Crack detection equipment

Abstract

This invention discloses a crack detection device, relating to the field of optical detection technology. It includes a gantry frame, a crack detection component, and a multispectral integrated detection component. The crack detection component and the multispectral integrated detection component are mounted on one side of the outer wall of the gantry frame, and the multispectral integrated detection component is mounted on one side of the outer wall of the crack detection component. The multispectral integrated detection component includes two guide grooves, two sets of micro rollers, two carrier disks, and a dark-field light source. Through the systematic collaborative design of the multispectral integrated detection component, it achieves spatiotemporal unification of complex surface adaptation, high-precision detection, and safe joint control. The multispectral integrated detection component relies on a mechanical transmission closed loop formed by upper and lower layered carrier disks and gear linkage transmission, combined with an active attitude adjustment mechanism of dual micro electric cylinders and ball joints, and a multispectral light source superposition design. This fundamentally solves the inherent problems of poor adaptability, accuracy drift, weak environmental interference resistance, and high failure risk of traditional crack detection equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical inspection technology, specifically to crack detection equipment. Background Technology

[0002] As the manufacturing industry transforms towards unmanned and intelligent processes, assembly line production places stringent demands on the efficiency, accuracy, and stability of appearance inspection for various products. From continuously conveyed flexible materials such as paper and textiles, to transparent materials such as automotive windshields, transparent films, and optical lenses, and then to rigid products with curved and irregular surfaces such as aerospace curved structural components and large pipe curved surfaces, surface and internal crack defects directly affect product safety, service life, and performance, becoming a core aspect of quality control. Among these, continuously moving paper and textiles are prone to developing micro-cracks due to stretching and friction on high-speed production lines; crack defects in transparent materials are easily masked by surface reflection; and cracks in complex curved surface products are difficult to fully detect due to their irregular shapes. Material crack detection equipment in these scenarios is still not perfect.

[0003] Currently, in crack detection applications for products with curved or irregular surfaces, traditional detection technologies and equipment face numerous technical bottlenecks, severely restricting detection accuracy, operational efficiency, and production safety: Traditional manual visual inspection relies on operator experience, is susceptible to visual fatigue and subjective judgment, resulting in high rates of missed and false detections of latent defects such as microcracks and stress cracks. Furthermore, manual handling of large-volume products can lead to fatigue and potential damage from collisions. Existing automated detection equipment mostly employs a static design of "predetermined trajectory plus single light source," which cannot dynamically adapt to non-standard curvature, gradually changing surfaces, or irregular surfaces. Regular surface products are prone to blind spots in detection, and the fixed angle of the light source makes it difficult to effectively excite the characteristics of different types of cracks. Some multi-light source detection equipment adopts a planar parallel layout, and the center shifts when the light sources are superimposed. Moreover, there is no active attitude adjustment mechanism, which is affected by strong ambient light, workshop vibration, and temperature drift, resulting in large detection accuracy errors and failing to meet the requirements of high-precision detection. At the same time, the signal light linkage control mostly adopts pure electronic control logic and lacks mechanical redundancy structure. When there is a power failure or electronic component failure, there is a risk of signal misdisplay and distorted detection results, which violates the core principle of fault-oriented safety.

[0004] Therefore, we proposed a crack detection device to address the problems mentioned above. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a crack detection device. Through the systematic collaborative design of multispectral integrated detection components, it achieves spatiotemporal unification of complex surface adaptation, high-precision detection and safety control, thus solving the problem of poor adaptability of traditional crack detection devices.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a crack detection device, comprising a gantry frame, a crack detection component, and a multispectral integrated detection component, wherein the crack detection component and the multispectral integrated detection component are installed on one side of the outer wall of the gantry frame, and the multispectral integrated detection component is installed on one side of the outer wall of the crack detection component;

[0007] The multispectral integrated detection component includes two guide grooves, two sets of micro rollers, two carrier disks, a dark field light source, a coaxial light source, a UV light source, a polarized light source, eight second micro electric actuators, and eight second micro ball joints. The two guide grooves constrain the two carrier disks to move only in the left and right directions. The two sets of micro rollers ensure the straightness and smoothness of the movement of the two carrier disks. The dark field light source excites the scattering characteristics of surface microcracks. The coaxial light source outlines the crack contours. The UV light source excites the fluorescence characteristics of stress cracks. The polarized light source eliminates surface reflections. Every two second micro electric actuators enable radial movement and angular deflection of the light source. Every two second micro ball joints provide multi-degree-of-freedom rotation space.

[0008] Preferably, an X-axis module is installed on the top of the gantry, a Y-axis module is slidably connected to the top of the X-axis module, a Z-axis module is slidably connected to one side of the outer wall of the X-axis module, the crack detection component is slidably connected to one side of the outer wall of the Z-axis module, and an electrical control box and product glass are respectively installed between the inner walls of the gantry.

