Photovoltaic laying layout management method and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, in particular to a photovoltaic laying layout management method and system.The method comprises the steps that site three-dimensional data are obtained and modeled, then solar irradiation distribution and shadow simulation are calculated, candidate laying areas meeting conditions are divided, and assembly arrangement parameters including the orientation, the inclination angle and the distance are optimized; a layout scheme performance index is generated and evaluated, and finally an optimal scheme and a construction drawing are output; according to the method, the three-dimensional topographic data, the earth surface covering data and the meteorological data of the target site are acquired, the high-precision site three-dimensional digital model is constructed, and the distribution and shadow change of solar irradiation are calculated based on the model, so that the laying area is intelligently divided, and the arrangement parameters of the components are optimized; according to the method, a high shadow risk area can be accurately avoided, and the angle and the distance of the assembly are adaptively adjusted, so that solar radiation is received to the maximum extent, and the overall power generation efficiency and the land utilization rate of a photovoltaic system are remarkably improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, in particular to a photovoltaic laying layout management method and system. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of photovoltaic power generation technology, the large-scale construction of photovoltaic power stations puts forward higher requirements for the refinement and intelligentization of laying layout. The traditional photovoltaic laying layout method usually relies on manual experience or simple two-dimensional plane design, and arranges components through fixed inclination and spacing. This method does not fully consider the influence of terrain undulations, dynamic shadow changes and local irradiance differences on power generation efficiency.

[0003] Due to the lack of accurate analysis of the three-dimensional characteristics of the site and dynamic shadows in the prior art, the arrangement of components cannot avoid shadow shielding or uneven irradiation, resulting in a decrease in the power generation efficiency of part of the photovoltaic array, so that the performance of the overall system cannot reach the optimum, especially in complex terrain or sites with buildings, vegetation and other obstacles. The fixed arrangement method may cause local power generation loss, thereby affecting the overall economy and land utilization rate of the power station.

[0004] Therefore, in view of the above problems, the present application provides a photovoltaic laying layout management method and system, which realizes efficient arrangement of photovoltaic components through three-dimensional modeling, dynamic shadow simulation and adaptive optimization algorithm, so as to improve the power generation efficiency and land utilization rate. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to overcome the problem that the prior art is difficult to accurately adapt to complex terrain and dynamic shadow changes for photovoltaic laying layout, the present application provides a photovoltaic laying layout management method and system.

[0006] The technical scheme of the present application is: a photovoltaic laying layout management method and system, comprising the following steps: S1, acquiring three-dimensional terrain data, ground cover data, preset obstacle data and meteorological data of a target site, preprocessing the data, and constructing a three-dimensional digital model of the site; S2, based on the three-dimensional digital model of the site and the meteorological data, calculating the solar irradiance distribution map of the target site in a preset time period, and simulating and calculating the shadow distribution generated by the preset obstacles and terrain undulations in the preset time period; S3, combining the irradiance distribution map, the shadow distribution map, the ground cover data and the preset constraint conditions, automatically identifying and dividing a plurality of candidate laying sub-regions that meet the minimum irradiance threshold and avoid laying in the non-laying region; S4, for each candidate laying sub-region, based on the preset photovoltaic module specification parameters, the preset arrangement rules, and the irradiation distribution and the shadow distribution, optimally determining arrangement parameters of the photovoltaic modules in the sub-region, the arrangement parameters at least including module orientation, tilt angle, row spacing, and column spacing; S5, generating a photovoltaic module laying layout scheme on the three-dimensional digital model of the site according to the optimally determined arrangement parameters, calculating and evaluating key performance indicators of the layout scheme, the key performance indicators at least including total installed capacity, annual average power generation, land utilization rate, and expected return on investment rate; S6, outputting an optimal or preset requirement meeting laying layout scheme, and generating a construction drawing and a three-dimensional visualization model containing module position, orientation, and tilt angle information.

