the top of the karst cavity to reduce costs while ensuring the treatment effect. The base plate structure 1 includes: a base plate 11, a first pad 12, and a first nut 13. The base plate 11 has holes for the hanging rod 41. The first pad 12 and the first nut 13 are used to fix the hanging rod structure 4 to the bottom surface of the base plate 11, and the hanging rod structure 4 and the base plate 11 are kept perpendicular. In this embodiment, the base plate 11 is prefabricated and hoisted or cast in place according to the size of the karst cavity. The length and width are (cavity length and width + 1) m, the thickness is 20 cm, and the outer 1 m overlaps with the perimeter of the karst cavity. At the same time, the hanging rod 41 holes for the hanging rod structure 4 are reserved at the corresponding positions of the base plate 11. When the karst cavity is large, the base plate 11 can be divided into sections according to the number of individual systems of the combined structure and cast in sections, and then assembled.

[0038] Multiple rows of hanger structures 4 are symmetrically arranged along the arch beam 31. Each row of hanger structures 4 consists of 2 rods, which are fixed on the same first pad 12. When the hanger structures 4 are subjected to unbalanced forces, the first pad 12 and the arch beam 31 can balance the forces and ensure the performance of the structure.

[0039] In this embodiment, the first pad 12 is a rectangular steel plate of 200mm×400mm×10mm, with two holes for the hangers 41 pre-drilled at the designated locations. A single base plate structure 1 requires three first pads 12. The first nut 13 is a high-strength nut that matches the hangers 41, and a single base plate structure 1 requires a total of three sets of six nuts.

[0040] The arch foot structure 2 is set on the outside of the base plate structure 1. The arch foot structure 2 is set around the perimeter of the base plate structure 1 and is located above the base plate structure 1. The arch foot structure 2 is used to transfer the pressure on the base plate 11 and limit the further development of karst cavities.

[0041] The arch foot structure 2 includes: gabion wall 21, cross binding buckle 22, arch beam positioning frame 24, limiting screw 25, washer 26, second nut 27 and limiting rope 28.

[0042] Cross-shaped binding buckles 22 are used to secure four adjacent gabions in the upper and lower layers of the gabion wall 21. During the stacking of gabions, steel wire ropes are used to bind the "cross" positions formed by stacking two gabions at each level using the cross-shaped binding method to ensure the stability of the gabions and restrict their movement. The height of the gabion wall 21 is 2 / 3 to 3 / 4 of the depth of the karst collapse pit. The gabion wall 21 contains crushed stone and boulders of moderately weathered limestone or sandstone, with the diameter of the crushed stone and boulders being greater than or equal to 10 cm. In this embodiment, the dimensions of the gabion wall 21 are 1.5m × 1.0m × 1.0m.

[0043] The arch beam base 23 is provided with limit screw holes and limit tie rod holes. One end of the limit screw 25 is used to fix the arch beam base 23 to the gabion wall 21. Specifically, a washer 26 and a second nut 27 are used to fix the limit screw 25 to the arch beam base 23. The other end of the limit screw 25 passes through the gabion wall 21 and is tightened and locked to the limit screw 25 fixed on the same arch beam base 23 by a limit rope 28. By fixing the arch beam base 23 to the gabion wall 21 with the limit screw 25 and further tightening and locking the limit screw 25 by the limit rope 28, the structural fixation effect is better. In this embodiment, the limiting screw 25 is made of 32 steel bar, 2.0m in length, with a 15cm threaded end and a 40cm ring joint at the other end. The limiting screw 25 passes through the gabion wall 21, with the threaded end passing through the back side of the arch beam base 23 and locked on the front side. The ring joint section is connected to the limiting rope 28. A single arch beam base 23 requires 4 limiting screws 25. The second nut 27 is a nut that matches the limiting screw 25, and the washer 26 is a matching round stainless steel washer used to lock the limiting screw 25 and the arch beam base 23. A single arch beam base 23 requires 4 washers and 4 nuts.

[0044] Each of the four corners of the arch beam base 23 is equipped with a limiting screw 25, which is located outside the limiting tie rod 32 and the arch beam 31. The end of the limiting screw 25 that passes through the gabion wall 21 has a ring joint, which facilitates the connection and installation of the limiting rope 28. In this embodiment, the arch beam base 23 is made of a 100cm×100cm×2cm square steel plate, with four limiting screw holes and two limiting tie rod holes pre-drilled according to the installation positions. A single arch foot structure 2 requires two arch beam bases 23.