[0009] Preferably, the crack detection assembly includes a connecting plate, with trajectory guide plates symmetrically connected to both ends of the outer wall of the connecting plate. A frame is movably connected between the outer walls of the two trajectory guide plates. A fixing plate and a camera light source are bolted to both sides of the outer wall of the frame. A CCD camera is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the fixing plate. An electric cylinder is bolted to the bottom of the frame, and the shaft end of the electric cylinder is connected to the connecting plate. The electric cylinder pushes the connecting plate to drive the CCD camera to produce an arc change according to the preset trajectory of the trajectory guide plate.

[0010] Preferably, the multispectral integrated detection component further includes a metal plate and two carrier plates. A cross brace is fixedly welded to the top of the metal plate, and the bottom of the metal plate is fixedly connected to the top of the fixed plate. A dual-output shaft stepper motor is bolted to one side of the inner wall of the metal plate. A first driving gear and a second driving gear are respectively sleeved on the opposite shaft ends of the dual-output shaft stepper motor. A first driven gear is meshed with the top of the second driving gear. A first rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the inner surface of the first driven gear. A second bearing seat is sleeved on the outer surface of the first rotating shaft, and the bottom of the second bearing seat is bolted to the top of the cross brace. A second driven gear is rotatably connected to one end of the outer wall of the first rotating shaft. Internal toothed synchronous belts are meshed with the outer surfaces of both the first driving gear and the second driven gear, and the two internal toothed synchronous belts are arranged symmetrically at the top and bottom.

[0011] Preferably, the inner surfaces of the two internal toothed synchronous belts are respectively meshed with a first driven gear and a second driven gear. The inner surface of the first driven gear is rotatably connected to a first bearing seat, and one side of the outer wall of the first bearing seat is bolted to one side of the inner wall of the metal plate. The inner surface of the second driven gear is rotatably connected to a second rotating shaft, and the outer surface of the second rotating shaft is fitted with a third bearing seat. The bottom of the third bearing seat is bolted to the top of the cross brace, and one end of the outer wall of the second rotating shaft is rotatably connected to a third driven gear.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom of the third driven gear is meshed with a fourth driven gear, the inner surface of the fourth driven gear is rotatably connected to a fourth bearing seat, and one side of the outer wall of the fourth bearing seat is bolted to one side of the inner wall of the metal plate. Each guide groove is opened on one side of the outer wall of the internal tooth synchronous belt, and the inner surface of each guide groove is rotatably connected to a corresponding set of miniature rollers. One end of the outer wall of each set of miniature rollers is connected to the top of the opposite side of the carrier, and one side of the bottom outer wall of each carrier is fixedly connected to one side of the outer wall of a corresponding internal tooth synchronous belt by bolts.

[0013] Preferably, each of the inner walls of the carrier disk is symmetrically connected with a light source mounting base, and the inner surfaces of the four light source mounting bases are respectively fitted with the corresponding dark field light source, coaxial light source, UV light source and polarized light source with gaps.

[0014] Preferably, each of the light source mounting bases has an L-shaped bracket symmetrically bolted to one side of its outer wall. One side of the outer wall of each L-shaped bracket is connected to one side of the outer wall of a corresponding second micro electric actuator. The shaft end of each second micro electric actuator is inserted and connected to the inner surface of a corresponding second micro ball joint. One end of the outer wall of each pair of second micro ball joints is fixedly connected to the corresponding dark field light source, coaxial light source, UV light source, and polarized light source, respectively.

[0015] Preferably, a long strip lens is bolted to one side of the outer wall of the dark field light source, and two connecting seats and a first miniature electric actuator are bolted to one side of the outer wall of the coaxial light source. A solid rod is fixedly connected to the opposite side of the two connecting seats, and a beam splitter is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the solid rod.