[0007] As a preferred, in step S3, the preset constraint conditions include: minimum safety distance, slope threshold, ecological protection zone, reserved channel, and regulatory required avoidance area.

[0008] As a preferred, in step S4, the dynamic optimization determination of the arrangement parameters specifically includes: adjusting the spacing and position between the modules based on the shadow distribution map to avoid high frequency and large area shadow coverage area; adjusting the tilt angle of the modules to maximize the local irradiance at different positions in the sub-region according to the irradiation distribution map; under the premise of meeting the structural safety and operation and maintenance requirements, optimizing the row spacing and column spacing to maximize the land utilization rate or the power generation per unit area.

[0009] As a preferred, step S4 further includes: according to the preset inverter specifications and series-parallel connection requirements, planning the division of module strings and the path of direct current convergence while arranging the modules.

[0010] As a preferred, in step S5, the evaluation of the key performance indicators further includes: calculating the power generation loss rate of the layout scheme under the preset shadow condition, and taking the loss rate as an important basis for scheme evaluation.

[0011] As a preferred, the method further includes: receiving change information or on-site survey review data in the actual construction process, updating the site three-dimensional digital model and the laying layout scheme, and reevaluating the key performance indicators.

[0012] As a preferred, a photovoltaic laying layout management system includes: A data acquisition and processing module for acquiring and processing three-dimensional terrain data, surface cover data, preset obstacle data, and meteorological data of a target site, and constructing a site three-dimensional digital model; An irradiation and shadow analysis engine for calculating a solar irradiation distribution map and dynamically simulating a shadow distribution based on the site three-dimensional digital model and the meteorological data; The regional intelligence division module is configured to identify and divide the candidate laying sub-regions based on the irradiation distribution map, the shadow distribution map, the ground cover data, and the preset constraint condition. The layout optimization engine is configured to optimize the arrangement parameters of the components based on the photovoltaic component specifications, the arrangement rules, the irradiation and shadow data for each candidate laying sub-region. The scheme generation and evaluation module is configured to generate a laying layout scheme, and calculate and evaluate key performance indicators. The output and visualization module is configured to output the optimal layout scheme, the construction drawing, and the three-dimensional visualization model. The central control and storage module is configured to coordinate the operation of the modules, and store the input data, the intermediate results, and the final scheme.

[0013] Preferably, the layout optimization engine comprises a shadow avoidance unit and an inclination optimization unit, the shadow avoidance unit is configured to adjust the spacing and position of the component diameter to avoid the high shadow risk area, and the inclination optimization unit is configured to adaptively adjust the component inclination according to the local irradiation data.

[0014] Preferably, the layout optimization engine further comprises a spacing optimization unit and a string planning unit, the spacing optimization unit is configured to optimize the row spacing and the column spacing to improve the land utilization rate or the power generation per unit area, and the string planning unit is configured to plan the division of the strings and the direct current confluence path.

[0015] Preferably, the system further comprises a cable routing optimization module, which is configured to calculate and optimize the shortest path or the lowest loss path of the alternating current or direct current cable based on the component position, the confluence point position, and the inverter position after the layout scheme is determined.

[0016] Advantages of the present application: The present application acquires the three-dimensional terrain data, the ground cover data, and the meteorological data of the target site, constructs a high-precision three-dimensional digital model of the site, and calculates the distribution of solar irradiation and the shadow change based on the model, so as to intelligently divide the layable area and optimize the arrangement parameters of the components. The method overcomes the defects of the traditional photovoltaic layout which relies on a fixed arrangement mode and is difficult to adapt to complex terrain and dynamic shadows, can accurately avoid the high shadow risk area, adaptively adjusts the angle and spacing of the components, thereby maximizes the reception of solar irradiation, and significantly improves the overall power generation efficiency and the land utilization rate of the photovoltaic system. The finally generated layout scheme comprehensively considers the irradiation optimization, the shadow avoidance, and the engineering constraint, thereby ensuring the efficient and stable operation of the photovoltaic power station in a complex environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 The laying layout flowchart of the present application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0019] Please refer to Figure 1 The present application provides an embodiment: a photovoltaic laying layout management method, and the specific steps are as follows: First, the three-dimensional terrain data of the target site is obtained by unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey, laser radar scanning or satellite remote sensing technology, including elevation information and slope direction, and at the same time, the ground cover data such as vegetation and building distribution and the preset obstacle data such as the position of the power pole and the equipment box are collected, combined with the meteorological data such as historical solar radiation and cloud cover, the original data is processed by denoising, registration and fusion using geographic information system (GIS) and three-dimensional modeling software, thereby constructing a high-precision three-dimensional digital model of the site, which can truly reflect the terrain undulation, ground obstacle distribution and surrounding environment characteristics, thereby providing basic data support for subsequent irradiation analysis and component layout optimization.

