Three-component pintle rotational flow torch igniter
By designing a three-element needle-bolt swirling torch igniter, combining liquid fuel and gaseous oxidizer injection with spark plug ignition, the problems of low flame temperature and insufficient ignition success rate are solved, and the flame temperature is regulated and improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511841382.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-20
AI Technical Summary
Existing flare igniters are ineffective in atomizing and mixing liquid fuels and gaseous oxidizers, resulting in low flame temperatures, insufficient ignition success rates, and difficulty in adjusting flame temperatures over a wide range.
It adopts a three-element needle-bolt swirling torch igniter. Liquid fuel is injected through the central needle-bolt, and gaseous oxidizer is injected through the swirling nozzle. Combined with the spark plug, they are ignited to generate high-temperature gas, and the flame temperature is regulated by the gaseous oxidizer in the body.
It improves atomization quality, enhances flame temperature and ignition success rate, is suitable for different fuel and oxidizer combinations, and achieves a wide range of flame temperature adjustment.
Smart Images
Figure CN121363739A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of ignition, and particularly relates to a three-component needle bolt rotational flow torch igniter. BACKGROUND
[0002] The torch igniter generates high-temperature combustion gas by burning, and then ignites larger combustion equipment, and is widely applied in liquid rocket engines, gas generators and combustion heaters. The combustion medium of the torch igniter is divided into fuel and oxidizer. The fuel is various, and is divided into gas and liquid. The gas is mainly hydrogen and methane, and the liquid is mainly carbon-hydrogen fuel such as alcohol and kerosene. The oxidizer is generally oxygen and air.
[0003] No matter what kind of oxidizer or fuel, it is injected into the combustion chamber through the injector, and then mixed and burned. Different injectors are suitable for different combustion medium types and torch igniter working conditions. The gas propellant generally adopts straight-hole or annular-slit injection, and the liquid propellant generally adopts straight-hole or centrifugal injection. After the liquid propellant is injected, it needs to go through atomization and mixing before participating in combustion, and the atomization quality directly affects the working performance of the torch igniter. It is found in actual use that the gas and liquid injected through the straight-hole or annular-slit injection interact with each other, and it is difficult to obtain good atomization effect, which leads to low flame temperature of the torch igniter, and even cannot successfully ignite, directly affecting the flame temperature and ignition success rate of the torch igniter. In addition, the reliable ignition of the torch igniter by using the spark plug requires that the mixing ratio of the fuel and the oxidizer is within a suitable range. Similarly, the reliable ignition of the torch igniter in the form of double components also requires that the mixing ratio of the fuel and the oxidizer is within a suitable range. The torch igniter in the form of double components is difficult to adjust the flame temperature of the torch igniter within a wide range according to actual needs.
[0004] At present, it is urgent to develop a three-component needle bolt rotational flow torch igniter. SUMMARY
[0005] One of the technical problems to be solved by the present application is to provide a three-component needle bolt rotational flow torch igniter. Another technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a use method of the three-component needle bolt rotational flow torch igniter, so as to overcome the defects of the prior art.
[0006] The three-component needle bolt rotational flow torch igniter of the present application adopts carbon-hydrogen fuel such as alcohol or kerosene as the liquid fuel, and adopts gaseous oxidizer such as oxygen or air as the oxidizer. The liquid fuel is injected through the needle bolt holes distributed in the center in the radial direction, and the oxidizer is injected by rotating the swirler. The combined propellant after atomization and mixing is ignited by the spark plug to generate high-temperature combustion gas.
