Dust suppressant and method of making same

Abstract

The application discloses a dust inhibitor and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of environmental management materials. The dust inhibitor comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of polyacrylamide, 4-6 parts of polyethylene glycol, 5-8 parts of a wetting agent, 4-6 parts of a moisturizing agent, 0.4-0.6 parts of a pH buffer, 0.1-0.3 parts of sodium benzoate and 70-80 parts of deionized water. The dust inhibitor prepared by the method has excellent dust inhibition efficiency and water retention performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of environmental remediation materials technology, specifically to a dust suppressant and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Dust is one of the most significant hazardous substances generated during coal mining. Large amounts of coal dust particles are produced during mining, transportation, processing, and utilization. The continuous accumulation, diffusion, and secondary re-entrainment of dust not only severely impact normal work but also seriously endanger the health and safety of workers. While traditional water spraying for dust suppression is simple, the high surface tension of water and the hydrophobic nature of coal result in poor wetting of coal dust, leading to high water consumption and low dust suppression efficiency. To address issues such as low wetting efficiency, difficulty in dust agglomeration, and unstable surface film formation, the development of chemical dust suppressants based on polymer materials and multifunctional additives has become an industry trend. Currently, although various dust control technologies and products have been developed, they still face problems such as poor dust suppression effects and insufficient water retention. Therefore, developing a highly efficient dust suppressant is of great significance for improving the production environment, protecting the health of workers, and increasing production efficiency.

[0003] Chinese invention patent application CN113717692A discloses the application of graphene with a special structure in the preparation of coal mine dust suppressants. The graphene with the special structure is prepared by mechanically exfoliating flake graphite after oxidizing and intercalating it with sulfuric acid and potassium permanganate. This invention adds specially treated graphene to the dust suppressant. Because some of the graphene has a structure similar to coal dust, it can adsorb and then settle fine coal dust particles. However, its dust suppression efficiency still needs improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a dust suppressant.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A dust suppressant comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0007] Polyacrylamide 10-15 parts, polyethylene glycol 4-6 parts, wetting agent 5-8 parts, humectant 4-6 parts, pH buffer 0.4-0.6 parts, sodium benzoate 0.1-0.3 parts, deionized water 70-80 parts;

[0008] The wetting agent is prepared by the following method:

[0009] S1: The reaction of 3-pentadecanylphenol with epichlorohydrin yields intermediate 1, and the reaction equation is shown below:

[0010]

[0011] S2: Intermediate 1 reacts with tetraethylene glycol monomethyl ether to give intermediate 2, and the reaction equation is shown below:

[0012]

[0013] S3: Intermediate 2 reacts with itaconic anhydride to give intermediate 3, and the reaction equation is shown below:

[0014]

[0015] S4: Intermediate 3 reacts with sodium bisulfite to yield a wetting agent. The reaction equation is shown below:

[0016]

[0017] In step S1, the molar ratio of 3-pentadecanylphenol to epichlorohydrin is 1:(1.1-1.2).

[0018] In step S2, the molar ratio of intermediate 1 to tetraethylene glycol monomethyl ether is 1:(1.05-1.1).

[0019] In step S3, the molar ratio of intermediate 2 to itaconic anhydride is 1:(1.05-1.15).

[0020] In step S4, the molar ratio of intermediate 3 to sodium bisulfite is 1:(1.2-1.3).

[0021] The humectant is prepared by the following method:

[0022] N1: p-Aminobenzoic acid reacts with gluconolactone to form an amide compound, and the reaction equation is shown below:

[0023]

[0024] N2: Amide compounds react with pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether to form a humectant. The reaction equation is shown below:

[0025]

[0026] In step N1, the molar ratio of p-aminobenzoic acid to gluconolactone is 1:1.05.

[0027] In step N2, the molar ratio of the amide compound to pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether is 4.1:1.

[0028] The pH buffer is a mixture of sodium citrate and citric acid.

