Adjustable shunt jet immersion cooling device of battery system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of battery thermal management, and provides an adjustable shunt jet immersion cooling device of a battery system, which comprises an integrally formed shell with a cuboid cavity with a top opening, an inlet end plate, an outlet end plate and at least one shunt pipe, and the inlet end plate, the outlet end plate and the shunt pipe are arranged in the cavity and are parallel to the horizontal extension direction of the wide surface of the shell; the inlet end plate and the outlet end plate are connected to the side plates of the shell in a pluggable manner through the drawing-inserting type connecting ports, and the cuboid cavity is sequentially divided into an inlet cavity, a battery cavity and an outlet cavity; the inlet end plate and the outlet end plate are provided with a plurality of groups of symmetrical hole site sockets; the two ends of the shunt tube are respectively and horizontally connected to the group of hole site sockets in a pluggable manner, and are communicated with the inlet chamber, the battery chamber and the outlet chamber; and a plurality of outflow components with adjustable structural parameters are arranged on the shunting pipe. The device not only keeps the advantage of efficient heat exchange of immersion liquid cooling, but also has the characteristics of flexible structure, uniform cooling and convenience in flexible replacement and maintenance.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to battery thermal management technology, in particular to an adjustable shunt jet immersion cooling device of a battery system. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the global energy structure constantly changing towards clean and low-carbon, new energy vehicles and large-scale energy storage systems are rapidly developing, which puts higher requirements on the performance of power batteries. The thermal safety, service life and working performance of the battery are directly related to the effect of the thermal management system.

[0003] Among various cooling technologies, immersion liquid cooling technology has shown significant advantages due to its direct contact between the battery and the cooling liquid, high heat transfer efficiency and uniform temperature distribution. However, most current immersion cooling solutions still have poor adaptability and high customization costs. Existing designs usually design a sealed box for a specific battery model, with fixed internal flow channels and structures. Once the battery size changes, the entire cooling system needs to be redesigned and manufactured, resulting in long development cycles and high costs, which limits the promotion and upgrading of the technology.

[0004] Currently, some enterprises and research institutions have proposed related technical solutions, but these solutions still have obvious limitations. For example, the Chinese utility model patent "Immersion battery system" with publication number CN223260662U proposes a solution that achieves cooling liquid flow by setting a fixed annular gap flow channel between the battery module and the shell, and achieves good sealing performance. Although the structure of this solution is relatively simple, the shape and size of the flow channel are fixed, which cannot adapt to different sizes of battery cells and lacks flexibility. For another example, the Chinese utility model patent "Immersion battery device" with publication number CN223260658U discloses an immersion liquid-cooled battery box that uses a fixed first chamber to contain cooling medium, ensuring structural stability. However, this design also faces the problem of poor adaptability. Once the battery model changes, the entire box structure needs to be redesigned, making it difficult to control development costs and cycles.

[0005] Currently, fine control of cooling uniformity is a major problem. The flow path and distribution of the cooling liquid in the closed box are crucial to the final cooling effect. If the flow channel is not designed reasonably, flow dead zones may occur, leading to insufficient cooling of some batteries, while other areas may have too little flow due to excessive flow resistance, making it difficult to achieve synchronous and uniform cooling of all battery cells in the module. In addition, the maintainability of the system is almost ignored. Most existing solutions are integrated welded or permanently sealed structures. If the internal flow channel is blocked or a critical component is damaged, it is extremely difficult to repair or replace, often resulting in the scrapping of the entire expensive box. SUMMARY

[0006] The technical problem solved by the present application is how to design a battery system immersion cooling device with flexible structure, uniform cooling, and convenient flexible replacement and maintenance.

[0007] The present application solves the above technical problems by the following technical means:

[0008] The present application provides an adjustable shunt jet flow immersion cooling device for a battery system, comprising: a shell with an integrally formed rectangular cavity with an open top, an inlet end plate arranged in parallel with the horizontal extension direction of the wide surface of the shell in the cavity, an outlet end plate, and at least one shunt pipe; the inlet end plate and the outlet end plate are connected to the side plate of the shell through plug-in type connection ports, and the rectangular cavity is divided into an inlet chamber, a battery chamber and an outlet chamber in turn; the inlet end plate and the outlet end plate are provided with a plurality of groups of symmetrical hole site sockets; the two ends of the shunt pipe are connected to a group of hole site sockets in a plug-in manner, and the inlet chamber, the battery chamber and the outlet chamber are communicated; the shunt pipe is provided with a plurality of outflow members with adjustable structural parameters.