[0007] The three-component needle plug rotational flow flare igniter of the application comprises a center-symmetrical head, a mixing section and a combustion chamber connected in sequence from top to bottom; the head and the mixing section are sealed by a red copper pad II, the mixing section and the combustion chamber are sealed by a red copper pad I, and the head and the combustion chamber are fixed by a plurality of inner hexagonal round stud screws distributed uniformly in the circumferential direction; The upper section of the mixing section is provided with a head gas cavity A; two center-symmetric through holes in communication with the head gas cavity A are formed along the circumferential direction of the head gas cavity A, one through hole is closed by an arc-shaped plate, and the other through hole is connected with external gas oxidizer through a head gas connecting straight pipe and a head gas straight-through joint in sequence; the lower section of the mixing section is provided with a plurality of cooling gas injection channels distributed uniformly along the circumferential direction and parallel to the center axis, the upper end of the cooling gas injection channel is in communication with the head gas cavity A, and the lower end of the cooling gas injection channel is in communication with the inner cavity of the combustion chamber; On the center axis of the three-component needle plug rotational flow flare igniter, a needle plug rotational flow nozzle is inserted into the center of the head; the center axis of the needle plug rotational flow nozzle is provided with a fuel liquid channel B; the upper section of the needle plug rotational flow nozzle and the head are sealed by a red copper pad III; the middle section of the needle plug rotational flow nozzle is inserted into the head gas cavity A; the lower section of the needle plug rotational flow nozzle is provided with a head gas spiral channel, the upper end of the head gas spiral channel is in communication with the head gas cavity A, and the lower end of the head gas spiral channel is in communication with the inner cavity of the combustion chamber; the lower end of the needle plug rotational flow nozzle penetrates out of the mixing section and is inserted into the inner cavity of the combustion chamber, and the lower end of the needle plug rotational flow nozzle is further provided with a plurality of needle plug injection holes D distributed uniformly in the circumferential direction, the needle plug injection holes D are in communication with the inner cavity of the combustion chamber; The upper section of the combustion chamber is sleeved with a body gas ring pipe, the body gas ring pipe is provided with a body gas cavity C, and the corresponding wall surface of the combustion chamber is provided with two groups of body gas injection holes distributed uniformly along the center axis, each group of body gas injection holes comprises a plurality of body gas injection holes distributed uniformly along the circumferential direction; the body gas ring pipe is provided with two center-symmetric through holes, one through hole is connected with external gas oxidizer through a body gas connecting straight pipe and a body gas straight-through joint in sequence, and the other through hole is connected with a pressure measuring pipeline through a body gas pressure measuring straight pipe and a body gas pressure measuring straight-through joint in sequence; the middle section of the combustion chamber is provided with a plurality of spark plugs distributed uniformly along the circumferential direction, the number of the spark plugs is determined according to the flow rate of the three-component needle plug rotational flow flare igniter; the outlet of the combustion chamber is fixed with a front nozzle, and the front nozzle is a converging nozzle.
[0008] Further, the inner hexagonal round stud screw is further sleeved with a spring washer and a flat washer stacked in sequence from top to bottom.
[0009] Further, the inner diameter of the combustion chamber is D C , and the outer diameter of the head gas spiral channel is D gPin injection hole D The diameter of the pin injection hole is d 1 The number of the pin injection hole is N 1 The diameter of the body gas injection hole is d 2 The number of the body gas injection hole is N 2 The inner diameter of the body gas connecting straight pipe is d 3 The inner diameter of the head gas connecting straight pipe is d 4 The diameter of the cooling gas injection channel is d 5 The number of the cooling gas injection channel is N 3 ; Wherein: ; The head gas spiral channel, d s represents the spiral blade installation inner diameter, D s represents the spiral blade installation outer diameter, L represents the gas spiral channel circumferential length, delta represents the blade thickness, theta represents the blade installation angle, and the number of blades is n ; The number of blades n satisfies the following formula: ; The gas flow of the gas oxidizer of the head gas spiral channel is : ; Wherein: -gas flow, kg / s; -gas flow coefficient; -head gas spiral channel total area, m 2 ; -gas temperature, K; -gas inlet pressure, MPa; -gas outlet pressure, MPa; -gas constant J / (mol·K); -gas specific heat ratio; The head gas spiral channel total area is: ; In order to ensure that the body gas injection pressure drop meets the design requirements, the following requirements are required: ; In order to ensure that the head gas injection pressure drop meets the design requirements, the following requirements are required: ; For the pinhole D, the fuel liquid flow The calculation formula is as follows: ; Wherein: The fuel liquid flow is kg / s; The viscosity of the liquid is N / m 2 ·s; The density of the liquid is kg / m 3 ; The total area of the liquid injection channel is m 2 ; The liquid injection pressure drop is MPa; The nozzle centrifugal hole diameter is m; The number of centrifugal injection holes is.
