Dust removal environment-friendly device suitable for underground construction

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of dust removal and environmental protection for underground construction, in particular to a dust removal and environmental protection device suitable for underground construction, which comprises a base, an air inlet assembly is arranged on one side of the top of the base, and a purification assembly for purifying gas is arranged on the other side of the top of the base. The air inlet assembly comprises an air gathering cover capable of moving up and down, one end of the air gathering cover is connected with a second hinge piece, a first hinge piece is rotationally arranged on the second hinge piece through a shaft, and the air gathering cover can move front and back and can rotate around the shaft on the first hinge piece. The air inlet assembly further comprises a negative pressure fan which is connected with the air gathering cover through a pipeline and used for enabling air to flow, and a cyclone dust collector which is arranged between the purification assembly and the negative pressure fan and used for separating gas and dust. By arranging the adjustable wind gathering cover, the problem that a large number of pollutants are likely to escape into the construction environment through a traditional device is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dust removal and environmental protection technology in underground construction, specifically to a dust removal and environmental protection device suitable for underground construction. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component of urban infrastructure, municipal underground pipelines involve crucial processes such as welding and grinding during their laying, maintenance, and renovation. These processes are widely used in construction scenarios such as steel pipe splicing and pipeline joint reinforcement. When these processes are carried out in underground spaces, they inevitably generate a large amount of welding fumes. These fumes are not a single pollutant but a complex pollution system composed of gaseous harmful substances and solid particulate matter. Inhalation of these fumes can easily lead to tissue hypoxia, causing dizziness, coma, and even endangering life.

[0003] Chinese patent CN118320616B discloses an air dust removal and purification device for municipal underground construction, including a base, a shell, an adsorption mechanism, and a filtration mechanism. The shell has a heating chamber inside, and a heating block is arranged inside the heating chamber. The side wall of the heating block is provided with a groove. The shell has a transport groove inside, and multiple rotating blocks are rotatably connected inside the transport groove. The filtration mechanism includes a rotating column rotatably connected inside the filtration chamber, and a filter element is provided at the bottom of the rotating column. This patent uses an air pump to draw gas into the filtration chamber, and filters the gas and impurities through the internal filter screen and filter element.

[0004] To address welding fume treatment, existing technologies have developed dust removal and environmental protection devices based on the principles of "collection, extraction, and filtration." These devices typically consist of a dust collector hood, an extraction pump, a filter chamber, and purification components. During operation, the extraction pump generates negative pressure, which is used to collect the welding fumes through the dust collector hood. The gas containing pollutants is then extracted into the filter chamber, where particulate matter and gaseous pollutants are removed through filter media, adsorbents, or catalytic materials. However, these devices suffer from significant technical limitations in underground pipeline construction scenarios. In existing devices, the dust collector hood and the air inlet of the extraction pump are often fixed connections (such as welded or bolted rigid connections), preventing the dust collector hood's position and angle from being flexibly adjusted according to actual construction needs. The fume hood is difficult to aim directly at the source of welding fumes, and the effect of fume collection is poor when the distance is too far, resulting in a large amount of pollutants escaping into the construction environment and causing a sharp drop in purification efficiency. Secondly, most mobile welding fume purifiers only have dust removal functions, using filter cloth or HEPA filters to trap particulate matter. Although they can remove tiny iron oxide particles, they cannot handle gaseous pollutants such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, resulting in the presence of toxic and harmful components in the purified gas, which cannot meet comprehensive environmental protection requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a dust removal and environmental protection device suitable for underground construction. By setting an adjustable wind-gathering hood, it solves the problem that traditional devices easily allow a large amount of pollutants to escape into the construction environment.

