Particle heater and energy storage system

Abstract

The invention provides a particle heater and an energy storage system, and the particle heater comprises a housing which is provided with a feed port located at the top and a discharge port located at the bottom; electric heating elements are arranged in the multiple turbulent flow units, the multiple turbulent flow units are arranged in the shell and form a heating area, the turbulent flow units are arranged in a layered mode in the direction from the feeding port to the discharging port, gaps allowing particles to pass through are reserved between the turbulent flow units on the same layer, and the turbulent flow units on the adjacent layers are arranged in a staggered mode; and the turbulent flow units on the adjacent layers are positioned at different horizontal positions and are arranged at intervals. The multiple layers of turbulent flow units which are arranged in a staggered mode are arranged in the shell, particles can flow towards the two sides of the turbulent flow units randomly in the layer-by-layer falling process, then flow dividing and mixing are conducted continuously, the motion trails of the particles are randomized, each particle can make contact with the surface of the heated turbulent flow unit with the similar probability, and the heating uniformity is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage technology, specifically to a pellet heater and energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the increasing proportion of clean energy in the power system, the power grid faces the dual challenges of volatility in new energy generation and widening peak-valley load differences. Off-peak electricity thermal storage technology, which utilizes electricity generated during off-peak hours (such as nighttime) to store heat in energy storage media and release it during peak hours, is an effective means to achieve peak shaving and valley filling in the power grid, improve the absorption capacity of new energy sources, and optimize the allocation of power resources. For energy-consuming enterprises, utilizing the peak-valley electricity price difference can significantly reduce overall energy costs, resulting in a high return on investment. Among various thermal storage technologies, thermochemical thermal storage has attracted much attention due to its high energy density and high upper limit of storage temperature. Forming thermochemical energy storage materials into solid particles and heating them using off-peak electricity is a highly promising technological approach.

[0003] Currently, equipment capable of continuous high-temperature heating of solid particles mainly includes rotary kilns and chain continuous heating furnaces. However, these devices generally suffer from an inherent drawback: they typically require the installation of moving parts such as auger feeders or mesh belt drives. Under high-temperature conditions, these metal moving parts are highly susceptible to thermal deformation, leading to malfunctions such as jamming and seizure, severely impacting the reliability and stability of the equipment and increasing maintenance costs.

[0004] To address these issues, a gravity flow heating scheme with no moving parts has been proposed, where particles flow downwards within the heating pipe solely due to gravity. However, this scheme faces new technical challenges: thermochemical solid particles typically have poor thermal conductivity. If a simple tubular heating structure is used, such as external electric heating, the particles fall under gravity inside the pipe, and heat transfer from the pipe wall inwards rapidly diminishes. This results in particles near the pipe wall being excessively hot, while particles in the central region are too cold and insufficiently heated. This severe heating unevenness not only reduces energy utilization efficiency but may also lead to incomplete thermochemical reactions, affecting energy storage performance.

[0005] Therefore, how to design a device with no moving parts, reliable structure, and effective overcoming of the problem of poor thermal conductivity of thermochemical solid particles to achieve uniform and efficient heating of particulate materials is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to solve the technical problems of poor reliability of moving parts or uneven heating in existing particle heating equipment, and provides a particle heater with simple structure, no moving parts, reliable and stable operation and uniform particle heating, and an energy storage system using the same.

[0007] This invention provides a particle heater, comprising: The housing has a feed inlet at the top and a discharge outlet at the bottom; Multiple turbulence units are provided, each with an internal electric heating element. The multiple turbulence units are arranged inside the housing to form a heating area. The turbulence units are arranged in layers along the direction from the inlet to the outlet. There are gaps between the turbulence units in the same layer for particles to pass through. The turbulence units in adjacent layers are staggered and located at different horizontal positions, arranged at intervals.

[0008] According to the above technical solution, this invention, by setting multiple layers of staggered turbulence units within the shell, causes particles to randomly flow to the left and right sides of the turbulence units as they fall layer by layer. These particles are then continuously diverted and disturbed by the different levels of turbulence units, randomizing their trajectory. Each particle, during its downward flow, can contact the heated surface of the turbulence unit with approximately the same probability, thereby improving heating uniformity. Simultaneously, the entire heating process relies on gravity to drive particle flow, with no moving parts inside. This fundamentally avoids the risk of jamming caused by high-temperature thermal deformation of moving parts, significantly improving operational reliability and stability, and reducing maintenance costs.