[0010] Further, the material of the combustion chamber and the front nozzle is high-temperature alloy GH3128.
[0011] The use method of the three-group pinhole swirl torch igniter of the application, includes the following contents: Liquid fuel is injected into the inner cavity of the combustion chamber through the pinhole swirl nozzle at the pinhole (D); the head gas oxidizer sequentially passes through the head gas straight joint and the head gas connecting straight pipe into the head gas cavity A, and then is divided into two gas streams, one gas stream forms a cooling gas film through the cooling gas injection channel to protect the combustion chamber, and the other gas stream flows through the head gas spiral channel to rotate into the combustion chamber; the liquid fuel and the gas oxidizer collide, atomize, evaporate and mix in the combustion chamber, and burn under the action of the spark plug ignition to generate high-temperature combustion gas; the body gas oxidizer sequentially passes through the body gas straight joint and the body gas connecting straight pipe into the body gas cavity C, and is injected into the inner cavity of the combustion chamber through the body gas injection hole to participate in combustion; the body gas oxidizer has the function of adjusting the gas temperature of the torch igniter; the high-temperature combustion gas passes through the front nozzle throttle to reach the pre-set design pressure, and then is injected into the liquid rocket engine, the gas generator or the combustion heater for ignition; The body gas pressure measuring straight pipe and the body gas pressure measuring straight joint are connected to the body gas ring pipe to measure the pressure of the body gas cavity C, and the gas flow of the body gas oxidizer is controlled through the pressure of the body gas cavity C.
[0012] Further, the liquid fuel is hydrocarbon fuel; the gaseous oxidizer includes oxygen and air.
[0013] Further, the hydrocarbon fuel includes alcohol and kerosene.
[0014] The three-component needle plug rotational flow flare igniter has the following features: a. The overall structure of the three-component needle plug rotational flow flare igniter includes a combination of liquid fuel injection through a needle plug, head gas injection through a rotational flow device, and body gas injection through a straight hole; b. Liquid fuel is injected through a needle plug injection hole, and head gas is rotated through a rotational flow device, which can enhance the interaction between gas and liquid, improve the atomization quality, and increase the flame temperature of the flare igniter; at the same time, the head injection gas forms a gas film to protect the combustion chamber; c. A spark plug is arranged in the body of the combustion chamber, which first ignites the flammable oxidizer and fuel by using the spark plug, and then injects other types of non-flammable fuel in the body, which can adjust the flame temperature, improve the ignition success rate, and be suitable for different fuel and oxidizer combinations.
[0015] The three-component needle plug rotational flow flare igniter injects liquid fuel through a central needle plug rotational flow nozzle and injects gaseous oxidizer through a peripheral rotational flow nozzle. The liquid fuel from the needle plug rotational flow nozzle moves along the radial direction, while the gaseous oxidizer from the rotational flow nozzle moves along the axial direction and rotates along the axial direction, which greatly enhances the interaction between the liquid fuel and the gaseous oxidizer, improves the atomization quality, and further improves the ignition success rate. In addition, the secondary oxygen or air injected in the body of the flare igniter improves the flame temperature of the flare igniter, and at the same time, achieves wide-range adjustment of the flame temperature of the flare igniter.
[0016] In short, the three-component needle plug rotational flow flare igniter combines the characteristics of the needle plug rotational flow injector, improves the propellant atomization effect, improves the flame temperature and ignition success rate of the flare igniter, improves the flame temperature range, and is suitable for large-scale combustion devices such as liquid rocket engines, gas generators, and combustion heaters. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0017] Figure 1 Figure 1 is a structure schematic diagram (perspective view) of the three-component needle plug rotational flow flare igniter of the present application; Figure 2 Figure 2 is a structure schematic diagram (cross-sectional view) of the three-component needle plug rotational flow flare igniter of the present application; Figure 3 Figure 3 is a structure schematic diagram (cross-sectional view) of the needle plug rotational flow nozzle in the three-component needle plug rotational flow flare igniter of the present application; Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the gas spiral channel of the needle-bolt swirling nozzle in the three-component needle-bolt swirling torch igniter of the present invention.