[0045] The arch beam positioning frame 24 is fixed to the arch beam base 23. The arch beam positioning frame 24 is used to install and fix the arch beam 31. In this embodiment, the arch beam positioning frame 24 is made of 32mm steel bars welded in a "U" shape to the side of the arch beam base 23, with the opening facing upwards. Both ends of the arch beam 31 are respectively inserted into the corresponding arch beam positioning frames 24, which facilitates installation and can accommodate the installation of arch beams 31 of different sizes. The required steel bar length for a single positioning frame is 1.4m, and the frame dimensions are 500mm × 500mm × 400mm.

[0046] The arch beam structure 3 is set at equal intervals along the length of the square opening formed by the arch foot structure 2. The two ends of the arch beam structure 3 are fixedly connected to the corresponding arch foot structure 2. The arch beam structure 3 is specifically located at the top of the arch foot structure 2.

[0047] The arch beam structure 3 includes: arch beam 31, limiting tie rod 32, turnbuckle 33, limiting nut 34, tie rod pad 35 and tie rod nut 36. Among them, the arch beam 31 adopts a rectangular tube with specifications of 400mm×300mm×20mm, which is set as an arc shape according to the design requirements, and the length = (width of base plate 11 - 1.0)m. At the same time, 3 pairs of 6 continuous hanging rod holes are set as required.

[0048] The arch beam 31 is fixed at both ends to the arch beam base 23 on the inner side of the arch foot structure 2. At least one set of limiting components is provided below the arch beam 31. Each set of limiting components includes at least two limiting rods 32. In this embodiment, each arch beam 31 is provided with two pairs of four limiting rods 32. Every two limiting rods 32 form a pair. The length of a single limiting rod 32 is ((width of base plate 11 - 1.0) / 2 + 0.1) m. 15 cm threads are reserved at both ends of each rod.

[0049] One end of the limiting rod 32 is fixed to the arch beam base 23 and the arch foot structure 2 by the limiting nut 34, the rod pad 35 and the rod nut 36. The limiting nut 34 and the rod nut 36 are nuts that match the limiting rod 32. The rod pad 35 is a matching round stainless steel washer. The limiting rod 32 is locked to the arch beam base 23 by the rod pad 35 and the rod nut 36. The relative movement between the limiting rod 32 and the arch beam base 23 is restricted by the limiting nut 34. A single arch beam structure 3 requires 4 rod pads 35 and 4 rod nuts 36, and a total of 4 limiting nuts 34.

[0050] The other end of a single limiting rod 32 is connected to an adjacent limiting rod 32 via a turnbuckle 33. The turnbuckle 33 is used to connect each pair of limiting rods 32. The rotation of the turnbuckle 33 can ensure that the limiting rods 32 are tightened or expanded at the same time. The two limiting rods 32 are tightened by the turnbuckle 33.

[0051] The upper and lower ends of the suspension rod structure 4 pass through the base plate structure 1 and the arch beam 31 respectively, and are fixed to the bottom of the base plate structure 1 and the outside of the arch beam 31. The suspension rod structure 4 transmits the upper pressure borne by the base plate 11 to the arch beam structure 3. After the arch beam structure 3 is subjected to force, it transmits the force to the arch foot structures 2 at both ends through the arch beam 31. The backfill material around the arch foot structure 2 can absorb all the force.

[0052] The suspension rod structure 4 includes a suspension rod 41, a second pad 42, and a third nut 43. The arch beam 31 has a hole for the suspension rod 41. The top end of the suspension rod 41 passes through the hole in the arch beam 31 and is fixed to the outside of the arch beam 31 by the second pad 42 and the third nut 43. The bottom end of the suspension rod 41 passes through the hole in the base plate 11 and is fixed to the bottom surface of the base plate 11 by the first pad 12 and the first nut 13.

[0053] Multiple hangers 41 are installed on the arch beam 31, distributed along the direction of the arch beam 31. The multiple hangers 41 distribute the force, resulting in better support for the karst cavities. Multiple sets of hangers 41 are installed along the direction of the arch beam 31, with two hangers 41 in each set, symmetrically distributed on the arch beam 31, further distributing the force and providing better support for the karst cavities.

[0054] The hanger structure 4 is perpendicular to the chord of the arch beam 31 and the base plate 11, and is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the arch beam 31. In this embodiment, the hanger 41 is made of 32 steel bars, and its length is equal to the height of the gabion wall 21. According to requirements, 25cm threads are reserved at both ends of the hanger 41. A single hanger structure 4 requires a total of 3 pairs (6 hangers) of hangers 41. The second pad 42 is a rectangular steel plate of 150mm×300mm×10mm, with 2 holes for hangers 41 reserved at the installation position. A single hanger structure 4 requires 3 second pads 42. The third nut 43 is a high-strength nut that matches the hanger 41. A single hanger structure 4 requires a total of 3 sets (6 nuts).

