Environment-friendly cladding device based on dust fall and bare board forming mold repairing method

Abstract

The invention relates to an environment-friendly cladding device based on dust fall and a bare board forming mold repairing method, and relates to the technical field of cladding devices. The ball-head-shaped spray head is arranged at the nozzle end of the cladding spray head main body in a fixed-axis rotating manner and is matched with the arc-shaped matching end surface; a cleaning block; the dust fall adsorption head is integrally connected to the cleaning block, and a dust suction opening of the dust fall adsorption head faces one side of a nozzle of the ball-head-shaped spray head; according to the invention, the front end of the cladding spray head main body is provided with the ball-head-shaped spray head which rotates around the fixed axis, on one hand, the ball-head-shaped spray head serves as a common cladding spray head structure in the prior art and also serves as a closed structure of a laser channel, and one side of the ball-head-shaped spray head is provided with the cleaning block, so that the cladding spray head main body can be used as a cleaning structure before cladding; the current situation that in the prior art, the cladding function is single is solved, and the method is particularly suitable for the repairing scene of the bare board mold.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cladding equipment technology, specifically to a dust-reducing and environmentally friendly cladding equipment and a method for repairing bare plate forming molds. Background Technology

[0002] The cladding device is an advanced additive manufacturing and remanufacturing equipment based on a high-energy laser beam. Its core principle is to use a laser to instantly melt and rapidly solidify synchronously conveyed metal powder onto the substrate surface, forming a dense cladding layer with metallurgical bonding. This device is mainly used for dimensional restoration and performance improvement of damaged or worn metal parts (such as large molds, rolls, and blades), or for preparing wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, and high-temperature-resistant reinforcing coatings on the surface of new parts, thereby achieving the repair, life extension, and high-performance manufacturing of critical equipment. It integrates precision optics, automated control, powder conveying, real-time monitoring, and environmental dust removal systems, making it a highly integrated, intelligent industrial equipment capable of high-quality repair under complex working conditions, and it is widely used.

[0003] For example, a laser cladding fume collection device disclosed in the prior art (CN214919075U) includes a dust collector and a fume collection hood connected to the dust collector via a pipe. The fume collection hood is connected to the laser cladding device, and its lower end has an opening facing the lower end of the laser head of the laser cladding device. The fume collection hood moves with the laser cladding device and, under the action of the dust collector, collects the fume generated during the laser cladding process. This laser cladding fume collection device can collect the fume generated during laser cladding in real time, achieving online collection of laser cladding fume, reducing the scattering and accumulation of laser cladding powder, improving the quality of laser cladding on workpieces, reducing the generation of fume during the laser cladding process, and improving the working environment of the factory area.