[0016] Preferably, the shaft end of the first micro electric actuator is fitted with a first micro ball joint, and one end of the outer wall of the first micro ball joint is fixedly connected to one side of the outer wall of the beam splitter. A UV bandpass filter and a linear polarizer are respectively bolted to one side of the outer wall of the UV light source and the polarizing light source.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] In this invention, through the systematic and collaborative design of a multispectral integrated detection component, the spatiotemporal unity of complex surface adaptation, high-precision detection, and safe joint control is achieved. The multispectral integrated detection component relies on a mechanical transmission closed loop composed of upper and lower layered carrier disks and gear linkage, combined with an active attitude adjustment mechanism of dual micro-electric cylinders and ball joints, and a multispectral light source superposition design. This fundamentally solves the inherent problems of poor adaptability, accuracy drift, weak environmental interference resistance, and high failure risk of traditional crack detection equipment. Furthermore, the multispectral integrated detection component integrates the motion coordination of a purely mechanical structure with optical characteristics, utilizing the independent and synchronous drive of the layered carrier disks, and attitude... Precise positioning control through state adjustment and combined excitation of multispectral light sources ensure that crack detection is always in the optimal state of "adaptation, identification, and verification". Firstly, multi-dimensional collaboration and active adaptation guarantee detection accuracy and operational safety. This invention adopts a three-dimensional collaborative design of "transmission, attitude, and optics". The gear linkage transmission realizes the precise positioning of the upper and lower carriers. The dual micro electric cylinders and ball joints realize the active adaptation of the radial movement and angular deflection of the light source, which significantly improves the detection coverage of irregular curved surfaces and products with gradual curvature, fully preserves the accurate capture of multi-dimensional crack features, and greatly reduces the interference errors caused by workshop vibration, environmental reflection, and temperature drift. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional view of the main structure of the crack detection device of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the crack detection component in the crack detection equipment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation location of the multispectral integrated detection component in the crack detection equipment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation positions of the second driven gear, the third driven gear, and the third bearing seat in the crack detection equipment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation positions of the dual-output-shaft stepper motor, the first drive gear, and the second drive gear in the crack detection device of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation positions of the UV bandpass filter and the linear polarizer in the crack detection equipment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation positions of the dark field light source, coaxial light source, UV light source, and polarized light source in the crack detection equipment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 for Figure 4 Enlarged 3D view of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0027] Figure 9 for Figure 6 Enlarged 3D view of the structure at point B in the middle;

[0028] Figure 10 for Figure 7 Enlarged 3D view of the structure at point C.

[0029] In the diagram: 100, Gantry; 200, X-axis module; 300, Y-axis module; 400, Z-axis module; 500, Electrical control box; 600, Product glass; 700, Crack detection assembly; 701, Connecting plate; 702, Fixing plate; 703, CCD camera; 704, Camera light source; 705, Electric cylinder; 706, Track guide plate; 800, Multispectral integrated detection assembly; 801, Metal plate; 802, Cross brace plate; 803, Dual output shaft stepper motor; 804, First drive gear; 805, Second drive gear; 806, Internal toothed synchronous belt; 807, Guide groove; 808, Miniature roller; 809, Carrier tray; 810, Light source mounting base; 811, Dark field light source; 81 2. Coaxial light source; 813. UV light source; 814. Polarizing light source; 815. Strip lens; 816. Connecting seat; 817. Solid rod; 818. Beam splitter; 819. First miniature electric actuator; 820. First miniature ball joint; 821. UV bandpass filter; 822. Linear polarizer; 823. L-shaped frame; 824. Second miniature electric actuator; 825. Second miniature ball joint; 826. First driven gear; 827. First bearing seat; 828. First driven gear; 829. Second bearing seat; 830. Second driven gear; 831. Third driven gear; 832. Third bearing seat; 833. Fourth driven gear; 834. Fourth bearing seat; 835. Second driven gear. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment discloses a crack detection device, including a gantry 100, a crack detection component 700, and a multispectral integrated detection component 800. The crack detection component 700 and the multispectral integrated detection component 800 are installed on one side of the outer wall of the gantry 100, and the multispectral integrated detection component 800 is installed on one side of the outer wall of the crack detection component 700.

[0032] like Figures 7-9 As shown, the multispectral integrated detection component 800 includes two guide grooves 807, two sets of micro rollers 808, two carrier disks 809, a dark field light source 811, a coaxial light source 812, a UV light source 813, a polarized light source 814, eight second micro electric actuators 824, and eight second micro ball joints 825. The two guide grooves 807 are used to constrain the two carrier disks 809 to move only in the left and right directions. The two sets of micro rollers 808 are used to ensure the straightness and smoothness of the movement of the two carrier disks 809. The dark field light source 811 is used to excite the scattering characteristics of surface microcracks. The coaxial light source 812 is used to outline the crack contour. The UV light source 813 is used to excite the fluorescence characteristics of stress cracks. The polarized light source 814 is used to eliminate surface reflection. Every two second micro electric actuators 824 are used to realize the radial movement and angular deflection of the light source. Every two second micro ball joints 825 are used to provide multi-degree-of-freedom rotation space.