[0006] To address the problems of existing technologies, this invention provides a dust removal and environmental protection device suitable for underground construction, comprising a base, an air intake component on one side of the top of the base, and a purification component for purifying the gas on the other side of the top of the base. The air intake component includes a vertically movable air-gathering hood, one end of which is connected to a second hinge. A first hinge is rotatably mounted on the second hinge via a shaft. The air-gathering hood can move back and forth and rotate around the shaft on the first hinge. The air intake component also includes a negative pressure fan connected to the air-gathering hood via a pipe for airflow. The air intake component further includes a cyclone dust collector disposed between the purification component and the negative pressure fan for separating gas and dust.

[0007] Preferably, the air inlet assembly further includes brackets that are vertically and symmetrically arranged on the base, each bracket being provided with a guide rod for moving the air shroud up and down, and the bracket being provided with a support seat for supporting the negative pressure fan.

[0008] Preferably, the air intake assembly further includes a slide member slidably disposed on the guide rod, and the slide member is also provided with a locking bolt for fixing the slide member on the guide rod. There is a slide rod between the slide members that enables the air shroud to move back and forth, and a movable frame is slidably disposed on the slide rod. The bottom of the movable frame is connected to the first hinge member, and the movable frame is also provided with a locking bolt for fixing the movable frame.

[0009] Preferably, the bottom of the cyclone dust collector passes through the base and is equipped with a discharge valve.

[0010] Preferably, the purification component further includes a purification box mounted on the base, the purification box being divided into a dust removal chamber and a gas purification chamber.

[0011] Preferably, the top of the dust removal chamber has an adsorption component capable of adsorbing dust, and the bottom of the dust removal chamber is also slidably provided with a collection box for receiving dust. The dust removal chamber also has a magnetic rod for adsorbing iron filings, and the magnetic rod is disposed between the adsorption component and the collection box and can be pulled out from the dust removal chamber.

[0012] Preferably, the adsorption assembly has two sets and is distributed on the front and rear sides of the dust removal chamber. There is a channel for gas to pass through between the two adsorption assemblies. The adsorption assembly includes a vertical rod that is vertically arranged on the dust removal chamber. A slide seat is slidably arranged on the vertical rod, and an electrostatic adsorption plate for adsorbing dust is provided on the slide seat.

[0013] Preferably, the adsorption assembly further includes a first spring sleeved on the vertical rod, and the back of the slide has a vibration motor for vibrating the slide.

[0014] Preferably, the gas purification chamber has a gas purification unit for purifying the gas, and there is a channel between the gas purification chamber and the dust removal chamber for introducing gas into the gas purification unit. A rotating disk is rotatably arranged on the inner side wall of the gas purification chamber, and the rotating disk has a groove. The gas purification unit includes a purification cylinder mounted on the rotating disk, and the back of the purification cylinder has a protrusion that mates with the groove. A first filter element and a second filter element are concentrically arranged from the outside to the center inside the purification cylinder. A removable cover is provided on the outside of the purification cylinder. The gas purification chamber also has a pipe interface for connecting an external pipe.

[0015] Preferably, the interior of the purification cylinder is divided into three cavities by the first filter element and the second filter element. The gas purification unit also includes a rotary drive component installed outside the purification chamber, and the output end of the rotary drive component is connected to a sleeve. The gas purification unit also includes a limiting plate that cooperates with the cover, and a limiting rod that can slide in the sleeve is connected to the limiting plate. A second spring is provided between the sleeve and the limiting rod.