[0004] However, the aforementioned device still has some obvious defects in its use: 1. The laser cladding device and the cladding devices commonly used in the prior art have relatively simple functions, only able to achieve laser cladding on the surface of the workpiece. However, the prior art requires cleaning the surface of the workpiece before cladding, especially for bare plate forming molds, whose surfaces usually have residual oil stains, which may affect the bonding strength between the additive manufacturing and the workpiece surface. Therefore, targeted cleaning and degreasing operations are required. However, the cleaning and degreasing operations in the prior art are usually carried out manually or by a separate cleaning device, which affects work efficiency; 2. The cladding nozzle of the aforementioned device usually adopts a fixed conical nozzle design, which is in the open state both in use and when the machine is stopped. The laser lens set in the laser channel has high dust protection requirements. However, the cladding nozzle in the prior art cannot meet the dust protection requirements and still requires the addition of an additional protective cover structure. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a dust-reducing and environmentally friendly cladding device and a method for repairing bare plate forming molds.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A dust-reducing and environmentally friendly cladding device includes: The cladding nozzle body is installed on the execution end of the multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm. The nozzle end of the cladding nozzle body has an arc-shaped mating end face. A laser channel is formed in the middle of the cladding nozzle body, and a powder supply channel is also formed on the side. A ball-shaped nozzle is fixedly and rotatably mounted on the nozzle end of the cladding nozzle body and mates with an arc-shaped mating end face. The ball-shaped nozzle has a nozzle that communicates with the laser channel and a powder feeding channel that is movably communicated with the powder supply channel. A cleaning block, integrally connected to the side of the ball-shaped nozzle; and, The dust-collecting adsorption head is integrally connected to the cleaning block, with its suction port facing the nozzle side of the ball-shaped nozzle, thereby adsorbing particulate matter splashed during the cladding process. The ball-shaped nozzle has three operating modes via fixed-axis rotation: laser cladding mode, cleaning mode, and shutdown mode. In laser cladding mode, the ball-shaped nozzle is at its initial angle, and the nozzle and powder feeding channel of the ball-shaped nozzle are connected to the laser channel and the powder supply channel, respectively, so as to carry out the cladding operation; In cleaning mode, the ball-shaped nozzle rotates on a fixed axis, causing the cleaning block to face the workpiece. The sponge cleaning block connected to the end of the cleaning block contacts the surface of the workpiece, and the reciprocating oscillation of the ball-shaped nozzle cleans the oil stains on the surface of the workpiece. In shutdown mode, the spherical nozzle rotates on its fixed axis, causing the dust collection head to face downwards. At this time, the nozzle and powder feeding channel of the spherical nozzle are disconnected from the laser channel and powder supply channel, and the laser channel and powder supply channel are sealed by the arc-shaped outer circumference of the spherical nozzle.

[0007] Preferably, the cladding nozzle body includes a connecting sleeve, a connecting flange, and a connecting head arranged from top to bottom, and the connecting sleeve and the connecting head are fixedly connected by the connecting flange.

[0008] Preferably, the powder supply channel is provided in two sets, and the two sets of powder supply channels are opened in the connector. The upper end of the powder supply channel is connected to a powder supply pipe, and the powder supply pipe is connected to an external powder supply device for pumping the cladding powder.

[0009] Preferably, the connector is integrally formed with mounting brackets on both sides, and the lower end of the mounting bracket is rotatably connected to a rotating shaft. The rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the ball-shaped nozzle, and the rotating shaft drives the ball-shaped nozzle to rotate at a preset angle under the drive of the rotating mechanism.

[0010] Preferably, the rotating mechanism that drives the rotating shaft to rotate includes a pair of worm gear reducers. The worm gear reducers are fixedly mounted on mounting brackets on both sides. A drive pulley is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the worm gear reducer. The drive pulley is connected to the driven pulley via a belt. The driven pulley is coaxially fixedly connected to the rotating shaft. The worm gear reducers drive the ball-shaped nozzle to rotate on a fixed axis.

[0011] Preferably, both the ball-shaped nozzle and the cleaning block have interconnected water-cooling chambers, and the rotating shafts on both sides have corresponding inlet and outlet channels communicating with the water-cooling chambers. A sealing block is movably inserted into the channel port at the end of the rotating shaft away from the ball-shaped nozzle, and the sealing block is fixedly installed on the mounting bracket.

[0012] Preferably, the sealing blocks on both sides are also connected to an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, which are connected to an external cooling circulation device to cool the ball-shaped nozzle.

[0013] Preferably, a rubber sealing frame can be detachably installed at the end of the cleaning block. The rubber surface of the rubber sealing frame protrudes outward under the pressure of the water inside the water-cooling chamber. The rubber surface of the rubber sealing frame is connected to the sponge cleaning block by a traceless adhesive. In cleaning mode, the rubber surface of the rubber sealing frame can perform periodic expansion and contraction movements by adjusting the water pressure inside the water-cooling chamber. Combined with the reciprocating oscillation of the ball-shaped nozzle, it can better remove oil and clean the surface of the workpiece.

[0014] Preferably, the dust suction port of the dust removal adsorption head is connected to the dust removal pump through a dust removal pipe, and the dust removal pump is used to perform the dust removal operation during the cladding process.

