Ingot casting, production method thereof and ingot casting production device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of metal casting, in particular to a cast ingot, a production method thereof and a cast ingot production device. The production method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing raw materials, heating and melting to form a melt; the components of the melt are detected and analyzed, and when the components of the melt deviate from set values, the raw materials are supplemented into the melt, so that the components of the melt reach the set values; carrying out heat preservation treatment on the melt of which the components reach set values; the melt obtained after heat preservation is subjected to pull-stop casting treatment, the pull-stop casting treatment comprises a plurality of continuous circulation action units, and each action unit comprises vertically-downward drawing and casting stopping operation; and after the pull-stop casting treatment is completed, a cast ingot is obtained. According to the production method, the crystallization process of the melt can be accurately controlled, precipitation of phosphorus in the melt is inhibited, segregation of phosphorus on the surface of the cast ingot is effectively avoided, and the surface quality of the cast ingot is remarkably improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of metal casting, in particular to a cast ingot, a production method thereof and a cast ingot production device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The production process of the traditional cast ingot is usually carried out by using a vertical semi-continuous uniform-speed casting method. The specific steps of the vertical semi-continuous uniform-speed casting method include placing copper metal in a smelting furnace for heating and melting to form copper liquid, transferring the copper liquid to a holding furnace after chemical composition analysis, and then conveying the copper liquid to a crystallizer mold through a pouring box. The copper liquid rapidly solidifies and crystallizes under the joint action of the crystallizer wall and the crystallizer base to form a relatively solid solidification shell. The copper liquid flow rate is adjusted through the pouring system. When the horizontal liquid level of the metal melt in the crystallizer reaches a certain height, the traction mechanism of the cast ingot machine drives the crystallizer base and the solidification shell solidified on the base to move downward continuously and uniformly at a certain speed.

[0003] However, the copper liquid contains a certain amount of iron and phosphorus elements. Since the solubility of phosphorus in the copper liquid is relatively low, during the crystallization process, phosphorus will be precipitated in the form of Fe3P and Cu3P to form an electronic compound and will be segregated on the surface of the cast ingot, resulting in a large number of protrusions and casting grooves on the surface of the cast ingot. These defects are prone to cause problems such as skin bubbles in subsequent processing. There is no method in the prior art that can effectively solve the segregation of the cast ingot surface. Only the cast ingot surface can be polished to eliminate defects. This method is low in efficiency and high in cost. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a cast ingot and a production method thereof to solve the problem of segregation nodule defects on the surface of the cast ingot produced by the traditional casting process.

[0005] Another purpose of the present application is to provide a cast ingot production device to solve the problem of poor working environment of the traditional casting process.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purposes, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a production method of a cast ingot, comprising: heating and melting the mixed raw materials to form a melt; the raw materials include electrolytic copper and / or old materials, copper-iron alloy intermediates and copper-phosphorus intermediate alloys; detecting and analyzing the components of the melt, and adding the corresponding raw materials to the melt when the components of the melt deviate from the corresponding set value, so that the components of the melt reach the set value; insulating the melt with the components reaching the set value to ensure that all the raw materials in the melt are melted and the temperature distribution inside the melt is uniform; The melt after insulation is subjected to a stop-casting treatment, the stop-casting treatment comprising a plurality of action units executed in sequence, each of the action units comprising a vertical downward drawing and a stop-casting executed in sequence; in each of the action units, the drawing speed is controlled at 100-150 mm / min; during the whole stop-casting treatment, the repetition frequency of the action units is controlled at 5-30 times / min. After the stop-casting treatment is completed, the ingot is obtained.

[0007] Further, in each of the action units, the drawing duration is controlled within 1-5 s, and the stop-casting duration is 0.5-1.5 times of the drawing duration.

[0008] Further, in each of the action units, the drawing process comprises an accelerated drawing stage, the drawing speed of the accelerated drawing stage is raised from zero to a preset drawing speed, the preset drawing speed is any value within 100-150 mm / min, and the duration of the accelerated drawing stage accounts for 0.01-0.5 times of the drawing duration. During the stop-casting process, the duration for reducing the drawing speed to zero accounts for 0.05-0.6 times of the stop-casting duration.