[0033] This embodiment primarily addresses the numerous technical bottlenecks in current crack detection applications for products with curved or irregular surfaces. These bottlenecks severely restrict detection accuracy, operational efficiency, and production safety. Traditional manual visual inspection relies on operator experience, is susceptible to visual fatigue and subjective judgment, and suffers from high rates of missed and false detections of latent defects such as microcracks and stress cracks. Furthermore, manual handling of large-volume products can lead to fatigue and potential damage due to collisions. Existing automated inspection equipment often employs a static design of "predetermined trajectory plus single light source," which cannot dynamically adapt to non-standard curvature or gradients. Products with curved or irregular surfaces are prone to blind spots in detection, and the fixed angle of the light source makes it difficult to effectively excite the characteristics of different types of cracks. Some multi-light source detection equipment adopts a planar parallel layout, and the center shifts when the light sources are superimposed. Moreover, there is no active attitude adjustment mechanism, which is affected by strong ambient light, workshop vibration, and temperature drift, resulting in large detection accuracy errors and failing to meet the requirements of high-precision detection. At the same time, the signal light linkage control mostly adopts pure electronic control logic and lacks mechanical redundancy structure. When there is a power failure or electronic component failure, there is a risk of signal misdisplay and distorted detection results, which violates the core principle of fault-oriented safety.

[0034] This embodiment addresses the problems of existing technologies by achieving a unified spatiotemporal design of a multispectral integrated detection component 800, enabling adaptation to complex curved surfaces, high-precision detection, and secure control. The multispectral integrated detection component 800 utilizes a mechanical transmission closed loop formed by upper and lower layered carrier plates 809 and gear linkage, combined with the active attitude adjustment mechanisms of the second micro electric actuator 824 and the second micro ball joint 825, and a multispectral light source superposition design. This fundamentally solves the inherent problems of poor adaptability, accuracy drift, weak environmental interference resistance, and high failure risk of traditional crack detection equipment. Specifically, the multispectral integrated detection component 800 achieves this by integrating the motion coordination of a purely mechanical structure with optical characteristics, leveraging the layered carrier plate... The independent and synchronous drive of the disc 809, the precise control of its attitude adjustment, and the combined excitation of multi-spectral light sources ensure that crack detection is always in the optimal state of "adaptation, identification, and verification". Firstly, multi-dimensional collaboration and active adaptation guarantee detection accuracy and operational safety. This invention adopts a three-dimensional collaborative design of "transmission, attitude, and optics". The gear linkage transmission realizes the precise positioning of the upper and lower discs 809. The second micro electric actuator 824 and the second micro ball joint 825 realize the active adaptation of the radial movement and angular deflection of the light source, which significantly improves the detection coverage of irregular curved surfaces and products with gradual curvature, fully preserves the accurate capture of multi-dimensional crack features, and greatly reduces the interference errors caused by workshop vibration, environmental reflection, and temperature drift.

[0035] according to Figure 1As shown, an X-axis module 200 is installed on the top of the gantry 100, a Y-axis module 300 is slidably connected to the top of the X-axis module 200, a Z-axis module 400 is slidably connected to one side of the outer wall of the X-axis module 200, a crack detection component 700 is slidably connected to one side of the outer wall of the Z-axis module 400, and an electrical control box 500 and a product glass 600 are respectively installed between the inner walls of the gantry 100.

[0036] In this embodiment of the invention, the gantry 100 serves as the core load-bearing frame of the equipment, providing a stable installation benchmark. Its modular design allows for flexible adaptation to different workshop layouts. The X-axis module 200, Y-axis module 300, and Z-axis module 400 form a three-dimensional moving mechanism. The motion trajectory is precisely controlled by the driver program within the electrical control box 500, which then drives the crack detection component 700 and the multispectral integrated detection component 800 to achieve full-space coverage. This effectively solves the problem of moving and covering the product glass 600 during inspection, eliminating the need for manual adjustment of the product position. This reduces labor intensity and avoids product damage caused by manual handling, perfectly meeting the production needs of unmanned workshops.

[0037] according to Figure 2 As shown, the crack detection component 700 includes a connecting plate 701. Trajectory guide plates 706 are symmetrically connected to both ends of the outer wall of the connecting plate 701. A frame is movably connected between the outer walls of the two trajectory guide plates 706. A fixing plate 702 and a camera light source 704 are bolted to both sides of the outer wall of the frame. A CCD camera 703 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the fixing plate 702. An electric cylinder 705 is bolted to the bottom of the frame. The shaft end of the electric cylinder 705 is connected to the connecting plate 701. The electric cylinder 705 pushes the connecting plate 701 to drive the CCD camera 703 to produce an arc change according to the preset trajectory of the trajectory guide plate 706.

[0038] In this embodiment of the invention, the crack detection component 700 serves as the basic detection unit. Through the stable thrust of the electric cylinder 705 and the preset path of the trajectory guide plate 706, it drives the CCD camera 703 to achieve precise arc movement, which can initially meet the detection requirements of standard arc products. The camera light source 704 provides basic illumination for the CCD camera 703. Secondly, the rigid connection between the fixing plate 702 and the connecting plate 701 ensures the structural stability during the movement and avoids image blurring caused by vibration. This component complements the multispectral integrated detection component 800, combining basic detection with precise optimization. It retains the stability of the original detection scheme and achieves a performance leap through subsequent upgrades, greatly improving detection consistency and solving the problem of inconsistent detection results between traditional manual detection and single-device detection.

