Biological compound fertilizer for improving stress resistance and quality of crops as well as preparation method and application of biological compound fertilizer

Abstract

The invention provides a biological compound fertilizer for improving stress resistance and quality of crops as well as a preparation method and application of the biological compound fertilizer, and belongs to the technical field of crop fertilizers. The biological compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 17-20 wt% of a nitrogen fertilizer, 6-9 wt% of a phosphate fertilizer, 10-13 wt% of a potassium fertilizer, 2-5 wt% of a low-temperature-resistant bioactive microbial agent, 0.3-0.8 wt% of a stress-resistant biostimulant, 0.5-1.2 wt% of chelated medium trace elements, 2-3 wt% of a functional slow-release auxiliary agent, and the balance of an inorganic carrier. The biological compound fertilizer is used for cultivation of corn, rice and soybeans in cold areas of black land in northeast China, is applied as a base fertilizer, and can significantly improve the stress resistance (low temperature resistance and lodging resistance), yield and quality of crops.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of crop fertilizers, and particularly relates to a biological compound fertilizer for improving the stress resistance and quality of crops, and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] As an important grain base, the cold and cool region of black soil in Northeast China (such as Songnen Plain, Sanjiang Plain, and Liaohe Plain) has the climate characteristics of low annual mean temperature, short frost-free period, and high risk of low temperature and early frost in spring. The problems of low soil organic matter, soil compaction, and low microbial activity caused by long-term cultivation have significantly restricted the growth of the main crops of corn, soybean, and rice in the region, and the existing fertilizer technology cannot meet the comprehensive needs of "stress resistance, yield preservation, and quality improvement".

[0003] In the key growth stages of crops, the negative effects of the cold and cool environment in Northeast China are always present: low temperature in spring can lead to reduced germination rate and seedling damage of corn, prolonged emergence and decreased seedling survival rate of soybean, and reduced effective tillering of rice. However, the existing fertilizers lack low-temperature-resistant strains and biological stimulants, which cannot alleviate the damage of low temperature from the physiological level. At the soil level, insufficient microbial activity can reduce the formation of adventitious roots and the resistance to lodging of corn, and can cause physiological disorders such as iron and zinc deficiency of soybean due to unsuitable soil pH, and can reduce the nodule nitrogen fixation efficiency of soybean. Long-term flooding of rice fields can also lead to increased soil reduction and inhibited root activity. The existing fertilizers neither design functions for "root promotion and stress resistance" nor adjust the soil microenvironment, making it difficult to improve the soil conditions for crop growth. In the yield and quality formation stage, early frost in autumn shortens the filling period of corn, leading to reduced thousand-grain weight and bulk density. Insufficient accumulated temperature during the grain-filling period of soybean affects the grain fullness and oil content, and low temperature during the filling period of rice leads to reduced thousand-grain weight and unbalanced protein and amylose content, affecting the taste of rice. However, the existing fertilizers mainly focus on the yield improvement of a single crop, and lack the design of nutrient ratios and the adjustment of nutrient transport efficiency and quality-related indicators. Overall, the current fertilizer technology for the cold and cool region of black soil in Northeast China has obvious shortcomings: poor stress resistance, unable to match the core limitations of low temperature and insufficient accumulated temperature in the region; single function, focusing only on yield improvement, without the synergy of "stress resistance, seedling preservation, and quality improvement" and soil improvement; and lack of directional regulation of crop quality, unable to meet the demand for yield and quality simultaneously. Therefore, the development of a biological compound fertilizer that adapts to the environment of the cold and cool region of black soil in Northeast China and can simultaneously improve the stress resistance and quality of corn, soybean, and rice has become a key to breaking the bottleneck of grain production in this region. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the present application aims to provide a biological compound fertilizer for improving the stress resistance and quality of crops, and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned application purposes, the present application provides the following technical solutions. The biological compound fertilizer for improving the stress resistance and quality of crops comprises the following raw materials: nitrogen fertilizer 17-20wt%, phosphorus fertilizer 6-9wt%, potassium fertilizer 10-13wt%, low-temperature resistant bioactive bacteria agent 2-5wt%, stress-resistant biological stimulant 0.3-0.8wt%, chelated trace elements 0.5-1.2wt%, functional slow-release aid 2-3wt%, and the balance is inorganic carrier; The low-temperature resistant bioactive bacteria agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter chroococcum and phosphorus and potassium solubilizing bacteria; The stress-resistant biological stimulant is composed of humic acid, betaine, proline and seaweed extract; The functional slow-release aid is composed of urea-formaldehyde resin coating material and potassium polyacrylate.

[0006] Preferably, the viable bacterial count of the low-temperature resistant bioactive bacteria agent is ≥1×10 9 CFU / g, and the Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter chroococcum and phosphorus and potassium solubilizing bacteria are compounded at a viable bacterial count ratio of 2:1:1.

[0007] Preferably, the biological stimulant is composed of humic acid 40-50wt%, betaine 20-30wt%, proline 15-20wt% and seaweed extract 10-15wt%.

[0008] Preferably, the chelated trace elements are composed of EDTA chelated iron 0.1-0.2wt%, EDTA chelated zinc 0.08-0.15wt%, calcium silicate 0.2-0.3wt%, EDTA chelated magnesium 0.05-0.1wt% and EDTA chelated boron 0.07-0.13wt%.

