Battery equalization method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of batteries, and discloses a battery equalization method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium. According to the embodiment of the invention, whether the battery system can be prepared for equalization starting or not is judged, and the system is controlled to enter the equalization preparation state when the system can be prepared for equalization starting, so that relevant parameters for judging whether the battery system can start battery equalization or not are obtained in the equalization preparation stage; by means of determining the battery equalization level after the battery equalization of the system so as to execute the battery equalization operation of the corresponding level, the consistency of the battery cells can be improved at least, the charging and discharging depth of the power battery can be controlled, the safety of the battery can be improved, the service life of the battery can be prolonged, and the driving range of the whole vehicle can be further prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery balancing method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] Since the development and popularization of new energy vehicles, their safety and reliability have always been of paramount importance. As one of the core components of electric vehicles, the stability of the power battery performance plays a decisive role in the overall vehicle performance. Therefore, it is essential to consider the performance requirements of both the vehicle and the battery, and to conduct research on the balance of the battery system. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a battery balancing method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium, which can at least improve the consistency of battery cells, help control the depth of charge and discharge of power batteries, improve battery safety, extend battery life, and further extend the driving range of the entire vehicle.

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a battery balancing method, comprising at least:

[0005] Determine whether the battery system meets the conditions for balanced startup preparation;

[0006] When the battery system meets the equalization start-up preparation conditions, the battery system is controlled to enter the equalization preparation state.

[0007] In response to the entry of the equalization preparation state, the nominal capacity of a single cell is obtained and the dynamic voltage reference of the battery system is periodically determined at least during the initial state charging cycle. After the initial state charging cycle ends, the single cell charge, average charge reference and voltage change curve of the battery system during the initial state charging cycle are determined.

[0008] The single-cell battery capacity deviation or percentage deviation is calculated based on the average battery capacity benchmark, the nominal capacity of the single-cell battery, and the charge capacity of the single-cell battery.

[0009] The system determines whether to initiate battery balancing based on the single-cell battery charge deviation or charge deviation percentage, multi-level deviation thresholds, the dynamic voltage reference, and the voltage change curve. If initiated, the system determines the battery balancing level and performs the corresponding level of battery balancing operation.

[0010] Optionally, the equalization start-up preparation conditions include at least: the battery system is in charging mode and the charging current of the battery system is not lower than a preset current threshold.

[0011] In addition, during a preset period before the equalization start-up judgment time, the lowest temperature of the battery pack of the battery system is above the first temperature threshold and the highest temperature of the battery pack is below the second temperature threshold.

[0012] Furthermore, the battery system is not in a preset fault state;

[0013] Wherein, the first temperature threshold is less than the second temperature threshold.

[0014] Optionally, the initial state charging cycle refers at least to the first charging cycle after the battery system enters the equalization preparation state;

[0015] The dynamic voltage reference is determined at least by the following means:

[0016] ;

[0017] In the above formula, V avg (t) represents the dynamic voltage reference that varies at least with time t; n represents the total number of individual cells in the battery system; V k (t) represents the real-time voltage of the k-th single cell at time t; 1≤k≤n, where n and k are both positive integers.

[0018] Optionally, the charge capacity of the single battery cell is determined at least by the following methods:

[0019] ;

[0020] In the above formula, Q k I represents the amount of charge received by the k-th cell in any charging cycle T; charge (τ) represents the charging current of any single cell that varies at least with time τ.

[0021] Optionally, the average energy reference is determined at least by the following means:

[0022] ;

[0023] In the above formula, Q avg The average energy consumption reference is denoted as 1≤k≤n, where n and k are both positive integers.

[0024] Optionally, the single-cell charge deviation is determined at least by the following methods:

[0025] ;

[0026] In the above formula, ΔQ k This indicates the deviation in the charge level of the single battery cell.