[0039] according to Figures 4-5As shown, the multispectral integrated detection component 800 also includes a metal plate 801 and two carrier plates 809. A cross brace 802 is fixedly welded to the top of the metal plate 801. The bottom of the metal plate 801 is fixedly connected to the top of the fixing plate 702. A dual-output shaft stepper motor 803 is bolted to one side of the inner wall of the metal plate 801. A first drive gear 804 and a second drive gear 805 are respectively sleeved on the opposite shaft ends of the dual-output shaft stepper motor 803. A first driven gear 828 is meshed with the top of the second drive gear 805. A first rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the inner surface of the first driven gear 828. A second bearing seat 829 is sleeved on the outer surface of the first rotating shaft. The bottom of the second bearing seat 829 is bolted to the top of the cross brace 802. A second driven gear 835 is rotatably connected to one end of the outer wall of the first rotating shaft. An internal toothed synchronous belt 806 is meshed with the outer surfaces of both the first drive gear 804 and the second driven gear 835. The two internal toothed synchronous belts 806 are arranged symmetrically up and down.

[0040] In this embodiment of the invention, the metal plate 801 and the cross brace 802 first form the mounting frame of the multispectral integrated detection component 800. Through a fixed connection with the fixing plate 702, it achieves seamless integration with the original crack detection component 700 without altering the core structure of the original equipment. The dual-output shaft stepper motor 803 serves as the core power source. Through the meshing of the first driving gear 804, the second driving gear 805, the first driven gear 828, and the second driven gear 835, power is precisely transmitted to the symmetrically positioned internal toothed synchronous belt 806, enabling independent or synchronous driving of the two carrier discs 809. Secondly, the cooperation between the second bearing seat 829 and the first rotating shaft ensures the smoothness and coaxiality of the gear transmission, avoiding inaccurate light source positioning caused by transmission deviation. This effectively solves the problems of slow switching and poor superposition effects in traditional multi-light source equipment, providing a reliable mechanical foundation for rapid switching and precise superposition of multispectral light sources.

[0041] according to Figure 6 As shown, the inner surfaces of the two internal toothed synchronous belts 806 are respectively meshed with a first driven gear 826 and a second driven gear 830. The inner surface of the first driven gear 826 is rotatably connected to a first bearing seat 827, and one side of the outer wall of the first bearing seat 827 is bolted to one side of the inner wall of the metal plate 801. The inner surface of the second driven gear 830 is rotatably connected to a second rotating shaft. The outer surface of the second rotating shaft is fitted with a third bearing seat 832. The bottom of the third bearing seat 832 is bolted to the top of the cross brace 802. One end of the outer wall of the second rotating shaft is rotatably connected to a third driven gear 831.

[0042] In this embodiment of the invention, the first driven gear 826, the second driven gear 830, the first driving gear 804, and the second driven gear 835 form a symmetrical transmission structure. Combined with the fixed support of the first bearing seat 827 and the third bearing seat 832, this ensures the transmission accuracy and stability of the internal gear synchronous belt 806. The third driven gear 831, in conjunction with subsequent gears, further optimizes the power transmission path, making the movement of the upper and lower carrier discs 809 more coordinated. This supports both independent switching of a single light source and synchronous superposition of two sets of light sources, significantly improving detection efficiency. This symmetrical transmission design effectively reduces mechanical wear, extends the service life of the equipment, simplifies maintenance procedures, and solves the problems of complex and high failure rates in traditional transmission structures.

[0043] according to Figure 6 as well as Figure 9 As shown, the bottom of the third driven gear 831 is meshed with the fourth driven gear 833, the inner surface of the fourth driven gear 833 is rotatably connected to the fourth bearing seat 834, and one side of the outer wall of the fourth bearing seat 834 is bolted to one side of the inner wall of the metal plate 801. Each guide groove 807 is opened on one side of the outer wall of the internal tooth synchronous belt 806, and the inner surface of each guide groove 807 is rotatably connected to a corresponding set of miniature rollers 808. One end of the outer wall of each set of miniature rollers 808 is connected to the top of the opposite side of the carrier 809, and one side of the bottom outer wall of each carrier 809 is fixedly connected to one side of the outer wall of a corresponding internal tooth synchronous belt 806 by bolts.