[0009] Further, during the whole stop-casting treatment, the preset drawing speed of the action units executed in sequence is gradually increased.

[0010] Further, during the whole stop-casting treatment, the repetition frequency of the action units is first gradually increased, and when reaching 30 times / min, the stop-casting treatment is performed at a constant frequency.

[0011] Further, during the stop-casting treatment, the average casting speed is controlled within 60-80 mm / min, and the casting temperature is controlled within 1150-1350℃.

[0012] The application also provides an ingot, the ingot comprising, by weight percentage, 0.05-0.14% Fe, 0.025-0.040% P, and the balance copper. The ingot is produced by the above production method.

[0013] The application also provides an ingot production device for producing the above ingot, comprising: a smelting system for heating and melting raw materials for producing the ingot to form a melt; a heat preservation and casting system, the input end of which is connected to the smelting system, for heat preserving and transmitting the melt; The crystallization and pulling system for the melt to form an ingot by the pull-stop casting process, comprising a vertical crystallizer provided with a protective cover for isolating the melt from air contact, a crystallizer body provided with a cooling water circulation system and connected with the output end of the heat preservation casting system, and a driving assembly comprising a slider reciprocally movable in the vertical direction, the slider being fixedly connected with the base, the driving assembly driving the base to move vertically downward for pulling and stopping to perform the pulling and stopping actions.

[0014] Further, the driving assembly comprises a matched servo motor and a screw rod, the screw rod being provided with a slider slidable along the screw rod, the slider being fixedly connected with the base as the output end of the driving assembly.

[0015] Further, the heat preservation casting system comprises a heat preservation furnace and a casting box connected with each other, the casting box being provided with a casting control system for controlling the casting speed of the melt.

[0016] The production method provided by the application can precisely control the crystallization process of the melt, inhibit the precipitation of phosphorus in the melt, effectively avoid the segregation of phosphorus on the surface of the ingot, solve the problem of segregation nodule defects on the surface of the ingot, and significantly improve the surface quality of the ingot. This also makes the ingot produced by the production method not need to be polished before subsequent processing, which not only saves production cost and improves production efficiency, but also helps to reduce the peeling problem of the ingot in subsequent processing and improve the qualification rate of the product.

[0017] The production method can produce an ingot with uniform composition and stable quality by detecting and adjusting the composition of the melt and precisely controlling various parameters in the pull-stop casting process, such as pulling speed, frequency, casting speed, casting temperature and cooling water pressure.

[0018] The ingot production device can avoid the problem of flying everywhere when using carbon black as a covering agent in the traditional process by using a protective cover to isolate the melt from air contact, effectively improving the working environment and protecting the health of workers.

[0019] The above description is only a summary of the technical solutions of the application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the application and can be implemented according to the content of the specification, the following will be described in detail with the preferred embodiments of the application and with the help of the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 The structure diagram of the ingot production device shown in an embodiment of the application; Figure 2 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an ingot production device according to an embodiment of the present application; Reference signs: 1, tilting system; 2, holding furnace; 3, casting box; 31, casting control system; 4, vertical crystallizer; 41, crystallizer body; 42, base; 5, driving assembly; 51, sliding block; 6, protective cover; 7, melt; 8, ingot; 9, rack. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solutions of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0022] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0023] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connecting" should be understood broadly, for example, can be fixed connection, can also be detachable connection, or integrally connected; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0024] In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0025] The present application provides an ingot production method, in one embodiment, the production method comprises the following steps: After the raw materials are mixed uniformly, they are heated and melted to form a melt; the raw materials include electrolytic copper, copper-iron alloy intermediate and copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy; The composition of the melt is detected and analyzed, and when the composition of the melt deviates from the corresponding set value, the corresponding raw material is added to the melt to make the composition of the melt reach the set value; The melt with components reaching the set value is subjected to heat preservation treatment to ensure that all raw materials in the melt are melted and the temperature distribution inside the melt is uniform; The melt after heat preservation is subjected to a draw-stop casting treatment, which includes a plurality of action units executed in sequence, each action unit including vertical downward draw and stop casting executed in sequence; in each action unit, the draw speed is controlled at 100-150 mm / min; and the repetition frequency of the action units is controlled at 5-30 times / min throughout the draw-stop casting treatment process. After the draw-stop casting treatment is completed, the ingot is obtained.