[0020] Based on the constructed three-dimensional digital model of the site, the light tracing algorithm is used to simulate the sun's orbit, calculate the interaction of sunlight with terrain and obstacles in different seasons and time periods, and generate a one-year solar radiation intensity distribution heat map with an hour as the time resolution, and at the same time, the real-time shadow range and moving path generated by the terrain undulation and obstacles in the process of the sun's azimuth change are dynamically calculated by the geometric optics method, a shadow coverage frequency distribution map on the time sequence is established, and the high-risk areas with a shadow duration exceeding a set threshold value throughout the year are highlighted and marked, thereby providing a quantitative basis for the layout avoidance strategy of photovoltaic components.

[0021] Combined with the irradiation distribution map and the shadow frequency map, the image segmentation algorithm is used to divide the site into a plurality of candidate sub-regions, first, the unusable areas with a slope exceeding a safety threshold, ecological protection restrictions or regulations prohibiting development are excluded, then the potential usable areas meeting the annual average effective irradiation amount threshold are selected according to the irradiation intensity threshold, and further, the morphological processing method is applied to eliminate scattered small area regions and retain continuous and continuous high-quality laying blocks, finally, the candidate laying area set with priority score and boundary coordinates is output, and each area is attached with detailed irradiation characteristics and shadow risk index parameters.

[0022] For each candidate laying sub-region, a nonlinear optimization model is established to maximize power generation, and a multivariate collaborative optimization algorithm is designed, in which the component inclination is solved by gradient descent method according to the local irradiance characteristics of the sub-region, the row spacing of the component is calculated based on the principle that no front row shadow obstruction is generated during the period of 9:00-15:00 of the winter solstice, the column spacing is checked and adjusted according to the operation channel requirement and wind pressure resistance structure stability, and the genetic algorithm is introduced to iteratively optimize the component plane arrangement position, so that the overall layout maximizes the shadow avoidance rate on the premise of meeting the electrical safety distance, and finally outputs the optimal component arrangement matrix parameter set of each sub-region.

[0023] The optimized arrangement scheme of each sub-region is integrated into the three-dimensional digital model of the site, the performance model of the photovoltaic component is called to calculate the total installed capacity and the expected annual power generation, the finite element method is used to check the stress distribution of the support structure, the system efficiency curve under different weather conditions is evaluated, and the land utilization rate and unit capacity cost are calculated, a multi-dimensional evaluation system including technical parameters and economic benefits is established, and the layout scheme with the highest comprehensive score is selected as the final implementation scheme from multiple feasible schemes through the weighted scoring method.

[0024] Based on the determined final scheme, two-dimensional construction drawings conforming to engineering drawing standards are automatically generated, the installation coordinates, orientation angle and inclination angle parameters of each photovoltaic component are marked in detail, the component series-parallel connection wiring diagram and cable routing path planning diagram are output, and an interactive three-dimensional visualization model is constructed to support the rotation of the viewing angle and the dynamic demonstration of the sunlight shadow, and engineering technical documents including the bill of materials, construction procedures and acceptance standards are generated, thereby providing complete digital guidance documents for on-site construction, so as to realize seamless connection from design to construction.