[0055] This plan also provides the construction method for the aforementioned combined remediation structure for karst collapse, as detailed below:

[0056] (1) Determine the size boundaries of the karst cavities and design the structural components of the base plate structure 1, arch foot structure 2, arch beam structure 3 and hanging rod structure 4.

[0057] Due to the complex and variable conditions surrounding the subsidence pit, temporary slope protection, temporary slope protection combined with micropiles, and other temporary support measures can be adopted for excavation based on the actual site conditions. After excavation, the karst cavities will be surveyed on-site, and the cavity boundaries will be determined through indoor data processing, thereby determining the dimensions of the base slab 11. Subsequently, the number of individual systems required for the combined treatment structure and the dimensions of each system structure will be determined through the design scheme. If the karst cavities are large, the base slab 11 can be poured in sections according to the number of individual systems in the combined structure, and then assembled for easy hoisting.

[0058] (2) Based on the dimensions provided in the design, the steel or concrete components of each system of the modular renovation structure, including the base structure, arch foot structure 2, arch beam structure 3 and hanging rod structure 4, are prefabricated or cut in the factory and transported to the construction site warehouse for use.

[0059] Since the steel structure needs to be buried deep underground, it needs to be treated with appropriate anti-corrosion measures according to the design requirements and the design life.

[0060] (3) Based on the design drawings, the area of ​​the base plate 11 of the base structure 1 is laid out on site, and the surface rock around the hole is cleaned and leveled to ensure the flatness of the base plate 11 after it is placed.

[0061] (4) After the concrete of the base plate 11 reaches the required strength, the hanger 41 is passed through the reserved hole in the base plate 11, and then the first pad 12 is installed at the bottom and locked by the first nut 13. At the same time, the first nut 13 is put on the top to prevent the hanger 41 from falling into the lower karst hole during construction. The installation of all hangers 41 is completed in sequence.

[0062] (5) Install the components formed in step (4) in the layout area above the karst holes according to the design requirements, ensuring that the overlap width between the base plate 11 and the perimeter of the karst holes is not less than 1m. At this point, the installation of the base plate structure 1 is complete.

[0063] (6) Stack the gabion walls 21 around the karst holes according to the design requirements. First, place the first layer of gabion frames. After adjusting the size and placing them flat, fill the gabion frames with blocks and gravel. Ensure that the gabion frames are compact and flat. Then, cover the gabion frames. Finally, tie the gabion boxes together with binding wire to ensure their integrity.

[0064] (7) Based on step (6), place the second layer of gabion frames and operate according to the requirements of step (6) to complete the installation of the second layer of gabion.

[0065] (8) On the structure formed in step (7), the upper and lower layers of gabions are tied together vertically with binding wire. At the same time, the "cross" positions formed by stacking two gabions are tied again with steel wire ropes in the cross knot method to ensure the stability of the gabions and restrict their movement.

[0066] (9) In the structure formed in step (8), the two sides of the gabion are backfilled. The backfill material is crushed stone and block stone. The backfill is compacted in sections and layers to ensure its density and flatness. The backfill height is level with the gabion. During backfilling, it is necessary to ensure that the hanger 41 installed on the bottom plate 11 always remains vertical and upward.

[0067] (10) Repeat steps (7) to (9) until all gabions are installed. When backfilling the gabion wall 21 on both sides, backfill to the middle of the second layer at the top.

[0068] (11) When performing step (10), place the limiting screw 25 at the corresponding positions of the first and second layers at the top.

[0069] (12) Weld each arch beam positioning frame 24 to the corresponding position on the side of the arch beam base 23.

[0070] (13) Insert the limiting nut 34 into a certain position at one end of the limiting tie rod 32, and then pass the end through the hole reserved for the limiting tie rod 32 on the side of the arch beam base 23 formed in step (12). Lock it on the back using the tie rod pad 35 and the tie rod nut 36. In sequence, complete the installation of two limiting tie rods 32 on a single arch beam base 23.

[0071] (14) The component formed in step (13) is passed through the four pre-reserved limit screw holes and the limit screws 25 on the gabion wall 21 formed in step (11) and locked on the side by the washer 26 and the second nut 27.

[0072] (15) Pass the limiting rope 28 through one end of the annular joint of the four limiting screws 25 used in step (14) to install the arch beam base 23, tighten and lock. At this point, the installation of a single arch beam base 23 structure is complete. Repeat steps (13) to (15) to complete the installation of all arch beam base 23 structures. At this point, the arch foot structure 2 is installed.