[0026] In step S1, the raw materials include electrolytic copper and / or scrap, copper-iron alloy intermediate, and copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy, etc. The scrap includes head and tail waste generated during the production of the ingot, corner waste generated during the subsequent processing of the produced ingot, etc. The sources of the copper-iron alloy intermediate and the copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy are not particularly limited, and commercially available products known to those skilled in the art or self-produced products can be used, for example, the copper-iron alloy intermediate can be selected from CuFe 10 , CuFe 20 , etc., and the copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy can be selected from CuP 14 , CuP 10 , etc. In step S1, the electrolytic copper and / or scrap, copper-iron alloy intermediate, and copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy are weighed according to a certain ratio and mixed thoroughly to ensure uniform distribution of the raw materials. Stirring equipment can be used during the mixing process to achieve thorough mixing of the raw materials. During the heating and melting process, the heating temperature and the heating rate can be reasonably controlled according to actual production needs to gradually melt the raw materials and form a uniform melt. The smelting equipment includes a smelting furnace, and a medium-frequency induction furnace with high heating uniformity can be selected.

[0027] In step S2, the composition of the melt is comprehensively detected and analyzed by spectroscopic analysis or the like, and when it is detected that the composition of the melt deviates from the set value, the corresponding raw material is added to the melt, which can ensure that the composition of the final ingot meets the requirements and thus ensures the product quality.

[0028] In step S3, the melt is transported to the heat preservation equipment for heat preservation. The purpose of heat preservation treatment of the melt is to ensure that all raw materials in the melt are melted and the temperature distribution inside the melt is uniform. Uniform temperature distribution is conducive to the smooth progress of the subsequent casting process and reduces defects such as cracking and substandard ingot composition caused by uneven temperature.

[0029] In step S4, the melt is cast into a crystallization device and subjected to a stop-and-pull casting process, i.e., a "pulling-stop-pulling-stop-..." operation, to obtain an ingot. This stop-and-pull casting method can improve the structure of the surface and the interior of the ingot and reduce phosphorus segregation. During the stop-and-pull casting process, reasonable control of the pulling speed and the pulling frequency can help ensure the uniformity of the structure and the stability of the performance of the ingot.

[0030] In step S4, the average casting speed during the stop-and-pull casting process is controlled in the range of 60 mm / min-80 mm / min, and the casting temperature is controlled in the range of 1150°C-1350°C, so as to control the filling and solidification process of the melt in the crystallizer, avoid the defects such as loose structure and pores in the ingot due to the fact that the melt cannot be fully solidified in time because of too fast casting speed, or the slag inclusion defect in the ingot due to the fact that the melt stays in the crystallizer for too long because of too slow casting speed. Controlling the casting temperature in the range of 1150°C-1350°C can help the melt have good fluidity, facilitate its filling of the crystallizer, and also help the melt form fine and uniform grain structure during the solidification process.

[0031] In one embodiment, in each action unit, the pulling time is controlled in the range of 1 s-5 s, and the stop time is 0.5 times-1.5 times the pulling time, i.e., 0.5 s-7.5 s. Through the reasonable design of the pulling time and the stop time, an appropriate cooling environment and crystallization condition can be created for the melt during the crystallization process, which not only helps to accurately control the crystallization process of the melt, but also inhibits the precipitation of phosphorus elements in the melt, thereby significantly improving the quality of the ingot. The specific mechanism is as follows: during the pulling process, the pulling speed is 2 times-3 times the traditional uniform casting speed, and such a high speed makes the melt almost unable to solidify in the crystallizer. During the stop process, the cooling speed of the melt in direct contact with the crystallizer rapidly increases to several times the traditional casting cooling speed, and the phosphorus elements in the melt have not yet precipitated, and the part of the melt in contact with the crystallizer has already rapidly solidified, thereby effectively avoiding the formation of segregation nodule defects on the surface of the ingot.