[0025] Further, the present application provides an embodiment, in the construction stage, the actual installation data collected by the mobile terminal is compared with the design model, the deviation of the component installation position is detected by using the differential GPS positioning technology, when the design change requirements such as the change of geological conditions or obstacles adjustment are found, the change information is fed back to the system in time, so as to trigger the update of the local model and the re-optimization of the layout, and through iteration, the final constructed photovoltaic system is kept highly consistent with the optimized design scheme, so as to maximize the design expectation of the power generation performance.

[0026] Further, the present application provides an embodiment that, after the system is running, actual power generation data and environmental monitoring data of the photovoltaic array are continuously collected, compared and analyzed with the predicted values in the design stage, a power generation efficiency attenuation model and a shadow influence correction coefficient are established, and the system parameter library and the algorithm model are regularly updated, so that when new buildings or vegetation growth around the site causes changes in the shadow pattern, an adaptive adjustment program can be started to re-optimize the component working parameters, thereby forming a closed-loop optimization management system for the whole life cycle of design-construction-operation.

[0027] Further, for large distributed photovoltaic projects, the present method supports collaborative optimization functions for multiple plots, a centralized monitoring platform of a regional energy management center is established, real-time operation data of multiple sites are integrated, a distributed computing architecture is used to jointly schedule photovoltaic systems across regions, and under the condition of meeting the grid access constraints, complementary optimization of photovoltaic power generation within a region is realized, thereby improving the overall renewable energy consumption ratio and power supply stability.

[0028] The embodiments of the present application fully integrate advanced technical means such as three-dimensional geographic information technology, solar motion trajectory algorithm, shadow dynamic simulation technology and intelligent optimization algorithm, and construct a virtual-real mapping photovoltaic system whole life cycle management framework through digital twinning technology, which significantly improves the power generation efficiency and return on investment of photovoltaic power stations compared with traditional design methods, and is particularly suitable for complex terrain mountain photovoltaic, building integrated photovoltaic and new photovoltaic application scenarios such as agricultural-photovoltaic complementary, and provides an innovative technical solution for the intelligent development of the photovoltaic industry.

[0029] Further, the present application provides an embodiment of a photovoltaic laying layout management system, comprising: a data acquisition and processing module, configured to acquire and process three-dimensional terrain data, ground cover data, preset obstacle data and meteorological data of a target site, and construct a three-dimensional digital model of the site; a radiation and shadow analysis engine, configured to calculate a solar radiation distribution map and dynamically simulate a shadow distribution based on the three-dimensional digital model of the site and the meteorological data; a regional intelligent division module, configured to identify and divide candidate laying sub-regions based on the radiation distribution map, the shadow distribution map, the ground cover data and preset constraint conditions; a layout optimization engine, configured to optimize arrangement parameters of photovoltaic components for each candidate laying sub-region based on the specifications of the photovoltaic components, arrangement rules, radiation and shadow data; a scheme generation and evaluation module, configured to generate a laying layout scheme, calculate and evaluate key performance indicators; an output and visualization module, configured to output an optimal layout scheme, construction drawings and a three-dimensional visualization model; Central control and storage module, for coordinating the operation of each module, storing input data, intermediate results and final scheme.

[0030] The layout optimization engine includes a shadow avoidance unit and a tilt optimization unit, the shadow avoidance unit is used to adjust the spacing and position of the component diameter to avoid high shadow risk area, and the tilt optimization unit is used to adaptively adjust the component tilt according to the local irradiation data.

[0031] The system also includes a cable routing optimization module for calculating and optimizing the shortest path or the lowest loss path of the alternating current or direct current cable based on the component position, the busbar position and the inverter position after the layout scheme is determined.