[0029] A method for preparing a dust suppressant includes the following steps:

[0030] (1) Weigh out the following by weight: 10-15 parts polyacrylamide, 4-6 parts polyethylene glycol, 5-8 parts wetting agent, 4-6 parts humectant, 0.4-0.6 parts pH buffer, 0.1-0.3 parts sodium benzoate, and 70-80 parts deionized water;

[0031] (2) Mix deionized water, polyacrylamide and polyethylene glycol, heat and stir, then cool; add wetting agent, humectant, pH buffer and sodium benzoate and stir until well mixed to obtain dust suppressant.

[0032] Due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present invention include:

[0033] The dust suppressant provided by this invention has excellent dust suppression and water retention properties. This is because the wetting agent added to the components forms a continuous film through hydrophobic interaction and π-π stacking, while the ether bond, carboxylate group, and sulfonate group synergistically enhance the surface hydrophilicity and form a dense water film, making it difficult for dust to be re-emitted and significantly reducing the wind erosion rate. The humectant added to the components locks in water by constructing a stable hydrogen bond network, making it difficult for the surface moisture of the coal to evaporate, thereby improving the moisturizing performance. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 The 1H NMR spectrum of the wetting agent prepared in step S4 of Example 1;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a high-resolution mass spectrum of the wetting agent prepared in step S4 of Example 1;

[0036] Figure 3 The 1H NMR spectrum of the humectant prepared by step N2 in Example 4;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a high-resolution mass spectrum of the humectant prepared in step N2 of Example 4. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The following description, in conjunction with specific embodiments, provides further details, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0039] Example 1: Preparation of wetting agent:

[0040] S1: Under nitrogen protection, 250 ml of toluene and 0.1 mol of 3-pentadecanylphenol were added to a reaction vessel and stirred until homogeneous. The mixture was heated to 50 °C, and 5 mmol of boron trifluoride diethyl ether was added. Then, 0.11 mol of epichlorohydrin was added dropwise over 30 min. The reaction was allowed to proceed for 6 h. The temperature was lowered to 40 °C, and 120 ml of 1 M NaOH solution was added dropwise over 50 min. The reaction was allowed to proceed for 4 h. The mixture was separated and washed with deionized water (3 × 80 ml). The mixture was distilled under reduced pressure at 65 °C for 1 h. 250 ml of anhydrous diethyl ether was added and stirred to precipitate the precipitate. The precipitate was filtered and dried under vacuum at 40 °C for 8 h to obtain intermediate 1. Its 1H NMR data are as follows: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO- d 6) δ 7.18 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (dd, J = 7.8, 2.0, 1H), 6.82 (dd, J = 8.0, 1.9, 1H), 6.68 (tt, J = 1.9, 1.0Hz, 1H), 4.19 - 4.03 (m, 2H), 3.74 (p, J = 3.0 Hz, 1H), 3.01 (dd, J = 5.0,2.8 Hz, 1H), 2.88 (dd, J = 4.9, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 2.66 - 2.57 (m, 2H), 1.63 - 1.51(m, 2H), 1.37 - 1.23 (m, 24H), 0.95 - 0.84 (m, 3H); HRMS (m / z): 361.3017[M+H] + ;

[0041] S2: 400 ml toluene and 0.105 mol tetraethylene glycol monomethyl ether were added to a reaction vessel and stirred until well mixed. The mixture was heated to 50 °C, and 5 mmol boron trifluoride diethyl ether was added. Then, 200 ml of a toluene solution containing 0.1 mol intermediate 1 was added dropwise over 1 hour. The reaction was allowed to proceed for 7 hours, and then cooled to room temperature. The mixture was washed successively with 100 ml saturated sodium bicarbonate and 2 × 100 ml deionized water. The mixture was then distilled under reduced pressure at 60 °C for 1 hour to obtain intermediate 2. Its 1H NMR data are as follows: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO- d6) δ 7.18 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (dd, J = 7.9, 2.1, 1H), 6.82 (dd, J = 8.0, 1.9, 1H), 6.68 (tt, J =1.9, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 4.63 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.03 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.99 -3.87 (m, 1H), 3.71 - 3.64 (m, 2H), 3.62-3.51 (m, 15H), 3.46 (dd, J = 11.8,5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 2.62 (tt, J = 8.1, 0.9 Hz, 2H), 1.63 - 1.51 (m,2H), 1.39 - 1.22 (m, 24H), 0.94 - 0.84 (m, 3H); HRMS (m / z): 569.4352[M+H] + ;