[0032] In one embodiment, in each action unit, the time length for increasing the pulling speed from zero to a value in the range of 100 mm / min-150 mm / min accounts for 0.01-0.5 of the total time length of the pulling, so as to ensure the quick start and stability of the pulling process, i.e. the pulling process includes an acceleration pulling stage and a uniform pulling stage, the acceleration pulling stage is the process of increasing the pulling speed from zero to a preset value, and the preset value is controlled in the range of 100 mm / min-150 mm / min, and the uniform pulling stage is the process of pulling at the preset value. Similarly, in the stopping process, the time length for reducing the pulling speed to zero accounts for 0.05-0.6 of the total time length of the stopping, so as to avoid the quality problems of the ingot caused by the slow change of the speed, such as cracks, porosity and other defects. This speed change mode can also make the ingot better adapt to the stress change and reduce the generation of internal cracks and other defects.

[0033] In one embodiment, in the whole pulling and stopping casting process, according to the fluidity and crystallization characteristics of the melt, the pulling speed in the multiple continuous cycle action units can be set to gradually increase, i.e. the preset value of the pulling speed in the next action unit is higher than that in the previous unit. In other embodiments, the pulling speed in the multiple continuous cycle action units can be set to gradually increase first and then gradually decrease, or the pulling speed in the multiple continuous cycle action units can be set to the same value, etc. By reasonably designing the preset values of the pulling speed in the multiple continuous cycle action units, the microstructure of the ingot can be further optimized, so as to reduce the defects in the casting process, ensure the uniformity of the ingot quality, and improve the overall performance of the ingot.

[0034] In one embodiment, in the whole pulling and stopping casting process, the repetition frequency of the action unit can be set to gradually increase first and then keep constant when reaching the maximum value, so as to improve the casting efficiency and quality. In other embodiments, the repetition frequency of the action unit can be set to always keep a certain value or gradually increase first and then gradually decrease, etc. By reasonably designing the repetition frequency of the action unit, the melt can obtain more stable conditions in the crystallization process, and the problems such as uneven microstructure, rough surface and quality of the ingot caused by the large change of the frequency can be reduced.

[0035] The application also provides an ingot, which comprises, by weight percentage, 0.05%-0.14% Fe, 0.025%-0.040% P and the balance copper. The ingot is produced by the production method in any one of the above embodiments.

[0036] The application also provides an ingot production device, which comprises Figure 1As shown, in an embodiment, the device comprises a smelting system, a holding and casting system and a crystallization and pulling driving system. The smelting system is used for heating and melting raw materials to form a melt. The smelting system comprises a medium-frequency induction furnace system and a tilting furnace system 1. The raw materials required for producing the ingot are first heated and melted by the medium-frequency induction furnace system to form a melt, which is then transported to the tilting furnace system 1 for transmission to the subsequent system. The holding and casting system comprises a holding furnace 2 and a casting box 3. The holding furnace 2 comprises an upper furnace body and a medium-frequency coreless furnace lower furnace body. The holding and casting system moves to the output end of the smelting system through a walking track and is connected to the output end of the smelting system, which is used for holding treatment of the melt and transmitting the melt to the subsequent equipment. The crystallization and pulling driving system is used for pulling and stopping casting treatment of the melt to form an ingot. The crystallization and pulling driving system comprises a vertical crystallizer 4 and a driving assembly 5. The vertical crystallizer 4 comprises a crystallizer body 41 and a base 42. The crystallizer body 41 is provided with a cooling water circulation system and is connected to the output end of the holding and casting system. The driving assembly 5 comprises a slider 51 that can move vertically reciprocally. The slider 51 is fixedly connected to the base 42, so that the driving assembly 5 can drive the base 42 to move vertically downward to realize pulling and stopping casting. When the device is used to produce an ingot, the pressure of the cooling water in the cooling water circulation system of the vertical crystallizer is controlled within the range of 0.3-0.5 MPa, so as to ensure that the cooling water can effectively take away the heat of the melt 7, so that the melt is uniformly crystallized to form an ingot 8, and the formed ingot 8 is quickly and uniformly cooled, thereby improving the quality and performance of the ingot 8.