[0073] (16) Backfill the outer side of the gabion wall 21 of the arch foot structure 2 with filler until it is flush with the top of the gabion, and compact the backfill in layers.

[0074] (17) Select turnbuckles 33 to connect the two limiting rods 32 on opposite sides of the base 23 of the top arch beam of the gabion wall 21 formed in step (16). Complete the connection of all limiting rods 32 in this way.

[0075] (18) Select one arch beam 31 with the opening facing downwards, and install it along the opening area of ​​the arch beam positioning frame 24 on both sides of the top arch beam base 23 of the gabion wall 21 formed in step (17). At this point, the installation of a single arch beam structure 3 is completed.

[0076] (19) When performing step (18), the first nuts 13 on the top of the six hangers 41 at the corresponding positions at the bottom of the arch beam 31 should be removed simultaneously. Then, when installing the arch beam 31, the hangers 41 should be passed through the pre-drilled holes on the arch beam 31, and the hangers 41 should be locked to the arch beam 31 by the six second pads 42 and the third nuts 43. At this point, the installation of a single hanger structure 4 is complete.

[0077] (20) Simultaneously adjust the turnbuckle 33 of the limiting tie rod 32 and the nuts I of the hanger rod 41 and the arch beam 31 to achieve the optimal stress state for the components formed in step (19). It is necessary to ensure that the limiting tie rod 32 is in a straightened stress state, tighten the limiting nuts 34 on both sides of the limiting tie rod 32, and ensure that the limiting screw 25 does not move relative to the arch beam base 23. It is also necessary to tighten the hanger rod 41 and the third nut 43 of the arch beam 31 according to the design requirements. If necessary, apply a certain prestress to the hanger rod 41 by rotating the third nut 43, and coordinate the stress of the arch beam 31 and the base plate 11 through the hanger rod 41.

[0078] Repeat steps (18) to (20) to complete the installation of all arch beam structures 3 and hanger structures 4.

[0079] (21) Backfill the inner side of the gabion wall 21 of the arch foot structure 2. Manual layered compaction is used for backfilling. Attention should be paid to the perimeter of the backfilling components to reduce disturbance to the components. Backfill until it is flush with the top of the gabion. At this point, the entire karst collapse combined treatment structure is assembled. The combined treatment structure consists of no less than one independent load-bearing system.

[0080] (22) The area above the top of the gabion wall 21 of the arch foot structure 2 shall be backfilled according to the design requirements.

[0081] Steel structures are widely used in various fields due to their high strength, light weight, good overall rigidity, and strong adaptability. This invention patent provides a combined steel structure and concrete structure. Through the combined action of forces, the steel structure replaces the bottom beam, reducing the thickness of the bottom plate 11. This solution, through the coordinated assembly of various components and layered backfilling, utilizes the coordinated force of the bottom plate structure 1, arch foot structure 2, arch beam structure 3, and hanger structure 4 to form a combined load-bearing structure, effectively treating the subsidence pit.

[0082] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention, and common knowledge such as specific technical solutions and / or characteristics are not described in detail here. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention. In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A combined treatment structure for karst collapse, characterized in that, include: The base structure, arch foot structure, arch beam structure, and suspension rod structure; The base plate structure is set on top of the karst cave, the arch foot structure is set on the outside of the base plate structure, the arch foot structure is set around the perimeter of the base plate structure, and the arch foot structure is located above the base plate structure; The arch beam structure is evenly spaced along the length of the opening formed by the arch foot structure. The two ends of the arch foot structure are respectively installed on the corresponding arch foot structure. The arch foot structure is used to support and fix the arch beam structure. The arch beam structure is located above the opening formed by the arch foot structure. The arch beam structure includes: an arch beam, limiting tie rods, turnbuckles, limiting nuts, tie rod washers, and tie rod nuts. The arch beam is arc-shaped, and both ends of the arch beam are installed on the arch beam base on the inner side of the arch foot structure. At least one set of limiting components is provided below the arch beam. Each set of limiting components includes two limiting tie rods. One end of the limiting tie rod is fixed to the arch beam base and the arch foot structure through the limiting nut, tie rod washer, and tie rod nut. The other end of the limiting tie rod is connected to the adjacent limiting tie rod through the turnbuckle. The upper and lower ends of the suspension rod structure pass through the base plate structure and the arch beam, respectively, and are fixed to the bottom of the base plate structure and the outside of the arch beam. The suspension rod structure is perpendicular to the chord of the arch beam and the base plate, and the suspension rod structure is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the arch beam.