[0018] In the diagram, 1. End cap; 2. Mixing section; 3. Arc plate; 4. Body gas straight connector; 5. Body gas connecting straight pipe; 6. Body gas ring pipe; 7. Combustion chamber; 8. Front nozzle; 9. Spark plug; 10. Body gas injection hole; 11. Body gas pressure measuring straight pipe; 12. Body gas pressure measuring straight connector; 13. Copper gasket I; 14. Head gas connecting straight pipe; 15. Head gas straight connector; 16. Copper gasket II; 17. Flat gasket; 18. Spring gasket; 19. Copper gasket III; 20. Needle-bolt swirl nozzle; 21. Socket hexagonal stud screw; 22. Cooling gas injection channel; 23. Head gas spiral channel; A represents the head gas chamber; B represents the fuel liquid passage; C represents the body gas chamber; D represents the needle nozzle. Detailed Implementation
[0019] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0020] Example: Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the three-element needle-bolt swirling torch igniter of this embodiment includes a centrally symmetrical end cap 1, a mixing section 2, and a combustion chamber 7 connected sequentially from top to bottom; the end cap 1 and the mixing section 2 are sealed by a copper gasket II 16, the mixing section 2 and the combustion chamber 7 are sealed by a copper gasket I 13, and the end cap 1 and the combustion chamber 7 are tightened and fixed by a plurality of internal hexagonal stud screws 21 evenly distributed along the circumference; The upper section of the mixing section 2 is provided with a head gas chamber A; two centrally symmetrical through holes are opened along the circumference of the head gas chamber A and communicate with the head gas chamber A. One through hole is closed by an arc plate 3, and the other through hole is connected to the gas oxidant through a head gas connecting straight pipe 14 and a head gas straight connector 15 connected in sequence; the lower section of the mixing section 2 is provided with a number of cooling gas injection channels 22 that are evenly distributed along the circumference and parallel to the central axis. The upper end of the cooling gas injection channel 22 communicates with the head gas chamber A, and the lower end of the cooling gas injection channel 22 communicates with the inner cavity of the combustion chamber 7. On the central axis of the three-element needle-bolt swirling torch igniter, a needle-bolt swirling nozzle 20 is inserted downward at the center of the end cap 1; a fuel liquid channel B is provided on the central axis of the needle-bolt swirling nozzle 20; the upper section of the needle-bolt swirling nozzle 20 is sealed to the end cap 1 by a copper gasket Ⅲ19; the middle section of the needle-bolt swirling nozzle 20 is inserted into the head gas chamber A; the lower section of the needle-bolt swirling nozzle 20 is provided with a head gas spiral channel 23, the upper end of the head gas spiral channel 23 is connected to the head gas chamber A, and the lower end of the head gas spiral channel 23 is connected to the inner cavity of the combustion chamber 7; the lower end of the needle-bolt swirling nozzle 20 passes through the mixing section 2 and is inserted into the inner cavity of the combustion chamber 7; the lower end of the needle-bolt swirling nozzle 20 is also provided with several needle-bolt nozzle holes D evenly distributed circumferentially, and the needle-bolt nozzle holes D are connected to the inner cavity of the combustion chamber 7. The upper section of the combustion chamber 7 is fitted with a body gas ring pipe 6, and a body gas chamber C is set inside the body gas ring pipe 6. On the wall surface of the combustion chamber 7 corresponding to the body gas chamber C, there are two sets of body gas injection holes 10 evenly distributed along the central axis. Each set of body gas injection holes 10 includes several body gas injection holes 10 evenly distributed along the circumference. The body gas ring pipe 6 is provided with two centrally symmetrical through holes. One through hole is connected to the gaseous oxidant through a body gas connecting straight pipe 5 and a body gas straight connector 4 connected in sequence. The other through hole is connected to the pressure measuring pipeline through a body gas pressure measuring straight pipe 11 and a body gas pressure measuring straight connector 12 connected in sequence. The middle section of the combustion chamber 7 is provided with several spark plugs 9 evenly distributed along the circumference. The number of spark plugs 9 is determined according to the flow rate of the three sets of needle-pin swirling torch igniters set in advance. The outlet of the combustion chamber 7 is fixed with a front nozzle 8, which is a converging nozzle.