[0037] In the embodiment, the heating mode of the tilting furnace system 1 in the smelting system is also electric heating. In other embodiments, the heating mode of the tilting furnace system 1 can also be gas heating, etc. The medium-frequency induction furnace system and the tilting furnace system 1 can be provided with a stirring device for stirring the raw materials during smelting to make the raw materials fully mixed and melted. The tilting furnace system 1 can also be provided with an automatic feeding device to realize automatic addition of raw materials and improve production efficiency and automation degree.

[0038] In the embodiment, the driving assembly 5 further comprises a matched servo motor and a lead screw. The slider 51 is sleeved on the lead screw and moves vertically downward under the action of the servo motor to drive the base to move vertically downward to realize pulling and stopping casting and complete the pulling and stopping casting process. In other embodiments, the driving assembly 5 can also select other assemblies that can realize vertical downward pulling and stopping of the base and meet the requirements of pulling and stopping casting, for example, the driving assembly comprises a hydraulic cylinder, and the slider is arranged at the output end of the hydraulic cylinder to drive the vertical downward pulling and stopping of the base through the hydraulic cylinder.

[0039] As shown in the drawing, Figure 2As shown, in the present embodiment, the holding furnace 2 is arranged on the rack 9, has good heat preservation performance and temperature uniformity, the melt 7 in the tilting system 1 is poured into the holding furnace 2, the heat preservation treatment is carried out in the holding furnace 2, the melt 7 after the holding furnace 2 is conveyed to the casting box 3, and is poured into the subsequent vertical crystallizer 4 through the casting box 3. The casting control system 31 is further arranged on the casting box 3, which is used to control the pouring speed of the melt, so as to ensure the quality of the ingot. In other embodiments, the holding furnace 2 can be provided with an intelligent temperature control system, so as to automatically adjust the heating power according to the actual temperature of the melt, and realize accurate temperature control. In addition to controlling the flow rate of the melt, the casting control system on the casting box 3 can also increase the flow monitoring function, real-time monitor the flow of the melt, and feed back the data to the control system, so as to timely adjust the casting parameters. In addition, the casting box 3 can also be provided with a filtering device to filter the melt and remove impurities therein, thereby improving the quality of the ingot.

[0040] In the present embodiment, the vertical crystallizer is further provided with a protective cover 6, which can isolate the contact between the melt in the crystallizer and the air by adjusting the pressure in the protective cover 6 to a slight positive pressure, i.e. in the range of 8 Pa-20 Pa, or replacing the atmosphere in the protective cover 6 with inert gas, thereby avoiding the oxidation of the copper liquid. At the same time, the protective cover 6 can also play a certain heat preservation role. In addition, compared with the use of carbon black as a covering agent in the traditional production process of ingots to prevent the oxidation of the copper liquid, the protective cover 6 arranged on the crystallizer in the present embodiment can significantly improve the working environment and avoid the phenomenon that the working environment becomes dirty and messy due to the floating of carbon black.

[0041] Embodiment 1 S1, weigh 500 Kg of electrolytic copper, 10 Kg of copper-iron intermediate (CuFe 10 ) and 10 Kg of copper-phosphorus intermediate alloy (CuP 10 ), mix the weighed raw materials uniformly, then heat to 1200℃, melt all of them to form a melt; S2, detect and analyze the composition of the melt by spectral analysis method, when the composition of the melt deviates from the set value, add raw materials to the melt, so that the composition of the melt reaches 0.11% Fe, 0.033% P and the rest copper by weight percentage; S3, transfer the melt with the set composition to the holding furnace for heat preservation treatment, heat preservation at 1200±30℃ for 0.5h, so as to ensure that all the raw materials in the melt are melted, and the temperature distribution in the melt is uniform; S4, the melt after heat preservation is poured into a vertical crystallizer, and the melt after heat preservation is subjected to a stop-casting treatment, in which the casting temperature is set to 1200°C, and the pressure of the cooling water is set to 0.4 MPa. In each action unit, the preset value of the pulling speed is set to 140 mm / min, the pulling time is 3 s, and the stop-casting time is 3 s; at this time, the repetition frequency of the action unit is 10 times / min. In the pulling process, the pulling speed is set to increase from zero to 140 mm / min within 0.3 s, and in the stop-casting process, the pulling speed is set to decrease to zero within 0.3 s; after the stop-casting treatment is completed, a ingot with a length of 8000 mm is obtained.

