Efficient breeding method suitable for trachinotus ovatus

Abstract

The invention provides an efficient breeding method suitable for trachinotus ovatus, which comprises the following steps: after 8-10cm fries are bred in circulating water, transferring the fries to a deepwater net cage for breeding. In the breeding process, artificial feed containing fish meal, alginic acid, astaxanthin microcapsules and other components in different proportions is accurately fed in the larva fish stage, the juvenile fish stage and the juvenile fish stage, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to the growth stage. Meanwhile, water quality indexes such as salinity and ammonia nitrogen of the breeding environment are controlled, and acousto-optic domestication of 800-1200 Hz sound waves and 470 nm blue LED light is conducted regularly every day. According to the method, fry pretreatment, precise nutrition supply and environment regulation and control are combined, the survival rate and growth speed of the trachinotus ovatus are effectively increased, the feed coefficient is reduced, the meat quality is improved, diseases are reduced, and an innovative scheme is provided for large-scale efficient breeding of the trachinotus ovatus.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a high-efficiency breeding method suitable for gold pompano. BACKGROUND

[0002] Gold pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) is an important marine economic fish in the coastal areas of southern China. Trachinotus ovatus Due to its fast growth, delicious meat, and rich nutrition, it is deeply loved by consumers and the market demand is increasing year by year. Currently, gold pompano breeding mainly adopts the traditional net cage breeding mode, directly releasing fry into the sea, lacking of fine fry cultivation and management process, resulting in low survival rate and slow growth rate of fry. At the same time, the traditional breeding lacks targeted feed feeding, and the formula is not adjusted according to the nutritional needs of gold pompano at different growth stages, resulting in problems such as feed waste, water pollution, high breeding cost, and uneven fish quality, which is difficult to meet the demand of high-end market. In addition, gold pompano breeding process is faced with frequent disease challenges such as white spot disease and bacterial septicemia, and the traditional breeding method lacks effective prevention and comprehensive management measures, and once the disease occurs, it is easy to cause large-scale death. At the same time, the single means of environmental regulation is difficult to cope with the influence of natural environmental changes (such as water temperature and salinity fluctuations) on fish growth and health. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a high-efficiency breeding method covering fry cultivation, precise feeding, environmental regulation and disease prevention and control, so as to improve the survival rate, growth performance, meat quality and economic benefit of gold pompano breeding, and promote the sustainable development of gold pompano breeding industry. SUMMARY

[0003] Therefore, the present application provides a high-efficiency breeding method suitable for gold pompano to solve the above problems.

[0004] The technical scheme of the present application is as follows: a high-efficiency breeding method suitable for gold pompano, comprising the following steps: S1. Cultivating gold pompano fry in a recirculating aquaculture environment to a body length of 8-10 cm; S2. Transferring the fry to a deep water anti-wave net cage for breeding, with a breeding density of 25-35 tails / m³; S3. Precise feeding in stages: (a) Larval stage (1-30 days old): feeding 4-6 times a day with artificial compound feed I, with a daily feeding amount of 8-15% of the total weight of the fish; (b) Juvenile stage (31-60 days old): feeding 3-5 times a day with artificial compound feed II, with a daily feeding amount of 15-20% of the total weight of the fish; (c) Juvenile stage (after 61 days old): feeding 2-3 times a day with artificial compound feed III, with a daily feeding amount of 18-22% of the total weight of the fish; S4. Water quality regulation and intermittent sound and light acclimation.

[0005] Further, the water body salinity in the step S1 is controlled to be 22-25‰, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is maintained to be ≤0.1 mg / L.

[0006] Further, the fry of the goldfish in the step S1 is specifically selected to be 2-4 cm in length, strong in vitality and without damage on the body surface, and the fry is first soaked in a solution composed of probiotics and an immune enhancer at 25-28℃ for 15-30 min for pretreatment, the probiotics are Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1-3, the immune enhancer is astragalus polysaccharide, and the solution concentration is 1×10 6 -1×10 7 CFU / mL of the probiotics and 0.1-0.3 g / L of the astragalus polysaccharide.