[0016] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are: This application achieves multi-dimensional adjustment of the concentrator's position by setting a vertical guide rod. The guide rod serves as the core support structure, allowing workers to adjust the concentrator's orientation angle by rotating it according to the specific location of the welding or cutting operation, thus aligning it with the pollution source. The concentrator and the sliding component are rigidly connected; the sliding component moves up and down along the axial direction of the guide rod. After adjustment, the sliding component is mechanically fixed with locking bolts to prevent displacement under vibration. Furthermore, a movable frame, as an auxiliary adjustment mechanism, can move horizontally. The position of the movable frame is also rigidly fixed with locking bolts, ensuring the stability of the overall structure. This concentrator effectively prevents pollutants from escaping from the construction environment. To further enhance purification efficiency, this application includes an adsorption component. The core of the adsorption component is an electrostatic adsorption plate, which uses the principle of high-voltage electrostatic adsorption. By applying a DC electric field, particles in the airflow become charged and are captured on the electrostatic adsorption plate under the action of the electric field force. This efficiently adsorbs dust particles. Simultaneously, the dust removal chamber contains magnetic rods that generate a strong magnetic field, selectively adsorbing iron filings and other ferromagnetic impurities. The synergistic effect of the electrostatic adsorption plate and magnetic rod enables the graded capture of mixed pollutants, reducing the load on subsequent purification units. The purification system also includes a purification chamber containing a purification cartridge. The purification cartridge has a multi-layered composite structure, divided into three independent cavities by a first and second filter element. The first filter element primarily performs fine filtration, further removing fine particulate matter, while the second filter element traps larger particles. Depending on their location and function, the three cavities can be filled with different types of specialized fillers for deep purification of specific pollutants. The first cavity can be filled with honeycomb activated carbon filler, which has high porosity and specific surface area, effectively adsorbing volatile organic compounds and odorous gases. The second cavity can be filled with porous ceramic-supported molecular sieve filler, which combines the mechanical strength of ceramics with the shape-selective adsorption characteristics of molecular sieves, suitable for the selective removal of polar gas molecules. The third cavity can be filled with alkaline microcapsule filler, which gradually releases alkaline substances through a slow-release mechanism to neutralize acidic gases, thereby achieving deep purification through chemical reactions. The overall design of the purification cylinder allows for flexible adjustment of the packing combination according to actual working conditions to adapt to different pollutant components and concentration requirements. In summary, this application constructs a highly efficient and flexible pollution control system through the position adjustment mechanism of the guide rod and moving frame, the multi-physics field adsorption function of the adsorption components, and the multi-stage packing purification technology of the purification cylinder. This system not only significantly reduces the risk of pollutant diffusion into the construction environment but also optimizes and expands purification performance through modular design, making it suitable for demanding industrial welding and cutting environments. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a first three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a dust removal and environmental protection device suitable for underground construction according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a second three-dimensional structural diagram of a dust removal and environmental protection device suitable for underground construction according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of a dust removal and environmental protection device suitable for underground construction according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure at point AA of a dust removal and environmental protection device applicable to underground construction according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the BB section of a dust removal and environmental protection device suitable for underground construction according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a dust removal and environmental protection device suitable for underground construction according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the gas purification chamber of a dust removal and environmental protection device suitable for underground construction according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 This invention relates to a dust removal and environmental protection device suitable for underground construction. Figure 6 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle.

[0025] The diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Base; 2. Air inlet assembly; 21. Bracket; 22. Support base; 23. Guide rod; 231. Slide rod; 232. Movable frame; 233. First hinge; 234. Second hinge; 235. Sliding component; 24. Air concentrator; 25. Negative pressure fan; 26. Cyclone dust collector; 3. Purification assembly; 31. Dust removal chamber; 32. Gas purification chamber; 321. Rotary disc; 33. Adsorption assembly. Components; 331, vertical rod; 332, slide block; 333, vibration motor; 334, electrostatic adsorption plate; 335, first spring; 34, magnetic rod; 35, gas purification unit; 351, purification cylinder; 352, first filter element; 353, second filter element; 354, cover; 355, limiting plate; 356, limiting rod; 357, second spring; 358, sleeve; 359, rotation drive component; 36, collection box. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To further understand the features, technical means, and specific objectives and functions achieved by the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0027] Reference Figures 1-8As shown, this invention provides a dust removal and environmental protection device suitable for underground construction, including a base 1. An air intake assembly 2 is disposed on one side of the top of the base 1, and a purification assembly 3 for gas purification is disposed on the other side of the top of the base 1. The air intake assembly 2 includes a vertically movable dust collector hood 24. One end of the dust collector hood 24 is connected to a second hinge 234. A first hinge 233 is rotatably mounted on the second hinge 234 via a shaft. The dust collector hood 24 can move back and forth and can rotate around the shaft on the first hinge 233. The dust collector hood 24 serves as the core execution unit for dust collection. The component, through its up-and-down movement, back-and-forth movement, and rotation around the first hinge 233 axis, enables the covering and adaptation of underground construction dust sources. Its cover structure can collect dust, reduce the spread of unorganized dust, and improve the collection efficiency of dust-laden gas. The air inlet component 2 also includes a negative pressure fan 25 connected to the air-collecting cover 24 through a pipe and used to circulate air. The air inlet component 2 also includes a cyclone dust collector 26 disposed between the purification component 3 and the negative pressure fan 25 and used to separate gas and dust. The bottom of the cyclone dust collector 26 passes through the base 1 and is provided with a discharge valve.