[0042] Example 2 The difference between this example and Example 1 is that in the stop-casting treatment process, the preset value of the pulling speed in the multiple continuous cycle action units is gradually increased, that is, the preset value of the pulling speed in the first action unit is set to 100 mm / min, the preset value of the pulling speed in the second action unit is set to 100.5 mm / min, the preset value of the pulling speed in the third action unit is set to 101 mm / min, and so on, and when the preset value of the pulling speed increases to 150 mm / min, the preset value of the pulling speed in the subsequent action units remains 150 mm / min. In each action unit, the pulling time is 2 s, and the stop-casting time is 2 s, At this time, the repetition frequency of the action unit is 15 times / min. In the pulling process of each action unit, the pulling speed is set to increase from zero to 140 mm / min within 0.3 s, and in the stop-casting process, the pulling speed is set to decrease to zero within 0.3 s. Finally, a ingot with a length of 8000 mm is obtained.

[0043] Example 3 The difference between this example and Example 1 is that in each action unit, the preset value of the pulling speed is set to 115 mm / min. In the entire stop-casting treatment process, the repetition frequency of the action unit is first gradually increased, and when it reaches 30 times / min, the stop-casting treatment is performed at a constant frequency, that is, the set values of the pulling time and the stop-casting time in the multiple continuous cycle action units are gradually reduced, and when the repetition frequency of the action unit reaches 30 times / min, the pulling time and the stop-casting time in the subsequent action units remain the values.

[0044] Specifically, in the pulling and stopping casting process, the setting of the pulling time length in the first action unit is 5.5 s, and the setting of the stopping time length is 4.5 s; the setting of the pulling time length in the second action unit is 5.45 s, and the setting of the stopping time length is 4.45 s; the setting of the pulling time length in the third action unit is 5.4 s, and the setting of the stopping time length is 4.4 s, and so on. When the setting of the pulling time length in the nth action unit is 1.5 s, and the setting of the stopping time length is 0.5 s, the repetition frequency of the action unit is 30 times / min. The pulling time length in the subsequent action unit is set to 1.5 s, and the stopping time length is set to 0.5 s. Finally, a ingot with a length of 8000 mm is obtained.

[0045] Comparative Example 1 The difference between the present comparative example and Example 1 is that in step S4, the melt after heat preservation is poured into a vertical crystallizer for casting treatment. In the casting treatment process, the speed is always pulled down at 60 mm / min. After the casting treatment is completed, a ingot with a length of 8000 mm is obtained.

[0046] Comparing the ingots obtained in Examples 1-3 with the ingot obtained in Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that the ingots obtained in Examples 1-3 have smooth and flat surfaces and do not have the defect of segregation nodule, while the ingot obtained in Comparative Example 1 has obvious segregation nodule on the surface, which seriously affects the appearance and quality of the ingot. To further verify the stability and reliability of the pulling and stopping casting process provided by the present application, Examples 1-3 are repeated 100 times respectively, 100 batches of ingots are obtained, and the 100 batches of ingots are detected. The detection results show that the surfaces of the 100 batches of ingots do not have the defect of segregation nodule, only a few ingots have extremely small and almost negligible abnormality, and there is basically no segregation nodule problem as a whole. Therefore, the pulling and stopping casting process provided by the present application can effectively solve the problem of segregation nodule defect on the surface of the ingot caused by the precipitation of phosphorus, and can provide reliable technical support for the high-quality production of ingots. The production method provided by the present application is suitable for producing ingots of C19210 and the like.