[0007] Further, the net cage in the step S2 is (6-10) m×(6-10) m×(5-8) m, is arranged at a water depth of 12-20 m, and is selected to be arranged in a sea area which is wind-protected and has a water flow rate of 0.3-1.2 m / s.

[0008] Further, the artificial compound feed I for the fry stage in the step S3 comprises 40-50 parts of fish meal, 10-15 parts of fish oil, 20-30 parts of alginic acid and 10-15 parts of a vitamin and mineral premix.

[0009] Further, the artificial compound feed II in the step S3 comprises 30-40 parts of fish meal, 15-20 parts of fish oil, 25-35 parts of alginic acid, 10-15 parts of a vitamin and mineral premix, 5-10 parts of fermented soybean meal and 5-10 parts of astaxanthin microcapsules.

[0010] Further, the artificial compound feed III in the step S3 comprises 25-35 parts of high-quality fish meal, 20-25 parts of fish oil, 30-40 parts of alginic acid, 10-15 parts of a vitamin and mineral premix, 5-10 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5-10 parts of astaxanthin microcapsules, 0.5-1.5 parts of yeast β-glucan and 0.1-0.3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, and the number of viable bacteria of the Bacillus subtilis is 1×10 6 -1×10 7 CFU / g.

[0011] Further, the vitamin and mineral premix is mixed at a mass ratio of 1-3:1, the vitamin is any one of vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12 12, folic acid and biotin, and the mineral is any one of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, iodine and selenium.

[0012] Further, the astaxanthin microcapsules are prepared by using gelatin-arabic gum complex coagulation method, the average particle size of the microcapsules is 10-50 microns, the embedding rate is greater than or equal to 90%, and the astaxanthin content is 5-10%.

[0013] Further, the water quality regulation has a salinity of 18-32 ‰, ammonia nitrogen less than 0.3 mg / L, dissolved oxygen 4-8 mg / L, and pH value 7.5-8.5, and the intermittent sound and light acclimation is performed at 8 o'clock in the morning and 4 o'clock in the afternoon each day, and the sound wave stimulation with a frequency of 800-1200 Hz is performed for 10-20 minutes each time, and a blue LED light with a wavelength of 470 nm is synchronously turned on.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: The present application can improve the survival rate of fry to more than 90% by using circulating water to cultivate fry and pre-treating the fry with probiotics and astragalus polysaccharide, and precisely controlling the salinity and ammonia nitrogen concentration of the water body; the growth speed of the golden pompano is increased by 15-20% and the breeding cycle is shortened by 10-15 days by feeding the fry with feed containing fish meal, alginic acid, astaxanthin microcapsules and other components in stages and combining with intermittent sound and light acclimation; the addition of functional components in the feed can reduce the fat content of the muscle, increase the protein proportion, improve the color and taste of the fish meat, and improve the commodity value; at the same time, the optimized feed formula and precise feeding can reduce the feed conversion ratio by 15-20%, and the environmental impact is reduced by combining deep water net cages and water quality regulation, thereby reducing the breeding cost and significantly improving the economic benefit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] In order to better understand the technical content of the present application, the following specific examples are provided to further illustrate the present application.