[0021] Furthermore, the internal hexagonal stud screw 21 is also fitted with spring washers 18 and flat washers 17 stacked sequentially from top to bottom.
[0022] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the combustion chamber 7 is... D C The outer diameter of the head gas spiral channel 23 is D g Needle nozzle D The diameter is d 1 The quantity is N 1 The diameter of the gas injection port 10 on the body is... d 2 The quantity is N 2 The inner diameter of the straight gas connection pipe 5 in the body is... d 3 The inner diameter of the head gas connection straight pipe 14 is... d 4 The diameter of the cooling gas injection channel 22 is d5 The quantity is N 3 ; in: ; like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the head gas spiral channel 23, d s Indicates the inner diameter of the helical blade installation. D s Indicates the outer diameter of the helical blade during installation. L Indicates the circumferential length of the gas spiral channel. delta Indicates blade thickness. theta Indicates the blade installation angle, and the number of blades is... n ; Number of leaves n Satisfy the following formula: ; Gas flow rate of the oxidant in the head gas spiral channel 23 for: ; in: —Gas flow rate, kg / s; —Gas flow coefficient; —Total area of the head gas spiral channel, m 2 ; —Gas temperature, K; —Gas inlet pressure, MPa; —Gas outlet pressure, MPa; —Gas constant (J / mol·K); —Specific heat ratio of gases; Total area of the head gas spiral channel for: ; To ensure that the gas injection pressure drop in the body meets the design requirements, the following is required: ; To ensure that the gas injection pressure drop at the head meets the design requirements, the following is required: ; For the needle nozzle D, the fuel liquid flow rate The calculation formula is as follows: ; in: —Fuel liquid flow rate, kg / s; - viscosity of the liquid, N / m 2 · s; - density of the liquid, kg / m 3 ; - total area of the liquid injection channel, m 2 ; - liquid injection pressure drop, MPa; - nozzle centrifugal hole diameter, m; - number of centrifugal injection holes.
[0023] Further, the material of the combustion chamber 7 and the front nozzle 8 is high-temperature alloy GH3128.
[0024] The use method of the three-group pin plug swirled torch igniter of the embodiment includes the following contents: The liquid fuel is injected into the inner cavity of the combustion chamber 7 through the pin plug swirled nozzle 20 at the pin plug injection hole D; the head gas oxidizer enters into the head gas cavity A through the head gas straight-through joint 15 and the head gas connecting straight pipe 14 in sequence, and then is divided into two gas streams, one of which forms a cooling gas film through the cooling gas injection channel 22 to protect the combustion chamber 7, and the other of which flows through the head gas spiral channel 23 to enter into the combustion chamber 7, the liquid fuel and the gas oxidizer collide, atomize, evaporate and mix in the combustion chamber 7, and burn under the ignition of the spark plug 9 to generate high-temperature gas; the body gas oxidizer enters into the body gas cavity C through the body gas straight-through joint 4 and the body gas connecting straight pipe 5 in sequence, and is injected into the inner cavity of the combustion chamber 7 through the body gas injection hole 10 to participate in the combustion, and the body gas oxidizer has the function of adjusting the gas temperature of the torch igniter; the high-temperature gas passes through the front nozzle 8 to achieve the pre-set design pressure, and then is injected into the liquid rocket engine, the gas generator or the combustion heater to ignite; The body gas pressure measuring straight pipe 11 and the body gas pressure measuring straight-through joint 12 are connected to the body gas ring pipe 6 to measure the pressure of the body gas cavity C, and the gas flow of the body gas oxidizer is controlled through the pressure of the body gas cavity C.
[0025] Further, the liquid fuel is hydrocarbon fuel; and the gas oxidizer includes oxygen and air.