[0027] Optionally, the percentage of the power deviation is determined at least by the following means:

[0028] ;

[0029] In the above formula, δ k Indicates the percentage of the power deviation; C rated This indicates the nominal capacity of the single battery cell.

[0030] Based on the same concept, in a second aspect, the present invention also provides a battery balancing device for performing the battery balancing method described in any one of the first aspects;

[0031] The battery equalization device includes at least:

[0032] The condition judgment module is used to determine whether the battery system meets the conditions for balanced start-up.

[0033] The state control module is used to control the battery system to enter the equalization preparation state when the battery system meets the equalization start-up preparation conditions.

[0034] The parameter determination module is used to respond to the entry of the equalization preparation state, obtain the nominal capacity of a single battery cell and periodically determine the dynamic voltage reference of the battery system at least during the initial state charging cycle, and determine the single battery cell charge, average charge reference and voltage change curve of the battery system during the initial state charging cycle after the initial state charging cycle ends.

[0035] The deviation calculation module is used to calculate the single-cell battery power deviation or power deviation percentage based on the average power benchmark, the nominal capacity of the single-cell battery, and the charging power of the single-cell battery.

[0036] The start-up judgment module is used to determine whether to start battery balancing based on the single cell battery power deviation or power deviation percentage, multi-level deviation thresholds, the dynamic voltage reference and the voltage change curve. If it is started, the battery balancing level is determined and the corresponding level of battery balancing operation is performed.

[0037] Based on the same concept, in a third aspect, the present invention also provides an electronic device including a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program executable on the processor, the processor executing the program to implement the steps of the battery balancing method of any of the first aspects.

[0038] Based on the same concept, in a fourth aspect, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the battery balancing method of any one of the first aspects.

[0039] The technical solution provided by this invention first determines whether the battery system meets the equalization start-up preparation conditions; further, when the battery system meets the equalization start-up preparation conditions, the battery system is controlled to enter the equalization preparation state; further, in response to entering the equalization preparation state, the nominal capacity of a single battery cell is obtained and the dynamic voltage reference of the battery system is periodically determined at least during the initial state charging cycle, and after the initial state charging cycle ends, the charge amount of a single battery cell, the average charge reference, and the voltage change curve of the battery system during the initial state charging cycle are determined; further, the charge deviation or charge deviation percentage of a single battery cell is calculated based on the average charge reference, the nominal capacity of a single battery cell, and the charge amount of a single battery cell; finally, based on the charge deviation or charge deviation percentage of a single battery cell, as well as the multi-level deviation threshold, the dynamic voltage reference, and the voltage change curve, it is determined whether to start battery equalization, and if it is started, the battery equalization level is determined.

[0040] Therefore, the embodiments of the present invention determine whether the battery system is ready for equalization startup, and when the system is ready for equalization startup, control the system to enter the equalization preparation state. Then, during the equalization preparation stage, relevant parameters for determining whether the battery system can start battery equalization are obtained. Finally, after the system can perform battery equalization, the battery equalization level is determined and the corresponding level of battery equalization operation is performed. This means can at least improve the consistency of the battery cells, help control the depth of charge and discharge of the power battery, improve battery safety, extend battery life, and further extend the driving range of the entire vehicle. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a battery balancing method provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery balancing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0045] The terminology used in the embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application. The singular forms “a,” “said,” and “the” used in the embodiments of this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms, and “multiple” generally includes at least two unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0046] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0047] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used in the embodiments of this application, these descriptions should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the descriptions. For example, first may also be referred to as second without departing from the scope of the embodiments of this application, and similarly, second may also be referred to as first.

[0048] Depending on the context, the words “if” or “suppose” as used here can be interpreted as “when” or “in response to determination” or “in response to detection.” Similarly, depending on the context, the phrases “if determination” or “if detection (of the stated condition or event)” can be interpreted as “when determination” or “in response to determination” or “when detection (of the stated condition or event)” or “in response to detection (of the stated condition or event).”