[0009] Preferably, the functional slow-release aid is composed of urea-formaldehyde resin coating material and potassium polyacrylate at a mass ratio of 3:2.

[0010] Preferably, the inorganic carrier is selected from one or more of clay, bentonite, attapulgite powder and talc powder.

[0011] The present application also provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned biological compound fertilizer, comprising the following steps: (1) crushing the inorganic carrier to a particle size of 20-30 mesh, drying to a water content of ≤10wt%, and reserving; (2) according to the proportion, the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer, the potassium fertilizer and the inorganic carrier treated in step (1) are mixed, and stirring is carried out at 15-25 DEG C for 15-20 min, to obtain a basic nutrient mixture; (3) according to the proportion, the low-temperature-resistant bioactive bacteria agent is taken, mixed with the sterile bran at a weight ratio of 1:3, activated for 2-3 h, then the stress-resistant biological stimulant and the chelated trace elements are added, and stirring is carried out for 10-15 min, to obtain a functional auxiliary mixture; (4) the functional auxiliary mixture of step (3) is added to the basic nutrient mixture of step (2), and then a functional slow-release auxiliary agent is added, stirring is carried out at 20-25 DEG C and a rotation speed of 150-200 r / min for 25-30 min, then granulation is carried out to a particle size of 2-4 mm, and drying is carried out until the water content is less than or equal to 8 wt%, to obtain the bio-composite fertilizer.

[0012] The application also provides application of the bio-composite fertilizer in crop cultivation in the cold and cool region of the black soil in northeast China.

[0013] Preferably, the crops include corn, rice and soybean; the bio-composite fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, the application amount of the bio-composite fertilizer is 30-40 kg / acre for corn, 35-45 kg / acre for rice, and 25-35 kg / acre for soybean.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects: The application is aimed at the core problem of low temperature and insufficient accumulated temperature in the cold and cool region of the black soil in northeast China, the low-temperature-resistant bioactive bacteria agent secretes antifreeze protein and activates soil nutrients, the stress-resistant biological stimulant adjusts cell osmotic pressure, and the two cooperate to relieve the damage of low temperature to the cell membrane of crops, reduce the low germination rate of corn, the low seedling survival rate of soybean, and the reduction of effective tillering of rice, and the like.

[0015] The bio-composite fertilizer has comprehensive function cooperation, realizes stress resistance, yield maintenance, quality improvement and soil improvement integration, the functional slow-release auxiliary agent controls slow release of nitrogen, avoids nutrient loss under low temperature, and guarantees the demand of crops in the critical growth period; the chelated trace elements are easy to absorb, prevent physiological obstacles of soybean, and improve the fullness of rice grains; compared with the traditional compound fertilizer, the yield of corn per mu is increased by more than 13.8%, the oil yield of soybean is increased by more than 13.4%, and the taste value of rice is more than 86 points, and each functional component has a significant contribution to the final effect.

[0016] In addition, the bio-composite fertilizer has strong pertinence and high universality, and has outstanding application value, which is suitable for the demand of single crop and can cover the main crops in the cold and cool region of the black soil in northeast China, solves the problems of single function, poor stress resistance pertinence and insufficient quality regulation of existing fertilizers, and provides effective technical support for breaking the bottleneck of regional grain production. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The application provides a biological compound fertilizer for improving the stress resistance and quality of crops, which comprises the following raw materials: 17-20wt% of nitrogen fertilizer, 6-9wt% of phosphorus fertilizer, 10-13wt% of potassium fertilizer, 2-5wt% of low-temperature-resistant bioactive bacteria agent, 0.3-0.8wt% of stress-resistant bio-stimulants, 0.5-1.2wt% of chelated trace elements, 2-3wt% of functional slow-release additives, and the balance of inorganic carriers.

[0018] In the application, the nitrogen fertilizer is preferably 18-19wt%, the phosphorus fertilizer is preferably 7-8wt%, and the potassium fertilizer is preferably 11-12wt%; further preferably, the N:P2O5:K2O of the biological compound fertilizer is 18:8:12. The N:P2O5:K2O ratio of the biological compound fertilizer of the application takes into account the climate characteristics of black soil and cold regions and the growth requirements of crops, and the medium nitrogen promotes growth, the appropriate phosphorus promotes root nodule fixation, and the high potassium enhances stress resistance. Specifically, the 17-20wt% of nitrogen fertilizer meets the nitrogen requirements of corn at the jointing stage and rice at the tillering stage, while avoiding excessive nitrogen loss at low temperatures; for soybeans, the nitrogen content is controlled at a medium level, which can reduce the inhibition of root nodule fixation, and the nitrogen supplement at the grain filling stage is also considered. The 7-8wt% of phosphorus fertilizer can promote crop root development (especially corn adventitious roots and rice fibrous roots), improve root absorption capacity at low temperatures, meet the phosphorus requirements of soybean root nodule fixation, and reduce physiological obstacles. The 11-12wt% of potassium fertilizer can enhance the osmotic pressure of crop cells, improve the low-temperature resistance and lodging resistance, promote soybean oil synthesis and the transport of photosynthetic products to rice grains, and meet the quality improvement requirements. More preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer is selected from one or more of urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, and ammonium nitrate; as an implementable manner, the corn and rice special fertilizer is a mixture of urea and ammonium chloride at a weight ratio of 3:1, and the soybean special fertilizer is a mixture of ammonium sulfate and urea at a weight ratio of 2:1; the phosphorus fertilizer is selected from one or more of monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, superphosphate, and triple superphosphate; as an implementable manner, monoammonium phosphate is selected, which has good solubility in cold regions and high phosphorus utilization rate; and the potassium fertilizer is selected from one or more of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and potassium nitrate; as an implementable manner, the corn and soybean special fertilizer is potassium chloride, and the rice special fertilizer is a mixture of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate at a weight ratio of 4:1.