[0015] A method for repairing bare board forming molds, using the aforementioned dust-reducing and environmentally friendly cladding device, includes the following steps: Step 1: Adhere the sponge cleaning block to the surface of the rubber sealing frame, and add acetone or other degreasing and cleaning solvents to the sponge cleaning block to prepare for cleaning; Step 2: Adjust the height of the cladding nozzle body using a multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm and rotate the ball-shaped nozzle so that the cleaning block faces the workpiece side, ensuring that the sponge cleaning block is in direct contact with the workpiece to be processed. At the same time, it is required that a gap be formed between the rubber sealing frame and the workpiece to be processed to prevent contact damage to the ball-shaped nozzle during the cleaning process. Step 3: Control the ball-shaped nozzle to perform a reciprocating fixed-axis rotation at a preset angle, and adjust the water pressure inside the water-cooling chamber to make the rubber surface of the rubber sealing frame perform periodic expansion and contraction movements, thereby pushing the sponge cleaning block to remove oil and clean the surface of the mold workpiece. The multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm moves to make the oil removal and cleaning range cover all positions of the cladding operation. Step 4: Control the rotation of the ball-shaped nozzle to bring it to its initial angle. The nozzle and powder feeding channel of the ball-shaped nozzle are connected to the laser channel and the powder supply channel, respectively, so as to carry out the cladding operation. Step 5: After the cladding is completed, the ball-shaped nozzle rotates 90° at the initial angle to seal the laser channel and the powder supply channel, preventing dust from entering the laser channel and the powder supply channel. The used sponge cleaning block is then removed, putting the device into shutdown mode.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention features a spherical nozzle with a fixed-axis rotational motion at the front end of the cladding nozzle body. The spherical nozzle mates with an arc-shaped mating end face. It serves as a common cladding nozzle structure in the prior art, as well as a closed structure for the laser channel. A cleaning block is also provided on one side of it, enabling the cladding nozzle body to be used as a cleaning structure before cladding. This solves the problem of the single cladding function in the prior art and is particularly suitable for repairing bare molds. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the spherical nozzle of the present invention in laser cladding mode; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the ball-shaped nozzle of the present invention in shutdown mode; Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the main body of the cladding nozzle of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the spherical nozzle and its connecting structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the dust collection adsorption head of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the ball-shaped nozzle of the present invention in cleaning mode.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Cladding nozzle body, 2. Laser channel, 3. Powder supply channel, 4. Ball-shaped nozzle, 5. Nozzle, 6. Powder delivery channel, 7. Cleaning block, 8. Dust collection head, 9. Dust suction port, 10. Connecting sleeve, 11. Connecting flange, 12. Sponge cleaning block, 13. Connector, 14. Powder supply pipe, 15. Mounting bracket, 16. Rotating shaft, 17. Worm gear reducer motor, 18. Driving pulley, 19. Driven pulley, 20. Water cooling chamber, 21. Liquid inlet channel, 22. Liquid outlet channel, 23. Sealing block, 24. Liquid inlet pipe, 25. Liquid outlet pipe, 26. Rubber sealing frame, 27. Dust removal pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0020] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0021] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0022] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0023] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0024] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0025] Please see Figure 1-7 The present invention provides the following technical solution: Example 1: This device is mainly used for laser cladding repair of workpieces such as large bare plate forming molds. It can clean the workpiece surface before repair and effectively prevent dust pollution during the cladding process and when the machine is stopped.

[0026] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the cladding device mainly includes: cladding nozzle body 1, ball-shaped nozzle 4, cleaning block 7, and dust adsorption head 8.

[0027] Among them, the cladding nozzle body 1 serves as the core support and supply hub of the entire device. By fixing it to the execution end of the multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm, it can be driven by the robotic arm to perform precise positioning and complex trajectory movements in three-dimensional space.

[0028] The cladding nozzle body 1 consists of three parts from top to bottom: a connecting sleeve 10, a connecting flange 11, and a connector 13. The connecting sleeve 10, the connecting flange 11, and the connector 13 are fastened together by threaded interfaces to form a rigid whole. The upper end of the connecting sleeve 10 is used to connect a laser fiber connector to guide high-energy laser light into the device.

