A burner for producing acid from low to medium concentration acid gas and off-gas and a method of use

Abstract

The application provides a burner for producing acid by using low-concentration acid gas and waste gas and a use method, and the burner comprises a burner shell, a large flue and a small flue are formed in the burner shell; an external mixing type long-lasting lamp is used for providing a continuous light for the small flue; a low-concentration acid gas lance is used for spraying low-concentration acid gas into the small flue; a sulfur-containing waste gas collecting chamber is used for spraying sulfur-containing waste gas into the large flue; a combustion air collecting chamber is used for providing combustion main air to the small flue; a temperature-adjusting air collecting chamber is used for inputting temperature-adjusting air to the large flue; and a flame detector is used for detecting the quality of the flame. According to the application, the temperature-adjusting air is branched from the main air, the temperature of the small flue is increased, the stability of the flame is ensured, the sulfur-containing waste gas is sprayed from the periphery of the main flame, does not impact the main flame and is rapidly contacted with the high-temperature flue gas of the main flame, the oxidation effect is ensured, the sulfur-containing fuel gas and the sulfur-containing methanol liquid can be used for supplementing heat and increasing the temperature of the flame, and the safe and stable operation of the burner is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of acid gas to acid production technology, and more specifically, to a burner and method of using a medium-to-low concentration acid gas and waste gas to produce acid. Background Technology

[0002] The acid gas to sulfuric acid process is an important technology for sulfur resource recovery and pollution control. Its core principle is to convert acidic gas containing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) into commercial sulfuric acid through combustion, catalytic conversion, and absorption. This process not only realizes the recycling of sulfur resources but also effectively eliminates the odor and toxicity of hydrogen sulfide, thus achieving both environmental and economic benefits.

[0003] In traditional sulfuric acid production plants using acidic gas, the burner, as the core front-end equipment, functions to burn H2S in the acidic gas to generate sulfur dioxide (SO2), providing feedstock for subsequent catalytic conversion processes. The industry has relatively mature combustion technology for high-concentration acidic gases (H2S volume content greater than 60%), as these gases have high calorific value and good combustion stability. However, high-concentration acidic gases have high economic value and are typically prioritized for sulfur production. Therefore, the actual processing targets in the acidic gas-to-sulfuric acid industry are mainly low-to-medium concentration acidic gases (H2S content less than 35%) that are difficult to use for sulfur recovery and have no other applications, as well as various sulfur-containing wastes, in order to reduce raw material costs and eliminate pollutants.

[0004] Low- and medium-concentration acidic gases have low calorific value, low combustion flame temperature, and poor flame stability. Sulfur-containing waste gas has too low a calorific value and is not combustible at all. The acid production process requires a large excess air coefficient for combustion. The acidic gases burned have poor combustion stability and are prone to flameout, affecting the normal operation of the equipment. The industry usually needs to burn some high-concentration acidic gases or fuel gases to stabilize the flame. How to ensure flame stability by burning only low- and medium-concentration acidic gases and waste gases without burning high-concentration acidic gases or fuel gases for a long period of time is a difficult problem in the acidic gas sulfuric acid production industry.

[0005] Patent CN114074924A discloses a system and method for regenerating sulfuric acid from sulfur-containing waste. The system includes: a combustion unit for burning the sulfur-containing waste to obtain a first gas containing sulfur dioxide; a heat recovery unit for recovering heat from the first gas to obtain a second gas; a purification and cooling unit for purifying and cooling the second gas to obtain a third gas; a drying unit for drying the third gas to obtain a fourth gas; and an oxidation and absorption unit for oxidizing and absorbing the fourth gas to obtain sulfuric acid and exhaust gas. While this patent can produce sulfuric acid from sulfur-containing waste, its combustion process requires the co-firing of large amounts of high-concentration acidic gas or fuel gas, resulting in poor economic efficiency.

[0006] In view of the above, this application is hereby submitted. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The problem solved by this invention is that, in the prior art, it is impossible to ensure flame stability over a long period of time without burning high-concentration acid gas or fuel gas, and only burning medium- and low-concentration acid gas and exhaust gas, so as to reduce raw material costs and achieve the elimination of pollutants.

[0008] To address the above problems, the present invention provides a burner for producing acid from medium- and low-concentration acidic gas and waste gas, comprising:

[0009] The burner housing contains a large fire channel and a small fire channel, with the small fire channel partially embedded within the large fire channel.

[0010] An external mixing type continuous lamp extends through the burner housing into the small fire channel to provide a continuous and stable open flame for the small fire channel;

[0011] A medium-to-low concentration acid gas spray gun extends through the burner housing into the small fire channel to spray medium-to-low concentration acid gas into the small fire channel.

[0012] The sulfur-containing waste gas collection chamber is connected to the sulfur-containing waste gas nozzle and is used to inject the sulfur-containing waste gas into the large fire channel;

[0013] The combustion air collection chamber is located inside the burner housing on the side away from the main fire channel. The combustion air collection chamber is connected to the small fire channel and is used to supply the main combustion air to the small fire channel.

[0014] The temperature-regulating air collection chamber is connected to the combustion air collection chamber and the main fire channel, respectively. It is used to extract part of the air in the combustion air collection chamber to input temperature-regulating air into the main fire channel.

[0015] A flame detector extends into the small fire channel to detect flame quality.

[0016] Furthermore, the medium-low concentration acid gas spray gun includes a medium-low concentration acid gas inlet, a medium-low concentration acid gas inlet pipe, and a medium-low concentration acid gas spray gun mounting flange. The medium-low concentration acid gas inlet pipe extends into the small fire channel and is used to spray the medium-low concentration acid gas input from the medium-low concentration acid gas inlet into the small fire channel. The medium-low concentration acid gas spray gun mounting flange is fixedly connected to the burner housing.