[0028] The negative pressure fan 25, as the power source for airflow circulation, is connected to the dust collector 24 via a pipe. During operation, it generates a negative pressure suction effect, creating a low-pressure zone inside the dust collector 24, forcibly drawing the collected dust-laden gas into the pipeline system. Simultaneously, it provides continuous power for the dust-laden gas, driving it to flow sequentially through the cyclone dust collector 26 and the purification component 3, achieving forced circulation of the dust-laden gas and ensuring the continuity of the dust removal process. The cyclone dust collector 26, as a pre-treatment purification component for dust-laden gas, is connected in series between the negative pressure fan 25 and the purification component 3. Utilizing the principle of centrifugal separation, it causes the dust-laden gas to rotate inside, throwing large dust particles against the wall and settling along the wall to the bottom outlet. Its core function is to remove most of the coarse dust particles from the gas, reducing the processing load on the subsequent purification component 3, preventing clogging of the fine particle purification unit, and improving the overall operational stability and service life of the purification system.

[0029] In use, based on the location, height, and diffusion range of the underground construction dust source, the relative rotation angle between the first hinge 233 and the second hinge 234 in the air intake assembly 2, as well as the vertical and horizontal displacement of the dust collection hood 24, is adjusted to cover the dust generation point, forming a collection space and maximizing the collection of unorganized dust. The negative pressure fan 25 is started, and its negative pressure effect creates a low-pressure zone inside the dust collection hood 24, forcibly drawing the dust-laden gas collected inside into the connecting pipe. Under the action of negative pressure, the dust-laden gas flows along the pipe towards the purification system. The dust-laden gas first enters the cyclone dust collector 26, where it rotates at high speed along the cylinder wall. Large dust particles in the gas are separated from the gas by centrifugal force and settle to the bottom of the dust collector, where they are periodically discharged through the discharge valve and centrally disposed of. The pre-treated gas, mainly containing fine dust particles, continues to be conveyed. The pretreated dust-laden gas enters purification component 3, where the core purification unit removes fine particulate dust and harmful pollutants, achieving deep purification. After purification, the clean gas, meeting environmental emission standards, is piped out of the construction area through purification component 3.

[0030] The air inlet assembly 2 also includes brackets 21 vertically and symmetrically arranged on the base 1. Each bracket 21 is provided with a guide rod 23 for moving the air shroud 24 up and down. The bracket 21 is also provided with a support seat 22 for supporting the negative pressure fan 25. The air inlet assembly 2 also includes a slide member 235 slidably arranged on the guide rod 23. The slide member 235 is also provided with a locking bolt for fixing the slide member 235 to the guide rod 23. There is a slide rod 231 between the slide members 235 for moving the air shroud 24 back and forth. A movable frame 232 is slidably arranged on the slide rod 231. The bottom of the movable frame 232 is connected to the first hinge member 233. The movable frame 232 is also provided with a locking bolt for fixing the movable frame 232.