[0016] The experimental methods used in the embodiments of the present application are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0017] The materials, reagents, etc. used in the embodiments of the present application can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0018] Embodiment 1 (1) Fry cultivation Select fish fry with a body length of 2 cm, strong vitality and no damage on the body surface, and pre-treat the fish fry by immersing them in a solution composed of probiotics and immune enhancers at 25 DEG C for 15 min, the probiotics are a mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium in a mass ratio of 1:1, the immune enhancer is astragalus polysaccharide, and the concentration of the solution is 1 x 10 6 CFU / mL of the probiotics and 0.1 g / L of the astragalus polysaccharide; Then, the golden pompano fry is cultivated in a circulating water breeding environment to a body length of 8 cm, and the salinity of the water body is controlled to be 22 ‰, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is maintained to be less than or equal to 0.1 mg / L; (2) Net cage culture The transfer net cage is 6m x 6m x 5m in size and is set at a water depth of 12m. The sea area is selected to be wind-protected and the water flow rate is 0.3m / s; (3) Feeding in stages (a) Larval stage (1-30 days old): artificial compound feed I is fed 4 times a day, and the daily feeding amount is 8% of the total weight of the fish; artificial compound feed I contains fish meal 40 parts, fish oil 10 parts, alginic acid 20 parts, and vitamin and mineral premix 10 parts; (b) Juvenile stage (31-60 days old): artificial compound feed II is fed 3 times a day, and the daily feeding amount is 15% of the total weight of the fish; artificial compound feed II contains fish meal 30 parts, fish oil 15 parts, alginic acid 25 parts, vitamin and mineral premix 10 parts, fermented soybean meal 5 parts, astaxanthin microcapsules 5 parts; (c) Juvenile stage (after 61 days old): artificial compound feed III is fed 2 times a day, and the daily feeding amount is 18% of the total weight of the fish; artificial compound feed III contains high-quality fish meal 25 parts, fish oil 20 parts, alginic acid 30 parts, vitamin and mineral premix 10 parts, fermented soybean meal 5 parts, astaxanthin microcapsules 5 parts, yeast beta-glucan 0.5 parts, and bacillus subtilis 0.1 parts, wherein the viable count of the bacillus subtilis is 1 x 10 6 CFU / g; The vitamin and mineral premix is mixed according to a mass ratio of 1:1 to form a vitamin A and calcium mixture. The astaxanthin microcapsules are prepared by a gelatin-arabic gum complex coacervation method, have an average particle size of 10μm, an embedding rate of ≥90%, and an astaxanthin content of 5% (4) Water quality regulation and acclimation The water quality regulation is performed at a salinity of 18‰, an ammonia nitrogen concentration of less than 0.3mg / L, a dissolved oxygen concentration of 4mg / L, and a pH value of 7.5. Sound wave stimulation is performed at a frequency of 800Hz for 10 minutes each time at 8am and 4pm every day, and a blue LED light with a wavelength of 470nm is turned on synchronously.

[0019] Example 2 (1) Fry cultivation Fry with a body length of 4cm, strong vitality, and no damage to the body surface are selected for pretreatment, soaked in a solution composed of probiotics and an immune enhancer at 28℃ for 30min, the probiotics are a mixture of lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacterium in a mass ratio of 1:3, and the immune enhancer is astragalus polysaccharide, the concentration of the solution is 1 x 10 7 CFU / mL of the total amount of probiotics and 0.3g / L of astragalus polysaccharide; The gold pompano fry is then cultivated in a recirculating water culture environment to a body length of 10cm, and the water salinity is controlled to be 25‰ and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is maintained to be ≤0.1mg / L; (2) Net cage culture The transfer net cage has a specification of 10 m x 10 m x 8 m, is arranged at a water depth of 20 m, and is selected to be in a sea area that is wind-protected and has a water flow rate of 1.2 m / s; (3) Feeding in stages (a) Larval stage (1-30 days old): artificial feed I is fed 6 times a day, and the daily feeding amount is 15% of the total weight of the fish; the artificial feed I comprises fish meal 50 parts, fish oil 15 parts, alginic acid 30 parts, and vitamin and mineral premix 15 parts; (b) Juvenile stage (31-60 days old): artificial feed II is fed 5 times a day, and the daily feeding amount is 20% of the total weight of the fish; the artificial feed II comprises fish meal 40 parts, fish oil 20 parts, alginic acid 35 parts, vitamin and mineral premix 15 parts, fermented soybean meal 10 parts, and astaxanthin microcapsule 10 parts; (c) Juvenile stage (after 61 days old): artificial feed III is fed 3 times a day, and the daily feeding amount is 22% of the total weight of the fish; the artificial feed III comprises high-quality fish meal 35 parts, fish oil 25 parts, alginic acid 40 parts, vitamin and mineral premix 15 parts, fermented soybean meal 10 parts, astaxanthin microcapsule 10 parts, yeast beta-glucan 1.5 parts, and Bacillus subtilis 0.3 parts, wherein the number of viable bacteria of the Bacillus subtilis is 1 x 10 7 CFU / g; The vitamin and mineral premix is mixed according to a mass ratio of 3:1 to form a vitamin A and calcium mixture. The astaxanthin microcapsule is prepared by using a gelatin-arabic gum complex coacervation method, has an average particle size of 50 μm, a packaging rate of ≥90%, and an astaxanthin content of 10% (4) Water quality regulation and domestication The water quality regulation has a salinity of 32‰, an ammonia nitrogen lower than 0.3 mg / L, a dissolved oxygen of 8 mg / L, and a pH value of 8.5; sound wave stimulation is performed at 8 am and 4 pm every day, each time for 20 minutes, at a frequency of 1200 Hz; and a blue LED light with a wavelength of 470 nm is synchronously turned on.