[0009] Optionally, a connecting funnel is provided between the heating zone and the discharge port, and the connecting funnel is gradually tapered along the direction from the heating zone to the discharge port.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, the gradually narrowing connecting funnel can smoothly collect the large cross-section particle flow to the small cross-section discharge port, while facilitating the control of the discharge flow rate.

[0011] Optionally, the connecting funnel is also equipped with a particle guiding structure, and a valve is also provided at the discharge port.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, by setting a particle flow guiding structure inside the connecting funnel, the velocity distribution of particles during the collection process can be effectively improved, allowing particles in the heating area to flow downwards at a more uniform overall speed. This further ensures the consistency of particle residence time in the heating area, thereby improving heating uniformity. Furthermore, by setting a valve at the discharge port, the overall particle flow rate and velocity can be actively controlled, thus ensuring that the heating power of the turbulence unit matches the particle flow rate.

[0013] Optionally, the layered turbulence units are sequentially configured as a low-power heating zone and a high-power heating zone along the direction from the inlet to the outlet.

[0014] According to the above technical solution, by dividing the heating area into power zones, using lower power heating in the low-temperature particle zone and higher power heating in the high-temperature particle zone, the heating demand of the particles can be better matched, the heat transfer temperature difference can be reduced, thereby reducing heat loss and effectively improving the overall energy utilization efficiency.

[0015] Optionally, the gap width between adjacent turbulence units in each layer varies along the direction from the inlet to the outlet.

[0016] Optionally, the gap width between adjacent turbulence units in each layer is set to a gradual change in width from the inlet to the outlet along the direction from the inlet to the outlet, with the gap being narrower at the top and wider at the bottom.

[0017] According to the above technical solution, when the particles are thermochemical energy storage particles that undergo thermochemical reactions upon heating and release gas, the narrower gap at the top ensures dense particle filling, while the gradually widening gap at the bottom increases the particle flow rate, thereby creating a cavity at the bottom for easy exhaust. Simultaneously, as the particles move downwards, the temperature increases, and gas production increases; the wider gap design at the bottom facilitates smooth gas exhaust, preventing the thermochemical reaction from being inhibited due to excessively high local gas concentrations.

[0018] Optionally, the gap width between adjacent turbulence units in each layer is set to a gradual change in width from top to bottom along the direction from the inlet to the outlet.

[0019] According to the above technical solution, the wider gap at the top helps the particles to enter and fill quickly, while the gradually narrowing gap at the bottom ensures that the entire heating area can remain filled with particles even when the particles are flowing downwards. This avoids gaps or heat exchange dead zones that may be caused by poor particle flow or uneven speed, thereby ensuring that the surface of all turbulence units is in full contact with the particles and ensuring heating efficiency.

[0020] Optionally, the shell is also connected to a negative pressure oxygen collection device for collecting and storing the oxygen generated by the particles during the heating process.

[0021] According to the above technical solution, when thermochemical energy storage particles such as metal oxides are used, they absorb heat at high temperatures, undergo a reduction reaction, and release oxygen. Through a negative pressure oxygen collection device, not only can the generated oxygen be discharged in a timely manner to promote the forward reaction, but the collected oxygen can also be stored. The collected oxygen can be reused as a reactant in subsequent exothermic reaction stages, avoiding resource waste and heat loss, and improving the overall thermal efficiency and economy of the system.

[0022] Optionally, the outer surface of the turbulence unit is made of a high-temperature resistant and wear-resistant material, and the outer surface of the turbulence unit is made of an anti-oxidation material or has undergone anti-oxidation treatment.

[0023] According to the above technical solution, the turbulence unit can maintain stability under the continuous flow and scouring of high-temperature particles, while preventing the thermal conductivity from decreasing due to surface oxidation, thus ensuring efficient heat transfer and durability.