[0031] Loosen the locking bolts on the slide 235 and push the slide 235 to slide vertically along the guide rod 23 on the bracket 21, causing the slide rod 231, the moving frame 232 and the dust collector hood 24 to rise and fall synchronously. After adjusting to the appropriate height for the dust source, tighten the locking bolts to fix the position of the slide 235. Loosen the locking bolts on the moving frame 232 and push the moving frame 232 to slide horizontally along the slide rod 231. The first hinge 233 connected to the bottom of the moving frame 232 drives the dust collector hood 24 to move back and forth. After adjusting to the collection distance close to the dust source, tighten the locking bolts to fix the position of the moving frame 232. By rotating the first hinge 233 and the second hinge 234 relative to each other, adjust the tilt angle of the dust collector hood 24 so that the hood opening is close to the dust diffusion direction, maximizing the collection of unorganized dust and reducing dust escape.

[0032] The purification assembly 3 also includes a purification box mounted on the base 1. The purification box is divided into a dust removal chamber 31 and a gas purification chamber 32. The top of the dust removal chamber 31 has an adsorption assembly 33 capable of adsorbing dust, and the bottom of the dust removal chamber 31 is also slidably provided with a collection box 36 for receiving dust. The dust removal chamber 31 also has a magnetic rod 34 for adsorbing iron filings, and the magnetic rod 34 is located between the adsorption assembly 33 and the collection box 36 and can be pulled out from the dust removal chamber 31.

[0033] The magnetic rod 34, as a dedicated functional component for adsorbing iron filings in the dust removal chamber 31, is made of high magnetic energy product permanent magnet material such as neodymium iron boron. Its core function is to use a strong magnetic field to adsorb iron filings in the dust-laden gas, such as iron filings generated by the wear of construction machinery and steel bar cutting debris, to prevent iron filings from impacting the adsorption component 33 with the airflow and causing scratches or damage to the filter material. At the same time, it prevents iron filings from entering the gas purification chamber 32 and affecting the performance of the subsequent purification medium. The removable design makes it easy to clean the adsorbed iron filings regularly. Maintenance can be completed by wiping or magnetically peeling after removal, ensuring continuous and stable adsorption efficiency.

[0034] The adsorption assembly 33 has two sets and is distributed on the front and rear sides of the dust removal chamber 31. There is a channel for gas to pass through between the two adsorption assemblies 33. The adsorption assembly 33 includes a vertical rod 331 vertically arranged on the dust removal chamber 31, a slide block 332 slidably arranged on the vertical rod 331, and an electrostatic adsorption plate 334 for adsorbing dust on the slide block 332. The adsorption assembly 33 also includes a first spring 335 sleeved on the vertical rod 331, and a vibration motor 333 for vibrating the slide block 332 is located on the back of the slide block 332.

[0035] The gas, pretreated by the cyclone dust collector 26, contains fine dust particles and iron filings generated during construction. It enters the dust removal chamber 31 of the purification box. After the electrostatic adsorption plate 334 is energized, a strong electric field is formed on its surface. The fine dust particles are adsorbed onto the plate surface under the action of the electric field force, achieving deep removal of fine dust. When the device is not in use, the vibration motor 333 is started. The high-frequency vibration generated by the motor is transmitted to the electrostatic adsorption plate 334 through the slide 332. At the same time, the first spring 335 undergoes elastic deformation under the action of vibration, amplifying the up-and-down reciprocating vibration amplitude of the slide 332. This causes the dust adsorbed on the plate surface to detach under the action of vibration inertia force and settle into the bottom sliding collection box 36.