[0017] Furthermore, the burner also includes a gas combination spray gun, which includes a sulfur-containing gas inlet and a normal gas inlet. The sulfur-containing gas inlet is used to input sulfur-containing gas into the small fire channel, and the normal gas inlet is used to input normal gas into the small fire channel. The sulfur-containing gas inlet and the normal gas inlet are set relatively independently and are used to input gas into the small fire channel individually or simultaneously.

[0018] Furthermore, the burner also includes a sulfur-containing methanol liquid spray gun, which is used to atomize the sulfur-containing methanol liquid and deliver it into the small fire channel.

[0019] Furthermore, the low-to-medium concentration acid gas spray gun, the combined gas spray gun, and the sulfur-containing methanol liquid spray gun are integrated into one unit, and the gas flow pipes of the combined gas spray gun and the sulfur-containing methanol liquid spray gun are located inside the low-to-medium concentration acid gas inlet pipe.

[0020] Furthermore, the external mixing type continuous light includes a continuous light gas conduit, a continuous light air conduit, a continuous light gas nozzle, and a continuous light burner nozzle. The continuous light gas conduit is disposed inside the continuous light air conduit. The continuous light gas nozzle is disposed near the end of the continuous light gas conduit. The continuous light burner nozzle is located at the end of the continuous light burner nozzle. The continuous light gas nozzle includes a primary gas nozzle and a secondary gas nozzle. The primary gas nozzle is used to spray primary gas from the side of the continuous light gas nozzle, and the secondary gas nozzle is used to spray secondary gas from the end of the continuous light gas nozzle.

[0021] Furthermore, the temperature-regulating air collection chamber and the combustion air collection chamber are connected by a temperature-regulating air pipeline. A temperature-regulating air regulating valve and a temperature-regulating air flow meter are installed in the temperature-regulating air pipeline. A temperature-regulating air nozzle is formed between the temperature-regulating air collection chamber and the main fire channel. A temperature-regulating air cyclone is installed in the temperature-regulating air nozzle.

[0022] Furthermore, one end of the sulfur-containing waste gas collection chamber is connected to the sulfur-containing waste gas inlet through a sulfur-containing waste gas inlet pipe, and the other end is connected to the main fire channel through a sulfur-containing waste gas nozzle. The sulfur-containing waste gas nozzle is installed in the temperature-regulating air nozzle, and the temperature-regulating air cyclone is installed on the outer periphery of the sulfur-containing waste gas nozzle.

[0023] Furthermore, refractory bricks are provided on the outer periphery of the small fire channel, and a refractory lining is provided on the circumference of the large fire channel. There is a gap between the outer periphery of the refractory bricks and the inner periphery of the refractory lining, and the gap forms a temperature-regulating air nozzle.

[0024] The present invention also discloses a method of using a burner, for use with the burner described above, the method of using the burner comprising:

[0025] Step S1, Ignite the external mixing starter lamp: Introduce air and gas into the external mixing starter lamp respectively, and ignite it;

[0026] Step S2: Input combustion air and ordinary fuel gas into the small fire channel to ignite the main flame and raise the furnace temperature to close to the first preset temperature;

[0027] Step S3: Introduce medium- and low-concentration acidic gas into the small fire channel through a medium- and low-concentration acidic gas spray gun, and gradually shut off the ordinary gas supply until the medium- and low-concentration acidic gas reaches the maximum flow rate required by the process, and then completely shut off the ordinary gas supply.

[0028] Step S4: Monitor the flame quality in the small fire channel. When it is lower than the first preset value, activate the temperature-regulating air collection chamber to divert part of the main air to the large fire channel.

[0029] Step S5: Start the sulfur-containing waste gas collection chamber and transport sulfur-containing waste gas to the main flue. The sulfur-containing waste gas is first mixed with the air diverted in step S4 and then comes into contact with the high-temperature flue gas in the main flue.

[0030] Step S6: Monitor the temperature inside the small fire channel. When the temperature is lower than the second preset temperature, input sulfur-containing fuel gas and / or atomized sulfur-containing methanol liquid into the small fire channel to maintain the temperature of the small fire channel within the first preset range.

[0031] Compared with existing technologies, the burner and method for producing acid using medium- and low-concentration acidic gases and waste gases described in this invention have the following advantages:

[0032] This invention ensures the burner does not backfire or burn out by setting up a continuous lamp with external mixing and fuel grading. The continuous lamp operates for a long period, providing a stable open flame for the burner. By diverting temperature-regulating air from the main air, the temperature of the smaller fire channel is increased, ensuring flame stability. Sulfur-containing waste gas is injected into the larger fire channel from the periphery of the main flame, without impacting the main flame, and can quickly contact the high-temperature flue gas generated by the main flame, rapidly oxidizing the hydrogen sulfide in the sulfur-containing waste gas into sulfur dioxide, providing the necessary conditions for sulfuric acid production. In addition, the burner can also utilize sulfur-containing fuel gas and sulfur-containing methanol liquid to supplement heat, increasing the flame temperature and furnace temperature, ensuring the safe and stable operation of the burner. This application focuses on stable flame and provides a burner for the sulfuric acid production industry that can burn medium- and low-concentration acidic gases to produce sulfuric acid. During the combustion process, it avoids the need to supplement ordinary fuel gas and high-concentration acidic gases, and mainly produces sulfuric acid by burning medium- and low-concentration acidic gases with very narrow applications and environmentally polluting sulfur-containing waste gas, which can significantly improve economic efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the burner described in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the external hybrid continuous lamp described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0036] 100. Sulfur-containing methanol liquid spray gun; 101. Sulfur-containing methanol liquid inlet; 102. Atomizing air inlet; 103. Sulfur-containing methanol liquid spray gun mounting flange; 200. Gas combination spray gun; 201. Sulfur-containing gas inlet; 202. Sulfur-containing gas valve; 203. Ordinary gas valve; 204. Ordinary gas inlet; 205. Gas combination spray gun mounting flange; 300. Medium and low concentration acid gas spray gun; 301. Medium and low concentration acid gas inlet; 302. Medium and low concentration acid gas inlet pipe; 303. Medium and low concentration acid gas spray gun mounting flange; 4. Inspection hole; 500. Combustion air collection chamber; 600. Sulfur-containing waste gas collection chamber; 601. Sulfur-containing waste gas inlet; 602. Sulfur-containing waste gas inlet pipe; 603. Sulfur-containing waste gas spray pipe; 501. Combustion air inlet pipe; 502. Combustion air inlet; 503. Primary air throat; 504. Primary air cyclone separator; 7. Refractory bricks; 8. Small flue; 9. Large flue; 10. Burner mounting flange; 11. Refractory lining; 12. Insulating lining; 13. Burner shell; 14. Middle partition plate; 15. Temperature-controlled air collection chamber; 151. Temperature-controlled air duct; 152. Temperature-controlled air regulating valve; 153. Temperature-controlled air flow meter; 154. Temperature-controlled air nozzle; 155. Temperature-controlled air cyclone separator 16. Flame detector; 17. External mixing type continuous lamp; 171. Continuous lamp air inlet; 172. Continuous lamp gas inlet; 173. Continuous lamp ignition discharge controller; 174. Continuous lamp mounting flange; 175. Continuous lamp ignition rod; 176. Continuous lamp gas conduit; 177. Continuous lamp flame stabilizer; 178. Continuous lamp gas nozzle; 179. Ignition electrode; 170. Continuous lamp burner nozzle. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0038] The following describes in detail, with reference to the accompanying drawings, a burner for producing acid using medium- and low-concentration acidic gas and waste gas, and its usage method, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] This embodiment provides a burner for producing acid using medium-to-low concentration acidic gas and waste gas, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, it includes:

[0041] The burner housing 13 has a large fire channel 9 and a small fire channel 8 formed within it, with the small fire channel 8 partially embedded in the large fire channel 9.

[0042] An external mixing type continuous lamp 17 extends through the burner housing 13 into the small fire channel 8 to provide a continuous and stable open flame for the small fire channel 8;

[0043] A medium-to-low concentration acid gas spray gun 300 extends through the burner housing 13 into the small fire channel 8 to spray medium-to-low concentration acid gas into the small fire channel 8.

[0044] The sulfur-containing waste gas collection chamber 600 is connected to the sulfur-containing waste gas nozzle 603 and is used to inject the sulfur-containing waste gas into the large fire channel 9.

[0045] The combustion air collection chamber 500 is located inside the burner housing 13 on the side away from the main fire channel 9. The combustion air collection chamber 500 is connected to the small fire channel 8 and is used to provide combustion air to the small fire channel 8.

[0046] The temperature-regulating air collection chamber 15 is connected to the combustion air collection chamber 500 and the main fire channel 9, respectively, and is used to extract part of the air in the combustion air collection chamber 500 to input temperature-regulating air into the main fire channel 9.

[0047] The burner provided in this example integrates a low-to-medium concentration acidic gas spray nozzle 300, a sulfur-containing waste gas spray pipe 603, a temperature-regulating air collection chamber 15, and an external mixing continuous lamp 17, achieving stable control of multi-fuel combustion. The low-to-medium concentration acidic gas mixes and burns with combustion air in the small combustion chamber 8. A portion of the combustion air is diverted through the temperature-regulating air collection chamber 15 and injected into the main combustion chamber 9 as temperature-regulating air, reducing the oxygen content in the small combustion chamber 8 and effectively improving the combustion temperature and flame stability. This solves the technical problem of easy flameout during prolonged combustion of low-calorific-value acidic gas. Simultaneously, sulfur-containing waste gas is injected from the periphery of the main combustion chamber 9, ensuring full contact with the high-temperature flue gas and achieving efficient oxidation of hydrogen sulfide without interfering with the main flame, significantly improving waste gas utilization and the overall energy efficiency of the acid production system. This structural design enables the burner to adapt to stable combustion of sulfur-containing waste gas and low-to-medium concentration acidic gas, significantly reducing dependence on high-concentration acidic gas or supplementary fuels, and possessing good economic and environmental benefits. The sulfur-containing waste gas is not flammable on its own, but under the action of high-temperature flue gas in the large flue 9, the hydrogen sulfide in it can be oxidized into sulfur dioxide, which can also be used for the preparation of sulfuric acid and can effectively eliminate its pollutants.

[0048] Specifically, the low-to-medium concentration acid gas spray gun 300 includes a low-to-medium concentration acid gas inlet 301, a low-to-medium concentration acid gas inlet pipe 302, and a low-to-medium concentration acid gas spray gun mounting flange 303. The low-to-medium concentration acid gas inlet pipe 302 extends into the small fire channel 8 and is used to spray the low-to-medium concentration acid gas input from the low-to-medium concentration acid gas inlet 301 into the small fire channel 8. The low-to-medium concentration acid gas spray gun mounting flange 303 is fixedly connected to the burner housing 13. Through the above configuration, the low-to-medium concentration acid gas spray gun 300 is fixedly connected to the burner housing 13 to ensure a stable supply of low-to-medium concentration acid gas to the small fire channel 8, thereby improving the production efficiency of acid production.

[0049] As a preferred example, the burner further includes a combined gas injection nozzle 200, which includes a sulfur-containing gas inlet 201 and a general gas inlet 204. The sulfur-containing gas inlet 201 is used to input sulfur-containing gas into the small flue 8, and the general gas inlet 204 is used to input general gas into the small flue 8. The sulfur-containing gas inlet 201 and the general gas inlet 204 are arranged relatively independently and are used to input gas into the small flue 8 individually or simultaneously. In this example, the combined gas injection nozzle 200 has a dual-inlet structure for sulfur-containing gas and general gas, which can flexibly switch fuel types according to furnace temperature changes and process requirements. Specifically, during burner start-up or low-load stages, general gas can be used to quickly establish a stable flame, and during normal operation, it can be gradually switched to sulfur-containing gas, thereby achieving stepped utilization of fuel. This configuration enhances the burner's adaptability to gases with different calorific values, ensuring a smooth transition in the combustion process, improving the comprehensive utilization efficiency of sulfur-containing resources, and reducing auxiliary fuel costs.