[0042] S3: 500 ml DMF, 0.1 mol intermediate 2, and 5 mmol 4-dimethylaminopyridine were added to a reaction vessel and stirred until well mixed. 0.105 mol itaconic anhydride was added, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 24 h. 800 ml diethyl ether was added and stirred to precipitate the precipitate. The precipitate was washed with diethyl ether (2 × 50 ml) and dried under vacuum at 50 °C for 8 h to obtain intermediate 3. Its 1H NMR data are as follows: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO- d6) δ 12.55 (s, 1H), 7.18 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (dd, J = 7.8, 2.0,1H), 6.82 (dd, J = 8.1, 1.9, 1H), 6.66 (tt, J = 1.9, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 5.58 - 5.50(m, 2H), 4.87 (p, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (dd, J = 5.5, 0.7 Hz, 2H), 3.82 -3.65 (m, 6H), 3.60-3.54 (m, 12H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.15 (d, J = 1.3 Hz, 2H),2.62 (tt, J = 8.1, 0.9 Hz, 2H), 1.63 - 1.51 (m, 2H), 1.39 - 1.22 (m, 24H),0.93 - 0.84 (m, 3H); HRMS (m / z): 681.4487[M+H] + ;

[0043] S4: Add 400 ml toluene, 100 ml deionized water, 0.1 mol intermediate 3, and 1 g hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide to a reaction vessel, stir and mix well, add 0.12 mol sodium bisulfite, heat to 80℃, react for 5 h, cool to room temperature, adjust pH to 7 using 10 wt% NaOH solution, distill under reduced pressure at 60℃ for 2 h, add 400 ml anhydrous ethanol, stir and mix well, filter, slowly pour the filtrate into 400 ml ethyl acetate, stir to precipitate, filter, and dry under vacuum at 50℃ for 12 h to obtain the wetting agent. Its 1H NMR spectrum is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the data is as follows: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO- d6) δ 7.18 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (dd, J = 7.8, 2.0,1H), 6.82 (dd, J = 8.1, 1.9, 1H), 6.66 (tt, J = 1.9,1.0 Hz, 1H), 4.87 (p, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (dd, J = 5.5, 0.9 Hz, 2H), 3.81 -3.64 (m, 6H), 3.63-3.42 (m, 15H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 2.87 - 2.69 (m, 2H), 2.66 -2.57 (m, 2H), 1.63 - 1.51 (m, 2H), 1.37 - 1.17 (m, 24H), 0.95 - 0.84 (m, 3H); its high-resolution mass spectrum is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, HRMS (m / z): 762.4061 [M-2Na+H] - .

[0044] Example 2: Preparation of wetting agent:

[0045] S1: Under nitrogen protection, 250 ml of toluene and 0.1 mol of 3-pentadecanylphenol were added to a reaction vessel and stirred until homogeneous. The mixture was heated to 55 °C, and 5 mmol of boron trifluoride diethyl ether was added. Then, 0.115 mol of epichlorohydrin was added dropwise over 30 min. The reaction was allowed to proceed for 5.5 h. The mixture was then cooled to 40 °C, and 120 ml of 1 M NaOH solution was added dropwise over 50 min. The reaction was allowed to proceed for 4 h. The mixture was separated and washed with deionized water (3 × 80 ml). The mixture was then distilled under reduced pressure at 65 °C for 1 h. 250 ml of anhydrous diethyl ether was added and stirred to precipitate the precipitate. The precipitate was filtered and dried under vacuum at 40 °C for 8 h to obtain intermediate 1.

