High-strength porous water-storing exhaust gas treatment matrix material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to waste gas treatment technical field, specifically, it is a kind of high-strength porous water storage type waste gas treatment matrix material and its preparation method.The present application relates to waste gas treatment technical field, specifically, it is a kind of high-strength porous water storage type waste gas treatment matrix material and its preparation method.The present application relates to waste gas treatment technical field, specifically, it is a kind of high-strength porous water storage type waste gas treatment matrix material and its preparation method.The present application relates to waste gas treatment technical field, specifically, it is a kind of high-strength porous water storage type waste gas treatment matrix material and its preparation method.The present application relates to waste gas treatment technical field, specifically, it is a kind of high-strength porous water storage type waste gas treatment matrix material and its preparation method.The present application relates to waste gas treatment technical field, specifically, it is a kind of high-strength porous water storage type waste gas treatment matrix material and its preparation method.The present application relates to waste gas treatment technical field, specifically, it is a kind of high-strength porous water storage type waste gas treatment matrix material and its preparation method.The present application relates to waste gas treatment technical field, specifically, it is a kind of high-strength porous water storage type waste gas treatment matrix material and its preparation method.The present application relates to waste gas treatment technical field, specifically, it is a kind of high-strength porous water storage type waste gas treatment matrix material and its preparation method.The present application relates to waste gas treatment technical field, specifically, it is a kind of high-strength porous water storage type waste gas treatment matrix material and its preparation method.The present application relates to waste gas treatment technical field, specifically, it is a kind of high-strength porous water storage type waste gas treatment matrix material and its preparation method.The present application relates to waste gas treatment technical field, specifically, it is a kind of high-strength porous water storage type waste gas treatment matrix material and its preparation method.The present application relates to waste gas treatment technical field, specifically, it is a kind of high-strength porous water storage type waste gas treatment matrix material and its preparation method.The present application relates to waste gas treatment technical field, specifically, it is a kind of high-strength porous water storage type waste gas treatment matrix material and its preparation method.The present application relates to waste gas treatment technical field, specifically

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of waste gas treatment, in particular to a high-strength porous water-storing waste gas treatment matrix material and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, in the field of waste gas treatment, adsorption method is widely used due to its high efficiency, but traditional adsorption materials such as activated carbon need to be replaced after adsorption saturation, have high operation cost and produce hazardous waste; in order to overcome these defects, adsorption and biodegradation are combined, among which, the high-strength porous matrix material with microbial carrier and water storage function is beneficial to provide stable attachment points and humid growth environment for microbial community, thereby promoting the continuous degradation of pollutants to realize in-situ recovery of adsorption capacity and improve the long-term operation stability and economy of the treatment system.

[0003] However, in the prior art, the adsorbent such as activated carbon or bamboo charcoal is simply compounded with biological filler by physical mixing method, which has certain synergistic purification effect, but in terms of structural strength and continuous moisture retention capacity of the matrix material, due to the deficiencies of existing materials in pore structure and water holding performance, it is difficult to maintain stable microbial activity and pollutant mass transfer efficiency in long-term operation. Not only reduces the synergistic efficiency of adsorption-biodegradation, causes the compaction of filler layer and the rise of resistance, but also affects the rapid proliferation and metabolic function of microbial community, reduces the buffer capacity of the system to respond to impact load, and the filler still needs to be replaced or regenerated offline, thereby reducing the comprehensive performance and engineering applicability of the high-strength porous water-storing waste gas treatment matrix material.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a high-strength porous water-storing waste gas treatment matrix material and a preparation method thereof. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a high-strength porous water-storing waste gas treatment matrix material and a preparation method thereof to solve the problems raised in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides a high-strength porous water-storing waste gas treatment matrix material, which comprises the following raw materials:

[0007] Activated carbon accounts for 5-30wt%; zeolite accounts for 2-25wt%; silicon dioxide accounts for 40-75wt%; calcium sulfate dihydrate accounts for 1-15wt%; calcium oxide accounts for 5-30wt%; aluminum powder accounts for 0.01-0.15wt%; deionized water accounts for 0.2-1wt%;

[0008] Among them, the calcium oxide reacts with water to generate calcium hydroxide and release heat, and the reaction formula is: ; at the same time, the aluminum powder reacts with calcium hydroxide to produce hydrogen gas under alkaline conditions, forming a uniformly distributed microporous structure, and the reaction formula is: ; the calcium sulfate dihydrate is dehydrated into calcium sulfate hemihydrate or anhydrous calcium sulfate under high-temperature and high-pressure curing conditions, and is interwoven with the generated calcium hydroxide and silicon dioxide to form a high-strength skeleton network; the activated carbon and zeolite are embedded in the skeleton network to form a three-dimensional matrix with high porosity, excellent water holding capacity and mechanical strength; the material has good structural stability and sustained water release characteristics while maintaining low density, providing a stable adhesion interface and humid growth environment for microbial communities.