[0047] The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined in any manner. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described, and as long as the combinations of the technical features do not exist, they should be considered as the scope of the present disclosure.

[0048] The above embodiments only express several implementation manners of the present application, and the description is more specific and detailed, but it should not be understood as a limitation on the scope of the patent. It should be noted that for ordinary skilled persons in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, several modifications and improvements can be made, which are within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present application should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method of producing an ingot, characterized by, The application relates to a production method of a copper ingot. The raw materials are mixed and heated to form a melt; the raw materials include electrolytic copper and / or old materials, copper-iron alloy intermediates and copper-phosphorus intermediate alloys; The components of the melt are detected and analyzed, and when the components of the melt deviate from the corresponding set values, corresponding raw materials are added to the melt to make the components of the melt reach the set values; The melt with the components reaching the set values is subjected to heat preservation treatment to ensure that all the raw materials in the melt are melted and the temperature distribution in the melt is uniform; The melt after heat preservation is subjected to a draw-stop casting treatment, and the draw-stop casting treatment includes a plurality of action units which are sequentially executed; each action unit includes sequentially executed vertical downward drawing and stop casting; in each action unit, the drawing speed is controlled to be 100-150 mm / min; and the repetition frequency of the action units is controlled to be 5-30 times / min during the whole draw-stop casting treatment. The copper ingot is obtained after the draw-stop casting treatment is completed.

2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein In each action unit, the drawing duration is controlled to be within the range of 1 s-5 s, and the stop casting duration is 0.5-1.5 times of the drawing duration.

3. The production method according to claim 2, wherein In each action unit, the drawing process includes an accelerated drawing stage, the drawing speed of the accelerated drawing stage is increased from zero to a preset drawing speed, the preset drawing speed is any value within the range of 100 mm / min-150 mm / min, and the duration of the accelerated drawing stage accounts for 0.01-0.5 times of the drawing duration. In the stop casting process, the duration for reducing the drawing speed to zero accounts for 0.05-0.6 times of the stop casting duration.

4. The production method according to claim 3, wherein During the whole draw-stop casting treatment, the preset drawing speed of the action units which are sequentially executed is gradually increased.

5. The production method according to claim 2, wherein During the whole draw-stop casting treatment, the repetition frequency of the action units is gradually increased first, and then the draw-stop casting treatment is performed at a constant frequency when the repetition frequency reaches 30 times / min.

6. The production method according to claim 2, wherein During the draw-stop casting treatment, the average casting speed is controlled to be within the range of 60 mm / min-80 mm / min, and the casting temperature is controlled to be within the range of 1150 DEG C.-1350 DEG C.

7. An ingot, characterized by, The copper ingot contains 0.05%-0.14% Fe, 0.025%-0.040% P and the balance of copper in percentage by weight. The copper ingot is produced by the production method in any one of claims 1-6.

8. An ingot production apparatus for producing the ingot according to claim 8, characterized by The application relates to a production method of a copper ingot. A smelting system is used for heating and melting raw materials of the copper ingot to form a melt; A heat preservation and casting system is connected with the smelting system and is used for heat preservation and transmission of the melt; The crystallization and pulling system for the melt to be pulled and stopped casting to form ingot, comprising a vertical crystallizer with a protective cover for isolating the melt from air, a base and a cooling water circulation system on the crystallizer body, and an output end connected with the heat preservation casting system; the driving assembly comprises a slider reciprocally movable in vertical direction, fixedly connected with the base, and driving the base to move vertically downward to pull and stop, so as to pull and stop the casting.

9. The ingot production apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein The driving assembly comprises a servo motor and a screw, and the slider is arranged on the screw to slide along the screw, and the slider is fixedly connected with the base as the output end of the driving assembly.

10. The ingot production apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein The heat preservation casting system comprises a heat preservation furnace and a casting box connected with each other, and the casting box is provided with a casting control system for controlling the casting speed of the melt.

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