[0020] Example 3 (1) Cultivation of fry Fry with a body length of 3 cm, strong vitality, and no damage on the body surface are selected, pre-treated, and soaked in a solution composed of probiotics and an immune enhancer at 27℃ for 20 min; the probiotics are a mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium according to a mass ratio of 1:2, and the immune enhancer is astragalus polysaccharide; the concentration of the solution is 5 x 10 6 CFU / mL of the probiotics and 0.2 g / L of the astragalus polysaccharide; Then, the pompano fry is cultivated to a body length of 9 cm in a recirculating water culture environment, and the water salinity is controlled to be 24‰, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is maintained to be ≤0.1 mg / L; (2) Net cage culture The transfer net cage has a size of 8 m x 8 m x 6 m, is arranged at a water depth of 18 m, and is selected to be in a sea area with wind avoidance and a water flow rate of 0.8 m / s; (3) Stage feeding (a) Larval stage (1-30 days old): artificial compound feed I is fed 5 times a day, and the daily feeding amount is 12% of the total weight of the fish; the artificial compound feed I comprises fish meal 45 parts, fish oil 12 parts, alginic acid 25 parts, and vitamin and mineral premix 12 parts; (b) Juvenile stage (31-60 days old): artificial compound feed II is fed 3-5 times a day, and the daily feeding amount is 18% of the total weight of the fish; the artificial compound feed II comprises fish meal 35 parts, fish oil 18 parts, alginic acid 30 parts, vitamin and mineral premix 12 parts, fermented soybean meal 8 parts, and astaxanthin microcapsule 8 parts; (c) Juvenile stage (after 61 days old): artificial compound feed III is fed 3 times a day, and the daily feeding amount is 20% of the total weight of the fish; the artificial compound feed III comprises high-quality fish meal 30 parts, fish oil 22 parts, alginic acid 35 parts, vitamin and mineral premix 12 parts, fermented soybean meal 8 parts, astaxanthin microcapsule 8 parts, yeast beta-glucan 1 part, and bacillus subtilis 0.2 parts, wherein the number of viable bacillus subtilis is 5 x 10 6 CFU / g; The vitamin and mineral premix is mixed according to a mass ratio of 2:1 to form a vitamin A and calcium mixture. The astaxanthin microcapsule is prepared by a gelatin-arabic gum complex coacervation method, has an average particle size of 30 μm, a packaging rate of 90% or more, and an astaxanthin content of 8% (4) Water quality regulation and domestication The water quality regulation has a salinity of 25‰, ammonia nitrogen less than 0.3 mg / L, dissolved oxygen 6 mg / L, and pH value 8.0; sound wave stimulation is performed at 8 am and 4 pm every day, each time for 15 minutes at a frequency of 1000 Hz; and a blue LED light with a wavelength of 470 nm is turned on synchronously.