[0019] In the application, the low-temperature-resistant bioactive bacteria agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter chroococcum, and phosphate-solubilizing and potassium-solubilizing bacteria; preferably, the viable bacterial count of the low-temperature-resistant bioactive bacteria agent is ≥1×10 9 CFU / g, and the Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter chroococcum, and phosphate-solubilizing and potassium-solubilizing bacteria are compounded at a viable bacterial count ratio of 2:1:1. In the application, the Bacillus subtilis can secrete antifreeze proteins and chitinase, relieve the damage of low temperature to crop cell membranes, promote the generation of corn adventitious roots, enhance the root activity of rice, and improve the lodging resistance and seedling survival rate; the Azotobacter chroococcum can fix nitrogen, promote the growth of crops, and improve the yield and quality of crops; and the phosphate-solubilizing and potassium-solubilizing bacteria can promote the growth of crops, improve the yield and quality of crops, and reduce the physiological obstacles of crops. Bacillus subtilis Azotobacter chroococcum ​) Synergistic with Bradyrhizobium japonicum, improve nitrogen fixation efficiency, reduce physiological barriers of soybean caused by nitrogen deficiency, and secrete auxin to promote seedling growth; phosphorus and potassium solubilizing bacteria can activate fixed phosphorus and potassium in black soil, compensate for the slow release of soil nutrients in cool regions, provide sustained nutrients for crops, and indirectly improve thousand seed weight and yield.

[0020] In the present application, the stress-resistant biological stimulant is composed of humic acid, betaine, proline and seaweed extract; preferably, the biological stimulant is composed of humic acid 40-50wt%, betaine 20-30wt%, proline 15-20wt% and seaweed extract 10-15wt%; further preferably, the biological stimulant is composed of humic acid 45wt%, betaine 25wt%, proline 18wt% and seaweed extract 12wt%. In the present application, humic acid can increase soil temperature, reduce root freezing injury caused by low temperature, and improve soil water and fertilizer conservation, soil aggregate structure, and corn and rice root development. Betaine and proline, as osmotic regulators, can enhance the frost resistance of crop cells, reduce cell dehydration caused by low temperature, improve the corn and soybean seedling survival rate, promote photosynthetic product accumulation during the rice filling stage, and improve rice taste; seaweed extract (containing fucan) can activate the expression of crop stress resistance genes, improve low temperature resistance and lodging resistance, and promote soybean oil synthesis and regulate amylose content in rice.

[0021] In the present application, the chelated trace elements are preferably composed of EDTA chelated iron 0.1-0.2wt%, EDTA chelated zinc 0.08-0.15wt%, calcium silicate 0.2-0.3wt%, EDTA chelated magnesium 0.05-0.1wt% and EDTA chelated boron 0.07-0.13wt%; further preferably, the chelated trace elements are composed of EDTA chelated iron 0.15wt%, EDTA chelated zinc 0.1wt%, calcium silicate 0.25wt%, EDTA chelated magnesium 0.08wt% and EDTA chelated boron 0.1wt%. In the present application, the trace elements are in EDTA chelated state, which can avoid soil fixation and be easily absorbed by crops. Specifically, iron and zinc can prevent soybean from iron deficiency chlorosis and zinc deficiency leaf spot, promote corn chlorophyll synthesis and rice grain fullness, and enhance the toughness of corn stems and the breaking resistance of rice stems, and also improve rice whiteness and nutritional quality; magnesium is a core component of chlorophyll, which can alleviate the decrease in photosynthetic efficiency caused by low temperature; boron promotes soybean flower organ development and grain formation, and improves pod setting rate and thousand seed weight.

[0022] In the present application, the functional slow-release aid is composed of urea-formaldehyde resin coating material and potassium polyacrylate; preferably, the functional slow-release aid is composed of urea-formaldehyde resin coating material and potassium polyacrylate at a mass ratio of 3:2; further preferably, the coating thickness of the urea-formaldehyde resin coating material is 5-8 μm. In the present application, the urea-formaldehyde resin coating can control slow release of nitrogen, avoid nitrogen loss at low temperature in spring, and ensure nitrogen requirement of corn at the jointing stage, soybean at the podding stage, and rice at the filling stage; the potassium polyacrylate as a water-retaining agent can absorb 300-500 times of water of its own weight, alleviate the problem of spring drought in black soil, improve seedling survival rate, and provide a moist growth environment for root system and promote the generation of adventitious roots.

[0023] In the present application, preferably, the inorganic carrier is selected from one or more of clay, bentonite, attapulgite powder and talc powder.