[0050] Specifically, the gas combination spray gun 200 also includes a sulfur-containing gas valve 202, a regular gas valve 203, and a gas combination spray gun mounting flange 205. The sulfur-containing gas valve 202 controls the opening and closing of the sulfur-containing gas inlet 201, the regular gas valve 203 controls the opening and closing of the regular gas inlet 204, and the gas combination spray gun mounting flange 205 is used to connect to the medium-low concentration acid gas spray gun 300. In the initial stage of burner startup, a stable flame can be quickly established using regular gas and medium-low concentration acid gas. Afterwards, sulfur-containing gas can be used to assist combustion, reducing the consumption of regular gas and lowering production costs while maintaining furnace temperature and ensuring flame stability.

[0051] In this example, the burner also includes a sulfur-containing methanol liquid spray gun 100, which atomizes the sulfur-containing methanol liquid and delivers it into the small fire channel 8. The sulfur-containing methanol liquid spray gun 100 breaks the liquid fuel into fine droplets using high-pressure atomized air, greatly increasing its contact area with the combustion-supporting gas and promoting rapid vaporization and combustion. This configuration enables efficient combustion of the low-calorific-value sulfur-containing methanol liquid within the small fire channel 8, allowing it to serve as an auxiliary heat source to replenish heat in a timely manner when the furnace temperature is insufficient, effectively preventing flame flickering or flameout caused by fluctuations in heat load.

[0052] Specifically, the sulfur-containing methanol liquid spray gun 100 includes a sulfur-containing methanol liquid inlet 101, an atomizing air inlet 102, and a sulfur-containing methanol liquid spray gun mounting flange 103. The sulfur-containing methanol liquid inlet 101 is used to input sulfur-containing methanol liquid, and the atomizing air inlet 102 is used to input high-pressure atomizing air (≥400KPa, such as 500KPa) to atomize the sulfur-containing methanol liquid and spray it into the small fire channel 8. The sulfur-containing methanol liquid spray gun mounting flange 103 is used to connect the sulfur-containing methanol liquid spray gun 100 to the gas combination spray gun 200. With the above configuration, the sulfur-containing methanol liquid can be atomized and used as fuel for combustion to provide heat, thereby maintaining the furnace temperature and stabilizing the main flame.

[0053] As a preferred example, the low-to-medium concentration acid gas spray gun 300, the combined gas spray gun 200, and the sulfur-containing methanol liquid spray gun 100 are integrated into one unit. The gas flow channels of the combined gas spray gun 200 and the sulfur-containing methanol liquid spray gun 100 are located within the low-to-medium concentration acid gas inlet pipe 302. This integrated design reduces the number of components and the volume occupied, while also enhancing the burner's ability to cope with fuel composition fluctuations. In the event of temperature fluctuations, it allows for flexible switching between various fuels such as sulfur-containing gas and sulfur-containing methanol liquid, reducing reliance on high-concentration acid gas or external fuel supplementation, thus offering good economic and environmental benefits.

[0054] Specifically, such as Figure 2As shown, the external mixing type continuous light 17 includes a continuous light gas conduit 176, a continuous light air conduit, a continuous light gas nozzle 178, and a continuous light burner nozzle 170. The continuous light gas conduit 176 is disposed inside the continuous light air conduit. The continuous light gas nozzle 178 is disposed near the end of the continuous light gas conduit 176. The continuous light burner nozzle 170 is located at the end of the continuous light burner nozzle 170. The continuous light gas nozzle 178 includes a primary gas nozzle and a secondary gas nozzle. The primary gas nozzle is used to spray primary gas from the side of the continuous light gas nozzle 178, and the secondary gas nozzle is used to spray secondary gas from the end of the continuous light gas nozzle 178. In this configuration, the externally mixed permanent lamp 17 employs a staged gas-air mixing method. The primary gas is excessively mixed with all the air, forming a stable, low-temperature, and covering diffusion flame layer around the outlet of the permanent lamp nozzle 170. This flame layer serves as a stable ignition source, providing reliable ignition conditions for the secondary gas. Furthermore, the low-temperature flame envelops and cools the metal wall of the permanent lamp nozzle 170 and the nearby ignition electrode 179, preventing them from being burned by high temperatures. The secondary gas directly enters the "flame stabilization layer" formed by the primary flame and is immediately ignited, burning completely outside the permanent lamp nozzle 170. This avoids the risk of backfire that might occur from premixing the gas inside the lamp, enhances the flame's anti-interference capability through the flame stabilizer, and achieves efficient and complete combustion because the secondary gas burns under the protection and guidance of the primary flame. This releases most of the heat required by the externally mixed permanent lamp 17, forming a high-temperature main flame that provides sufficient energy for igniting the main burner. It should be noted that the external mixing type continuous lamp 17 in this application also includes components such as a continuous lamp air inlet 171, a continuous lamp gas inlet 172, a continuous lamp ignition and discharge controller 173, a continuous lamp mounting flange 174, a continuous lamp ignition rod 175, a continuous lamp flame stabilizer 177, and an ignition electrode 179. The continuous lamp air inlet 171 is connected to the continuous lamp air conduit and is used to supply air to the small fire channel 8. The continuous lamp gas inlet 172 is connected to the continuous lamp gas conduit 176 and is used to supply continuous lamp gas to the small fire channel 8. The continuous lamp ignition and discharge controller 173 is connected to... The continuously lit lamp mounting flange 174 is located at the end away from the small fire channel 8 and is used to control the ignition of the external mixing continuously lit lamp 17. The continuously lit lamp ignition rod 175 and the ignition electrode 179 are used to generate an electric spark to ignite the mixture of gas and air in the external mixing continuously lit lamp 17. The continuously lit lamp flame stabilizer 177 is used to actively create and maintain a stable low-speed recirculation zone at the nozzle, stabilizing the low-temperature flame formed by the primary gas at the head of the continuously lit lamp nozzle 170, thereby protecting the continuously lit lamp nozzle 170 and ignition electrode 179 and other components, ensuring the long-term safe and stable operation of the external mixing continuously lit lamp 17.Specifically, the flow ratio of the gas supplied by the gas conduit 176 and the air supplied by the air conduit can be calculated based on the gas composition to control the flame temperature, prevent backfire of the external mixing type lamp 17, and provide a stable open flame for the burner's small fire channel 8, thus providing a strong guarantee for the stability of the main flame in the small fire channel 8.