[0009] In addition, the activated carbon and zeolite are compounded and synergized, which is beneficial to improve the adsorption capacity and mass transfer efficiency of the material for volatile organic compounds; mainly because the activated carbon provides a developed microporous structure for efficient capture of pollutants, and the zeolite selectively adsorbs polar molecules through ion exchange, and the two form complementary adsorption sites in the skeleton network; the synergistic effect of physical adsorption and ion exchange is generated to form an efficient pollutant enrichment-conversion interface.

[0010] Preferably, the raw materials include the following mass percentages:

[0011] The activated carbon accounts for 10-15wt%; the zeolite accounts for 6-12wt%; the silicon dioxide accounts for 55-65wt%; the calcium sulfate dihydrate accounts for 2-7wt%; the calcium oxide accounts for 10-20wt%; and the aluminum powder accounts for 0.04-0.9wt%.

[0012] Secondly, the application provides a preparation method of a high-strength porous water storage type waste gas treatment matrix material, including the following steps:

[0013] S1, raw material pretreatment: first, the activated carbon is activated, then the zeolite is modified, and then the activated activated carbon, the modified zeolite, the silicon dioxide, the calcium sulfate dihydrate, the calcium oxide and the aluminum powder are respectively dried and crushed to obtain fine powder with a water content of less than 1% and a particle size of 45-75μm;

[0014] S2, mixing stirring and gas evolution reaction: the fine powder is put into a high-speed stirrer, dry mixed at a speed of 300-500 r / min for 10-15 min to obtain a uniform dry mixture, then under the condition of maintaining the stirring speed at 600-800 r / min, deionized water is added at a rate of 5-8 mL / min by a constant flow pump, after the addition is completed, the stirring speed is adjusted to 400-500 r / min in a closed environment to continue the reaction for 8-12 min, so that calcium oxide reacts with water to generate calcium hydroxide and release heat, aluminum powder reacts synchronously in alkaline medium to release hydrogen, and a uniformly distributed microporous structure is formed inside the system, and by controlling the water flow rate and stirring intensity, the gas is uniformly nucleated and grown inside the slurry, and finally a wet slurry with three-dimensional interconnected microporous structure is formed;

[0015] S3, mold pouring and static setting: the mold coated with release agent is placed on a vibration table, and the wet slurry is continuously poured into the mold cavity at a vibration frequency of 25-35 Hz, and by mechanical vibration for 2-6 min, the bubbles wrapped inside the slurry are effectively removed, and the particles are closely arranged and the liquid phase is uniformly distributed, the poured mold is then transferred to a constant temperature and humidity environment with a temperature of 22-28 ℃ and a relative humidity of 85-95% for static curing for 3-5 h, so that the slurry preliminarily forms a gel network with calcium hydroxide, calcium sulfate and silicon dioxide as the skeleton, and a matrix body with dense structure and uniform pore distribution is obtained;

[0016] S4, high temperature and high pressure steam curing: the matrix body is moved to a high pressure steam curing kettle, and is cured by a segmented heating and constant pressure method, to obtain a high-strength porous matrix material with stable three-dimensional channels, high specific surface area and persistent water storage and release functions;

[0017] S5, crushing and screening: after primary crushing of the high-strength porous matrix material using a jaw crusher, the material is transferred to a roll crusher for fine crushing under the conditions of a roll gap distance of 5-50 mm, a roll speed ratio of 1:1.5, and circulating water cooling, and then graded and screened by a multi-layer vibrating screen to obtain regular granular products with a particle size of 5-50 mm.

[0018] Further, in S1, the activated carbon activation treatment comprises the following steps:

[0019] The activated carbon and the nitric acid solution with a concentration of 15-25% are added to the acid-resistant reaction kettle at a solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:8-1:12, and continuously stirred in a 75-85 ℃ constant temperature water bath for 2-4 h, so that the nitric acid fully oxidizes and erodes the surface and internal pores of the activated carbon, and introduces abundant oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface by strong oxidation;

[0020] After the reaction is completed, the product is repeatedly washed with deionized water until it is neutral, and then it is placed in a blast drying oven and dried at 105-115°C until the weight is constant. Then it is transferred to a tube furnace, heated to 550-650°C at a rate of 8-12°C / min under a nitrogen atmosphere, and calcined for 1-2h. The active carbon framework structure is restructured at high temperature to effectively remove the blockage in the pores (such as amorphous carbon), thereby increasing the specific surface area and micropore volume, and ultimately obtaining activated active carbon with developed pore structure, high surface activity, and excellent biological affinity.

[0021] Further, in S1, the zeolite is natural clinoptilolite, which has a regular pore structure and abundant surface acid sites for selective adsorption of polar odor molecules.

[0022] Further, in S1, the zeolite modification process includes the following steps:

[0023] Zeolite particles with a particle size of 0.5-2mm are mixed with a sodium chloride solution with a concentration of 1.0-1.5 mol / L at a solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:5-1:8 in a corrosion-resistant reaction kettle, and stirred at a speed of 120-200 rpm for 4-6h at 85-95°C. This allows sodium ions to fully exchange with cations in the zeolite framework, improving its pore structure and surface chemical properties.