[0032] Further, the present application provides an embodiment of a mountain photovoltaic power station intelligent layout: In a certain mountain photovoltaic power station project in northwest China, first of all, the three-dimensional terrain data of the field area is obtained by using unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey, then the coverage range of the ground vegetation is identified in combination with satellite images, 10 years of solar radiation data of the local meteorological station is collected, a digital elevation model containing elevation, slope direction and ground type is generated by using point cloud processing software, based on the model, the astronomical algorithm is used to calculate the sun's orbit, the shadow dynamic change from sunrise to sunset in different seasons is simulated, the high shadow risk area around the north slope of the mountain ridge and the rock group is identified, the continuous available area with a southward slope less than 25 degrees is automatically divided as the photovoltaic array candidate area, for each candidate area, the component tilt is optimized to maximize the winter power generation, the minimum row spacing is calculated by using the winter solstice shadow length, and the component arrangement is optimized by using the genetic algorithm, finally, the land utilization rate is improved by 18%, the expected annual average power generation is increased by 22%, and the three-dimensional visualization model is used to guide the construction lofting, so as to ensure the accurate installation under the complex terrain condition.

[0033] Further, the present application provides an embodiment of a distributed roof photovoltaic system planning: In the roof photovoltaic planning of 20 factory buildings in a certain industrial park, the three-dimensional model of the roof is obtained by using airborne laser radar scanning, so as to accurately measure the size of obstacles such as ventilation equipment and parapet, the position data of the power access points of the park is integrated, the system automatically analyzes the shadow distribution of each roof at different times, identifies the area with equipment shadow coverage more than 3 hours / day and marks it as a forbidden area, determines the upper limit of the installation density of the components according to the roof bearing limit, uses a discrete optimization algorithm to customize the component arrangement for each roof, the 10-degree tilt east-west double-row arrangement is used in the flat roof area, and the components are installed along the roof slope in the inclined roof, all strings are connected to the distributed inverters according to the principle of proximity, and finally the total installed capacity reaches 6.8MW, the cable loss is reduced by 15%, and the AR construction navigation system is used to realize the synchronous and efficient construction of multiple buildings.

[0034] Further, the application provides an embodiment of a desert photovoltaic power station sand-dust resistance optimization: In a Xinjiang desert photovoltaic project, in addition to conventional terrain scanning, a wind-sand dune accumulation model is established by integrating historical sandstorm data, the movement law of sand dunes and the dust accumulation distribution on the surface of components are simulated, and on the basis of traditional irradiation optimization, a sand-dust resistance design strategy is added: the array spacing is expanded to 1.3 times of the conventional value to reduce the risk of vortex sand accumulation, the component inclination is adjusted to 35 degrees to facilitate the sliding of sand particles, and a mechanical sand cleaning channel is reserved upstream of the dominant wind direction, a chessboard type staggered layout is generated through multi-objective optimization, the expected annual cleaning frequency is reduced from 12 times to 8 times, the power generation capacity attenuation rate is controlled within 5%, and a supporting intelligent cleaning robot path planning scheme is provided, so as to realize the optimization of the whole life cycle operation and maintenance cost.

[0035] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application in other forms. Any skilled person in the art can use the disclosed technical content to make changes or modifications to equivalent embodiments applied to other fields, but any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made on the basis of the technical essence of the present application to the above embodiments without departing from the technical solution content of the present application shall still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic installation layout management method, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1, obtaining three-dimensional terrain data, surface cover data, preset obstacle data and meteorological data of a target site, preprocessing the data, and constructing a three-dimensional digital model of the site; S2, based on the three-dimensional digital model of the site and the meteorological data, calculating the solar radiation distribution map of the target site within a preset time period, and simulating the shadow distribution generated by the preset obstacles and the terrain undulations within the preset time period; S3, combining the radiation distribution map, the shadow distribution map, the surface cover data and the preset constraint conditions, automatically identifying and dividing a plurality of candidate laying sub-regions that meet the minimum radiation threshold and avoid the non-laying area; S4, for each candidate laying sub-region, based on the preset photovoltaic module specification parameters, the preset arrangement rules and the radiation distribution and shadow distribution, the arrangement parameters of the photovoltaic module in the sub-region are optimized and determined, and the arrangement parameters at least include module orientation, inclination, row spacing and column spacing; S5, according to the optimized arrangement parameters, generating a photovoltaic module laying layout scheme on the three-dimensional digital model of the site, calculating and evaluating the key performance indicators of the layout scheme, and the key performance indicators at least include total installed capacity, annual average power generation, land utilization rate and expected investment return rate; S6, outputting the optimal or meeting the preset requirement laying layout scheme, and generating a construction drawing and a three-dimensional visualization model containing component position, orientation and inclination information.