[0055] In one optional example, the primary combustion gas accounts for 20% and is ejected from the side of the pilot light nozzle 178. It mixes with all the air in the external mixing pilot light 17, exceeding the oxygen content. At this point, the flame temperature is low, and with the action of the pilot light flame stabilizer 177, it will not burn out components such as the pilot light nozzle 170 and the ignition electrode 179, effectively solving the problem of pilot lights being easily damaged at high temperatures in the prior art. The secondary combustion gas accounts for 80% and is ejected from the end face of the pilot light nozzle 178, where it is completely combusted with the remaining air. Since the secondary combustion gas is ejected directly outside the pilot light nozzle 170, even with a secondary combustion gas content of 80%, it will not burn out components such as the pilot light nozzle 170, and it can also provide a continuous and stable main flame for the small fire channel 8.

[0056] Specifically, the temperature-controlled air collection chamber 15 is connected to the combustion air collection chamber 500 via a temperature-controlled air pipe 151. A temperature-controlled air regulating valve 152 and a temperature-controlled air flow meter 153 are installed in the temperature-controlled air pipe 151. A temperature-controlled air nozzle 154 is formed between the temperature-controlled air collection chamber 15 and the main combustion chamber 9, and a temperature-controlled air cyclone separator 155 is installed in the temperature-controlled air nozzle 154. The temperature-controlled air cyclone separator 155 is positioned close to the main combustion chamber 9. This arrangement accelerates the mixing of the temperature-controlled air with the gas in the main combustion chamber 9, thereby improving the combustion effect.

[0057] As an example of the present invention, one end of the sulfur-containing waste gas collection chamber 600 is connected to the sulfur-containing waste gas inlet 601 via the sulfur-containing waste gas inlet pipe 602, and the other end is connected to the main combustion channel 9 via the sulfur-containing waste gas nozzle 603. The sulfur-containing waste gas nozzle 603 is disposed in the temperature-controlled air nozzle 154, and the temperature-controlled air cyclone separator 155 is disposed on the outer periphery of the sulfur-containing waste gas nozzle 603. With the above arrangement, the sulfur-containing waste gas is first mixed with the temperature-controlled air when it is ejected, and then mixed with the high-temperature flue gas after the combustion of medium and low concentration acid gas. The hydrogen sulfide in the sulfur-containing waste gas is oxidized into sulfur dioxide at high temperature, achieving the purpose of burning sulfur-containing waste gas to produce acid. Under this condition, the sulfur-containing waste gas does not pass through the small combustion channel 8, and will not affect the combustion of the medium and low concentration acid gas in the center, nor will it affect the stability of the main flame. At this time, the burner only burns medium and low concentration acid gas and sulfur-containing waste gas, and can operate basically stably.

[0058] Specifically, refractory bricks 7 are provided on the outer periphery of the small fire channel 8, and a refractory lining 11 is provided on the circumference of the large fire channel 9. There is a gap between the outer periphery of the refractory bricks 7 and the inner periphery of the refractory lining 11, and the gap forms a temperature-regulating air nozzle 154. Through the above arrangement, new functional structures can be formed by making reasonable use of the gaps between the essential structures in the burner, which helps to achieve more functions with as few parts as possible.

[0059] As one optional example, a combustion air inlet pipe 501 is provided on the burner housing 13 at a position corresponding to the combustion air collecting chamber 500. One end of the combustion air inlet pipe 501 is connected to the combustion air collecting chamber 500, and the other end is connected to the combustion air inlet 502. The combustion air collecting chamber 500 is separated from the main fire channel 9 by a partition plate 14. A primary air throat 503 is provided on the partition plate 14 at a position corresponding to the small fire channel 8. A primary air cyclone separator 504 is provided in the primary air throat 503. Combustion air enters the combustion air inlet pipe 501 and is then transported to the combustion air collection chamber 500. Most of it enters the small fire channel 8 through the primary air throat 503 and the primary air cyclone separator 504, where it mixes with the medium- and low-concentration acid gas and is then combusted. The primary air cyclone separator 504 can effectively improve the mixing uniformity of the medium- and low-concentration acid gas and the combustion air, which helps to ensure the complete and stable combustion of the medium- and low-concentration acid gas.

[0060] Preferably, the burner further includes a flame detector 16, which extends into the small fire channel 8 to detect flame quality. By setting up the flame detector 16, the flame quality in the small fire channel 8 can be automatically and quantitatively detected in a timely manner. Based on the detection results, the flow rates of different media such as fuel, low-to-medium concentration acid gas, and sulfur-containing waste gas can be automatically adjusted to automatically control the burner and ensure stable combustion of the main flame, thus guaranteeing its acid production efficiency. Preferably, the flame detector 16 is communicatively connected to at least the external mixing continuous lamp 17, the low-to-medium concentration acid gas spray gun 300, the combustion air collection chamber 500, the sulfur-containing waste gas collection chamber 600, the temperature-regulating air collection chamber 15, the gas combination spray gun 200, and the sulfur-containing methanol liquid spray gun 100 to achieve automatic control of the above components.