[0024] The resulting material is then transferred to a vacuum filtration device for solid-liquid separation. It is repeatedly washed with deionized water at 60-70°C until no white precipitate is produced in the filtrate when tested with silver nitrate solution, indicating that the residual chloride ions have been effectively removed. The washed zeolite is then dried in a blast drying oven at 110-120°C until the weight is constant, and then placed in a rare earth cerium chloride solution with a concentration of 0.2-0.5 mol / L. It is stirred at a speed of 80-120 rpm for 2-4h at 35-45°C, allowing rare earth species to be fully loaded inside and on the surface of the zeolite pores.

[0025] Finally, the temperature is programmed to rise to 450-550°C at a rate of 2-4°C / min in a muffle furnace, and the temperature is maintained at this level for 2-3h to complete the modification process of the zeolite.

[0026] Further, in S4, the method of stepwise heating and constant pressure curing includes the following steps:

[0027] S4.1, First stage curing: increase the temperature in the curing kettle to 150-180°C at a rate of 8-12°C / min, simultaneously adjust the pressure to 0.8-1.2MPa, and maintain this temperature and pressure for 3-5h. This allows calcium sulfate dihydrate to partially dehydrate to calcium sulfate hemihydrate, and stimulates the exothermic reaction of calcium oxide and water, promoting the initial crosslinking between active components and the stabilization of microporous structure.

[0028] S4.2, the second stage curing: continue to raise the temperature to 190-210 DEG C, the pressure is increased to 1.5-2.0 MPa, constant temperature and constant pressure curing 2-4 h, so that the silica and calcium hydroxide is fully reacted to generate hydrated calcium silicate, at the same time, calcium sulfate dihydrate is further converted into anhydrous calcium sulfate and participates in the formation of ettringite reinforcing phase, forming a high-strength three-dimensional network structure with hydrated calcium silicate-ettringite as the skeleton;

[0029] S4.3, the program cooling: after curing, the temperature is reduced at a rate of 5-8 DEG C / min, until the temperature in the kettle is reduced to below 50 DEG C, effectively relieving the thermal stress accumulation caused by sudden temperature drop, so that the matrix material structure has integrity and long-term stability.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0031] 1、The high-strength porous water storage type waste gas treatment matrix material and its preparation method, a multi-component synergistic formula of activated carbon, zeolite, silicon dioxide, calcium sulfate dihydrate, calcium oxide and aluminum powder is used, and through aluminum powder foaming under alkaline conditions and high temperature and high pressure steam curing technology, the material forms a multi-level pore structure with three-dimensional interconnected pores and high specific surface area; the structure not only maintains the low density characteristics, but also has good mechanical strength and persistent water storage and release function, which can provide a stable adhesion interface and humid growth environment for microbial communities; not only improves the adsorption capacity and mass transfer efficiency of the material for volatile organic compounds and odor molecules, but also effectively enhances the buffering capacity of the system to respond to impact load, thereby improving the comprehensive performance and engineering applicability of the high-strength porous water storage type waste gas treatment matrix material.

[0032] 2、The high-strength porous water storage type waste gas treatment matrix material and its preparation method, through mold vibration casting and segmented temperature and pressure control curing method, it is beneficial to the exclusion of bubbles in the matrix blank body and the uniform formation of gel network, which not only promotes the crosslinking between active components and the stabilization of microporous structure, but also forms a high-strength three-dimensional network with hydrated calcium silicate-ettringite as the skeleton, so that the material has high porosity and excellent water holding capacity, and improves the integrity of the structure and the stability of long-term operation, thereby making the waste gas treatment system reliable and durable under long-term continuous operation conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 The preparation method flowchart of the high-strength porous water storage type waste gas treatment matrix material of the present application;

[0034] Figure 2 The adsorption capacity retention rate line graph of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] With reference to the drawings of the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of the present application.

[0036] Embodiment 1

[0037] According to Figure 1 As shown in the figure, first, 10% of activated carbon, 6% of zeolite, 62.86% of silicon dioxide, 2% of calcium sulfate dihydrate, 18% of calcium oxide, 0.04% of aluminum powder and 1.1% of water are prepared as raw materials; wherein the activated carbon is activated by stirring with 20% nitric acid solution at 80℃ for 3h, washed and dried, and then calcined at 600℃ for 1.5h under nitrogen protection; the zeolite is natural clinoptilolite, which is modified by ion exchange with 1.2mol / L sodium chloride solution at 90℃ for 5h, washing, loading 0.3mol / L cerium chloride solution, and calcining at 500℃ for 2.5h; after all the raw materials are dried and crushed to a particle size of 45-75μm, they are put into a high-speed stirrer for dry mixing at 400r / min for 12min, then deionized water is added at a rate of 6mL / min under stirring at 600r / min, after dropping, continue to react at 450r / min for 10min in a closed environment to complete the gas evolution; the obtained wet slurry is poured into a mold coated with a release agent in advance, placed on a 30Hz vibration table to remove bubbles for 4min, then placed in a 25℃, 90% humidity environment for 4h curing; the green body is moved into a high-pressure steam curing kettle, first heated to 165℃ at a rate of 10℃ / min, pressure 1.0MPa for 4h, then heated to 200℃, pressure 1.8MPa for 3h, finally programmed to cool to below 50℃ at a rate of 6℃ / min; the cooled substrate is crushed by a jaw crusher and a roller crusher under circulating water cooling, and graded by a vibrating screen to obtain regular granular products with a particle size of 5-50mm.