[0046] S2: Add 400 ml toluene and 0.108 mol tetraethylene glycol monomethyl ether to a reaction vessel, stir and mix well, heat to 55 °C, add 5 mmol boron trifluoride diethyl ether, and dropwise add 200 ml of toluene solution containing 0.1 mol intermediate 1. The addition is completed in 1 h, and the reaction is carried out for 6.5 h. Cool to room temperature, wash successively with 100 ml saturated sodium bicarbonate and deionized water (2 × 100 ml), and distill under reduced pressure at 60 °C for 1 h to obtain intermediate 2;

[0047] S3: Add 500 ml DMF, 0.1 mol intermediate 2, and 5 mmol 4-dimethylaminopyridine to a reaction vessel, stir and mix well, add 0.11 mol itaconic anhydride, react at room temperature for 24 h, add 800 ml diethyl ether and stir to precipitate, wash with diethyl ether (2 × 50 ml), and dry under vacuum at 50 °C for 8 h to obtain intermediate 3;

[0048] S4: Add 400 ml toluene, 100 ml deionized water, 0.1 mol intermediate 3, and 1 g hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide to a reaction vessel, stir and mix well. Add 0.125 mol sodium bisulfite, heat to 85°C, and react for 4.5 h. Cool to room temperature, adjust the pH to 7 using 10 wt% NaOH solution, distill under reduced pressure at 60°C for 2 h, add 400 ml anhydrous ethanol, stir and mix well, filter, slowly pour the filtrate into 400 ml ethyl acetate, stir to precipitate, filter, and dry under vacuum at 50°C for 12 h to obtain the wetting agent. (In this reaction, the carbon-carbon double bond in intermediate 3 undergoes a sulfonation reaction.)

[0049] Example 3: Preparation of wetting agent:

[0050] S1: Under nitrogen protection, 250 ml of toluene and 0.1 mol of 3-pentadecanylphenol were added to a reaction vessel and stirred until homogeneous. The mixture was heated to 60 °C, and 5 mmol of boron trifluoride diethyl ether was added. Then, 0.12 mol of epichlorohydrin was added dropwise over 30 min. The reaction was allowed to proceed for 5 h. The mixture was then cooled to 40 °C, and 120 ml of 1 M NaOH solution was added dropwise over 50 min. The reaction was allowed to proceed for 4 h. The mixture was separated and washed with deionized water (3 × 80 ml). The mixture was then distilled under reduced pressure at 65 °C for 1 h. 250 ml of anhydrous diethyl ether was added and stirred to precipitate the precipitate. The precipitate was filtered and dried under vacuum at 40 °C for 8 h to obtain intermediate 1.

[0051] S2: Add 400 ml toluene and 0.11 mol tetraethylene glycol monomethyl ether to a reaction vessel, stir and mix well, heat to 60 °C, add 5 mmol boron trifluoride diethyl ether, and add 200 ml of toluene solution containing 0.1 mol intermediate 1 dropwise. The addition is completed in 1 h, and the reaction is carried out for 6 h. Cool to room temperature, wash successively with 100 ml saturated sodium bicarbonate and deionized water (2 × 100 ml), and distill under reduced pressure at 60 °C for 1 h to obtain intermediate 2;

[0052] S3: Add 500 ml DMF, 0.1 mol intermediate 2, and 5 mmol 4-dimethylaminopyridine to a reaction vessel, stir and mix well, add 0.115 mol itaconic anhydride, react at room temperature for 24 h, add 800 ml diethyl ether and stir to precipitate, wash with diethyl ether (2 × 50 ml), and dry under vacuum at 50 °C for 8 h to obtain intermediate 3;

[0053] S4: Add 400ml toluene, 100ml deionized water, 0.1mol intermediate 3, and 1g hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide to a reaction vessel, stir and mix well, add 0.13mol sodium bisulfite, heat to 90℃, react for 4h, cool to room temperature, adjust pH to 7 with 10wt% NaOH solution, distill under reduced pressure at 60℃ for 2h, add 400ml anhydrous ethanol, stir and mix well, filter, slowly pour the filtrate into 400ml ethyl acetate, stir to precipitate, filter, and vacuum dry at 50℃ for 12h to obtain the wetting agent.