[0036] The gas purification chamber 32 has a gas purification unit 35 for purifying gas. There is a channel between the gas purification chamber 32 and the dust removal chamber 31 that allows gas to be introduced into the gas purification unit 35. A rotating disk 321 is rotatably mounted on the inner side wall of the gas purification chamber 32, and the rotating disk 321 has a groove. The gas purification unit 35 includes a purification cylinder 351 mounted on the rotating disk 321, and the back of the purification cylinder 351 has a protrusion that cooperates with the groove. The first filter element 352 and the second filter element 353 are concentrically arranged from the outside to the center inside the purification cylinder 351. The outside of the purification cylinder 351 is provided with a removable cover 354. The gas purification chamber 32 also has a pipe interface for connecting an external pipe. The purification cylinder 351 is divided into three cavities by the first filter element 352 and the second filter element 353. The gas purification unit 35 also includes a rotary drive 359 installed outside the purification chamber, and the output end of the rotary drive 359 is connected to a sleeve 358. The gas purification unit 35 also includes a limiting plate 355 that cooperates with the cover 354, and a limiting rod 356 that can slide in the sleeve 358 is connected to the limiting plate 355. A second spring 357 is provided between the sleeve 358 and the limiting rod 356. The gas purification chamber 32 also has a sealing door for convenient maintenance of its internal parts.

[0037] The rotating drive component 359 is activated, and its output end drives the limiting rod 356 to rotate via the sleeve 358. The limiting rod 356 transmits torque to the purification cylinder 351 via the limiting plate 355. The purification cylinder 351 rotates synchronously with the rotating plate 321 through the engagement of the protrusion with the groove of the rotating plate 321. The second spring 357 provides axial elastic pressure to ensure that the limiting plate 355 and the cover 354 fit tightly together, preventing loosening or vibration during rotation. The purification cylinder 351 has a multi-layer composite structure, which is divided into three independent cavities by the first filter element 352 and the second filter element 353. The first filter element 352 mainly performs fine filtration and can further remove fine particulate matter, while the second filter element 353 can trap larger particles. The three cavities can be filled with different types of special fillers according to their position and function to perform deep purification for specific pollutants. The first cavity can be filled with honeycomb activated carbon packing, which has high porosity and specific surface area, effectively adsorbing volatile organic compounds and odorous gases. The second cavity can be filled with porous ceramic-supported molecular sieve packing, which combines the mechanical strength of ceramics with the shape-selective adsorption characteristics of molecular sieves, suitable for the selective removal of polar gas molecules. The third cavity can be filled with alkaline microcapsule packing, which gradually releases alkaline substances through a slow-release mechanism to neutralize acidic gases, thereby achieving deep purification through chemical reactions. The overall design of the purification cylinder 351 allows for flexible adjustment of the packing combination according to actual working conditions to adapt to different pollutant components and concentration requirements. The rotating purification cylinder 351 creates dynamic contact between the gas and the filter element surface, avoiding local adsorption saturation of the filter element and significantly improving purification efficiency. When the internal packing and filter element are saturated, the rotation drive 359 is turned off, pushing the limit rod 356 to compress the second spring 357, causing the limit disc 355 to detach from the cover 354. Subsequently, the cover 354 is removed, and the first filter element 352 and the second filter element 353 packing can be taken out for replacement or regeneration.

[0038] The above embodiments only illustrate one or more implementations of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A dust removal and environmental protection device suitable for underground construction, characterized in that: The system includes a base (1), on one side of the top of the base (1) is an air intake assembly (2), and on the other side of the top of the base (1) is a purification assembly (3) for purifying the gas. The air intake assembly (2) includes a wind-gathering hood (24) that can move up and down. One end of the wind-gathering hood (24) is connected to a second hinge (234). A first hinge (233) is rotatably mounted on the second hinge (234) via a shaft. The wind-gathering hood (24) can move back and forth and can rotate around the shaft on the first hinge (233). The air intake assembly (2) also includes a negative pressure fan (25) connected to the wind-gathering hood (24) via a pipe for circulating air. The air intake assembly (2) also includes a cyclone dust collector (26) disposed between the purification assembly (3) and the negative pressure fan (25) for separating gas and dust.