2. The photovoltaic installation layout management method of claim 1, wherein, In step S3, the preset constraint conditions include: minimum safety distance, slope threshold, ecological protection area, reserved channel and regulatory avoidance area.

3. The photovoltaic installation layout management method of claim 1, wherein, In step S4, the dynamic optimization of determining the arrangement parameters specifically includes: adjusting the spacing and position between the modules based on the shadow distribution map to avoid high-frequency and large-area shadow coverage area; adjusting the inclination of the module to maximize the local radiation received at different positions in the sub-region according to the radiation distribution map; on the premise of meeting the structural safety and operation and maintenance requirements, optimizing the row spacing and column spacing to maximize the land utilization rate or the power generation per unit area.

4. The photovoltaic installation layout management method of claim 3, wherein, Step S4 further comprises: according to the preset inverter specifications and series-parallel connection requirements, planning the division of module strings and the path of direct current convergence while arranging the modules.

5. The photovoltaic installation layout management method of claim 1, wherein, In step S5, the evaluation of the key performance indicators further includes: calculating the power generation loss rate of the layout scheme under the preset shadow condition, and taking the loss rate as an important basis for scheme evaluation.

6. The photovoltaic installation layout management method of claim 1, wherein, The method further comprises: receiving change information or on-site survey review data in the actual construction process, updating the three-dimensional digital model of the site and the laying layout scheme, and reevaluating the key performance indicators.

7. A photovoltaic installation layout management system employing a photovoltaic installation layout management method according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Comprise: a data acquisition and processing module for acquiring and processing three-dimensional terrain data, surface cover data, preset obstacle data and meteorological data of a target site, and constructing a three-dimensional digital model of the site; a radiation and shadow analysis engine for calculating the solar radiation distribution map and dynamically simulating the shadow distribution based on the three-dimensional digital model of the site and the meteorological data; a regional intelligent division module for identifying and dividing candidate laying sub-regions based on the radiation distribution map, the shadow distribution map, the surface cover data and the preset constraint conditions; The layout optimization engine is configured to optimize the arrangement parameters of the photovoltaic components based on the photovoltaic component specifications, arrangement rules, irradiation and shadow data for each candidate laying sub-area; The scheme generation and evaluation module is configured to generate a laying layout scheme and calculate and evaluate key performance indicators; The output and visualization module is configured to output the optimal layout scheme, construction drawings and a three-dimensional visualization model; The central control and storage module is configured to coordinate the operation of the modules and store input data, intermediate results and final schemes.

8. A photovoltaic installation layout management system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The layout optimization engine comprises a shadow avoidance unit and an inclination optimization unit, the shadow avoidance unit is configured to adjust the spacing and position of the component diameters to avoid high shadow risk areas, and the inclination optimization unit is configured to adaptively adjust the component inclination according to local irradiation data.

9. A photovoltaic installation layout management system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The layout optimization engine further comprises a spacing optimization unit and a string planning unit, the spacing optimization unit is configured to optimize the row spacing and column spacing to improve land utilization or unit area power generation, and the string planning unit is configured to plan the division of the strings and the direct current busbar path.

10. A photovoltaic installation layout management system according to claim 7, wherein: The system further comprises a cable routing optimization module, which is configured to calculate and optimize the shortest path or the lowest loss path of the alternating current or direct current cable based on the component position, the busbar position and the inverter position after the layout scheme is determined.

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