[0054] Example 4: Preparation of the moisturizer:

[0055] N1: 200 ml DMF, 0.1 mol p-aminobenzoic acid, 0.105 mol gluconolactone, and 5 mmol triethylamine were added to a reaction vessel and stirred at room temperature for 24 h. 450 ml diethyl ether was added and stirred to precipitate the precipitate. The precipitate was filtered and washed with a mixture of diethyl ether and anhydrous ethanol (volume ratio of diethyl ether to anhydrous ethanol 3:1) (2 × 50 ml). The precipitate was dried under vacuum at 50 °C for 8 h to obtain the amide compound. Its 1H NMR spectrum is as follows: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO- d 6) δ 12.16 (s, 1H), 9.46 (s, 1H), 8.02 - 7.94 (m, 2H), 7.75 - 7.67 (m, 2H), 5.39 (d, J = 4.9 Hz, 1H), 4.74 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.35 (t, J = 5.4 Hz, 2H), 4.18 (dd, J = 8.1, 4.9Hz, 1H), 4.09 - 3.99 (m, 2H), 3.78 - 3.64 (m, 2H), 3.60 - 3.50 (m, 2H); HRMS(m / z): 316.0962[M+H] + (In this reaction, the amino group in p-aminobenzoic acid undergoes a ring-opening reaction with gluconolactone.)

[0056] N2: 150 ml toluene, 0.041 mol of the amide compound, 0.01 mol of pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether, and 0.4 g of tetrabutylammonium bromide were added to a reaction vessel, stirred and mixed, heated to reflux, and reacted for 6 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was washed successively with 50 ml of 5 wt% sodium bicarbonate solution and saturated brine (2 × 50 ml). The mixture was then distilled under reduced pressure at 65 °C for 2 hours to obtain the humectant. Its 1H NMR spectrum is shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the data is as follows: 1 H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO- d6) δ 9.45 (s, 4H), 7.96 - 7.88 (m, 8H), 7.79 - 7.71 (m, 8H), 5.39 (d, J = 4.9 Hz, 4H), 4.74 (d, J = 5.6 Hz, 4H), 4.67 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 4H), 4.35 (t, J = 5.4 Hz, 8H), 4.29 - 4.15 (m, 12H), 4.09 - 3.96 (m, 12H), 3.78 - 3.63 (m, 8H), 3.61 - 3.46 (m, 24H); its high-resolution mass spectrum is shown below. Figure 4 As shown, HRMS (m / z): 1621.5618 [M+H] + (In this reaction, the carboxyl group in the amide compound undergoes a ring-opening reaction with the epoxy of pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether.)

[0057] Example 5: Preparation of dust suppressant:

[0058] (1) Weigh out: 100g of polyacrylamide, 40g of polyethylene glycol, 50g of wetting agent (prepared in Example 1), 40g of humectant (prepared in Example 4), 4g of pH buffer (2g of citric acid and 2g of sodium citrate), 1g of sodium benzoate, and 700g of deionized water.

[0059] (2) Mix deionized water, polyacrylamide and polyethylene glycol, stir at 40°C and 500 rpm for 20 min, and let it cool naturally to room temperature; add wetting agent, humectant, pH buffer and sodium benzoate and continue stirring for 20 min to obtain dust suppressant.

[0060] Example 6 Preparation of dust suppressant:

[0061] (1) Weigh out: 130g of polyacrylamide, 50g of polyethylene glycol, 60g of wetting agent (prepared in Example 2), 50g of humectant (prepared in Example 4), 5g of pH buffer (2g of citric acid and 3g of sodium citrate), 2g of sodium benzoate, and 780g of deionized water.

[0062] (2) Mix deionized water, polyacrylamide and polyethylene glycol, stir at 40°C and 500 rpm for 20 min, and let it cool naturally to room temperature; add wetting agent, humectant, pH buffer and sodium benzoate and continue stirring for 20 min to obtain dust suppressant.

[0063] Example 7 Preparation of dust suppressant:

[0064] (1) Weigh out: 150g of polyacrylamide, 60g of polyethylene glycol, 80g of wetting agent (prepared in Example 3), 60g of humectant (prepared in Example 4), 6g of pH buffer (3g of citric acid and 3g of sodium citrate), 3g of sodium benzoate, and 800g of deionized water.