[0061] As one example, a heat-insulating lining 12 is provided on the inner wall of the burner shell 13 corresponding to the main fire channel 9, and the heat-insulating lining 12 surrounds the outer periphery of the refractory lining 11. The end of the heat-insulating lining 12 near the partition plate is folded inward, and the folded portion is located between the intermediate partition plate 14 and the refractory lining 11. The heat-insulating lining 12 is used to protect the burner shell 13 from high-temperature damage, maintain the integrity of the shell structure, and prevent safety accidents caused by high surface temperatures.

[0062] Optionally, the burner is also provided with a viewing hole 4, which is connected to the small fire channel 8. The viewing hole 4 allows the operator to directly observe the state of the flame, so as to control it when manual operation is required, such as ignition, debugging, or troubleshooting.

[0063] As one optional example, a burner mounting flange 10 is provided at one end of the burner housing 13 for fixed installation of the burner. The burner mounting flange 10 provides a standard, reliable, and detachable mechanical connection interface between the burner and the upstream furnace or combustion chamber, facilitating its installation and connection.

[0064] Specifically, during the initial operation of the acid gas to sulfuric acid burner, all valves at the medium inlets are closed. Once ignition conditions are met, the external mixing pilot lamp 17 is ignited first. Air is introduced through the pilot lamp air inlet 171, and gas is introduced through the pilot lamp gas inlet 172. Simultaneously, the pilot lamp ignition discharge controller 173 controls the ignition electrode 179 to generate a spark. With gas, air, and ignition source all present, the external mixing pilot lamp 17 is ignited. The gas is guided through the pilot lamp gas conduit 176 to the pilot lamp burner nozzle 170 and then ejected at supersonic speed, mixing and burning simultaneously with the ignition air—a process known as diffusion combustion or external mixing combustion. The pilot lamp gas and pilot lamp air do not mix inside the pilot lamp and do not burn within it, thus preventing backfire. The combustion gas for the lamp is divided into two stages. The first stage, comprising 20% ​​of the combustion gas, is ejected from the side of the lamp's combustion gas nozzle 178. It mixes with all the air in the lamp, exceeding the oxygen content, and burns, resulting in a low flame temperature. With the help of the flame stabilizer 177, the first stage provides a stable, low-temperature flame for the lamp, preventing damage to the lamp's burner nozzle 170 and ignition electrode 179. The second stage is ejected from the end face of the lamp's combustion gas nozzle 178 and burns completely with the remaining air. The second stage is ejected directly outside the burner nozzle 170, ensuring that even with 80% combustion gas, it will not damage the burner nozzle 170 or other components. The flow ratio of the combustion gas and air is calculated based on the gas composition. The specific calculation method is not part of the improvements in this invention and will not be limited here. By controlling the flow ratio, the flame temperature is prevented from backfired in the externally mixed combustion lamp 17, ensuring its long-term safe and stable operation. This provides a continuous and stable open flame to the burner's small fire channel 8, creating favorable conditions for the stability of the main flame within the small fire channel 8.

[0065] After the external mixing lamp 17 is lit, main air is introduced through the combustion air inlet 502. Then, the ordinary gas valve 203 is opened, allowing ordinary gas to enter the burner through the ordinary gas inlet 204. The ordinary gas and main air meet in the small fire channel 8, and the main flame is ignited by the lamp flame. According to process requirements, when the furnace temperature rises to about 1000℃, medium- and low-concentration acid gas is introduced from the medium- and low-concentration acid gas inlet 301, while the ordinary fuel gas flow is gradually and slowly reduced until the medium- and low-concentration acid gas reaches its maximum flow rate. Then, the ordinary gas valve 203 is completely closed. The flame stability of the medium- and low-concentration acid gas flame is detected by the flame detector 16. If the flame quality detected by the flame detector 16 is less than 60%, the temperature regulating air valve 152 needs to be opened to allow air to enter the temperature regulating air collecting chamber 15 from the combustion air collecting chamber 500 through the temperature regulating air pipe 151. Then, the air is injected into the main fire channel 9 through the temperature regulating air nozzle 154 and the temperature regulating air cyclone separator 155. Medium- and low-concentration acidic gas mixes and burns with main air in small flue 8. Because some air is diverted into large flue 9, the excess oxygen in small flue 8 is reduced. During combustion of the medium- and low-concentration acidic gas with main air, the increased flame temperature improves flame stability, thus stabilizing the burner flame. The temperature in small flue 8 is controlled between 1150-1200℃. The flame temperature is calculated based on the air-fuel ratio according to the composition of the medium- and low-concentration acidic gas. Excess air is diverted into large flue 9 via temperature-regulating air valve 152 and temperature-regulating air flow meter 153, and then mixed with the flue gas after complete and stable combustion of the medium- and low-concentration acidic gas in small flue 8, ultimately obtaining the flue gas oxygen concentration that meets the process requirements.

[0066] After the low-to-medium concentration acidic gas has stabilized during combustion, sulfur-containing waste gas is introduced through the sulfur-containing waste gas inlet 601. The sulfur-containing waste gas then passes through the sulfur-containing waste gas collection chamber 600, the sulfur-containing waste gas inlet pipe 602, and the sulfur-containing waste gas nozzle 603 before being injected into the main combustion chamber 9. The sulfur-containing waste gas nozzle 603 is located around the refractory bricks 7. When the sulfur-containing waste gas is ejected, it first mixes with the temperature-regulating air, and then mixes with the high-temperature flue gas from the combustion of the low-to-medium concentration acidic gas. The hydrogen sulfide in the sulfur-containing waste gas is oxidized into sulfur dioxide at high temperature, achieving the purpose of burning the sulfur-containing waste gas to produce acid. During this process, the sulfur-containing waste gas does not pass through the small combustion chamber 8, so it will not affect the combustion of the central low-to-medium concentration acidic gas or the flame stability. At this time, the burner only burns the low-to-medium concentration acidic gas and the sulfur-containing waste gas, and can operate relatively smoothly.