[0009] Further, the device further comprises a PID controller, a liquid level meter arranged on the side plate and communicating with the battery chamber, a pressure sensor arranged at the bottom of the shell, a shunt cooling liquid inlet arranged on the wide surface outer wall of one end of the shell, and a shunt cooling liquid outlet, a frequency converter and an electric regulating valve connected in turn on the wide surface outer wall of the other end; the shunt cooling liquid inlet is always open, and based on the data measured by the liquid level meter and the pressure sensor, the opening of the electric regulating valve is driven by the frequency converter, so that the immersion liquid height is stabilized within the set range.

[0010] Preferably, the side plate is of transparent material and is provided with a plurality of visual transparent windows for observing the coverage range, backflow, stagnation area and overall flow uniformity of the directional jet flow.

[0011] Preferably, the immersion liquid used in the device comprises synthetic esters, natural esters, mineral oil, synthetic hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof.

[0012] Preferably, the pipe body shape of the shunt pipe is a circular pipe, a square pipe or a wedge-shaped pipe.

[0013] Preferably, the plurality of groups of symmetrical hole site sockets are arranged on the center line of the end plate in the vertical direction.

[0014] Preferably, the two ends of the shunt pipe are connected to symmetrical hole site sockets of different heights to realize longitudinal height adjustment of the shunt pipe.

[0015] Preferably, a plurality of plug-in type connection ports are arranged in parallel on the side plate, and the length of the battery chamber is adjusted by adjusting the position of the plug-in connection of the inlet end plate and the outlet end plate.

[0016] Further, the structural parameters include shape, aperture, spacing from each other and spray angle.

[0017] Further, the operation principle of stabilizing the immersion liquid level within a set range is:

[0018] The liquid level meter and the pressure sensor convert the measured physical quantity into an electrical signal u(t) as a feedback signal; the PID controller compares the feedback signal u(t) with the set value to generate a deviation signal e(t); the PID controller outputs a control signal u1(t) after operating on the deviation signal e(t); the frequency converter receives the control signal u1(t) and converts it into a speed regulation instruction u2(t) to drive the electric regulating valve; the electric regulating valve adjusts the outlet flow by changing the opening u3(t), and finally stabilizes the system liquid level and pressure within the set range, forming a complete automatic control loop.

[0019] The advantages of the present application are:

[0020] (1) The device of the present application significantly improves the adaptability and modularity. A set of basic chamber frame can be adapted to various types of battery cells by replacing different specifications of plug-in boards and shunt pipes, reducing the development and manufacturing difficulties caused by changes in battery specifications. The type of immersion liquid can be flexibly selected according to different application requirements, combined with the liquid level height control module, the system provides a liquid level signal through the partition / fusion estimation of the liquid level meter and the pressure sensor, and drives the opening of the electric regulating valve by the frequency converter, realizing the precise adjustment of the immersion height of the cooling liquid, thereby supporting the operation of the module under full immersion or partial immersion conditions, to adapt to different discharge rates, environmental temperatures and energy consumption constraints. This design not only improves the heat dissipation efficiency and temperature uniformity of the system, but also further improves the universality of the cooling system in multiple scenarios.

[0021] (2) The present application uses a modular adjustable shunt jet structure to realize immersion cooling of the battery module, which can direct the cooling liquid to the surface of the battery or the gap between the cells according to the operating state of the battery and the cooling demand, effectively relieving the battery temperature and improving the module temperature distribution, thereby improving the overall safety and service life of the module. The shunt pipe is connected to the chamber through a pluggable interface, and its longitudinal position can be adjusted to the bottom, middle or top of the battery. Different heights of cooling liquid spraying mode enable it to perform differential cooling for the battery current collector area, active material area or top heat accumulation area. At the same time, the shunt pipe body shape can be selected as a round pipe, a square pipe or a wedge-shaped pipe according to actual needs, and the aperture, shape, angle and spacing of the outflow member (hole, slit nozzle or micro-porous seepage wall) are adjusted, so that the device can flexibly adapt to the structure and cooling demand of different modules.