[0065] (2) Mix deionized water, polyacrylamide and polyethylene glycol, stir at 40°C and 500 rpm for 20 min, and let it cool naturally to room temperature; add wetting agent, humectant, pH buffer and sodium benzoate and continue stirring for 20 min to obtain dust suppressant.

[0066] Comparative Example 1

[0067] The raw material composition and preparation method of the dust suppressant are basically the same as in Example 6, except that the wetting agent is replaced with an equal weight of the wetting agent prepared by the following method:

[0068] The preparation method of the wetting agent is basically the same as that in Example 2, except that 3-pentadecanylphenol in step S1 is replaced with an equimolar amount of 1-pentadecanol.

[0069] Comparative Example 2

[0070] The raw material composition and preparation method of the dust suppressant are basically the same as those in Example 6, except that the wetting agent is replaced with an equal weight of the wetting agent prepared by the following method:

[0071] The preparation method of the wetting agent is basically the same as that in Example 2, except that the tetraethylene glycol monomethyl ether in step S2 is replaced with an equimolar amount of 1-tridecyl alcohol.

[0072] Comparative Example 3

[0073] The raw material composition and preparation method of the dust suppressant are basically the same as those in Example 6, except that the wetting agent is replaced with an equal weight of intermediate 3 (prepared in step S3 of Example 2).

[0074] Comparative Example 4

[0075] The raw material composition and preparation method of the dust suppressant are basically the same as in Example 6, except that the humectant is replaced with an equal weight of the humectant prepared by the following method:

[0076] The preparation method of the moisturizer is basically the same as that in Example 4, except that the gluconolactone in step N1 is replaced with an equimolar amount of 1,4-butyrolactone.

[0077] Comparative Example 5

[0078] The raw material composition and preparation method of the dust suppressant are basically the same as in Example 6, except that the humectant is replaced with an equal weight of the humectant prepared by the following method:

[0079] The preparation method of the moisturizer is basically the same as that in Example 4, except that the para-aminobenzoic acid in step N1 is replaced with an equimolar amount of glycine.

[0080] Comparative Example 6

[0081] The raw material composition and preparation method of the dust suppressant are basically the same as in Example 6, except that the humectant is replaced with an equal weight of the humectant prepared by the following method:

[0082] The preparation method of the moisturizer is basically the same as that in Example 4, except that the pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether in step N2 is replaced with 0.021 mol of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether.

[0083] The polyacrylamide used in the embodiments and comparative examples of this application is designated Agefloc® 4145.

[0084] The dust suppressants prepared in Examples 5-7 and Comparative Examples 1-6 of this application were tested for dust suppression performance and water retention performance.

[0085] The coal sample used in the test was a medium-grade bituminous coal with a moisture content of 6.52 wt%, ash content of 27.16 wt%, volatile matter of 12.04 wt%, and fixed carbon of 54.25 wt%. It was produced by Shaanxi Coal Group Shenmu Zhangjiamao Mining Co., Ltd. Before use, it was crushed and screened to obtain a 10-30 mesh dust sample. Then, it was placed in a forced-air drying oven and dried at 105℃ for 12 hours before testing.

[0086] Dust suppression performance test: The wind erosion rate was tested according to the method of Type I dust suppressant in TB / T 3210.1-2020 standard 7.5.2.1 (spraying amount 1.5L / m²). 2 ( ), which serves as an indicator for measuring the dust suppression effect of dust suppressants.

[0087] Water retention performance test: Take 20g of dust sample and place it in a 90mm diameter petri dish, spread it evenly, spray 5ml of dust suppressant evenly on the dust sample, and let it stand for 20min; place the petri dish sprayed with dust suppressant in a forced-air drying oven at 40℃, take it out after 2h, weigh it and record the data, and calculate the evaporation resistance rate according to the following formula:

[0088]

[0089] Where m0 is the mass of the petri dish, and m1 and m2 are the total weights of the coal sample and the petri dish before and after evaporation, respectively.

[0090] Table 1 Performance Test Table

[0091]

[0092] As can be seen from the data in Examples 5-7 in Table 1, the dust suppressant prepared by the present invention has excellent dust suppression efficiency and water retention performance.