[0067] If the furnace temperature is detected to be below 950℃, the sulfur-containing gas valve 202 is opened, allowing the sulfur-containing gas to be introduced into the burner's small flue 8 through the sulfur-containing gas inlet 201. The furnace temperature is maintained at around 1000℃ by supplementing the sulfur-containing gas. The flow rate of the sulfur-containing gas is generally not large. If the furnace temperature does not exceed 1200℃, all the sulfur-containing gas can be introduced into the burner for combustion to increase the furnace temperature and facilitate stable burner operation. If the sulfur-containing gas is completely introduced into the burner, the furnace temperature cannot be guaranteed to be 950℃. In this case, the sulfur-containing methanol liquid spray gun 100 can be used, allowing the sulfur-containing methanol liquid to be introduced into the gun body through the sulfur-containing methanol liquid inlet 101. At the same time, 500 kPa of atomizing air is introduced from the atomizing air inlet 102, allowing the sulfur-containing methanol liquid to be atomized and sprayed into the small flue 8, so that the sulfur-containing methanol liquid can be used as fuel for combustion to provide heat to maintain the furnace temperature.

[0068] The burner described in this example provides a multi-functional burner that primarily burns low-to-medium concentration acidic gases, while also capable of burning sulfur-containing waste gas, sulfur-containing fuel gas, and sulfur-containing methanol liquid. External mixing and fuel grading with a continuous-burner lamp ensure the burner does not backfire or burn out, and the lamp operates continuously for extended periods, providing a stable open flame. Temperature-regulating air is diverted from the main air supply to increase the fire channel temperature and ensure flame stability. Sulfur-containing waste gas is injected into the large fire channel from the periphery of the main flame, avoiding impact on the main flame while ensuring rapid contact with the high-temperature flue gas generated by the main flame. This rapidly oxidizes the hydrogen sulfide in the sulfur-containing waste gas into sulfur dioxide, providing the necessary conditions for sulfuric acid production. The burner can simultaneously burn sulfur-containing fuel gas and sulfur-containing methanol liquid, supplementing heat and increasing the flame and furnace temperatures to ensure safe and stable operation. This invention focuses on stabilizing the flame and provides a burner for the sulfuric acid production industry that can burn medium- and low-concentration acidic gases to produce sulfuric acid. This avoids the need to supplement with ordinary fuel gas and burn high-concentration acidic gases. It mainly produces sulfuric acid by burning medium- and low-concentration acidic gases with very narrow applications and sulfur-containing waste gases that pollute the environment, which can significantly improve the economic efficiency of this industry.

[0069] Example 2

[0070] This embodiment provides a method for using a burner, which is used in the burner described in Embodiment 1 for producing acid using medium- and low-concentration acidic gas and waste gas.

[0071] The method of use includes:

[0072] Step S1, Ignite the external mixing starter lamp: Introduce air and gas into the external mixing starter lamp respectively, and ignite it;

[0073] Step S2: Input combustion air and ordinary fuel gas into the small fire channel to ignite the main flame and raise the furnace temperature to close to the first preset temperature;

[0074] Step S3: Introduce medium- and low-concentration acidic gas into the small fire channel through a medium- and low-concentration acidic gas spray gun, and gradually shut off the ordinary gas supply until the medium- and low-concentration acidic gas reaches the maximum flow rate required by the process, and then completely shut off the ordinary gas supply.

[0075] Step S4: Monitor the flame quality in the small fire channel. When it is lower than the first preset value, activate the temperature-regulating air collection chamber to divert part of the main air to the large fire channel.

[0076] Step S5: Start the sulfur-containing waste gas collection chamber and transport sulfur-containing waste gas to the main flue. The sulfur-containing waste gas is first mixed with the air diverted in step S4 and then comes into contact with the high-temperature flue gas in the main flue.

[0077] Step S6: Monitor the temperature inside the small fire channel. When the temperature is lower than the second preset temperature, input sulfur-containing fuel gas and / or atomized sulfur-containing methanol liquid into the small fire channel to maintain the temperature of the small fire channel within the first preset range.

[0078] Optionally, the first preset temperature is 1000℃, the first preset value is 60%, the second preset temperature is 950℃, and the first preset range is 1000-1200℃.

[0079] With the above configuration, the burner does not need to co-burn high-concentration acid gas or fuel gas during long-cycle acid production. Only a small amount of ordinary fuel gas is used during the ignition stage. During the rest of the long-cycle acid production process, only low-to-medium concentration acid gas and exhaust gas are burned to ensure flame stability. When the flame temperature is lower than the process requirements, the burner can also be supplemented with heat by sulfur-containing fuel gas and / or sulfur-containing methanol liquid, maintaining the stability of burner operation and significantly reducing acid production costs. In addition, the burner can effectively remove pollutants from sulfur-containing exhaust gas during the acid production process, which has good environmental value.

[0080] Specifically, the input of the medium in each step of the above-described method can be achieved by using the components disclosed in Example 1, and will not be described in detail here.

[0081] It should be noted that all directional and positional terms used in this invention, such as "up," "down," "left," "right," "front," "back," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," "top," "lower," "head," "tail," and "center," are used only to explain the relative positional relationships and connections between components in a specific state. They are merely for the convenience of describing the invention and do not require the invention to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation; therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated.