[0026] Further, the hydrocarbon fuel includes alcohol and kerosene.
[0027] It should be noted that for the three groups of meta needle plug cyclone torch igniter test tests carried out at the same time, different large-scale combustion devices (including liquid rocket engines, gas generators and combustion heaters) try to select the same liquid fuel and gas oxidizer, which can reduce the supply system accessories and reduce the complexity of the supply system.
[0028] Although embodiments of the present application have been disclosed as above, it is not limited to the use listed in the specification and embodiments, and all features disclosed by the present application, or steps in all methods or processes disclosed by the present application, can be combined in any way, except for mutually exclusive features and / or steps, without departing from the principles of the present application, which is not limited to specific details and figures shown and described herein.
Claims
1. A three-element needle-bolt swirling torch igniter, characterized in that, The three-group pin-type swirling torch igniter includes a centrally symmetrical end cap (1), a mixing section (2), and a combustion chamber (7) connected from top to bottom; the end cap (1) and the mixing section (2) are sealed by a copper gasket II (16), the mixing section (2) and the combustion chamber (7) are sealed by a copper gasket I (13), and the end cap (1) and the combustion chamber (7) are tightened and fixed by a number of hexagonal stud screws (21) evenly distributed along the circumference; The upper section of the mixing section (2) is provided with a head gas chamber A; two centrally symmetrical through holes are opened along the circumference of the head gas chamber A and connected to the head gas chamber A. One through hole is closed by an arc plate (3), and the other through hole is connected to the gas oxidant through a head gas connecting straight pipe (14) and a head gas straight connector (15) connected in sequence; the lower section of the mixing section (2) is provided with several cooling gas injection channels (22) that are evenly distributed along the circumference and parallel to the central axis. The upper end of the cooling gas injection channel (22) is connected to the head gas chamber A, and the lower end of the cooling gas injection channel (22) is connected to the inner cavity of the combustion chamber (7); On the central axis of the three-element needle-bolt swirling torch igniter, a needle-bolt swirling nozzle (20) is inserted downward at the center of the end cap (1); a fuel liquid channel B is provided on the central axis of the needle-bolt swirling nozzle (20); the upper section of the needle-bolt swirling nozzle (20) is sealed to the end cap (1) by a copper gasket Ⅲ (19); the middle section of the needle-bolt swirling nozzle (20) is inserted into the head gas chamber A; the lower section of the needle-bolt swirling nozzle (20) is provided with a head gas spiral channel (23), the upper end of the head gas spiral channel (23) is connected to the head gas chamber A, and the lower end of the head gas spiral channel (23) is connected to the inner cavity of the combustion chamber (7); the lower end of the needle-bolt swirling nozzle (20) passes through the mixing section (2) and is inserted into the inner cavity of the combustion chamber (7); the lower end of the needle-bolt swirling nozzle (20) is also provided with several needle-bolt nozzle holes D evenly distributed along the circumference, and the needle-bolt nozzle holes D are connected to the inner cavity of the combustion chamber (7); The upper section of the combustion chamber (7) is fitted with a body gas ring pipe (6), and a body gas chamber C is provided inside the body gas ring pipe (6). On the wall surface of the combustion chamber (7) corresponding to the body gas chamber C, there are two sets of body gas injection holes (10) evenly distributed along the central axis. Each set of body gas injection holes (10) includes several body gas injection holes (10) evenly distributed along the circumference. The body gas ring pipe (6) is provided with two centrally symmetrical through holes. One through hole is connected by a sequentially connected body gas connection. The tube (5) and the body gas straight connector (4) are connected to the gas oxidant. Another through hole is connected to the pressure measuring pipeline through the body gas pressure measuring straight tube (11) and the body gas pressure measuring straight connector (12) connected in sequence. The middle section of the combustion chamber (7) is provided with several spark plugs (9) evenly distributed in the circumference. The number of spark plugs (9) is determined according to the flow rate of the three sets of element needle plug swirling torch igniters set in advance. The outlet of the combustion chamber (7) is fixed with a front nozzle (8), which is a shrink-type nozzle.