[0093] The wetting agent added to the dust suppressant prepared in this invention contains long alkyl chains, benzene rings, ether segments, carboxylate groups, and sulfonate groups. The hydrophobic alkyl groups can interact with the hydrophobic regions on the surface of dust particles, increasing the adsorption strength of the wetting agent on the dust surface. Simultaneously, they can form a continuous coating with polyacrylamide, making it less likely for dust particles to be re-erected after drying. The benzene ring structure can interact with the aromatic carbon structures in coal dust through π-π stacking, allowing the wetting agent to be more firmly adsorbed onto the dust surface, resulting in a denser film and improved dust suppression efficiency. The ether segments expose more hydrophilic sites, synergistically interacting with the hydrophilic carboxylate and sulfonate groups to increase the hydrophilicity of the coal surface, forming a dense water film layer, thereby reducing wind erosion.

[0094] The wetting agent used in Comparative Example 3 was not hydrophilic enough, making it difficult to form a stable wetting and adsorption layer on the surface of hydrophobic coal dust, resulting in a decrease in dust suppression effect.

[0095] The dust suppressant prepared in this invention contains a four-armed humectant that incorporates benzene rings, amides, and a large number of hydroxyl groups. Its four-armed structure provides multiple hydrophilic sites and forms a stable coating on the coal surface. The steric hindrance creates gaps that trap water, reducing the rate of moisture evaporation. The benzene rings on the coal surface generate an anchoring effect through π-π stacking, making it difficult for the water adsorbed by the hydrophilic groups to evaporate, thus reducing the evaporation rate. The amide groups and numerous hydroxyl groups enhance the moisture-locking ability and reduce the evaporation rate by forming a stable hydrogen bond network with water molecules.

[0096] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. However, any modifications, alterations, and variations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention based on the disclosed technical content are equivalent embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, any modifications, alterations, and variations made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dust suppressant, characterized in that, The ingredients include the following parts by weight: Polyacrylamide 10-15 parts, polyethylene glycol 4-6 parts, wetting agent 5-8 parts, humectant 4-6 parts, pH buffer 0.4-0.6 parts, sodium benzoate 0.1-0.3 parts, deionized water 70-80 parts; The wetting agent is prepared by the following method: S1: The reaction of 3-pentadecanylphenol with epichlorohydrin yields intermediate 1. S2: Intermediate 1 reacts with tetraethylene glycol monomethyl ether to give intermediate 2. S3: Intermediate 2 reacts with itaconic anhydride to give intermediate 3. S4: Intermediate 3 reacts with sodium bisulfite to obtain a wetting agent; In step S1, the molar ratio of 3-pentadecanylphenol to epichlorohydrin is 1:(1.1-1.2); in step S2, the molar ratio of intermediate 1 to tetraethylene glycol monomethyl ether is 1:(1.05-1.1); in step S3, the molar ratio of intermediate 2 to itaconic anhydride is 1:(1.05-1.15); in step S4, the molar ratio of intermediate 3 to sodium bisulfite is 1:(1.2-1.3). The humectant is prepared by the following method: N1: p-Aminobenzoic acid reacts with gluconolactone to form an amide compound. N2: Amide compounds react with pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether to form a humectant; In step N1, the molar ratio of p-aminobenzoic acid to gluconolactone is 1:1.05; in step N2, the molar ratio of the amide compound to pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether is 4.1:

1.

2. The dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pH buffer is a mixture of sodium citrate and citric acid.

3. A method for preparing the dust suppressant according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Weigh out the following by weight: 10-15 parts polyacrylamide, 4-6 parts polyethylene glycol, 5-8 parts wetting agent, 4-6 parts humectant, 0.4-0.6 parts pH buffer, 0.1-0.3 parts sodium benzoate, and 70-80 parts deionized water; (2) Mix deionized water, polyacrylamide and polyethylene glycol, heat and stir, then cool; add wetting agent, humectant, pH buffer and sodium benzoate and stir to mix well to obtain dust suppressant.

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