[0022] (3) The application also has advantages in maintainability and engineering application. Key components are designed to be pluggable and modular, which can be quickly replaced when damaged or need to be upgraded, reducing maintenance difficulty and cost. The transparent observation window or equivalent observation / monitoring structure can monitor the cooling liquid flow state and battery surface heat exchange in real time, providing intuitive basis for operation strategy optimization and safe operation. The modular adjustable immersed liquid cooling battery module solution proposed by the application has outstanding advantages in structural flexibility, heat dissipation performance, liquid level controllability, system safety and maintenance convenience, and can meet the needs of modern electric vehicles and energy storage systems for miniaturization, high efficiency and long-term reliability of thermal management systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an adjustable shunt jet flow immersed cooling device for a battery system according to an embodiment of the application;

[0024] Figure 2 FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an adjustable shunt jet flow immersed cooling device for a battery system according to an embodiment of the application;

[0025] Figure 3 FIG. 3 is a right view of an adjustable shunt jet flow immersed cooling device for a battery system according to an embodiment of the application;

[0026] Figure 4 FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a shunt pipe according to an embodiment of the application;

[0027] Figure 5 FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a cooling liquid level adjustment control principle according to an embodiment of the application;

[0028] Reference signs: 100, housing; 10, plug-in connection port; 11, inlet chamber; 12, lithium battery; 13, visual transparent window; 14, negative busbar; 15, positive busbar; 16, shunt cooling liquid outlet; 17, outlet chamber; 18, battery chamber; 19, shunt pipe; 20, jet hole; 21, shunt pipe inlet socket; 22, battery fixing plate; 23, shunt cooling liquid inlet; 24, shunt pipe outlet socket; 25, inlet end plate; 26, outlet end plate; 27, liquid level meter; 28, pressure sensor; 29, frequency converter; 30, electrically adjustable valve; 31, side plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be described below in detail with reference to the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the application.

[0030] The current battery thermal management field generally has the core pain points of poor system adaptability, insufficient thermal management precision, difficult maintenance, and high cost: the traditional liquid cooling system needs to be completely redesigned for different sizes of battery cells, which not only increases the development cost by more than 30%, but also causes insufficient production line flexibility due to the strong coupling of the cooling structure and the battery cell size; in terms of thermal management efficiency, immersion cooling or liquid cooling plates that rely on overall convection have obvious cooling dead zones, and the temperature difference on the surface of the battery cell generally exceeds 5℃, which is difficult to meet the demand for high-rate fast charging; and once the micro-channel of the highly integrated cooling pipeline is blocked, the entire battery pack often needs to be disassembled for maintenance, and the lack of visual monitoring means leads to a high failure prediction rate. These systematic defects essentially reflect the imbalance of the traditional scheme in the "precision-cost-flexibility" triangle. The embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below in combination with the drawings.

[0031] Embodiment 1

[0032] The present embodiment provides an adjustable shunt jet immersion cooling device for a battery system, which is characterized by: an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber are arranged on both sides of the battery module, and are separated from the battery stacking area by pluggable inlet end plates and outlet end plates. The end plates and the inlet and outlet chambers adopt a composite sealing structure, and by replacing end plates of different specifications, including end plates with different opening positions, the relative position and installation height of the shunt pipe can be changed to adapt to battery cells of different specifications and different heat dissipation requirements. The specific structure is shown in Figures 1-3 The specific structure is shown in

[0033] The shunt pipe 19 is arranged in a pluggable manner between two adjacent rows of batteries, and communicates with the inlet chamber 11 through a shunt pipe inlet socket 21 located at the inlet side, and communicates with the outlet chamber 17 through a shunt pipe outlet socket 24 located at the outlet side. The pipe body shape of the shunt pipe 19 can be selected as a circular pipe, a square pipe or a wedge-shaped pipe according to the arrangement form and cooling requirements of different modules, so as to realize comprehensive matching of the convection resistance, arrangement space and directional jet coverage. As shown in Figure 4 In the embodiment, the shunt pipe 19 is provided with an array of jet holes 20 on the pipe wall. When the cooling liquid enters the shunt pipe 19 from the inlet chamber 11, directional jets are formed through the jet holes 20, which can impact the battery surface or enter the inter-cell gap to strengthen local heat exchange and improve overall temperature uniformity.

[0034] The device further comprises a PID controller, a liquid level meter 27 arranged on the side plate 31 and communicating with the battery chamber 18, a pressure sensor 28 arranged at the bottom of the shell 100, a shunt cooling liquid inlet 23 arranged on the outer wall of one wide face of one end of the shell 100, and a shunt cooling liquid outlet 16, a frequency converter 29 and an electric regulating valve 30 arranged on the outer wall of the other wide face of the other end of the shell 100 and connected in sequence; the shunt cooling liquid inlet 23 is always open, and based on the data measured by the liquid level meter 27 and the pressure sensor 28, the opening of the electric regulating valve 30 is driven by the frequency converter 29 to make the immersion liquid height stable within the set range. As shown in Figure 5 The operating principle is as follows:

[0035] The liquid level meter 27 and the pressure sensor 28 convert the measured physical quantities into electrical signals u(t) as feedback signals; the PID controller compares the feedback signals u(t) with the set value to generate a deviation signal e(t); the PID controller outputs a control signal u1(t) after operating on the deviation signal e(t); the frequency converter 29 receives the control signal u1(t) and converts it into a speed regulation instruction u2(t) to drive the electric regulating valve 30; the electric regulating valve 30 adjusts the outlet flow by changing the opening u3(t), and finally makes the system liquid level and pressure stable within the set range, forming a complete automatic control loop. Through the above process, the immersion liquid height is accurately controlled, so that the module can operate at different immersion heights and be suitable for different thermal management scenarios. For example, full immersion is beneficial to improve insulation and temperature uniformity, and partial immersion combined with directional jets is beneficial to reduce liquid consumption and pump power, while highlighting the enhanced heat exchange of key parts.

[0036] The side plate 31 is transparent material and is provided with several visual transparent windows 13 for observing the coverage range of the directional jet, backflow, stagnant flow area and overall flow uniformity; and visually checking the cooling liquid cleanliness and suspended impurity migration, so as to optimize the aperture, spacing and jet angle of the flow member and the liquid level strategy. When maintenance or upgrade is needed, the shunt pipe 19, the inlet end plate 25 and the outlet end plate 26 can be replaced by plug-in without changing the box and the chamber body, reducing downtime and maintenance cost. The modular coupling idea of "structure-parameter-working condition" is conducive to keeping the thermal management system small, efficient and sustainable and maintainable under different battery specifications, different environments and load conditions.

[0037] The immersion liquid used in the device includes synthetic esters, natural esters, mineral oils, synthetic hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof.

[0038] The several groups of symmetrical hole position sockets are arranged in the vertical direction on the center line of the end plate.

[0039] The two ends of the shunt pipe 19 are respectively connected with symmetrical hole position sockets of different heights to realize longitudinal height adjustment of the shunt pipe 19. The jet action plane can be optionally located at any vertical position of the battery to adapt to different hot spot distributions, such as the tab area, the current collector area or the upper heat accumulation area.

[0040] Several groups of plug-in connection ports 10 are arranged in parallel on the side plate 31, and the length of the battery chamber 18 is adjusted by adjusting the position of the plug-in connection of the inlet end plate 25 and the outlet end plate 26.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] The difference between this embodiment and example 1 is that different specifications of the inlet end plate 25 and the outlet end plate 26 are replaced in this embodiment. The different specifications refer to that the opening mode on the inlet end plate 25 and the outlet end plate 26 is changed from linear arrangement to array arrangement, which can realize longitudinal height adjustment of the shunt pipe 19, and can also set multiple parallel shunt pipes under the condition of space allowing to meet the specific or high strength heat dissipation requirements of the battery system under special circumstances.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] The difference between this embodiment and example 1 is that different shapes of the shunt pipe 19 are replaced in this embodiment. The different shapes refer to that the shunt pipe 19 is replaced by a circular pipe, a square pipe, a wedge-shaped pipe, etc., which can realize comprehensive optimal thermal management of the convection resistance, coverage and local impact heat exchange intensity without changing the box.

[0045] Example 4

[0046] The difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the present embodiment replaces the shunt pipe 19 with different specifications, i.e., the outflow member arranged on the shunt pipe 19 is respectively a jet hole, a slit jet port and a micro-porous seepage wall structure or other equivalent structures, and the cooling liquid forms a directional jet or seepage through the outflow member to impact the battery surface or enter the inter-cell gap. The aperture, shape, position and jet angle of the outflow member can be adjusted according to the cooling requirements to achieve local hotspot cooling or overall temperature difference balancing.

[0047] Embodiment 5

[0048] The difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the present embodiment inserts the inlet end plate 25 and the outlet end plate 26 into the pull-in and pull-out connection port 10 closer to the center of the device to reduce the length of the battery chamber 18. Conversely, the length of the battery chamber 18 can be enlarged. Through the above operation, the end plates can be quickly replaced without disassembling the box body, and the adaptation of different thickness and different spacing of the battery cells is realized.

[0049] Embodiment 6

[0050] The present embodiment is based on the device structure described in embodiment 1. When the shunt pipe 19 needs to be replaced with different specifications to adapt to the thermal management requirements or the shunt pipe 19 needs to be replaced due to structural damage, only the upper cover needs to be opened, and the inlet end plate 25 and the outlet end plate 26, together with the shunt pipe 19 inserted therebetween, are pulled out, and the replacement operation of the shunt pipe 19 is completed, supporting quick replacement and structural parameter adjustment under the condition of not completely disassembling the battery pack.