[0024] The present application also provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned bio-composite fertilizer, comprising the following steps: (1) crushing the inorganic carrier to a particle size of 20-30 mesh, and drying to a water content of ≤10 wt%, for standby use; (2) mixing the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and the inorganic carrier treated in step (1) according to the ratio, stirring at 15-25℃ for 15-20 min to obtain a basic nutrient mixture; (3) taking the low-temperature resistant bioactive agent according to the ratio, mixing with the sterile bran at a weight ratio of 1:3 for activation for 2-3 h, then adding the stress-resistant biological stimulant and chelated trace elements, and stirring for 10-15 min to obtain a functional aid mixture; (4) adding the functional aid mixture of step (3) to the basic nutrient mixture of step (2), then adding the functional slow-release aid, stirring at 20-25℃ and a rotation speed of 150-200 r / min for 25-30 min, and then granulating to a particle size of 2-4 mm, and drying to a water content of ≤8 wt% to obtain the bio-composite fertilizer.

[0025] The present application also provides application of the above-mentioned bio-composite fertilizer in crop cultivation in the cold and cool regions of northeast black soil.

[0026] In the present application, preferably, the crops include corn, rice and soybean; further preferably, the fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer, the application amount of the fertilizer for corn is 30-40 kg / acre, more preferably 35 kg / acre; the application amount of the fertilizer for rice is 35-45 kg / acre, more preferably 40 kg / acre; and the application amount of the fertilizer for soybean is 25-35 kg / acre, more preferably 30 kg / acre.

[0027] The technical solutions provided by the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the examples, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application.

[0028] Example 1 A biological compound fertilizer for improving crop resistance and quality (corn special fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O=18:8:12), raw materials and preparation method are as follows: Urea 31.21wt%, ammonium chloride 5.11wt%, monoammonium phosphate 18.18wt%, potassium chloride 20.0wt%, low-temperature-resistant biological active agent 3wt% (compounded by Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter chroococcum and phosphorus and potassium solubilizing bacteria according to the ratio of viable bacterial count 2:1:1, viable bacterial count≥1×10 9 CFU / g), stress-resistant biological stimulant 0.5wt% (composed of humic acid 45wt%, betaine 25wt%, proline 18wt% and seaweed extract 12wt%), chelated trace elements 0.8wt% (composed of EDTA chelated iron 0.15wt%, EDTA chelated zinc 0.1wt%, calcium silicate 0.25wt%, EDTA chelated magnesium 0.08wt% and EDTA chelated boron 0.1wt%), functional slow-release aid 2.5wt% (urea-formaldehyde resin coating material mixed with potassium polyacrylate at a weight ratio of 3:2, urea-formaldehyde resin coating material coating thickness 6μm), bentonite 18.7wt%.

[0029] (1) The bentonite is crushed to a particle size of 20-30 mesh, and dried at 60℃ to a water content of ≤10wt%, ready for use; (2) Urea, ammonium chloride, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and treated bentonite are weighed according to the above ratio and put into a stirring device, stirred at a speed of 180r / min for 18min in a 20℃ environment to obtain a basic nutrient mixture; (3) The low-temperature-resistant biological active agent is weighed according to the ratio and mixed with sterile bran at a weight ratio of 1:3, activated at 25℃ for 2.5h, then the stress-resistant biological stimulant and chelated trace elements are added, stirred at a speed of 150r / min for 12min to obtain a functional aid mixture; (4) The functional aid mixture is added to the basic nutrient mixture, and the functional slow-release aid is added, stirred at a speed of 200r / min for 28min in a 22℃ environment, then granulated by a disc granulator, controlling the particle size to be 2-4mm, and dried at 40℃ after granulation to a water content of ≤8wt%, cooled and sieved to obtain a corn special biological compound fertilizer. The application method is as follows: Hole application at the time of corn planting (late April), application amount is 35kg / acre, ensure the distance between fertilizer and seed is 5cm to prevent seedling burn, cover 2-3cm thick topsoil after planting.

[0030] Example 2 A biological compound fertilizer for improving crop resistance and quality (soybean special fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O=17:9:10), raw materials and preparation method are as follows: Ammonium sulfate 15.25wt%, urea 28.58wt%, monoammonium phosphate 20.45wt%, potassium chloride 16.67wt%, low temperature resistant bioactive bacteria agent 4wt% (by Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter chroococcum and phosphorus and potassium solubilizing bacteria at a ratio of 2:1:1, live bacteria number≥1×10 9 CFU / g), stress-resistant biological stimulant 0.6wt% (composed of humic acid 45wt%, betaine 25wt%, proline 18wt% and seaweed extract 12wt%), chelated trace elements 1.0wt% (composed of EDTA chelated iron 0.2wt%, EDTA chelated zinc 0.15wt%, calcium silicate 0.3wt%, EDTA chelated magnesium 0.1wt% and EDTA chelated boron 0.13wt%), functional slow-release aid 2.8wt% (urea-formaldehyde resin coating material mixed with potassium polyacrylate at a weight ratio of 3:2, urea-formaldehyde resin coating material coating thickness 5μm), attapulgite powder 10.65wt%.