[0024] The present invention also provides an energy storage system, comprising: a pellet heater, a hot tank, a heat exchanger, and a cold tank arranged sequentially and connected to each other, wherein the pellet heater is the aforementioned pellet heater. Thermochemical energy storage particles circulate between the pellet heater, hot tank, heat exchanger, and cold tank. The pellet heater is connected to the external power grid. The heat exchanger heats water into steam by inputting thermochemical energy storage particles, which is then supplied to the outside. The pellet heater and the heat exchanger are also interconnected by a negative pressure oxygen collection device. The negative pressure oxygen collection device is used to collect the oxygen generated in the pellet heater and transport it to the heat exchanger for exothermic reaction. The pellet heater is configured to heat the thermochemical energy storage particles and store them in the hot tank when the external power grid is in off-peak hours. The thermochemical energy storage particles in the hot tank are input to the heat exchanger to release heat according to the timed steam supply demand and then stored in the cold tank.

[0025] Based on the above technical solution, a complete and efficient off-peak electricity energy storage and heating / power supply energy storage system is constructed using the reliable and uniformly heated pellet heater of this invention. This energy storage system can efficiently convert electrical energy into thermochemical energy and store it for extended periods during off-peak electricity hours, releasing it on demand during peak hours, thus achieving peak shaving and valley filling and utilizing low-cost electricity. Simultaneously, by collecting and recycling the oxygen generated in the pellet heater, overall energy efficiency is improved. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the particle heater in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the particle heater in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the heating region in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the energy storage system in the third embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Reference numerals: Particle heater 100, shell 10, inlet 11, outlet 12, turbulence unit 20, negative pressure oxygen collection device 30, connecting funnel 40, particle flow guiding structure 41, cylindrical discharge pipe 42, energy storage system 200, hot tank 201, heat exchanger 202, cold tank 203, elevator 204, feed buffer tank 205, first temperature sensor 206, second temperature sensor 207, third temperature sensor 208, first particle flow valve 209, particle flow meter 210, second particle flow valve 211, third particle flow valve 212, air pump 213, gas flow valve 214, gas flow meter 215, fan 216, external power grid 300. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] <First Implementation Method> refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, a particle heater 100 includes a housing 10 and a plurality of turbulence units 20 for heating thermochemical particles, such as manganese-based metal oxide particles.

[0030] The housing 10 has a feed inlet 11 at the top and a discharge outlet 12 at the bottom.

[0031] In this embodiment, the shell 10 is a vertical container with a long rectangular cross-section. Understandably, it can also be other shapes, such as a circular cross-section. The top of the shell 10 is provided with a feed inlet 11 for receiving particles from upstream equipment, such as a cold tank or a feed buffer tank, and the bottom of the shell 10 is provided with a discharge outlet 12 for discharging heated high-temperature particles.

[0032] Multiple turbulence units 20 are disposed inside the housing 10, and an electric heating element is provided inside. The multiple turbulence units 20 form a heating area inside the housing 10.

[0033] In this embodiment, the turbulence unit 20 can be a cylindrical hollow tube, and the outer surface material of the turbulence unit 20 is a material that is resistant to high temperature, wear and oxidation, or has undergone anti-oxidation treatment.

[0034] Each turbulence unit 20 has an electric heating element (not shown in the figure) installed in its internal cavity. In this embodiment, the electric heating element is a heating wire. By embedding the heating wire in the turbulence unit 20, it can be effectively protected from direct contact with particles, avoiding wear. At the same time, it can isolate the oxygen-rich atmosphere that may be formed by the endothermic reaction between the heating wire and the particles, preventing oxidation of the heating wire surface and ensuring service life and reliability.

[0035] The turbulence units 20 are arranged in layers in the housing 10 along the direction from the inlet 11 to the outlet 12, that is, in the vertical direction. There are gaps between the turbulence units 20 in the same layer for particles to pass through. The turbulence units 20 in adjacent layers are staggered and located at different horizontal positions, and are arranged at intervals.

[0036] Specifically, the adjacent upper and lower layers of turbulence units 20 are staggered horizontally and spaced apart vertically. Furthermore, the center of the lower layer turbulence unit 20 is directly opposite the center of the gap between adjacent upper layer turbulence units 20, and the turbulence unit 20 in the lower layer that is attached to the inner wall of the housing 10 is directly opposite the gap between the turbulence unit 20 adjacent to the inner wall of the housing 10 in the upper layer and the inner wall of the housing 10.

[0037] refer to Figure 3 The arrows in the figure indicate the particle flow path. When the particles enter from the feed inlet 11, they flow downward under the action of gravity. After passing through the gap of the first layer of turbulence unit 20, the particle flow will be blocked by the top of the second layer of turbulence unit 20 and randomly split to the left and right sides, and then merge into the gap of the second layer. The particles will be randomly split continuously during the process of falling layer by layer.