[0038] Embodiment 2

[0039] According to Figure 1As shown, first, 12% of activated carbon, 8% of zeolite, 59.5% of silicon dioxide, 4% of calcium sulfate dihydrate, 15% of calcium oxide, 0.06% of aluminum powder and 1.44% of water are prepared as raw materials; wherein the activated carbon is activated by stirring with 18% nitric acid solution at 78℃ for 3.5h, washed and dried, and then calcined at 580℃ for 2h under nitrogen protection; the zeolite is natural clinoptilolite, which is modified by ion exchange with 1.0mol / L sodium chloride solution at 88℃ for 5.5h, washing, loading 0.4mol / L cerium chloride solution and calcining at 480℃ for 3h; after all the raw materials are dried and crushed to a particle size of 45-75μm, they are put into a high-speed stirrer for dry mixing at 350r / min for 14min, then deionized water is added at a rate of 5.5mL / min under stirring at 700r / min, after dropping, the reaction continues in a closed environment at 480r / min for 9min to complete the gas evolution; the obtained wet slurry is poured into a mold coated with a release agent in advance, placed on a vibration table at 28Hz to vibrate for 5min to remove bubbles, then placed in a 26℃, 88% humidity environment for 4.5h to solidify; the green body is moved into a high-pressure steam curing kettle, first heated to 170℃ at 9℃ / min, pressure 1.1MPa for 3.5h, then heated to 195℃, pressure 1.7MPa for 3.5h, finally programmed to cool to below 50℃ at 5.5℃ / min; the cooled matrix is crushed by a jaw crusher and a roller crusher under circulating water cooling, and graded by a vibrating screen to obtain regular granular products with a particle size of 5-50mm.

[0040] Example 3

[0041] According to Figure 1As shown, first, raw materials of 14% activated carbon, 10% zeolite, 55.2% silicon dioxide, 5% calcium sulfate dihydrate, 14.5% calcium oxide, 0.08% aluminum powder and 1.22% water are prepared; wherein the activated carbon is activated by stirring with 22% nitric acid solution at 82°C for 2.5h, washed and dried, and then calcined at 620°C for 1h under nitrogen protection; the zeolite is natural clinoptilolite, which is modified by ion exchange with 1.4mol / L sodium chloride solution at 92°C for 4.5h, washed, loaded with 0.25mol / L cerium chloride solution, and calcined at 520°C for 2h; after all the raw materials are dried and crushed to a particle size of 45-75μm, they are put into a high-speed stirrer for dry mixing at 450r / min for 11min, then deionized water is added at a rate of 7mL / min under stirring at 750r / min, after the dripping, the reaction is continued in a closed environment at 420r / min for 11min to complete the gas evolution; the obtained wet slurry is poured into a mold coated with a release agent in advance, placed on a vibration table at 32Hz to vibrate for 3min to remove bubbles, and then cured at 27°C and 92% humidity for 3.5h; the green body is moved into a high-pressure steam curing kettle, first heated to 160°C at 11°C / min, cured at a pressure of 0.9MPa for 4.5h, then heated to 205°C, cured at a pressure of 1.9MPa for 2.5h, and finally cooled to below 50°C at a programmed cooling rate of 7°C / min; the cooled matrix is crushed by a jaw crusher and a roller crusher under circulating water cooling, and graded by a vibrating screen to obtain regular granular products with a particle size of 5-50mm.

[0042] Example 4

[0043] According to Figure 1As shown, first, 15% of activated carbon, 12% of zeolite, 52.35% of silicon dioxide, 7% of calcium sulfate dihydrate, 12% of calcium oxide, 0.09% of aluminum powder and 1.56% of water are prepared as raw materials; wherein, the activated carbon is activated by stirring with 25% nitric acid solution at 85℃ for 2h, washed and dried, and then calcined at 650℃ for 1h under nitrogen protection; the zeolite is modified by ion exchange with 1.5mol / L sodium chloride solution at 95℃ for 4h, washed, loaded with 0.35mol / L cerium chloride solution, and then calcined at 550℃ for 2h; after all the raw materials are dried and crushed to a particle size of 45-75μm, they are put into a high-speed stirrer for dry mixing at 500r / min for 10min, then deionized water is added at a rate of 8mL / min under stirring at 800r / min, after the addition is completed, the reaction is continued at 500r / min for 8min in a closed environment to complete the gas evolution; the obtained wet slurry is poured into a mold precoated with a release agent, placed on a 35Hz vibration table to remove bubbles for 2min, and then cured at 28℃ in a 95% humidity environment for 3h; the green body is moved into a high-pressure steam curing kettle, first heated to 180℃ at a rate of 12℃ / min, cured at a pressure of 1.2MPa for 3h, then heated to 210℃, cured at a pressure of 2.0MPa for 2h, and finally cooled to below 50℃ at a rate of 8℃ / min; the cooled matrix is broken by a jaw crusher and a roller crusher under circulating water cooling, and then graded by a vibrating screen to obtain regular granular products with a particle size of 5-50mm.