[0029] Inside the cladding nozzle body 1, a laser channel 2 is provided along its axial center. The laser channel 2 runs from top to bottom and is used to conduct the laser beam. On both sides of the inside of the connector 13, two powder supply channels 3 are symmetrically provided. The upper end of each powder supply channel 3 is connected to a powder supply tube 14 through a thread or quick-connect fitting. The other end of the powder supply tube 14 is connected to an external powder supply device to transport metal powder to the nozzle. The lower end of the connector 13 is machined with an arc-shaped mating end face. This end face is a precision-machined concave spherical surface, which is used to form a dynamic seal with the ball-shaped nozzle 4.

[0030] On the left and right sides of the connector 13, there is an integrally formed mounting bracket 15. The lower part of the mounting bracket 15 is supported by a rotating shaft 16 through a bearing. The rotating shaft 16 can rotate freely relative to the mounting bracket 15.

[0031] The ball-shaped nozzle 4 is a key moving component for performing function switching. Its main body is a spherical metal component, with its two sides connected to the rotating shaft 16, so that the center of the ball-shaped nozzle 4 coincides with the axis of the rotating shaft 16, thereby achieving fixed-axis rotation around this axis.

[0032] A nozzle 5 and a powder feeding channel 6 are provided on the ball-shaped nozzle 4. When the ball-shaped nozzle 4 is at the initial angle, the nozzle 5 can be precisely aligned with the laser channel 2 of the cladding nozzle body 1, and the powder feeding channel 6 is connected to the powder supply channel 3.

[0033] In this embodiment, the three working modes are switched by controlling the ball-shaped nozzle 4 to rotate to different angles: Laser cladding mode: The control system drives the worm gear reducer motor 17 to rotate the ball-shaped nozzle 4 to the initial angle, as per the instruction manual. Figure 1 As shown, at this time, the nozzle 5 of the ball-shaped nozzle 4 is precisely aligned with the laser channel 2, and its powder feeding channel 6 is connected to the powder supply channel 3 inside the connector 13. The laser beam is emitted through the laser channel 2 and the nozzle 5, while the metal powder is transported by the powder feeder through the powder supply pipe 14, the powder supply channel 3, and the powder supply channel 6 to the laser focal point for cladding processing. In this mode, the dust suction port 9 of the dust collection head 8 is located on the side of the molten pool. By starting the dust removal pump, the splashes and fumes generated during cladding can be efficiently removed.

[0034] Cleaning Mode: Before laser cladding, pretreatment of oil stains on the workpiece surface is usually required. The control system drives the ball-shaped nozzle 4 to rotate approximately 90°, causing the cleaning block 7 and its end sponge cleaning block 12 to rotate towards the workpiece. The operator can control the robotic arm to bring the sponge cleaning block 12 into contact with the workpiece surface and inject an appropriate amount of cleaning solvent, such as propanol. By driving the ball-shaped nozzle 4 to oscillate back and forth, the sponge can wipe away the oil stains. Refer to the instruction manual. Figure 7 During the oscillation of the cleaning block 12 within the range of α° of the cleaning block 7, the sponge cleaning block 12 performs cleaning and wiping motions, thereby completing the wiping operation on the surface of the workpiece, where 15°≤α°≤30°.

[0035] Shutdown Mode: When the operation ends or is paused, the control system drives the ball-shaped nozzle 4 to rotate approximately 90 degrees from the initial mode, causing the dust collection head 8 to rotate to a vertically downward position. In this state, the solid spherical part of the ball-shaped nozzle 4 completely seals the arc-shaped mating end face at the lower end of the cladding nozzle body 1, and the laser channel 2 and powder supply channel 3 are tightly sealed, effectively preventing dust from the external environment from entering the precision internal cavity and contaminating the optical lenses and powder channels.