[0038] Furthermore, traditional particle heating structures typically provide particles with a fixed and tortuous heat transfer path, while this invention forms a multi-level staggered turbulence structure through the staggered arrangement of multiple turbulence units 20. Furthermore, the center of the cylindrical turbulence unit 20 is directly opposite the center of the gap between adjacent turbulence units 20 in the previous layer, causing the particles to randomly split to the left or right after flowing through each layer of gaps. After flowing through multiple layers, the particles can achieve sufficient dispersion and mixing, so that particles entering from different initial positions can contact the heated surface of the turbulence unit 20 with similar probability, thereby improving heating uniformity.

[0039] Furthermore, in this embodiment, by coordinating the gap width between adjacent turbulence units 20 in the same layer and the vertical distance between the center lines of the turbulence units 20 in adjacent layers, the particles are randomly diverted to the left and right sides with equal probability as much as possible, so as to improve the heating uniformity.

[0040] Specifically, refer to Figure 3 The gap width between adjacent turbulence units 20 in the same layer is W.

[0041] When the gap width W is too small, it is easy to cause particle blockage and affect the heating efficiency; when the gap width W is too large, when the particle flow passes through the turbulence unit 20, the turbulence unit 20 can only contact the two sides of the particle flow, making it difficult to effectively heat the particles located in the middle position, affecting the heating effect. At the same time, it will also affect the flow and mixing effect of the particles in the next layer, affecting the heating uniformity.

[0042] In this embodiment, the gap width W is greater than the particle size and smaller than the diameter of the turbulence unit 20. Furthermore, the gap between the turbulence unit 20 adjacent to the inner wall of the housing 10 and the inner wall of the housing 10 is also smaller than the diameter of the turbulence unit 20.

[0043] Furthermore, the goal of setting the gap width W is to be as small as possible while ensuring smooth particle flow without clogging, so as to enhance the contact between the particles and the heating surface. In this embodiment, the gap width W is set to 3-10 times the maximum particle diameter, which can ensure smooth particle passage and avoid the risk of clogging, while allowing the particles to contact the turbulence unit 20 for heat exchange to ensure the heating effect, and at the same time ensure the random flow distribution effect.

[0044] refer to Figure 3 The vertical distance between the center lines of the turbulence units 20 in adjacent layers is H.

[0045] When the vertical distance H is too small, the particles flowing downward from the gap of the upper layer do not have enough time and space to diffuse laterally. The particles will tend to move along the original inertial direction, causing the particles to come into contact with the side of the next layer of turbulence unit 20. They cannot be effectively diverted by the top of the next layer of turbulence unit 20, which affects the random diversion effect.

[0046] When the vertical distance H is too large, particles are prone to excessive diffusion, causing them to deviate from the center of the next layer of turbulence unit 20, affecting the random flow distribution effect and flow distribution stability. In addition, it will also reduce the number of turbulence units 20 that can be set within the same heating area height, affecting the heating effect.

[0047] In this embodiment, the diameter of the cylindrical turbulence unit 20 is D, the center-to-center distance between adjacent turbulence units 20 in the same layer is D+W, and the vertical distance H is set to 0.5(D+W)≤H≤1.2(D+W).

[0048] Preferably, the centers of three adjacent turbulence units 20 in adjacent layers form an equilateral triangle, so that when the particle flow falling from the center of the gap in the upper layer reaches the lower layer, its diffusion range covers the top of the turbulence unit 20 in the lower layer, so that the particle flow can be stably and almost symmetrically randomly divided to the left and right sides. After multiple layers of random division, the heating uniformity is guaranteed.

[0049] In this embodiment, the temperature distribution at the outlet section of the heating zone can also be detected, and the average temperature distribution at the outlet section of the heating zone can be used as the optimization target to optimize and adjust the number of layers of turbulence units 20 in the heating zone, the diameter of turbulence units 20, the gap width between adjacent turbulence units 20 in the same layer, and the vertical distance between the center lines of turbulence units 20 in adjacent layers.

[0050] Furthermore, the more layers of turbulence units 20 are set in the heating area, the more thorough the turbulence and the more uniformly the particles are heated. The settings can be adjusted according to actual heating requirements.