[0044] In order to verify that the waste gas treatment matrix material prepared by the embodiment of the present application has good structural stability and water holding and releasing functions, the following test examples are used to illustrate the waste gas treatment matrix material provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0045] Test Example

[0046] The purpose of this test group is to explore the influence of different component proportions on the waste gas treatment matrix material, and to detect the compressive strength, porosity, water holding rate, saturated adsorption capacity and cycle stability of the waste gas treatment matrix material of the present application.

[0047] Test Objective: Test Group A, Test Group B, Test Group C and Test Group D respectively use the component proportions of the waste gas treatment matrix materials provided by Examples 1-4; the control examples use Control Group A to Control Group K, which are specifically set as follows:

[0048] Control Group A

[0049] The preparation method is exactly the same as that of Example 3, but the raw material ratio is activated carbon 30%, zeolite 25%, silicon dioxide 75%, calcium sulfate dihydrate 15%, calcium oxide 30%, aluminum powder 0.15%, and water 1%.

[0050] Control Group B

[0051] The preparation method is exactly the same as in Example 3, but the raw material ratio is 5% activated carbon, 2% zeolite, 40% silicon dioxide, 1% calcium sulfate dihydrate, 5% calcium oxide, 0.01% aluminum powder, and 0.2% water.

[0052] Control group C

[0053] The raw material ratio and preparation process are basically the same as in Example 2, except that no activated carbon component is added, and the amount of silica is increased to 70wt%, while the proportions of the remaining components remain unchanged.

[0054] Control group D

[0055] The raw material ratio and preparation process are basically the same as in Example 2. The difference is that the zeolite used is ordinary zeolite with a silicon-to-aluminum ratio of 2:1, which does not have a regular pore structure and abundant surface acid sites.

[0056] Control group E

[0057] The raw material ratio and preparation process are basically the same as in Example 2, except that no zeolite component is added, and the amount of silica is increased to 66wt% accordingly, while the proportions of the other components remain unchanged.

[0058] control group F

[0059] The raw material ratio and preparation process are basically the same as in Example 2, except that no silica component is added, and the amount of activated carbon is increased to 25wt% and the amount of zeolite is increased to 15wt%, while the proportions of the remaining components remain unchanged.

[0060] control group G

[0061] The raw material ratio and preparation process are basically the same as in Example 1, but the segmented heating and constant pressure curing method is not used. Specifically, the matrix blank is transferred to a high-pressure steam curing kettle, heated directly to 200°C, and the pressure is increased to 1.8 MPa. Under these conditions, it is cured at constant temperature and pressure for 7 hours. After curing, it is cooled to below 50°C at a rate of 6°C / min to obtain the matrix material.

[0062] control group H

[0063] The raw material ratio and preparation process are basically the same as in Example 1. The difference is that the mold does not use a vibration table and is directly poured. The mold coated with release agent is placed horizontally and the wet slurry is directly poured into the mold cavity without mechanical vibration. Then it is transferred to a constant temperature and humidity environment of 26°C and 88% relative humidity and left to stand and cure for 4.5 hours to obtain the matrix blank.

[0064] Control group I

[0065] The traditional activated carbon-zeolite mixed material is used as a control: 50% of coal-based granular activated carbon (particle size 4-6 mm, iodine value ≥800 mg / g) and 50% of natural zeolite (particle size 3-5 mm) are physically dry-mixed, and the mixture is directly used as a biofilter filler without any molding and high-temperature and high-pressure curing process.

[0066] Control group J

[0067] The conventional ceramsite carrier is used as a control: clay, shale and pore-forming agent are used as main raw materials, and the spherical ceramsite with a particle size of 5-10 mm is prepared by the processes of batching, mixing, granulating and sintering at 1100°C, the apparent density of the ceramsite is 0.9-1.1 g / cm³, the porosity is 35%-40%, and the specific surface area is 2-4 m² / g.

[0068] Control group K

[0069] 30% of activated carbon, 20% of diatomite, 15% of kaolin, 10% of cement, 8% of gypsum, 5% of wood chips, 5% of bentonite and 7% of water are uniformly mixed, and then the mixture is extruded, dried at normal pressure and 80°C for 12 hours to obtain a porous adsorption matrix material.