[0051] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not limit it; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement for part of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. An adjustable split jet immersion cooling apparatus for a battery system, comprising: The application relates to a shell (100) integrally formed with a rectangular cavity with a top opening, an inlet end plate (25) arranged in the cavity and parallel to the horizontal extension direction of the wide surface of the shell (100), an outlet end plate (26) and at least one shunt pipe (19); the inlet end plate (25) and the outlet end plate (26) are plug-in connected to the side plate (31) of the shell (100) through plug-in connection ports (10), and the rectangular cavity is sequentially divided into an inlet chamber (11), a battery chamber (18) and an outlet chamber (17); a plurality of groups of symmetrical hole site sockets are arranged on the inlet end plate (25) and the outlet end plate (26); the two ends of the shunt pipe (19) are plug-in horizontally connected to a group of hole site sockets, and the inlet chamber (11), the battery chamber (18) and the outlet chamber (17) are communicated; a plurality of structure parameter adjustable outflow components are arranged on the shunt pipe (19). The application further comprises a PID controller, a liquid level meter (27) arranged on the side plate (31) and communicated with the battery chamber (18), a pressure sensor (28) arranged on the bottom of the shell (100), a shunt cooling liquid inlet (23) arranged on the wide surface outer wall of one end of the shell (100), a shunt cooling liquid outlet (16) arranged on the wide surface outer wall of the other end of the shell (100) and sequentially connected, a frequency converter (29) and an electric regulating valve (30); the shunt cooling liquid inlet (23) is always open, and based on the data measured by the liquid level meter (27) and the pressure sensor (28), the opening degree of the electric regulating valve (30) is driven by the frequency converter (29), so that the immersion liquid height is stably kept in a set range.

2. An adjustable shunt-jet immersion cooling device for a battery system according to claim 1, wherein, The side plate (31) is made of transparent material and is provided with a plurality of visual transparent windows (13) for observing the coverage range, reflux, stagnation area and overall flow uniformity of the directional jet flow.

3. An adjustable shunt-jet immersion cooling device for a battery system according to claim 1, wherein, The immersion liquid used in the device comprises synthetic esters, natural esters, mineral oil, synthetic hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof.

4. An adjustable shunt-jet immersion cooling apparatus for a battery system according to claim 1, wherein, The pipe body shape of the shunt pipe (19) is a circular pipe, a square pipe or a wedge-shaped pipe.

5. An adjustable shunt-jet immersion cooling device for a battery system according to claim 1, wherein, The plurality of groups of symmetrical hole site sockets are arranged on the center line of the end plate in the vertical direction.

6. An adjustable shunt-jet immersion cooling apparatus for a battery system according to claim 1, wherein, The two ends of the shunt pipe (19) are respectively connected to symmetrical hole site sockets with different heights to realize longitudinal height adjustment of the shunt pipe (19).

7. An adjustable shunt-jet immersion cooling apparatus for a battery system according to claim 6, wherein, A plurality of groups of plug-in connection ports (10) are arranged on the side plate (31) in parallel, and the length of the battery chamber (18) is adjusted by adjusting the plug-in position of the inlet end plate (25) and the outlet end plate (26).

8. An adjustable shunt-jet immersion cooling apparatus for a battery system according to claim 1, wherein, The outflow component comprises a jet flow hole, a slit jet port and a micro-porous seepage wall structure; and the parameters comprise shape, hole diameter, mutual spacing and jet angle.

9. An adjustable shunt-jet immersion cooling apparatus for a battery system according to claim 1, wherein, The operation principle of stably keeping the immersion liquid height in a set range is that 10. An adjustable shunt-jet immersion cooling apparatus for a battery system according to claim 2, wherein, ​ The liquid level meter (27) and the pressure sensor (28) convert the measured physical quantity into an electrical signal u(t) as a feedback signal; the PID controller compares the feedback signal u(t) with the set value to generate an error signal e(t); the PID controller outputs a control signal u1(t) after operating on the error signal e(t); the frequency converter (29) receives the control signal u1(t) and converts it into a speed regulation instruction u2(t) to drive the electric regulating valve (30); the electric regulating valve (30) adjusts the outlet flow by changing the opening u3(t), and finally stabilizes the system liquid level and pressure in the set range, forming a complete automatic control loop.

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