[0051] In some implementations, the shape of the turbulence unit 20 can also be other shapes that can achieve random flow splitting and disturbance, such as elliptical cylinders, triangular cylinders, etc.

[0052] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the layered turbulence units 20 are sequentially configured as a low-power heating zone and a high-power heating zone along the direction from the feed inlet 11 to the discharge outlet 12, thus dividing the heating area into two sections: the upper part near the feed inlet 11 is the low-power heating zone, and the lower part near the discharge outlet 12 is the high-power heating zone. By inputting different electrical power to the electric heating elements in different areas, low-temperature particles can be preheated in the low-power heating zone, and high-temperature particles can be rapidly heated to the target temperature in the high-power zone. This better matches the heating requirements of the particles, reduces the heat transfer temperature difference, thereby reducing heat loss and improving overall energy utilization efficiency.

[0053] In some embodiments, the input power of the electric heating element in the turbulence unit 20 can be set in a gradually increasing manner along the direction from the feed inlet 11 to the outlet of the heating zone, in order to match the temperature rise requirement of the particles being gradually heated from a low temperature to a high temperature.

[0054] The gap width between adjacent turbulence units 20 in each layer varies along the direction from the inlet 11 to the outlet 12.

[0055] In this embodiment, the gap width between adjacent turbulence units 20 in each layer varies along the direction from the inlet 11 to the outlet 12.

[0056] Specifically, considering that the heated manganese-based metal oxide particles undergo a reduction reaction and release oxygen at high temperatures, the gap width between adjacent turbulence units 20 in each layer is set to a gradually changing form, narrower at the top and wider at the bottom, along the direction from the feed inlet 11 to the discharge outlet 12. The narrower gap ensures dense filling of the upper particles, while in the lower part where the reaction is vigorous and oxygen production is high, the gradually widening gap allows the particle flow rate to gradually increase, and correspondingly creates cavities, thus providing an exhaust channel for the gas produced in the reaction. As the particles move downwards and the temperature rises, the gas production increases, and the wider gap facilitates the smooth exhaust of the gas, avoiding the inhibition of the continued thermochemical reaction due to excessively high local gas concentration.

[0057] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a negative pressure oxygen collection device 30 is also connected to the side wall of the shell 10. This negative pressure oxygen collection device 30 creates a negative pressure inside the shell 10, particularly in the lower region, using equipment such as a vacuum pump. This allows the high-temperature oxygen generated by the reaction to be extracted and collected in a gas storage container in a timely manner. While ensuring that the particles can continue to undergo the reduction reaction, the collected high-temperature oxygen can be reused as a reactant in subsequent exothermic reaction stages, avoiding resource waste and heat loss, and improving the overall thermal efficiency and economy of the system.

[0058] In this embodiment, the negative pressure oxygen collection device 30 can be connected to the high-power heating zone accordingly. It can work in coordination with the gap width between the adjacent turbulence units 20 of each layer, which is set to a gradual change in width from the inlet 11 to the outlet 12, making it easier to discharge and collect and store high-temperature oxygen.

[0059] In this embodiment, a connecting funnel 40 is provided between the heating zone and the discharge port 12. The connecting funnel 40 is gradually tapered from the heating zone to the discharge port 12. Specifically, a connecting funnel 40 connected to the discharge port 12 is provided below the heating zone. The discharge port 12 is connected to a cylindrical discharge pipe 42 leading to the outside. The connecting funnel 40 has a tapered structure that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, which is used to smoothly transition the rectangular cross-section of the heating zone to the circular cross-section of the discharge port 12.

[0060] Furthermore, the connecting funnel 40 is also provided with a particle guiding structure 41. (Reference) Figure 2In this embodiment, the particle guiding structure 41 consists of a set of Λ-shaped guide plates fixed to the inner wall of the housing 10. The guide plates include a first Λ-shaped guide plate located in the middle below the heating zone, and two second Λ-shaped guide plates positioned on either side of the first Λ-shaped guide plate. This particle guiding structure 41 can redistribute the concentrated particle flow in the heating zone, preventing excessively high central velocity and edge stagnation when the particle flow passes through the connecting funnel 40. This ensures that the particle velocity is uniformly distributed across the cross-section throughout the heating zone, thereby improving heating uniformity.