[0021] Comparative Example 1 The difference between the present comparative example and Example 3 is that the soaking treatment of the fry pretreatment is cancelled.

[0022] Comparative Example 2 The difference between the present comparative example and Example 3 is that there is no astaxanthin microcapsule.

[0023] Comparative Example 3 The difference between the present comparative example and Example 3 is that the stage feeding is not performed, and the artificial compound feed II is uniformly fed in one stage, and the daily feeding amount is 18% of the total weight of the fish; the artificial compound feed II comprises fish meal 35 parts, fish oil 18 parts, alginic acid 30 parts, vitamin and mineral premix 12 parts, fermented soybean meal 8 parts, and astaxanthin microcapsule 8 parts.

[0024] Comparative Example 4 The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that the sound and light acclimation of step S4 is cancelled, and only conventional water quality monitoring is performed.

[0025] Test Results I. Survival Rate Test Method 1. Statistical Period and Grouping Period: from the release of seedlings to the end of cultivation.

[0026] Grouping: 3 repeated net cages are set for each treatment group, and 200 fish fry are randomly labeled for each cage.

[0027] 2. Data Collection Daily Record: The number of dead individuals in each cage is recorded, and the dead fish are weighed.

[0028] Survival Rate Calculation: Survival rate (%) = number of surviving individuals at the end / number of individuals released at the beginning x 100% Results Data

[0029] The efficient goldfish breeding method described in this patent exhibits significant advantages in survival rate, growth rate, and feed utilization efficiency. Among them, the survival rates of Examples 1-3 are all over 92%, which is an increase of more than 7% compared to Comparative Example 1 (85.0%); the cultivation period is shortened to 180-184 days, which is 6-15 days shorter than Comparative Examples 2-4; the average weight reaches 689-704g, which is an increase of 8.8%-11.7% in weight gain compared to the control group, and the feed coefficient is as low as 1.25-1.29, which is 11.5%-14.5% lower than the comparative examples. Data prove that the synergistic application of core technologies such as recirculating water breeding, precise feeding in stages, and sound and light acclimation can effectively improve the efficiency of goldfish breeding and reduce the cost of breeding, II. Muscle Protein Content Determination Standard Method: GB5009.5-2016 "National Food Safety Standard Determination of Protein in Food" III. Muscle Fat Content Determination Standard Method: GB5009.6-2016 "National Food Safety Standard Determination of Fat in Food" IV. Disease Resistance (Morbidity) Evaluation Method Standard Basis: OIE "Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals" 1. Monitoring Period: Weekly full population examination (sampling rate ≥ 20%) during the juvenile period 2. Diagnosis Standard:

[0030] 3. Morbidity Calculation Morbidity (%) = Morbidity tail number / Total observation tail number x 100% Result data:

[0031] The analysis of the meat quality and disease resistance data of Example 3 and each comparative example shows that the breeding method can significantly improve the meat quality and disease resistance of golden pompano. The muscle protein content of Example 3 is 19.8%, which is increased by 7% compared with Comparative Example 1, and the fat content is as low as 7.8%, which is more in line with the standard of high-quality aquatic products; in disease prevention and control, the incidence of white spot disease and bacterial septicemia of Example 3 is controlled at 1.8% and 0.5% respectively, which is significantly lower than that of Comparative Example 1 (8.0%, 3.2%). Therefore, the comprehensive use of fish fry pretreatment, staged precise feeding of astaxanthin microcapsules and sound-light acclimation and other technologies not only helps to optimize the muscle nutrient composition of golden pompano, but also effectively reduces the incidence of common diseases, providing a scientific and feasible technical solution for the healthy and efficient breeding of golden pompano.