[0044] In this embodiment of the invention, firstly, the meshing of the third passive gear 831 and the fourth passive gear 833 further optimizes the power transmission direction, ensuring precise alignment of the movement trajectories of the upper and lower carrier disks 809. The guide groove 807 and the miniature roller 808 together form a linear guide mechanism for the carrier disk 809. The rolling friction of the miniature roller 808 significantly reduces the resistance during the movement of the carrier disk 809, making switching smoother. Simultaneously, it strictly constrains the carrier disk 809 to move only in the left-right direction, avoiding vertical or horizontal offset. Secondly, the rigid connection between the carrier disk 809 and the internal toothed synchronous belt 806 ensures timely power transmission. Combined with the protection of the photoelectric limit switch, it effectively prevents the carrier disk 809 from overtraveling and impacting, solving the problems of traditional carrier disk 809 movement jamming and inaccurate positioning, and providing a reliable guarantee for precise switching of the light source.

[0045] according to Figure 7 As shown, each inner wall of the carrier disk 809 is symmetrically connected with a light source mounting base 810, and the inner surfaces of the four light source mounting bases 810 are respectively fitted with the corresponding dark field light source 811, coaxial light source 812, UV light source 813 and polarized light source 814 with clearance.

[0046] In this embodiment of the invention, the light source mounting base 810 on the carrier disk 809 first provides a stable mounting reference for the four spectral light sources. The clearance fit design facilitates the disassembly and maintenance of the light sources and can also buffer slight vibrations during movement. The differentiated configuration of the dark field light source 811, coaxial light source 812, UV light source 813, and polarized light source 814 can excite crack features from different dimensions. The dark field light source 811 targets surface microcracks, the coaxial light source 812 outlines the crack contour, the UV light source 813 captures stress cracks, and the polarized light source 814 eliminates reflection interference. The combination of the four light sources covers the detection needs of various cracks, effectively solving the problems of traditional single-light source equipment being unable to identify hidden cracks and being easily interfered with, and greatly improving the crack detection rate.

[0047] according to Figures 7-8 As shown, each light source mounting base 810 has an L-shaped bracket 823 symmetrically bolted to one side of its outer wall. One side of the outer wall of each L-shaped bracket 823 is connected to one side of the outer wall of a corresponding second micro electric actuator 824. The shaft end of each second micro electric actuator 824 is inserted and connected to the inner surface of a corresponding second micro ball joint 825. One end of the outer wall of every two second micro ball joints 825 is fixedly connected to the corresponding dark field light source 811, coaxial light source 812, UV light source 813, and polarized light source 814, respectively.

[0048] In this embodiment of the invention, firstly, the L-shaped frame 823 provides a precise installation angle for the second micro electric actuator 824, ensuring that the thrust direction of the second micro electric actuator 824 is consistent with the light source adjustment requirements; the combination of the second micro electric actuator 824 and the second micro ball joint 825 constitutes the core attitude adjustment mechanism, which realizes the radial movement of the light source through "synchronous extension and retraction" and can realize angle deflection through "one push and one fixation", which can dynamically adapt to the detection requirements of irregular curved surfaces and products with gradual curvature; secondly, the structure of the second micro ball joint 825 provides a multi-degree-of-freedom rotation space, avoiding stress concentration caused by rigid connection, ensuring smooth attitude adjustment without jamming, effectively solving the problem of fixed light source angle and inability to fit complex curved surfaces in traditional equipment, so that each detection point can obtain the optimal lighting effect.

[0049] according to Figure 7 as well as Figure 10 As shown, a long strip lens 815 is bolted to one side of the outer wall of the dark field light source 811, and two connecting seats 816 and a first miniature electric actuator 819 are bolted to one side of the outer wall of the coaxial light source 812. A solid rod 817 is fixedly connected to the opposite side of the two connecting seats 816, and a beam splitter 818 is rotatably connected to the outer surface of the solid rod 817.

[0050] In this embodiment of the invention, the elongated lens 815 firstly focuses the divergent light from the dark field light source 811 into a concentrated low-angle beam, enhancing the scattering characteristics of surface microcracks and improving the recognition of microcracks. The cooperation between the connecting seat 816 and the solid rod 817 provides a stable rotation reference for the beam splitter 818. The first micro electric push rod 819 drives the beam splitter 818 to adjust its angle through the first micro ball joint 820, ensuring that the light from the coaxial light source 812 is precisely parallel to the optical axis of the CCD camera 703, forming a clear imaging effect of "bright background and dark cracks". This combination of optical components and mechanical adjustment further optimizes the characteristics of the light source, solves the problem of traditional optical components being fixed and unable to adapt to different detection scenarios, and improves the directionality and purity of the light.

[0051] according to Figure 7 as well as Figure 10 As shown, the first micro electric actuator 819 has a first micro ball joint 820 sleeved on its shaft end, and one end of the outer wall of the first micro ball joint 820 is fixedly connected to one side of the outer wall of the beam splitter 818. The outer walls of the UV light source 813 and the polarizing light source 814 are respectively bolted to a UV bandpass filter 821 and a linear polarizer 822.