[0061] Furthermore, a valve is also provided at the discharge port 12. In this embodiment, by controlling the opening degree of the valve, the overall flow rate and velocity of the particles can be actively adjusted, so that the heating power of the turbulence unit 20 can be matched with the particle flow rate, thereby accurately controlling the particle temperature at the discharge port 12.

[0062] <Second Implementation Method> In this embodiment, the gap width between adjacent turbulence units 20 in each layer of the first embodiment, which is set to a gradual change in width from the inlet 11 to the outlet 12, is replaced by a gap width between adjacent turbulence units 20 in each layer, which is set to a gradual change in width from the inlet 11 to the outlet 12, which is set to a gradual change in width from the inlet 11 to the outlet 12.

[0063] Specifically, the wider gap at the top helps newly entering particles to fill quickly, while the gradually narrowing gap at the bottom ensures that the entire heating area is always filled with particles even when the particles are flowing downwards. This avoids gaps or heat exchange dead zones that may be caused by poor particle flow or uneven speed, thereby ensuring that the surfaces of all turbulence units 20 are in full contact with the particles and ensuring heating efficiency.

[0064] This embodiment is applicable to thermochemical energy storage particles that do not produce gas or produce very little gas during the heating process, or when maximizing space utilization and heat exchange efficiency are the primary requirements.

[0065] <Third Implementation Method> refer to Figure 4 The energy storage system 200 in this embodiment includes a particle heater 100, a hot tank 201, a heat exchanger 202 and a cold tank 203 arranged in sequence and connected to each other, which constitute a circulation loop for thermochemical energy storage particles.

[0066] The particle heater 100 is the particle heater 100 of the first embodiment or the second embodiment.

[0067] Furthermore, a hoist 204 is provided between the cold tank 203 and the particle heater 100 to transport the thermochemical energy storage particles in the cold tank 203 to the particle heater 100.

[0068] An upstream feed buffer tank 205 is also provided for the pellet heater 100. The thermochemical energy storage pellets in the cold tank 203 first enter the feed buffer tank 205 and then enter the pellet heater 100.

[0069] The discharge port of the pellet heater 100 is also equipped with a first temperature sensor 206, the hot tank 201 is equipped with a second temperature sensor 207, and the cold tank 203 is equipped with a third temperature sensor 208, which are used to detect the temperature of the thermochemical energy storage pellets.

[0070] A first particle flow valve 209 and a particle flow meter 210 are provided between the particle heater 100 and the hot tank 201. A second particle flow valve 211 is provided between the hot tank 201 and the heat exchanger 202. A third particle flow valve 212 is provided between the cold tank 203 and the elevator 204. These are used to regulate and detect the flow rate of the thermochemical energy storage particles.

[0071] Furthermore, the particle heater 100 and the heat exchanger 202 are interconnected via a negative pressure oxygen collection device. This device collects the oxygen generated in the particle heater 100 and delivers it to the heat exchanger 202 for an exothermic reaction. In this embodiment, the negative pressure oxygen collection device collects and stores the high-temperature oxygen in the particle heater 100 into a gas storage container (not shown in the figure) via a gas pump 213. The gas pump 213 is connected to the heat exchanger 202 and is equipped with a gas flow valve 214 and a gas flow meter 215. In addition, a fan 216 is provided to deliver the high-temperature oxygen to the heat exchanger 202.

[0072] In this embodiment, an external fluidized bed is used as the heat exchange method. In some embodiments, a moving bed heat exchange can also be used. External fluidized beds have a high heat transfer coefficient, while moving beds have high heat transfer efficiency. The choice can be made according to actual needs.

[0073] In this embodiment, the electric heating element of the pellet heater 100 is connected to the external power grid 300. The heat exchanger 202 heats water into steam by inputting thermochemical energy storage pellets, which then supply steam to the outside. The pellet heater 100 is configured to heat the thermochemical energy storage pellets during off-peak hours of the external power grid 300 and store them in the hot tank 201. The thermochemical energy storage pellets in the hot tank 201 are input to the heat exchanger 202 to release heat according to the demand for timed steam supply and then stored in the cold tank 203. Specifically, the operation of the energy storage system 200 in this embodiment is divided into two stages: Energy Storage Stage: During off-peak electricity hours, the energy storage system 200 is activated. The pellet heater 100 is connected to the external power grid 300 and begins operation. Low-temperature thermochemical energy storage pellets from the cold tank 203 are lifted and fed into the pellet heater 100. The pellets are uniformly heated to the preset reduction reaction temperature within the pellet heater 100, during which electrical energy is converted into sensible heat and chemical energy of the pellets. Simultaneously, the oxygen released from the reaction is collected and stored by a negative pressure oxygen collection device. The heated high-temperature pellets are discharged from the outlet 12 and transported to the hot tank 201 for long-term storage.