2. The three-element needle-bolt swirling torch igniter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The internal hexagonal stud screw (21) is also fitted with spring washers (18) and flat washers (17) stacked from top to bottom.
3. The three-element needle-bolt swirling torch igniter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner diameter of the combustion chamber (7) is D C The outer diameter of the head gas spiral channel (23) is D g Needle nozzle D The diameter is d 1 The quantity is N 1 The diameter of the gas injection port (10) on the body is d 2 The quantity is N 2 The inner diameter of the straight pipe (5) connecting the gas in the body is... d 3 The inner diameter of the head gas connection straight pipe (14) is d 4 The diameter of the cooling gas injection channel (22) is d 5 The quantity is N 3 ; in: ； Head gas spiral channel (23). d s Indicates the inner diameter of the helical blade installation. D s Indicates the outer diameter of the helical blade during installation. L Indicates the circumferential length of the gas spiral channel. δ Indicates blade thickness. θ Indicates the blade installation angle, and the number of blades is... n ; Number of leaves n Satisfy the following formula: ； Gas flow rate of the gas oxidant in the head gas spiral channel (23) for: ； in: —Gas flow rate, kg / s; —Gas flow coefficient; —Total area of the head gas spiral channel, m 2 ; —Gas temperature, K; —Gas inlet pressure, MPa; —Gas outlet pressure, MPa; —Gas constant J / (mol·K); —Specific heat ratio of gases; Total area of the head gas spiral channel for: ； To ensure that the gas injection pressure drop in the body meets the design requirements, the following is required: ； To ensure that the gas injection pressure drop at the head meets the design requirements, the following is required: ； For the needle nozzle D, the fuel liquid flow rate The calculation formula is as follows: ； in: —Fuel liquid flow rate, kg / s; —Liquid viscosity, N / m 2 ·s; —Density of the liquid, kg / m³ 3 ; —Total area of the liquid injection channel, m² 2 ; —Liquid injection pressure drop, MPa; — Nozzle centrifuge orifice diameter, in meters; —Number of centrifugal nozzles.
4. The three-element needle-bolt swirling torch igniter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The combustion chamber (7) and the front nozzle (8) are made of high-temperature alloy GH3128.
5. A method of using a three-element needle-bolt swirling torch igniter, which is used in any one of the three-element needle-bolt swirling torch igniters according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Includes the following: Liquid fuel is injected into the combustion chamber (7) through the needle-plug swirl nozzle (20) at the needle-plug nozzle (D); the gaseous oxidant at the head enters the head gas chamber A through the head gas straight connector (15) and the head gas connecting straight pipe (14), and then splits into two gas streams. One gas stream forms a cooling gas film through the cooling gas injection channel (22) to protect the combustion chamber (7), and the other gas stream flows through the head gas spiral channel (23) and swirls into the combustion chamber (7). The liquid fuel and gaseous oxidant collide, atomize, evaporate, and... The mixture is burned under the ignition action of the spark plug (9) to produce high-temperature gas; the gaseous oxidant in the body enters the body gas chamber C through the body gas straight connector (4) and the body gas connecting straight pipe (5) in sequence, and is injected into the inner cavity of the combustion chamber (7) through the body gas injection hole (10) to participate in combustion. The gaseous oxidant in the body has the function of regulating the gas temperature of the torch igniter; the high-temperature gas reaches the preset design pressure through the front nozzle (8) and is then injected into the liquid rocket engine, gas generator or combustion heater for ignition. The body gas pressure measuring straight tube (11) and the body gas pressure measuring straight connector (12) are connected to the body gas ring tube (6) to measure the pressure of the body gas chamber C, and control the gas flow rate of the body gas oxidant by the pressure of the body gas chamber C.
6. The method of using the three-element needle-bolt swirling torch igniter according to claim 5, characterized in that, The liquid fuel is a hydrocarbon fuel; the gaseous oxidant includes oxygen and air.
7. The method of using the three-element needle-bolt swirling torch igniter according to claim 6, characterized in that, The hydrocarbon fuels mentioned include alcohol and kerosene.