[0082] While the present invention has been disclosed above, it is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make various modifications and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A burner for producing acid using medium-to-low concentration acidic gas and waste gas, characterized in that, include: The burner housing (13) has a large fire channel (9) and a small fire channel (8) formed inside it. The small fire channel (8) is partially embedded in the large fire channel (9). An external mixing type continuous lamp (17) extends through the burner housing (13) into the small fire channel (8) to provide a continuous and stable open flame for the small fire channel (8); A medium- and low-concentration acid gas spray gun (300) extends through the burner housing (13) into the small fire channel (8) to spray medium- and low-concentration acid gas into the small fire channel (8); The sulfur-containing waste gas collection chamber (600) is connected to the sulfur-containing waste gas nozzle (603) and is used to inject the sulfur-containing waste gas into the large fire channel (9); The combustion air collection chamber (500) is located inside the burner housing (13) on the side away from the main fire channel (9). The combustion air collection chamber (500) is connected to the small fire channel (8) and is used to provide combustion air to the small fire channel (8). Temperature-regulating air collection chamber (15) is connected to combustion air collection chamber (500) and main fire channel (9) respectively, and is used to extract part of the air in combustion air collection chamber (500) to input temperature-regulating air into main fire channel (9); A flame detector (16) extends into the small fire channel (8) to detect the flame quality; The medium-low concentration acid gas spray gun (300) includes a medium-low concentration acid gas inlet (301), a medium-low concentration acid gas inlet pipe (302), and a medium-low concentration acid gas spray gun mounting flange (303). The medium-low concentration acid gas inlet pipe (302) extends into the small fire channel (8) and is used to spray the medium-low concentration acid gas input from the medium-low concentration acid gas inlet (301) into the small fire channel (8). The medium-low concentration acid gas spray gun mounting flange (303) is fixedly connected to the burner housing (13). The external mixing type continuous lamp (17) includes a continuous lamp gas conduit (176), a continuous lamp air conduit, a continuous lamp gas nozzle (178), and a continuous lamp flame nozzle (170). The continuous lamp gas conduit (176) is located inside the continuous lamp air conduit. The continuous lamp gas nozzle (178) is located near the end of the continuous lamp gas conduit (176). The continuous lamp flame nozzle (170) is located at the end of the continuous lamp air conduit. The continuous lamp gas nozzle (178) includes a primary gas nozzle and a secondary gas nozzle. The primary gas nozzle is used to spray primary gas from the side of the continuous lamp gas nozzle (178). The secondary gas nozzle is used to spray secondary gas from the end of the continuous lamp gas nozzle (178). The temperature-controlled air collection chamber (15) and the combustion air collection chamber (500) are connected by a temperature-controlled air pipe (151). A temperature-controlled air regulating valve (152) and a temperature-controlled air flow meter (153) are provided on the temperature-controlled air pipe (151). A temperature-controlled air nozzle (154) is formed between the temperature-controlled air collection chamber (15) and the main fire channel (9). A temperature-controlled air cyclone separator (155) is provided in the temperature-controlled air nozzle (154). One end of the sulfur-containing waste gas collection chamber (600) is connected to the sulfur-containing waste gas inlet (601) through the sulfur-containing waste gas inlet pipe (602), and the other end is connected to the main fire channel (9) through the sulfur-containing waste gas nozzle (603). The sulfur-containing waste gas nozzle (603) is set in the temperature-regulating air nozzle (154), and the temperature-regulating air cyclone separator (155) is set on the outer periphery of the sulfur-containing waste gas nozzle (603).

2. The burner for producing acid using medium-to-low concentration acidic gas and waste gas as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The burner also includes a gas combination spray gun (200), which includes a sulfur-containing gas inlet (201) and a normal gas inlet (204). The sulfur-containing gas inlet (201) is used to input sulfur-containing gas into the small fire channel (8), and the normal gas inlet (204) is used to input normal gas into the small fire channel (8). The sulfur-containing gas inlet (201) and the normal gas inlet (204) are set relatively independently and are used to input gas into the small fire channel (8) individually or simultaneously.

3. A burner for producing acid using medium-to-low concentration acidic gas and waste gas as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The burner also includes a sulfur-containing methanol liquid spray gun (100), which is used to atomize the sulfur-containing methanol liquid and deliver it into the small fire channel (8).

4. The burner for producing acid using medium-to-low concentration acidic gas and waste gas as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The low-to-medium concentration acid gas spray gun (300), the gas combination spray gun (200), and the sulfur-containing methanol liquid spray gun (100) are integrated and arranged together. The gas flow pipes of the gas combination spray gun (200) and the sulfur-containing methanol liquid spray gun (100) are arranged inside the low-to-medium concentration acid gas inlet pipe (302).

5. A burner for producing acid using medium-to-low concentration acidic gas and waste gas as described in claim 4, characterized in that, A refractory brick (7) is provided on the outer periphery of the small fire channel (8), and a refractory lining (11) is provided on the circumferential surface of the large fire channel (9). There is a gap between the outer periphery of the refractory brick (7) and the inner periphery of the refractory lining (11), and the gap forms a temperature-regulating air nozzle (154).

6. A method of using a burner, for use with the burner as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The method of use includes: Step S1, Ignite the external mixing starter lamp: Introduce air and gas into the external mixing starter lamp respectively, and ignite it; Step S2: Input combustion air and ordinary fuel gas into the small fire channel to ignite the main flame and raise the furnace temperature to close to the first preset temperature; Step S3: Introduce medium- and low-concentration acidic gas into the small fire channel through a medium- and low-concentration acidic gas spray gun, and gradually shut off the ordinary gas supply until the medium- and low-concentration acidic gas reaches the maximum flow rate required by the process, and then completely shut off the ordinary gas supply. Step S4: Monitor the flame quality in the small fire channel. When it is lower than the first preset value, activate the temperature-regulating air collection chamber to divert part of the main air to the large fire channel. Step S5: Start the sulfur-containing waste gas collection chamber and transport sulfur-containing waste gas to the main flue. The sulfur-containing waste gas is first mixed with the air diverted in step S4 and then comes into contact with the high-temperature flue gas in the main flue. Step S6: Monitor the temperature inside the small fire channel. When the temperature is lower than the second preset temperature, input sulfur-containing fuel gas and / or atomized sulfur-containing methanol liquid into the small fire channel to maintain the temperature of the small fire channel within the first preset range.

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