[0074] Energy Release Phase: During periods when industrial production requires steam or the power grid is experiencing peak electricity demand, the system releases energy on demand. High-temperature thermochemical particles stored in the hot tank 201 are transported to the heat exchanger 202. Simultaneously, oxygen collected and stored by the negative pressure oxygen collection device is also transported to the heat exchanger 202. In an oxygen-rich environment, the particles undergo an exothermic oxidation reaction, the opposite of the energy storage process, rapidly releasing a large amount of high-temperature heat. This heats the water flowing through the tube bundle inside the heat exchanger 202 into high-temperature, high-pressure steam, which is then supplied to the outside. After the exothermic reaction is complete, the cooled particles enter the cold tank 203, awaiting the next energy storage cycle.

[0075] The energy storage system 200 in this embodiment realizes the transfer and storage of electrical energy into high-quality thermal energy during off-peak hours through the above-mentioned cycle, and can be efficiently released according to the demand for timely steam supply, which has significant economic benefits and peak-shaving value.

[0076] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A granule heater characterized by, The particle heater comprises: a shell having a feeding port at the top and a discharging port at the bottom; a plurality of turbulence units provided with electric heating elements, which are arranged in the shell and form a heating area, wherein the turbulence units are arranged in layers along the direction from the feeding port to the discharging port, the turbulence units in the same layer are arranged with gaps for the particles to pass through, the turbulence units in adjacent layers are arranged in a staggered manner, and the turbulence units in adjacent layers are arranged at different horizontal positions.

2. The particle heater according to claim 1, wherein a connecting funnel is arranged between the heating area and the discharging port, and the connecting funnel is arranged in a tapered manner along the direction from the heating area to the discharging port.

3. The particle heater according to claim 2, wherein a particle flow guide structure is further arranged in the connecting funnel, and a valve is further arranged at the discharging port.

4. The particle heater according to claim 1, wherein the turbulence units arranged in layers are arranged in a low-power heating area and a high-power heating area along the direction from the feeding port to the discharging port.

5. The particle heater according to claim 1, wherein the gap width between the adjacent turbulence units in each layer is arranged in a variable manner along the direction from the feeding port to the discharging port.

6. The particle heater according to claim 5, wherein the gap width between the adjacent turbulence units in each layer is arranged in a tapered manner with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part along the direction from the feeding port to the discharging port.

7. The particle heater according to claim 5, wherein the gap width between the adjacent turbulence units in each layer is arranged in a tapered manner with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part along the direction from the feeding port to the discharging port.

8. The particle heater according to claim 1, wherein the shell is further connected with a negative pressure oxygen collecting device for collecting and storing the oxygen generated by the particles during the heating process.

9. The particle heater according to claim 1, wherein the outer surface of the turbulence unit is made of high-temperature-resistant and wear-resistant material, and the outer surface of the turbulence unit is made of antioxidant material or is subjected to antioxidant treatment.

10. An energy storage system characterized by, The particle heater, the hot tank, the heat exchanger and the cold tank are arranged in sequence and connected with each other, the particle heater is the particle heater according to any one of claims 1-9, the particle heater, the hot tank, the heat exchanger and the cold tank circulate the thermo-chemical energy storage particles, the particle heater is connected with an external power grid, the heat exchanger heats water into steam by inputting the thermo-chemical energy storage particles for exothermic reaction and then supplies steam to the outside, the particle heater and the heat exchanger are further connected with each other through a negative pressure oxygen collecting device, the negative pressure oxygen collecting device is used for collecting the oxygen generated in the particle heater and delivering it to the heat exchanger for exothermic reaction, the particle heater is configured to heat the thermo-chemical energy storage particles and store them in the hot tank when the external power grid is in a valley power period, the thermo-chemical energy storage particles in the hot tank are input into the heat exchanger for exothermic reaction according to the timing of steam supply demand and then stored in the cold tank. ​

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