[0031] (1) The attapulgite powder is crushed to a particle size of 20-30 mesh, and dried at 55°C to a water content of ≤10wt%, ready for use; (2) The ammonium sulfate, urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride and treated attapulgite powder are weighed according to the above ratio, put into a stirring device, stirred at a speed of 160r / min for 20min in an environment of 18°C, to obtain a basic nutrient mixture; (3) The low temperature resistant bioactive bacteria agent is weighed according to the ratio, mixed with sterile bran at a weight ratio of 1:3, activated at 22°C for 3h, then the stress-resistant biological stimulant and chelated trace elements are added, stirred at a speed of 140r / min for 15min, to obtain a functional aid mixture; (4) The functional aid mixture is added to the basic nutrient mixture, and the functional slow-release aid is added, stirred at a speed of 180r / min for 30min in an environment of 20°C, then granulated by a disc granulator, controlling the particle size of 2-4mm, after granulation, dried at 40°C to a water content of ≤8wt%, cooled and sieved, to obtain a soybean special biological compound fertilizer.

[0032] The application method is as follows: Used as a base fertilizer, applied in the form of strips 1 day before soybean sowing (late April), the application amount is 30kg / acre, the fertilizer is applied to the side 5cm of the sowing ditch, with a depth of 4cm, to avoid direct contact with the seeds.

[0033] Example 3 A biological compound fertilizer for improving crop stress resistance and quality (rice special fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O=20:6:13), the raw materials and preparation method are as follows: urea 35.21wt%, ammonium chloride 6.85wt%, monoammonium phosphate 13.64wt%, potassium chloride 15.00wt%, potassium sulfate 8.00wt%, low-temperature resistant bioactive bacteria agent 3.5wt% (compounded by Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter chroococcum and phosphorus and potassium solubilizing bacteria according to the ratio of viable bacterial count 2:1:1, viable bacterial count≥1×10 9 CFU / g), stress-resistant biological stimulant 0.7wt% (composed of humic acid 45wt%, betaine 25wt%, proline 18wt% and seaweed extract 12wt%), chelated trace elements 0.9wt% (composed of EDTA chelated iron 0.18wt%, EDTA chelated zinc 0.12wt%, calcium silicate 0.28wt%, EDTA chelated magnesium 0.09wt% and EDTA chelated boron 0.11wt%), functional slow-release aid 2.6wt% (mixed by urea-formaldehyde resin coating material and potassium polyacrylate at a weight ratio of 3:2, urea-formaldehyde resin coating material coating thickness 8μm), clay 13.6wt%.

[0034] (1) The clay was crushed to a particle size of 20-30 mesh, and dried at 65°C to a water content of ≤10wt%, ready for use; (2) The urea, ammonium chloride, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and treated clay were weighed according to the above ratio and put into the stirring equipment, stirred at 190r / min for 15min at 25°C to obtain a basic nutrient mixture; (3) The low-temperature resistant bioactive bacteria agent was weighed according to the ratio and mixed with sterile bran at a weight ratio of 1:3, activated at 24°C for 2h, then the stress-resistant biological stimulant and chelated trace elements were added and stirred at 160r / min for 10min to obtain a functional aid mixture; (4) The functional aid mixture was added to the basic nutrient mixture, and the functional slow-release aid was added, stirred at 190r / min for 25min at 23°C, then granulated by disc granulator, controlling the particle size of 2-4mm, and dried at 42°C to a water content of ≤8wt% after granulation, and then cooled and sieved to obtain the special biological compound fertilizer for rice.

[0035] The application method is as follows: Used as base fertilizer, applied 3 days before rice transplanting (early May), the application amount was 40kg / acre, and the fertilizer was evenly distributed by plowing into the soil with a plowing depth of 5cm.

[0036] Test Example 1 Effects of different fertilizers on corn emergence, growth and yield in cold and cool areas of northeast black soil Test crop: corn variety "Zhengdan 958".

[0037] 1. Test fertilizer formula Example 1 corn special fertilizer (T1); traditional nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (T2); Example 1 corn special fertilizer without biological active bacteria agent (T3); Example 1 corn special fertilizer without biological stimulant (T4); Example 1 corn special fertilizer without slow-release aid (T5).

[0038] 2. Test design Test design method: random block design, 3 repetitions for each treatment, plot area 20 m 2 (4 m x 5 m), plot spacing 0.5 m, four sides with protective rows (width 2 m).

[0039] Planting management: Seeding time: April 25, seeding density 4500 plants / acre, hole seeding (2 seeds per hole, thinning to 1 plant after germination).

[0040] Fertilization method: all by hole seeding at seeding time (5 cm apart from seeds to avoid seedling burn), application amount unified as 35 kg / acre (consistent with pure nutrient input principle, total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of T2-T5 same as T1).

[0041] Other management: unified irrigation during whole growth period (irrigation 1 time at seedling stage, jointing stage and grain filling stage, each time 30 m 3 / acre), weeding (manual weeding 2 times), pest and disease control (corn borer sprayed with chlorantraniliprole, aphid sprayed with imidacloprid), ensuring that other conditions except fertilizer are consistent.

[0042] 3. Determination index and method (1) Corn low temperature resistance determination Determination period: 15 days after seeding (seedling 3 leaves 1 heart stage, easy to encounter natural low temperature <10℃ for more than 3 days).

[0043] Determination index and method: Leaf relative conductivity: measured by DDS-307 conductivity meter, immersion method, the lower the conductivity, the stronger the low temperature resistance; Chlorophyll content: measured SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter to determine the chlorophyll value of 3rd leaf (10 plants measured in each plot, average value taken), the higher the chlorophyll content, the stronger the photosynthetic capacity under low temperature.

[0044] (2) Corn seedling survival rate determination Determination period: 20 days after seeding (seedling 4 leaf stage, after stable germination).