[0036] Example 2: In this embodiment, the rotating mechanism driving the ball-shaped nozzle 4 includes a pair of worm gear reducers 17. The two worm gear reducers 17 are respectively bolted to the mounting brackets 15 on both sides. A drive pulley 18 is mounted on the output shaft of each worm gear reducer 17. A driven pulley 19 is coaxially and fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 16. The drive pulley 18 and the driven pulley 19 are connected by a belt. By synchronously driving the two worm gear reducers 17 through the control system, the rotating shaft 16 and the ball-shaped nozzle 4 can be driven to rotate precisely at an angle via belt transmission. The worm gear reducers 17 have a self-locking characteristic and can be locked at any position to ensure stable operation.

[0037] Example 3: In this embodiment, the cleaning block 7 is a block-shaped structure integrally connected to the side of the ball-shaped nozzle 4. At the end of the cleaning block 7 furthest from the ball-shaped nozzle 4, an installation groove is provided, and a rubber sealing frame 26 is fixed within the groove. The rubber sealing frame 26 is hollow and communicates with the water-cooling chamber 20 inside the cleaning block 7. The sponge cleaning block 12 is adhered to the exposed rubber surface of the rubber sealing frame 26 using traceless adhesive.

[0038] The dust collection head 8 is also integrally connected to the cleaning block 7, with its suction port 9 facing roughly in front of the nozzle 5 of the ball-shaped nozzle 4. The dust collection head 8 has a hollow interior and is connected to an external dust pump via a dust removal pipe 27. In cleaning mode, the protrusion of the exposed rubber surface on the rubber sealing frame 26 can be adjusted by regulating the water pressure in the water-cooling chamber 20. Utilizing this characteristic, the contact strength of the sponge cleaning block 12 can be adjusted by regulating the water pressure in the water-cooling chamber 20, thereby achieving a better wiping effect on the workpiece surface. The water-cooling chamber 20 thus achieves multiple functions: on the one hand, it is used to cool the ball-shaped nozzle 4, and on the other hand, it can adjust the wiping intensity of the sponge cleaning block 12.

[0039] Example 4: To address the high temperature issue of the ball-shaped nozzle 4 and cleaning block 7 during operation, interconnected water-cooled chambers 20 are machined inside them. The rotating shafts 16 on both sides are hollow shafts, with corresponding liquid inlet channels 21 and liquid outlet channels 22 inside, both of which are connected to the water-cooled chambers 20.

[0040] A sealing block 23 is fixedly installed on the mounting bracket 15. The sealing block 23 has a through hole in its center and is equipped with a rotary seal. The liquid inlet pipe 24 and the liquid outlet pipe 25 are respectively inserted into and fixed in the through holes of the sealing blocks 23 on both sides, and then connected to the external cooling circulation device through the liquid inlet pipe 24 and the liquid outlet pipe 25. The coolant flows in from the liquid inlet pipe 24, enters the water-cooled chamber 20 through the liquid inlet channel 21 of the rotating shaft 16 for circulation, and after carrying away the heat, flows out from the liquid outlet channel 22 and the liquid outlet pipe 25, forming a closed-loop cooling.

[0041] A method for repairing bare board forming molds, using the aforementioned dust-reducing and environmentally friendly cladding device, includes the following steps: Step 1: Adhere the sponge cleaning block 12 to the surface of the rubber sealing frame 26, and add acetone or other degreasing and cleaning solvents to the sponge cleaning block 12 to prepare for cleaning. Step 2: Adjust the height of the cladding nozzle body 1 using a multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm and rotate the ball-shaped nozzle 4 so that the cleaning block 7 faces the workpiece side, and ensure that the sponge cleaning block 12 is in direct contact with the workpiece to be processed. At the same time, it is required that a gap be formed between the rubber sealing frame 26 and the workpiece to be processed to prevent contact damage to the ball-shaped nozzle 4 during the cleaning process. Step 3: Control the ball-shaped nozzle 4 to perform a reciprocating fixed-axis rotation at a preset angle, and adjust the water pressure inside the water-cooling chamber 20 to make the rubber surface of the rubber sealing frame 26 perform periodic expansion and contraction movements, thereby pushing the sponge cleaning block 12 to remove oil and clean the surface of the mold workpiece. The multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm moves to make the oil removal and cleaning range cover all positions of the cladding operation. Step 4: Control the ball-shaped nozzle 4 to rotate so that it is at the initial angle. The nozzle 5 and powder feeding channel 6 of the ball-shaped nozzle 4 are connected to the laser channel 2 and the powder supply channel 3 respectively, so as to carry out the cladding operation. Step 5: After the cladding is completed, the ball-shaped nozzle 4 rotates 90° at the initial angle to seal the laser channel 2 and the powder supply channel 3, preventing dust from entering the laser channel 2 and the powder supply channel 3. The used sponge cleaning block 12 is then removed, putting the device into shutdown mode.