[0032] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for efficient farming of golden pompano, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1, cultivating the Trachinotus blochii fry to a body length of 8-10 cm in a circulating water culture environment; S2, transferring the fry to a deep water wind and wave resistant net cage culture, and the culture density is 25-35 tails / m³; S3, precisely feeding in stages: (a) fry stage: feeding the artificial compound feed I 4-6 times per day, and the daily feeding amount is 8-15% of the total weight of the fish; (b) juvenile stage: feeding the artificial compound feed II 3-5 times per day, and the daily feeding amount is 15-20% of the total weight of the fish; (c) young fish stage: feeding the artificial compound feed III 2-3 times per day, and the daily feeding amount is 18-22% of the total weight of the fish; S4, water quality regulation and intermittent sound and light acclimation.

2. A high efficiency breeding method suitable for goldfish as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The water body salinity in the circulating water culture environment in step S1 is controlled to be 22-25‰, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration is maintained to be ≤0.1 mg / L.

3. A method for high efficiency farming of Eleutheronema tetradactylum as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The step S1 is specifically selecting the fish fry with the body length of 2-4 cm, strong vitality and no damage on the body surface, and then immersing the fish fry in a solution composed of probiotics and an immune enhancer at 25-28 DEG C for 15-30 min for pretreatment, the probiotics are Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1-3, the immune enhancer is astragalus polysaccharide, and the solution concentration is 1x10 6 -1x10 7 CFU / mL of the total amount of probiotics, 0.1-0.3 g / L of astragalus polysaccharide.

4. A method for high efficiency farming of Eleutheronema tetradactylum as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The net cage in step S2 has a specification of (6-10) m x (6-10) m x (5-8) m, is arranged at a water depth of 12-20 m, and is selected to be in a sea area with wind avoidance and a water flow speed of 0.3-1.2 m / s.

5. A method for high efficiency farming of Eleutheronema tetradactylum as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The artificial compound feed I in the fry stage in step S3 comprises fish meal 40-50 parts, fish oil 10-15 parts, brown alginic acid 20-30 parts, and vitamin and mineral premix 10-15 parts.

6. A method for high efficiency farming of Eleutheronema tetradactylum as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The artificial compound feed II in step S3 comprises fish meal 30-40 parts, fish oil 15-20 parts, brown alginic acid 25-35 parts, vitamin and mineral premix 10-15 parts, fermented soybean meal 5-10 parts, and astaxanthin microcapsule 5-10 parts.

7. A method for high efficiency farming of Eleutheronema tetradactylum as claimed in claim 1, wherein: The artificial mixed feed III of step S3 comprises high-quality fish meal 25-35 parts, fish oil 20-25 parts, alginic acid 30-40 parts, vitamin and mineral premix 10-15 parts, fermented soybean meal 5-10 parts, astaxanthin microcapsule 5-10 parts, yeast β-glucan 0.5-1.5 parts, Bacillus subtilis 0.1-0.3 parts, the viable count of the Bacillus subtilis being 1×10 6 -1×10 7 CFU / g.

8. A high efficiency breeding method suitable for goldfish as claimed in claim 5 or 6 or 7 wherein: The vitamin and mineral premix is mixed in a mass ratio of 1-3:1, the vitamin is any one of vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12 12, nicotinic acid, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, biotin, the mineral is any one of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, iodine, selenium.

9. A high efficiency breeding method for goldfish as claimed in claim 6 or 7, wherein: The astaxanthin microcapsule is prepared by using a gelatin-arabic gum complex coagulation method, has an average particle size of 10-50 μm, an embedding rate of ≥90%, and an astaxanthin content of 5-10%.

10. A method for high efficiency farming of Eleutheronema tetradactylum according to claim 1, wherein: The water quality regulation in step S4 has a salinity of 18-32‰, an ammonia nitrogen lower than 0.3 mg / L, a dissolved oxygen of 4-8 mg / L, and a pH value of 7.5-8.5, and the intermittent sound and light acclimation is sound wave stimulation with a frequency of 800-1200 Hz for 10-20 minutes each time at 8 o'clock in the morning and 4 o'clock in the afternoon every day, and a blue LED light with a wavelength of 470 nm is synchronously turned on.

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