[0045] Determination method: count the actual germination number of each plot, seedling survival rate = (actual germination number / theoretical seeding number) x 100% (theoretical seeding number = plot area x planting density).

[0046] (3) Determination of the amount of corn adventitious roots Determination period: jointing stage (60 days after sowing).

[0047] Determination method: 5 corns were randomly dug from each plot, washed clean, and the number of adventitious roots within 5 cm around the main root (roots with a length of ≥1 cm were considered effective adventitious roots) was counted.

[0048] (4) Determination of corn lodging resistance Determination period: grain filling stage (100 days after sowing, the critical period for lodging).

[0049] Determination index and method: Stem base thickness: the diameter at 3 cm from the base of the stem was measured with a vernier caliper (10 plants were measured in each plot, and the average value was taken); Stem breaking resistance: the breaking resistance of the stem base (3 cm) was measured with a plant stem breaking instrument (5 plants were measured in each plot, and the average value was taken); the higher the breaking resistance, the stronger the lodging resistance.

[0050] (5) Determination of corn yield and thousand-grain weight Determination period: harvest period (October 5, 7 days after early frost).

[0051] Determination method: Actual plot yield: all corn ears in each plot were harvested, threshed, and dried (moisture content ≤14%), weighed, and converted to yield per mu; Thousand-grain weight: 3 samples of 1000 grains each were randomly taken from the grain in each plot, weighed, and the average value was taken.

[0052] 4. Test results As shown in Table 1, the corn special bio-fertilizer of Example 1 (T1) is significantly better than the traditional fertilizer and other control groups in improving the resistance, growth and yield of corn in the cold and cool region of Northeast China. The relative electrical conductivity of corn leaves in T1 group is only 22.3±1.2%, which is significantly lower than that in the traditional compound fertilizer group and the control groups of missing microbial agent, biological stimulant and slow-release aid. At the same time, the SPAD value of chlorophyll in T1 group reaches 52.6±1.5, which is 16.1% higher than that in T2 group, indicating that it can effectively reduce the damage of low temperature to cell membrane by secreting antifreeze protein through low-temperature resistant bioactive bacteria and regulating cell osmotic pressure through biological stimulant, and maintain high photosynthetic efficiency to lay a foundation for subsequent growth. The seedling survival rate of T1 group is 92.5±2.1%, which is 13.9% higher than that of T2 group, and the amount of adventitious roots per plant reaches 18.2±1.3, which is significantly higher than that of other control groups. This is due to the synergistic effect of Bacillus subtilis promoting adventitious root generation and polyacrylate potassium water and soil conservation, which relieves the seedling problem caused by low temperature and drought in the cold and cool region of Northeast China in spring and enhances the root absorption capacity. The stem base thickness and stem bending resistance of T1 group are the highest in each group, which are 17.3% and 37.2% higher than those of T2 group respectively, effectively reducing the risk of lodging during the filling stage; the final yield per mu reaches 785±15 kg, and the thousand-grain weight is 382±5 g, which is 13.8% and 7.6% higher than that of T2 group respectively, which reflects the comprehensive advantages of precise slow-release aid and trace elements in promoting photosynthetic product accumulation, and realizes the synergy of "resistance-yield-quality".

[0053] Table 1 Effect of different fertilizers on corn emergence, growth and yield in cold and cool region of black soil

[0054] Test Example 2 Effect of different fertilizers on soybean growth, yield and quality in cold and cool region of Northeast China black soil Test crop: soybean variety "He'nong 71".

[0055] 1. Test fertilizer formula Example 2 soybean special fertilizer (T1); traditional nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (T2); Example 2 soybean special fertilizer without bioactive bacteria (T3); Example 2 soybean special fertilizer without biological stimulant (T4); Example 2 soybean special fertilizer without slow-release aid (T5).

[0056] 2. Test design Test design method: randomized block design, 3 times of repetition, plot area 15 m 2 (3 m x 5 m), row spacing 50 cm, plant spacing 15 cm, protective row 2 m.

[0057] Planting management: Sowing method: sowing on April 30th (3cm deep), 5kg / acre, 1.8w / plant.

[0058] Fertilization method: sowing on April 30th (3cm deep), 5kg / acre, 1.8w / plant.

[0059] Other management: irrigation twice (flowering period, grain period, 25m 3 ), artificial weeding twice, and prevention of soybean borer (spraying with deltamethrin).

[0060] 3. Determination index and method (1) Determination of soybean germination Determination period: determination of germination potential after 4 days, determination of germination rate after 7 days; Select 3 sowing lines of 1m long in each plot at random, and count the number of germinated seeds (embryo root breaking through seed coat ≥0.5cm is considered as germination): Low temperature germination rate = (number of germinated seeds / theoretical sowing number of the line) x 100%; Low temperature germination potential = (number of seeds germinated within 4 days after sowing / theoretical sowing number of the line) x 100%.

[0061] (2) Determination of soybean resistance to low temperature Determination period: 10 days after sowing (2-leaf stage of seedlings, after low temperature stress)

[0062] MDA content of leaf: the lower the MDA content, the lighter the low temperature damage.

[0063] Dry matter accumulation of seedlings: take the above 10 seedlings, wash and dry (80℃ until constant weight), weigh and calculate the dry weight of single plant (mg / plant). The more dry matter accumulation under low temperature, the stronger the resistance to low temperature damage and photosynthesis / metabolism of the plant, which directly reflects the protective effect of fertilizer on seedling growth.