[0042] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A dust-reducing and environmentally friendly cladding device, characterized in that, include: The cladding nozzle body (1) is installed on the execution end of the multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm. The nozzle end of the cladding nozzle body (1) is provided with an arc-shaped mating end face. A laser channel (2) is formed in the middle of the cladding nozzle body (1), and a powder supply channel (3) is also provided on the side. A ball-shaped nozzle (4) is fixedly and rotatably disposed on the nozzle end of the cladding nozzle body (1) and fitted with an arc-shaped end face. The ball-shaped nozzle (4) is provided with a nozzle (5) that communicates with the laser channel (2) and a powder feeding channel (6) that communicates with the powder supply channel (3). A cleaning block (7), which is integrally connected to the side of the ball-shaped nozzle (4); and, A dust-collecting adsorption head (8) is integrally connected to the cleaning block (7). The dust suction port (9) of the dust-collecting adsorption head (8) faces the nozzle (5) of the ball-shaped nozzle (4), thereby adsorbing the particulate matter splashed during the cladding process. The ball-shaped nozzle (4) has three working modes through fixed-axis rotation: laser cladding mode, cleaning mode, and shutdown mode. In laser cladding mode, the ball-shaped nozzle (4) is at the initial angle, and the nozzle (5) and powder feeding channel (6) of the ball-shaped nozzle (4) are connected to the laser channel (2) and the powder supply channel (3) respectively, so as to carry out the cladding operation; In cleaning mode, the ball-shaped nozzle (4) rotates on a fixed axis so that the cleaning block (7) faces the workpiece side. The sponge cleaning block (12) connected to the end of the cleaning block (7) contacts the workpiece surface and, in conjunction with the reciprocating swing of the ball-shaped nozzle (4), cleans the oil stains on the workpiece surface. In the shutdown mode, the ball-shaped nozzle (4) rotates on a fixed axis so that the dust adsorption head (8) is set downward. At this time, the nozzle (5) and powder feeding channel (6) of the ball-shaped nozzle (4) are disconnected from the laser channel (2) and the powder supply channel (3), and the laser channel (2) and the powder supply channel (3) are closed by the arc-shaped outer circumference of the ball-shaped nozzle (4).

2. The dust-reducing and environmentally friendly cladding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cladding nozzle body (1) includes a connecting sleeve (10), a connecting flange (11) and a connector (13) arranged from top to bottom. The connecting sleeve (10) and the connector (13) are fixedly connected by the connecting flange (11).

3. The dust-reducing and environmentally friendly cladding device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The powder supply channel (3) is provided in two sets. The two sets of powder supply channels (3) are opened in the connector (13). The upper end of the powder supply channel (3) is connected to the powder supply pipe (14). The powder supply pipe (14) is connected to the external powder supply device and the cladding powder is pumped through the external powder supply device.

4. The dust-reducing and environmentally friendly cladding device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The connector (13) is integrally formed with mounting brackets (15) on both sides. The lower end of the mounting bracket (15) is fixedly and rotatably connected with a rotating shaft (16). The rotating shaft (16) is fixedly connected to the ball-shaped nozzle (4). The rotating shaft (16) drives the ball-shaped nozzle (4) to rotate at a preset angle under the drive of the rotating mechanism.