[0070] Test method: According to the compressive strength, porosity, water retention rate, saturated adsorption capacity and cycle stability of the waste gas treatment matrix material, tests are respectively carried out, and the specific test method is as follows:

[0071] Compressive strength: a universal material testing machine is used, the sample is processed into a standard cylinder (diameter 50 mm x height 50 mm), an axial pressure is applied at a loading rate of 2 mm / min, and the maximum load at the time of sample failure is recorded; the compressive strength calculation formula is: σ=F / A, wherein σ is the compressive strength (MPa), F is the failure load (N), and A is the cross-sectional area of the sample (mm²);

[0072] Porosity: a mercury intrusion method is used, a full-automatic mercury porosimeter is used, the dry sample is placed in an expansion meter, and the mercury intrusion volume is measured in the pressure range of 0.1-400 MPa; the total porosity calculation formula is: P=(V_p / V_b) x 100%, wherein P is the total porosity (%), V_p is the cumulative mercury intrusion volume (cm³ / g), and V_b is the apparent volume of the sample (cm³ / g);

[0073] Water retention rate: the dry sample is weighed (W_d), then completely immersed in deionized water, taken out after 24 hours, wiped with wet gauze to remove surface water, and immediately weighed (W_s); the water retention rate calculation formula is: W_r=[(W_s-W_d) / W_d] x 100%, wherein W_r is the water retention rate (%), W_s is the saturated wet weight (g), and W_d is the dry weight (g);

[0074] Saturation adsorption capacity: using dynamic adsorption method, in a fixed bed adsorption device, 1000 mg / m3 of toluene standard gas was introduced, the gas flow rate was 0.5 L / min, and the adsorption temperature was 25℃; when the outlet concentration reached 95% of the inlet concentration, it was considered to be saturated adsorption, and the saturation adsorption capacity calculation formula was: Q=(C_0×V×t) / m, wherein Q was the saturation adsorption capacity (mg / g), C_0 was the inlet concentration (mg / m³), V was the gas flow rate (m³ / min), t was the breakthrough time (min), and m was the adsorbent mass (g);

[0075] Cycling stability: the sample was subjected to adsorption-desorption cycle experiment, after each adsorption saturation, it was heated at 105℃ for 2h, and then cooled to room temperature for the next adsorption; the retention rate of the saturation adsorption capacity after 20 cycles was used to evaluate the cycling stability, and the retention rate calculation formula was: R=(Q_20 / Q_1)×100%, wherein R was the adsorption capacity retention rate (%), Q_20 was the saturation adsorption capacity of the 20th cycle (mg / g), and Q_1 was the saturation adsorption capacity of the 1st cycle (mg / g).

[0076] Specific detection indexes are shown in Table 1.

[0077] Table 1: Detection indexes of each sample

[0078] Compressive strength (MPa) Porosity (%) Water retention (%) Toluene saturated adsorption capacity (mg / g) Adsorption capacity retention rate (20 times, %) Test group A 4.8 68.5 152 138 88.5 Test group B 5.2 66.8 148 142 90.1 Test group C 4.9 67.2 150 145 89.3 Test group D 5.1 67.8 151 140 89.8 Control group A 3.1 72.3 160 155 75.2 Control group B 2.5 58.6 125 98 82.4 Control group C 4.5 60.1 135 85 86.7 Control group D 4.7 65.5 142 118 84.5 Control group E 4.8 62.3 138 105 85.9 Control group F 2.8 71.5 145 132 72.1 Control group G 3.3 64.2 140 128 80.5 Control group H 3.6 62.8 132 122 83.2 Control group I Could not be molded - - 156 65.8 Control group J 8.5 38.5 45 28 94.5 Control group K 1.5 52.4 90 95 78.3

[0079] According to Table 1 and Figure 2 , the high-strength porous water storage type waste gas treatment matrix material prepared by the examples 1-4 (test groups A-D) of the present application exhibited excellent comprehensive performance in terms of compressive strength, porosity, water holding rate, toluene saturation adsorption capacity and cycling stability; specifically, as follows:

[0080] The adsorption capacity and mass transfer efficiency of the material are improved by compounding and activating modification of activated carbon and zeolite: the saturated adsorption capacity of toluene of the test group B is 142mg / g, and the capacity retention rate is 90.1% after 20 cycles; compared with this, the control group C (85mg / g, 86.7%) without activated carbon has insufficient trapping capacity due to the lack of developed microporous structure, and the control group E (105mg / g, 85.9%) without zeolite weakens the selective adsorption of polar molecules due to the lack of ion exchange sites; in addition, the control group D (118mg / g, 84.5%) using ordinary zeolite has decreased adsorption selectivity and easy deactivation of active sites due to insufficient regularity of pore structure and richness of surface acid sites, which further proves that the activated activated carbon and the specific structure zeolite in the composite material form a synergistic effect of microporous physical trapping and ion exchange adsorption, and by constructing a complementary adsorption interface, the initial adsorption capacity is improved while the regeneration ability of the adsorption site is effectively maintained in the cyclic use, thereby enhancing the mass transfer efficiency and long-term stability of the material;