[0064] (3) Determination of soybean seedling survival rate Determination period: 25 days after sowing (3-leaf stage of seedlings)

[0065] Determination method: count the actual number of seedlings in each plot, and the seedling survival rate = (actual number of seedlings / theoretical number of seedlings) x 100% (theoretical number of seedlings = plot area x 1.8w / acre).

[0066] (4) Determination of physiological disorder incidence of soybean Determination period: flowering period (60 days after sowing, high incidence period of physiological disorder)

[0067] Determination method: count the number of soybean plants with "iron deficiency chlorosis" (new leaves yellow, leaf veins green) and "zinc deficiency small leaves" (leaf size decreases, clustered) in each plot, and the incidence of physiological disorders = (number of disorder plants / total number of plants) x 100%.

[0068] (5) Determination of soybean yield, thousand-grain weight and oil content Determination period: harvest period (September 25, when 70% of the leaves have fallen off).

[0069] Plot yield: all pods in the harvested plot are threshed and dried (moisture content ≤ 13%), and the yield per mu is converted; thousand-grain weight: randomly take 3 sets of 1000 seeds, weigh and take the average; oil content: use Soxhlet extraction method (diethyl ether as extractant) to determine the crude fat content of the seeds, i.e. oil content.

[0070] 4, Test results As shown in Table 2, the soybean special bio-compound fertilizer of Example 2 (T1) has outstanding effects in improving low-temperature germination, stress resistance, yield and grain quality of soybeans. The germination energy and germination rate of T1 group are significantly higher than those of traditional compound fertilizer group, and are increased by 5%-15% compared with the control group lacking functional components. This is because the low-temperature resistant bacteria agent activates soil nutrients and the biological stimulant proline regulates cell osmotic pressure, providing a suitable microenvironment for seed germination and shortening the germination period. The malondialdehyde content of soybean leaves in T1 group is only 8.5±0.6 nmol / g FW, which is 31.0% lower than that in T2 group, indicating that the degree of low-temperature damage is significantly reduced; the dry weight per plant reaches 425±12 mg, which is 20.7% higher than that in T2 group, reflecting the synergistic effect of humic acid in increasing soil temperature and round-brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria in promoting nutrient absorption, and enhancing the ability of seedlings to resist low-temperature stress. The survival rate of T1 group reaches 90.8±1.9%, and the incidence of physiological disorders is 72.2% lower than that of T2 group, effectively solving the problems of iron deficiency chlorosis and zinc deficiency small leaves of soybeans; the final yield per mu is 268±8 kg, the thousand-grain weight is 235±4 g, and the oil content is 22.8±0.3%, which is 19.1%, 11.9% and 13.4% higher than those of T2 group, respectively, which is closely related to the chelated trace elements ensuring grain development and the seaweed extract promoting oil synthesis, achieving the double improvement of yield and quality.

[0071] Table 2 Effect of different fertilizers on the growth, yield and quality of soybeans in the cold and cool regions of black soil in Northeast China

[0072] Test Example 3 Effect of different fertilizers on the growth, yield and quality of rice in the cold and cool regions of black soil in Northeast China Test crop: rice variety "Longjing 31".

[0073] 1, Test fertilizer formula Example 3 rice special-purpose fertilizer (T1); traditional nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (T2); Example 3 rice special-purpose fertilizer without biological active bacteria agent (T3); Example 3 rice special-purpose fertilizer without biological stimulant (T4); Example 3 rice special-purpose fertilizer without slow-release aid (T5).

[0074] 2. Test design Test design method: random block design, 3 times of repetition, plot area 20 m 2 (4 m x 5 m), planting density 30 cm x 13 cm (3 plants per hole), protective row 2 m, field ridge covered with film to prevent fertilizer water leakage.

[0075] Planting management: Planting method: manual planting on May 10 (seedling age 30 days, 3-leaf 1-heart period).

[0076] Fertilization method: whole field spreading 3 days before planting (base fertilizer), application amount 40 kg / mu (total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium consistent with each control), no other fertilizer is applied during the whole growth period.

[0077] Other management: water layer management (shallow water layer 3-5 cm after planting, deep water layer 5-7 cm during tillering period, dry and wet alternation during grain filling period), prevention and control of rice blast (spraying with triflumizole) and rice planthopper (spraying with thiamethoxam).

[0078] 3. Determination index and method (1) Determination of rice yield and thousand-grain weight Determination period: harvest period (September 20, when the rice spike yellow ripening rate is 90%).

[0079] Determination method: Plot yield: all rice spikes in the plot are harvested, threshed and dried (moisture content ≤14.5%), weighed and converted to yield per mu; thousand-grain weight: 3 parts of 1000 rough rice grains are randomly taken, weighed and averaged.

[0080] (2) Determination of rice nutritional quality Determination period: 15 days after harvest (grain after-ripening is completed).

[0081] Determination method: Protein content: Kjeldahl method is used to determine the protein content of rough rice; total amount of amino acids: Hitachi L-8900 amino acid analyzer is used to determine the total amount of 17 kinds of free amino acids in rough rice.

[0082] (3) Determination of rice taste and flavor Determination period: same as the determination of nutritional quality.