[0052] In this embodiment of the invention, firstly, the first micro-ball joint 820 buffers the thrust of the first micro-electric actuator 819, ensuring the accuracy and smoothness of the angle adjustment of the beam splitter 818 and avoiding damage to the beam splitter 818 caused by rigid drive; the UV bandpass filter 821 filters stray light from the UV light source 813, allowing only the effective wavelength to pass through, thereby enhancing the fluorescence characteristics of stress cracks; secondly, the linear polarizer 822, in conjunction with the analyzer at the camera end, can completely eliminate reflective interference from the product surface, solving the imaging blurring problem when detecting highly reflective curved surfaces; the precise configuration of these optical components further enhances the anti-interference capability of multispectral detection, enabling the equipment to maintain stable detection accuracy in complex workshop environments and reducing the false detection rate.

[0053] In operation, after the product flows into the inspection platform via the conveyor belt, the gantry 100, as the core load-bearing frame, has its top X-axis module 200, Y-axis module 300, and Z-axis module 400 precisely linked under the control of the driver program built into the electrical control box 500. This then moves the crack detection component 700 and the multispectral integrated detection component 800 to the inspection starting position. At this time, the crack detection component 700 starts the basic inspection, in which the electric cylinder 705 stably pushes the connecting plate 701, driving the CCD camera 703 to follow the trajectory. The plate 706 moves in an arc along a preset trajectory, while the camera light source 704 provides basic illumination to ensure the stability and coverage of the initial detection. Next, the multispectral integrated detection component 800 enters the precision detection stage. The dual-output shaft stepper motor 803 transmits power to the symmetrically positioned internal toothed synchronous belt 806 via the meshing of the first driving gear 804, the second driving gear 805, the first driven gear 828, and the second driven gear 835. This drives the carrier plate 809 to move in a straight line along the guide groove 807 and the miniature roller 808. The linear movement precisely moves the dark field light source 811, coaxial light source 812, UV light source 813, or polarized light source 814 to the detection path. Simultaneously, the second miniature electric actuator 824 and the second miniature ball joint 825 on the L-shaped bracket 823 corresponding to each light source work in tandem to adjust the radial distance between the light source and the detection point through synchronous extension and retraction, and to adjust the incident angle through a push-and-fix method, adapting to the irregular curved surface or gradual curvature of the product. Meanwhile, the elongated lens 815 converges the dark field light, the beam splitter 818 calibrates the coaxial light, and the UV bandpass filter 814... 21 filters stray light, and 822 linear polarizers eliminate reflections, further optimizing light characteristics to stimulate crack features in multiple dimensions; then, CCD camera 703 acquires multispectral images, and through feature-level and decision-level fusion algorithms, accurate crack identification and judgment are achieved. If a fault occurs during the detection process, the mechanical redundancy structure and photoelectric limit switch will trigger safety protection in time to avoid signal misdisplay or equipment damage. After the detection is completed, the product automatically flows out through the production line, and all components are reset, waiting for the next product to flow in to start a new round of detection process.

[0054] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A crack detection apparatus characterized by comprising: Including gantry (100), crack detection assembly (700), multispectral integrated detection assembly (800), crack detection assembly (700) and multispectral integrated detection assembly (800) are installed on the outer wall side of gantry (100), and the multispectral integrated detection assembly (800) is installed on the outer wall side of crack detection assembly (700); The multispectral integrated detection assembly (800) includes two guide grooves (807), two groups of micro-rollers (808), two carrier discs (809), a dark field light source (811), a coaxial light source (812), a UV light source (813), a polarized light source (814), eight second micro-electric push rods (824), eight second micro-ball hinges (825), two guide grooves (807) are used to constrain two carrier discs (809) to move only in the left and right directions, two groups of micro-rollers (808) are used to ensure the straightness and smoothness of the movement of two carrier discs (809), the dark field light source (811) is used to excite surface micro-crack scattering characteristics, the coaxial light source (812) is used to outline crack profile, the UV light source (813) is used to excite stress crack fluorescence characteristics, and the polarized light source (814) is used to eliminate surface reflection, every two second micro-electric push rods (824) are used to realize radial movement of light source and angle deflection of light source, and every two second micro-ball hinges (825) are used to provide multi-degree-of-freedom rotation space; The crack detection assembly (700) includes a connecting plate (701), the outer wall of the connecting plate (701) is symmetrically connected with a trajectory guide plate (706) at both ends, a frame is movably connected between the outer walls of the two trajectory guide plates (706), the outer walls of the frame are respectively bolted with a fixed plate (702) and a camera light source (704), the outer wall of the fixed plate (702) is fixedly installed with a CCD camera (703), the bottom of the frame is bolted with an electric cylinder (705), the shaft end of the electric cylinder (705) is connected with the connecting plate (701), and the electric cylinder (705) drives the connecting plate (701) to drive the CCD camera (703) to change the arc according to the preset trajectory of the trajectory guide plate (706). The multispectral integrated detection assembly (800) further comprises a metal plate (801), two supporting plates (809), the top of the metal plate (801) is fixedly welded with a cross support plate (802), the bottom of the metal plate (801) is fixedly connected with the top of the fixed plate (702), the inner wall of the metal plate (801) is boltedly connected with a double-output shaft stepping motor (803) on one side, the opposite shaft ends of the double-output shaft stepping motor (803) are respectively sleeved with a first driving gear (804) and a second driving gear (805), the top of the second driving gear (805) is meshedly connected with a first driven gear (828), the inner surface of the first driven gear (828) is rotatably connected with a first rotating shaft, the outer surface of the first rotating shaft is sleeved with a second bearing seat (829), the bottom of the second bearing seat (829) is boltedly connected with the top of the cross support plate (802), the outer wall of the first rotating shaft is rotatably connected with a second driven gear (835) on one end, the outer surfaces of the first driving gear (804) and the second driven gear (835) are all meshedly connected with inner tooth synchronous belts (806), and the two inner tooth synchronous belts (806) are symmetrically arranged upward and downward.