2. The dust removal and environmental protection device suitable for underground construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air intake assembly (2) also includes a bracket (21) that is vertically arranged on the base (1) and symmetrically arranged on the base (1). Each bracket (21) is also provided with a guide rod (23) that can be used to move the air shroud (24) up and down. The bracket (21) is also provided with a support seat (22) for supporting the negative pressure fan (25).

3. A dust removal and environmental protection device suitable for underground construction according to claim 2, characterized in that: The air intake assembly (2) further includes a slide (235) slidably disposed on the guide rod (23), and the slide (235) also has a locking bolt for fixing the slide (235) on the guide rod (23). There is a slide rod (231) between the slides (235) that enables the air shroud (24) to move back and forth. A movable frame (232) is slidably disposed on the slide rod (231), and the bottom of the movable frame (232) is connected to the first hinge (233). The movable frame (232) also has a locking bolt for fixing the movable frame (232).

4. A dust removal and environmental protection device suitable for underground construction according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom of the cyclone dust collector (26) passes through the base (1) and is equipped with a discharge valve.

5. A dust removal and environmental protection device suitable for underground construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The purification component (3) also includes a purification box installed on the base (1), the purification box being divided into a dust removal chamber (31) and a gas purification chamber (32).

6. A dust removal and environmental protection device suitable for underground construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the dust removal chamber (31) has an adsorption component (33) capable of adsorbing dust, and the bottom of the dust removal chamber (31) is also slidably provided with a collection box (36) for receiving dust. The dust removal chamber (31) also has a magnetic rod (34) for adsorbing iron filings, and the magnetic rod (34) is disposed between the adsorption component (33) and the collection box (36) and can be pulled out from the dust removal chamber (31).

7. A dust removal and environmental protection device suitable for underground construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: The adsorption assembly (33) has two sets and is distributed on the front and rear sides of the dust removal chamber (31). There is a channel for gas to pass through between the two adsorption assemblies (33). The adsorption assembly (33) includes a vertical rod (331) vertically arranged on the dust removal chamber (31). A slide seat (332) is slidably arranged on the vertical rod (331), and an electrostatic adsorption plate (334) for adsorbing dust is provided on the slide seat (332).

8. A dust removal and environmental protection device suitable for underground construction according to claim 7, characterized in that: The adsorption assembly (33) also includes a first spring (335) sleeved on the vertical rod (331), and the back of the slide (332) has a vibration motor (333) for vibrating the slide (332).

9. A dust removal and environmental protection device suitable for underground construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gas purification chamber (32) has a gas purification unit (35) for purifying gas inside. There is a channel between the gas purification chamber (32) and the dust removal chamber (31) that can introduce gas into the gas purification unit (35). A rotating disk (321) is rotatably arranged on the inner side wall of the gas purification chamber (32), and the rotating disk (321) has a groove. The gas purification unit (35) includes a purification cylinder (351) installed on the rotating disk (321), and the back of the purification cylinder (351) has a protrusion that cooperates with the groove. The first filter element (352) and the second filter element (353) are arranged concentrically from the outside to the center inside the purification cylinder (351). The outside of the purification cylinder (351) is provided with a removable cover (354). The gas purification chamber (32) also has a pipe interface for connecting an external pipe.

10. A dust removal and environmental protection device suitable for underground construction according to claim 9, characterized in that: The purification cylinder (351) is divided into three cavities by the first filter element (352) and the second filter element (353). The gas purification unit (35) also includes a rotary drive (359) installed outside the purification box, and the output end of the rotary drive (359) is connected to a sleeve (358). The gas purification unit (35) also includes a limiting plate (355) that cooperates with the cover (354), and a limiting rod (356) that can slide in the sleeve (358) is also connected to the limiting plate (355). A second spring (357) is provided between the sleeve (358) and the limiting rod (356).

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