2. The karst collapse combined treatment structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base plate structure includes a base plate, a first pad, and a first nut. The base plate is provided with a hanger hole. The first pad and the first nut are used to fix the hanger structure to the bottom surface of the base plate. The hanger structures symmetrically arranged along the arch beam are located and fixed on the same first pad.

3. The karst collapse combined treatment structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The arch foot structure includes: a gabion wall, a cross-shaped binding buckle, an arch beam positioning frame, a limiting screw, a washer, a second nut, and a limiting rope; the cross-shaped binding buckle is used to bind and fix the upper and lower layers of gabions in the gabion wall; The arch beam base is provided with a limiting screw hole and a limiting tie rod hole. The arch beam positioning frame is fixed on the arch beam base. The arch beam positioning frame is used to support and fix the arch beam. The arch beam positioning frame opens upward, and both ends of the arch beam are respectively inserted into the corresponding arch beam positioning frames. One end of the limiting screw is used to fix the arch beam base to the gabion wall. The washer and the second nut are used to fix the limiting screw on the arch beam base. The other end of the limiting screw passes through the gabion wall and is tightened and locked to the limiting screw fixed on the same arch beam base through a limiting rope.

4. The karst collapse combined treatment structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: Limiting screws are provided at all four corners of the arch beam base, and the limiting screws are located on the outside of the limiting tie rod and the arch beam.

5. The karst collapse combined treatment structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The limiting screw has an annular joint at one end that passes through the gabion wall.

6. The karst collapse combined treatment structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The height of the gabion wall is 2 / 3 to 3 / 4 of the depth of the karst collapse pit.

7. The karst collapse combined treatment structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The gabion wall contains crushed stones and boulders of moderately weathered limestone or sandstone, with the diameter of the crushed stones and boulders being greater than or equal to 10cm.

8. The karst collapse combined treatment structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The suspension rod structure includes a suspension rod, a second pad, and a third nut. The arch beam has a suspension rod hole. The top end of the suspension rod passes through the suspension rod hole on the arch beam and is fixed to the outside of the arch beam by the second pad and the third nut. The bottom end of the suspension rod passes through the suspension rod hole on the base plate and is fixed to the bottom of the base plate by the first pad and the first nut.

9. A combined treatment structure for karst collapse according to claim 8, characterized in that: The arch beam is equipped with multiple hangers, which are distributed along the direction of the arch beam.

10. A construction method for a combined treatment structure for karst collapse, characterized in that, include: Step 1: Determine the size boundaries of the karst cavities, and design and prefabricate the steel components of each structure, including the base plate structure, arch foot structure, arch beam structure, and suspension rod structure; Step 2: Pass the hanger rod of the hanger rod structure through the pre-drilled hanger rod hole on the base plate, and install the first pad and the first nut to lock the hanger rod. At the same time, put the first nut on the top of the hanger rod to temporarily fix the hanger rod to the base plate, thus completing the installation of the hanger rod. Then place the base plate on the base plate area at the top of the karst hole to complete the installation of the base plate. Step 3: Stack gabion walls around the karst cavities according to the design requirements, and then backfill the outside of the gabions up to the middle of the second layer of gabions. During backfilling, ensure that the hangers installed on the bottom plate remain vertical and upward. Place the limiting screws of the arch foot structure at the corresponding positions of the first and second layers of gabions. Step 4: Weld the arch beam positioning frame to the inner side of the arch beam base, insert the limiting nut into a certain position at one end of the limiting tie rod, then pass the end through the arch beam base, and fix it on the back with tie rod pad and tie rod nut. Repeat the above process to complete the installation of the upper limit tie rod of a single arch beam base. Step 5: Lock the limiting screw and the arch beam base with the washer and the second nut. Finally, connect and lock the limiting screw on the same arch beam base with the limiting rope to complete the installation of the arch foot structure. Then, backfill the outside of the gabion wall with filler until it is flush with the top of the gabion. Step 6: With the arch beam opening facing downwards, attach the two ends to the corresponding arch beam positioning frame, remove the first nut at the top of the hanger, pass it through the pre-drilled hole in the arch beam, and then fix the hanger to the arch beam using the second pad and the third nut. Then adjust the turnbuckle and the third nut between the limit tie rods to adjust the limit tie rods to the optimal stress state. Repeat Step 4 and this step to complete the installation of the arch beam structure and hanger structure. Step 7: Backfill the inside of the gabion wall until it is flush with the top of the gabion, thus completing the assembly of the entire karst collapse combined treatment structure. Step 8: Backfill the area above the top of the gabion wall according to the design requirements.

Images