2. The crack detection apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by: The top of the gantry (100) is provided with an X-axis module (200), the top of the X-axis module (200) is slidably connected with a Y-axis module (300), the outer wall of the X-axis module (200) is slidably connected with a Z-axis module (400) on one side, the crack detection assembly (700) and the outer wall of the Z-axis module (400) are slidably connected, and the inner walls of the gantry (100) are respectively provided with an electric control box (500) and a product glass (600).

3. The crack detection apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by: The inner surfaces of the two inner tooth synchronous belts (806) are respectively meshedly connected with a first driven gear (826) and a second driven gear (830), the inner surface of the first driven gear (826) is rotatably connected with a first bearing seat (827), the outer wall of the first bearing seat (827) is boltedly connected with the inner wall of the metal plate (801) on one side, the inner surface of the second driven gear (830) is rotatably connected with a second rotating shaft, the outer surface of the second rotating shaft is sleeved with a third bearing seat (832), the bottom of the third bearing seat (832) is boltedly connected with the top of the cross support plate (802), and the outer wall of the second rotating shaft is rotatably connected with a third driven gear (831) on one end.

4. The crack detection apparatus according to claim 3, characterized by: The bottom of the third passive gear (831) is connected with a fourth passive gear (833), the inner surface of the fourth passive gear (833) is rotationally connected with a fourth bearing seat (834), and the outer wall of the fourth bearing seat (834) is boltedly connected with the inner wall of the metal plate (801). Each guiding sliding groove (807) is arranged on the outer wall of the inner tooth synchronous belt (806), and each guiding sliding groove (807) is rollingly connected with a corresponding group of micro rollers (808) between the inner walls thereof. The outer wall of each group of micro rollers (808) is connected with the opposite side top of the corresponding carrier disc (809), and the bottom outer wall of each carrier disc (809) is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the corresponding inner tooth synchronous belt (806) through bolts.

5. The crack detection apparatus according to claim 4, characterized by: The inner walls of each carrier disc (809) are symmetrically connected with light source mounting seats (810), and the inner surfaces of the four light source mounting seats (810) are respectively gap-connected with the corresponding dark field light source (811), coaxial light source (812), UV light source (813) and polarized light source (814).

6. The crack detection apparatus according to claim 5, characterized by: The outer wall of each light source mounting seat (810) is symmetrically boltedly connected with an L-shaped bracket (823), the outer wall of each L-shaped bracket (823) is connected with the outer wall of the corresponding second micro electric push rod (824), the shaft end of each second micro electric push rod (824) is insertedly connected with the inner surface of the corresponding second micro ball hinge (825), and the outer walls of the two second micro ball hinges (825) are respectively fixedly connected with the corresponding dark field light source (811), coaxial light source (812), UV light source (813) and polarized light source (814).

7. The crack detection apparatus of claim 6, wherein: The outer wall of the dark field light source (811) is boltedly connected with an elongated lens (815), the outer wall of the coaxial light source (812) is boltedly connected with two connecting seats (816) and a first micro electric push rod (819), the opposite sides of the two connecting seats (816) are fixedly connected with a solid rod (817), and the outer surface of the solid rod (817) is rotationally connected with a beam splitter (818).

8. The crack detection apparatus of claim 7, wherein: The shaft end of the first micro electric push rod (819) is sleeved with a first micro ball hinge (820), and the outer wall of the first micro ball hinge (820) is fixedly connected with the outer wall of the beam splitter (818), and the outer walls of the UV light source (813) and the polarized light source (814) are boltedly connected with a UV band-pass filter (821) and a linear polarizer (822) respectively.

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