5. A dust-reducing and environmentally friendly cladding device according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The rotating mechanism that drives the rotating shaft (16) to rotate includes a pair of worm gear reducers (17). The worm gear reducers (17) are fixedly mounted on the mounting brackets (15) on both sides. A drive pulley (18) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the worm gear reducer (17). The drive pulley (18) is connected to the driven pulley (19) through a belt. The driven pulley (19) is coaxially fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (16). The worm gear reducers (17) drive the ball-shaped nozzle (4) to rotate on a fixed axis.

6. The dust-reducing and environmentally friendly cladding device according to claim 5, characterized in that: Both the ball-shaped nozzle (4) and the cleaning block (7) have interconnected water-cooled chambers (20). The rotating shafts (16) on both sides have corresponding liquid inlet channels (21) and liquid outlet channels (22) that communicate with the water-cooled chambers (20). A sealing block (23) is movably inserted into the channel port at the end of the rotating shaft (16) away from the ball-shaped nozzle (4). The sealing block (23) is fixedly installed on the mounting bracket (15).

7. The dust-reducing and environmentally friendly cladding device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sealing blocks (23) on both sides are also connected to an inlet pipe (24) and an outlet pipe (25), which are connected to an external cooling circulation device to cool the ball-shaped nozzle (4).

8. The dust-reducing and environmentally friendly cladding device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A rubber sealing frame (26) can also be detachably installed at the end of the cleaning block (7). The rubber surface of the rubber sealing frame (26) protrudes outward under the pressure of the water inside the water-cooling chamber (20). The rubber surface of the rubber sealing frame (26) is connected to the sponge cleaning block (12) by traceless adhesive. In the cleaning mode, the rubber surface of the rubber sealing frame (26) can perform periodic expansion and contraction movements by adjusting the water pressure inside the water-cooling chamber (20). Combined with the reciprocating swing of the ball-shaped nozzle (4), the surface of the workpiece can be better cleaned by removing oil.

9. A dust-reducing and environmentally friendly cladding device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The dust suction port (9) of the dust adsorption head (8) is connected to the dust removal pump through the dust removal pipe (27) and the dust removal operation is carried out by the dust removal pump during the cladding operation.

10. A method for repairing bare board forming molds, using the dust-reducing and environmentally friendly cladding device as described in claim 9, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: Step 1: Adhere the sponge cleaning block (12) to the surface of the rubber sealing frame (26), and add acetone or other degreasing and cleaning solvents to the sponge cleaning block (12) to prepare for cleaning; Step 2: Adjust the height of the cladding nozzle body (1) by using a multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm, and rotate the ball-shaped nozzle (4) so ​​that the cleaning block (7) faces the workpiece side, and ensure that the sponge cleaning block (12) is in direct contact with the workpiece to be processed. At the same time, it is required that the rubber sealing frame (26) and the workpiece to be processed form a gap to prevent contact damage to the ball-shaped nozzle (4) during the cleaning process. Step 3: Control the ball-shaped nozzle (4) to perform a reciprocating fixed-axis rotation at a preset angle, and adjust the water pressure inside the water-cooling chamber (20) to make the rubber surface of the rubber sealing frame (26) perform periodic expansion and contraction movements, thereby pushing the sponge cleaning block (12) to clean the surface of the mold workpiece by removing oil. The multi-degree-of-freedom robotic arm makes the oil removal and cleaning range cover all positions of the cladding operation through movement. Step 4: Control the ball-shaped nozzle (4) to rotate so that it is at the initial angle. The nozzle (5) and powder feeding channel (6) of the ball-shaped nozzle (4) are connected to the laser channel (2) and the powder supply channel (3) respectively, so as to carry out the cladding operation. Step 5: After the cladding is completed, the ball-shaped nozzle (4) rotates 90° at the initial angle to close the laser channel (2) and the powder supply channel (3), preventing dust from entering the laser channel (2) and the powder supply channel (3), and removes the used sponge cleaning block (12) to put the device into shutdown mode.

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