[0083] Determination method: Amylose content: the iodine colorimetric method was used to determine the amylose content of brown rice (amylose content of 15%-18% is the range of high-quality taste rice); taste value: the taste of cooked rice was determined by a rice taste meter (Satake STA-1A) (full score 100, ≥80 is excellent); sensory score: a group of 5 professional evaluators evaluated the softness, stickiness, aroma and aftertaste of the rice (20 points for each, total 100 points), and the average value was taken.

[0084] 4. Test results As shown in Table 3, the rice special bio-fertilizer of Example 3 (T1) has significant advantages in improving rice yield, optimizing rice nutrition and taste quality. The yield per mu of T1 group is 680±12 kg, and the thousand-grain weight is 27.5±0.6 g, which is 13.3% and 9.1% higher than that of the traditional compound fertilizer group, respectively, and significantly higher than that of the control groups lacking microbial agents, biological stimulants and slow-release additives. This is due to the control of nitrogen release by functional slow-release additives, which meets the nutrient needs of rice during the tillering and filling stages, and the activation of soil phosphorus and potassium by phosphorus and potassium solubilizing bacteria, which provides sufficient nutrients for grain filling. The protein content and total amino acid content of T1 group are 12.3% and 13.8% higher than those of T2 group, respectively, and higher than those of other control groups. This is because chelated magnesium promotes chlorophyll synthesis, and biological stimulants humic acid regulates nutrient transport, which enhances the accumulation of protein, amino acid and other nutrients, and enhances the nutritional value of rice. The amylose content of T1 group is 16.8±0.3%, which is in the best range of high-quality taste rice (15%-18%), and the taste value and sensory score are 19.4% and 17.3% higher than those of T2 group, respectively, indicating that seaweed extract and betaine can directionally regulate amylose synthesis, improve the softness and stickiness of rice, and enhance the eating experience.

[0085] Table 3 Effect of different fertilizers on rice growth, yield and quality in Heilongjiang cold and cool region

[0086] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present application, a number of improvements and refinements can be made, which should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A bio-composite fertilizer for improving stress resistance and quality of crops, characterized in that, The biological compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: nitrogen fertilizer 17-20wt%, phosphorus fertilizer 6-9wt%, potassium fertilizer 10-13wt%, low-temperature resistant bioactive bacteria agent 2-5wt%, stress-resistant biological stimulant 0.3-0.8wt%, chelated trace elements 0.5-1.2wt%, functional slow-release aid 2-3wt%, and the balance is inorganic carrier; the low-temperature resistant bioactive bacteria agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter chroococcum and phosphorus and potassium solubilizing bacteria; the stress-resistant biological stimulant is composed of humic acid, betaine, proline and seaweed extract; the functional slow-release aid is composed of urea-formaldehyde resin coating material and potassium polyacrylate.

2. The bio-composite fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The viable cell count of the low-temperature resistant bioactive bacterial agent is ≥1×10 9 CFU / g, and the Bacillus subtilis, Azotobacter chroococcum, and phosphate-solubilizing and potassium-solubilizing bacteria are compounded at a viable cell count ratio of 2:1:

1.

3. The bio-composite fertilizer of claim 1, wherein, The biological stimulant is composed of humic acid 40-50wt%, betaine 20-30wt%, proline 15-20wt% and seaweed extract 10-15wt%.

4. The bio-composite fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the bio-composite fertilizer is a granule having a diameter of 0.5 to 5 mm. The chelated trace elements are composed of EDTA chelated iron 0.1-0.2wt%, EDTA chelated zinc 0.08-0.15wt%, calcium silicate 0.2-0.3wt%, EDTA chelated magnesium 0.05-0.1wt% and EDTA chelated boron 0.07-0.13wt%.

5. The bio-composite fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the bio-composite fertilizer is a granule having a diameter of 0.5 to 5 mm. The functional slow-release aid is composed of urea-formaldehyde resin coating material and potassium polyacrylate in a mass ratio of 3:

2.

6. The bio-composite fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the bio-composite fertilizer is a granule having a diameter of 0.5 to 5 mm. The inorganic carrier is selected from one or more of clay, bentonite, attapulgite powder and talc powder.

7. The method for preparing the bio-composite fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: (1) crushing the inorganic carrier to a particle size of 20-30 mesh, drying to a water content of ≤10wt%, and reserving; (2) mixing the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer with the inorganic carrier treated in step (1) according to the proportion, stirring at 15-25℃ for 15-20min to obtain a basic nutrient mixture; (3) taking the low-temperature resistant bioactive bacteria agent according to the proportion, mixing with sterile bran at a weight ratio of 1:3 for 2-3h of activation, then adding the stress-resistant biological stimulant and chelated trace elements, stirring for 10-15min to obtain a functional aid mixture; (4) adding the functional aid mixture of step (3) to the basic nutrient mixture of step (2), then adding the functional slow-release aid, stirring at 20-25℃ and a rotation speed of 150-200r / min for 25-30min, then granulating to a particle size of 2-4mm, drying to a water content of ≤8wt%, and obtaining the biological compound fertilizer.

8. The biological compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-6 is applied to crop cultivation in the cold and cool regions of northeast black soil.

9. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that, The crops include corn, rice and soybean; the fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer, the application amount of the fertilizer for corn is 30-40kg / acre, the application amount of the fertilizer for rice is 35-45kg / acre, and the application amount of the fertilizer for soybean is 25-35kg / acre.

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