[0081] The compressive strength of the test groups A-D is maintained at 4.8-5.2MPa, the porosity is between 66.8%-68.5%, and the water holding rate is as high as 148%-152%; while the control group A (strength 3.1MPa) and the control group B (strength 2.5MPa, porosity 58.6%) have uneven development of material skeleton structure, partial pore collapse or poor connectivity, resulting in significant decrease of mechanical properties and pore characteristics due to the excessive or insufficient reaction system caused by the component ratio exceeding the preferred range; but compared with the traditional ceramsite carrier (control group J, porosity 38.5%, water holding rate 45%) or the physical mixed filler (control group I, which cannot be formed), the ratio is still feasible through the idea of constructing a three-dimensional network by aluminum powder foaming and high temperature and high pressure curing; in addition, the control group G (strength 3.3MPa, porosity 64.2%) without optimized curing and the control group H (strength 3.6MPa, porosity 62.8%) without vibration casting have increased internal defects of the matrix due to the residual bubbles in the slurry and the insufficient density of particle arrangement, which causes damage to the integrity of the microstructure, proving that the mold vibration casting and segmented temperature and pressure curing process adopted in the application is crucial for eliminating internal bubbles of the slurry, promoting close arrangement of particles and forming a uniform and high-strength three-dimensional network with calcium silicate hydrate-calcium aluminate as the skeleton, and is a key guarantee for realizing high mechanical strength, excellent pore structure and long-term water storage function of the material at the same time;

[0082] The test groups A-D have a retention rate of adsorption capacity of more than 88.5% after 20 adsorption-desorption cycles, and have good cycle stability; in contrast, the control group F does not add a silica component, so that the calcium silicate-calcium aluminate skeleton network is not fully formed, resulting in insufficient material structure strength (2.8 MPa), and the skeleton is prone to collapse and the pore is prone to blockage during the cycle, so that the retention rate of adsorption capacity is reduced to 72.1%; the control group G uses a single-stage high-temperature and high-pressure curing process, and the internal thermal stress accumulates to cause micro-cracks, so that the structural integrity is damaged, and the retention rate is reduced to 80.5%; the control group K uses a conventional mixed drying process, and fails to form a stable three-dimensional cross-linked network, so that the structure is loose and the strength is low (1.5 MPa), and the structure is prone to damage during the cycle, and the retention rate is only 78.3%; this shows that the application introduces silica to participate in the hydration reaction to construct a high-strength skeleton, and uses a segmented temperature and pressure controlled steam curing process and a vibration casting forming technology, which effectively relieves the internal stress of the material and reduces the initiation and expansion of micro-cracks, so as to form a three-dimensional network with excellent structural integrity and fatigue resistance, and improve the structural durability and performance retention rate of the base material in long-term adsorption-desorption cycles.

[0083] In addition, compared with the physically mixed activated carbon-zeolite (control group I, unable to be formed, poor cycle stability), the conventional ceramsite (control group J, high strength but low porosity, water retention and adsorption capacity), and other porous adsorption matrices (control group K, poor performance), the material of the application has more balanced characteristics in terms of comprehensive performance; specifically, on the basis of maintaining a compressive strength of not less than 4.8 MPa, the porosity of the material is more than 66.8%, the water retention is not less than 148%, the saturated adsorption capacity of p-toluene is more than 138 mg / g, and after 20 adsorption-desorption cycles, the adsorption capacity retention rate is still maintained at more than 88.5%; these data show that the material has positive effects in terms of mechanical stability, porous structure, water retention capacity, pollutant adsorption performance and long-term use stability.

[0084] In summary, the application uses a multi-component synergistic formula of activated carbon, zeolite, silicon dioxide, calcium sulfate dihydrate, calcium oxide and aluminum powder, combined with activation and modification treatment of raw materials, vibration casting forming and specific segmented high-temperature and high-pressure steam curing process, to prepare a waste gas treatment matrix material with high mechanical strength, ideal pore structure, good water retention and release characteristics, high adsorption capacity and stable cycle performance; the material has high mechanical strength, rich pore structure, excellent water retention and release performance, and good pollutant adsorption capacity and cycle stability, and can provide a long-term stable attachment interface and suitable humid growth microenvironment for microbial communities, thereby strengthening the synergistic effect of pollutant adsorption and enrichment and biodegradation process in the waste gas treatment system, and improving the buffering capacity of the system in response to waste gas load fluctuations.

[0085] The foregoing presents and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present application. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and the above-mentioned embodiments and descriptions in the specification are only preferred examples of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Various changes and improvements can be made to the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and such changes and improvements are all within the scope of the present application. The scope of protection of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a high-strength porous water-storage type waste gas treatment matrix material, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. After activating activated carbon and modifying zeolite, it is dried and pulverized with silica, calcium sulfate dihydrate, calcium oxide and aluminum powder respectively to obtain fine powder with a moisture content of less than 1% and a particle size of 45-75μm. S2. After mixing the fine powder into a high-speed mixer to form a dry mixture, deionized water is added dropwise to continue the reaction and form a wet slurry with a three-dimensional interconnected microporous structure. S3. Place the mold coated with release agent on a vibration table and continuously vibrate it at a vibration frequency of 25-35Hz for 2-6 minutes while continuously pouring the wet slurry into the mold cavity. After pouring, let it stand to solidify, so that the slurry initially forms a gel network with calcium hydroxide, calcium sulfate and silica as the skeleton, and obtains a matrix preform with a dense structure and uniform pore distribution. S4. The matrix preform is transferred to a high-pressure steam curing autoclave and cured by segmented heating and constant pressure to obtain a high-strength porous matrix material with stable three-dimensional channels, high specific surface area and long-lasting water storage and release function. S5. After the high-strength porous matrix material is initially crushed by a jaw crusher, it is transferred to a double roll crusher for fine crushing. Then, it is classified and screened by a multi-layer vibrating screen to obtain regular granular products with a particle size of 5-50mm. In S1, the zeolite used is natural clinoptilolite, which has a regular pore structure and abundant surface acidic sites for the selective adsorption of polar odor molecules. In step S1, the zeolite modification treatment includes the following steps: Zeolite particles with a particle size of 0.5-2 mm and sodium chloride solution with a concentration of 1.0-1.5 mol / L are added to a corrosion-resistant reactor at a solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:5-1:

8. The reactor is stirred continuously at 120-200 rpm for 4-6 hours at 85-95℃ to allow sodium ions to fully exchange with cations in the zeolite framework. The obtained material was then transferred to a vacuum filtration device for solid-liquid separation. It was repeatedly washed with deionized water at 60-70℃ until no white precipitate was produced when the filtrate was tested with silver nitrate solution. The washed zeolite was then dried in a forced-air drying oven at 110-120℃ until constant weight was achieved. It was then placed in a rare earth cerium chloride solution with a concentration of 0.2-0.5 mol / L and stirred at 80-120 rpm for 2-4 hours at 35-45℃ to ensure that the rare earth species were fully loaded into the pores and surface of the zeolite. Finally, the temperature is programmed to 450-550℃ in a muffle furnace at a heating rate of 2-4℃ / min, and held at this temperature for 2-3 hours to complete the zeolite modification process.

2. The preparation method of the high-strength porous water-storage type waste gas treatment matrix material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the activated carbon activation treatment includes the following steps: Add activated carbon and a 15-25% nitric acid solution to an acid-resistant reactor at a solid-liquid mass ratio of 1:8-1:

12. Stir continuously in a constant temperature water bath at 75-85℃ for 2-4 hours to allow the nitric acid to fully oxidize and erode the surface and internal pores of the activated carbon. After the reaction is complete, the carbon is repeatedly washed with deionized water until neutral, then placed in a forced-air drying oven and dried at 105-115℃ to constant weight. Subsequently, it is transferred to a tube furnace and heated to 550-650℃ at a heating rate of 8-12℃ / min under nitrogen protection and held at that temperature for 1-2 hours. This process reconstructs the activated carbon framework structure at high temperature, resulting in activated carbon with a well-developed pore structure, high surface activity, and excellent biocompatibility.

3. The preparation method of the high-strength porous water-storage type waste gas treatment matrix material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, a high-speed mixer is used to dry mix the fine powder at a speed of 300-500 r / min for 10-15 min.

4. The preparation method of the high-strength porous water-storage type waste gas treatment matrix material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, deionized water is added dropwise at a rate of 5-8 mL / min using a constant flow pump, while a high-speed stirrer maintains a stirring speed of 600-800 r / min. After the addition is complete, the reaction continues for 8-12 minutes in a closed environment at 400-500 r / min.

5. The method for preparing the high-strength porous water-storage type waste gas treatment matrix material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the solidification process involves standing in a constant temperature and humidity environment of 22-28℃ and 85-95% for 3-5 hours.

6. The method for preparing the high-strength porous water-storage type waste gas treatment matrix material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S5, the double roll crusher performs fine crushing under the conditions of a roll gap of 5-50mm, a roll speed ratio of 1:1.5, and circulating water cooling.

7. A high-strength porous water-storage waste gas treatment matrix material prepared by the preparation method of the high-strength porous water-storage waste gas treatment matrix material according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Including the following raw materials: Activated carbon 5-30 wt%; zeolite 2-25 wt%; silicon dioxide 40-75 wt%; calcium sulfate dihydrate 1-15 wt%; calcium oxide 5-30 wt%; aluminum powder 0.01-0.15 wt%; deionized water 0.2-1 wt%. In this process, calcium oxide reacts with water to generate calcium hydroxide and releases heat, while aluminum powder reacts with calcium hydroxide under alkaline conditions to generate hydrogen gas, forming a uniformly distributed microporous structure. The calcium sulfate dihydrate is dehydrated under high temperature and high pressure curing conditions to become hemihydrate or anhydrous calcium sulfate, which intertwines with the generated calcium hydroxide and silicon dioxide to form a high-strength framework network. The activated carbon and zeolite are embedded in the framework network, together forming a three-dimensional matrix with high porosity, excellent water retention capacity and mechanical strength.

8. The high-strength porous water-storage type waste gas treatment matrix material according to claim 7, characterized in that, The raw materials comprise the following percentages by mass: Activated carbon accounts for 10-15 wt%; zeolite accounts for 6-12 wt%; silicon dioxide accounts for 55-65 wt%; calcium sulfate dihydrate accounts for 2-7 wt%; calcium oxide accounts for 10-20 wt%; aluminum powder accounts for 0.04-0.9 wt%; and deionized water accounts for 0.4-0.7 wt%.

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