[0049] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such an article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the article or device that includes said element.

[0050] It should be noted that any symbols and / or numbers present in the specification that are not marked in the accompanying drawings are not reference numerals.

[0051] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a battery balancing method provided by an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is at least applicable to battery management scenarios of lithium iron phosphate power batteries in new energy vehicles. The battery balancing method can be, but is not limited to, executed by the battery balancing device in this embodiment as the execution subject, which can be implemented in software and / or hardware. Figure 1As shown, the battery balancing method includes at least the following steps:

[0052] S1. Determine whether the battery system meets the conditions for balanced start-up.

[0053] Among them, the conditions for balanced start-up are at least related to the characteristic parameters of the battery system, which can be adaptively configured according to the actual vehicle use.

[0054] In one specific implementation, optionally, the equalization start-up preparation conditions include at least: the battery system is in charging mode and the charging current of the battery system is not lower than a preset current threshold (the preset current threshold may be, for example, 0.1C). rated C rated This refers to the nominal capacity of a single battery cell, for example, 173Ah; and, within a preset period of time (e.g., 10s, 20s, 1min, etc.) before the equalization start judgment time, the lowest temperature of the battery pack in the battery system is above the first temperature threshold (e.g., 10℃) and the highest temperature of the battery pack is below the second temperature threshold (e.g., 45℃); and, the battery system is not in a preset fault state (which may be, but is not limited to, single cell overvoltage, undervoltage, overtemperature alarm, etc.); wherein, the first temperature threshold is less than the second temperature threshold.

[0055] S2. When the battery system meets the conditions for equalization start-up, control the battery system to enter the equalization preparation state.

[0056] Among them, the equalization preparation state can refer to the preparation stage of the battery system before performing battery equalization.

[0057] S3. In response to entering the equalization preparation state, obtain the nominal capacity of a single cell and periodically determine the dynamic voltage reference of the battery system at least during the initial state charging cycle, and after the initial state charging cycle ends, determine the single cell charge, average charge reference and voltage change curve of the battery system during the initial state charging cycle.

[0058] During the initial charging cycle, the dynamic voltage reference of the battery system can be determined every 10 seconds.

[0059] In another specific implementation, the initial state charging cycle may optionally refer to the first charging cycle after the battery system enters the equalization preparation state.

[0060] The dynamic voltage reference is determined at least by the following means:

[0061] ;

[0062] In the above formula, V avg(t) represents the dynamic voltage reference that varies at least with time t; n represents the total number of individual cells in the battery system; V k (t) represents the real-time voltage of the k-th cell at time t; 1≤k≤n, where n and k are both positive integers.

[0063] In yet another specific implementation, the charge capacity of a single battery cell can optionally be determined at least by the following means:

[0064] ;

[0065] In the above formula, Q k I represents the amount of charge received by the k-th cell in any charging cycle T; charge (τ) represents the charging current of any single cell that varies at least with time τ.

[0066] In yet another specific implementation, the average energy reference may optionally be determined at least by the following means:

[0067] ;

[0068] In the above formula, Q avg This represents the average energy consumption baseline; 1 ≤ k ≤ n, where n and k are both positive integers.

[0069] It is understandable that any of the aforementioned charging cycles T can specifically refer to the initial charging cycle, Q k In essence, it can be the actual amount of charge received by a single battery cell over the entire initial charging cycle (from the start to the end of charging) calculated using the ampere-hour integration method. For example, the end of the initial charging cycle can be marked by the battery system's charging current falling below a set current threshold (e.g., 0.05C). rated And continue for a set time (e.g., 5 minutes).

[0070] S4. Calculate the single-cell battery capacity deviation or percentage based on the average capacity benchmark, the nominal capacity of a single cell, and the charge capacity of a single cell.

[0071] The percentage of battery capacity deviation can be obtained by dividing the battery capacity deviation of a single cell by the aforementioned nominal capacity of the single cell.

[0072] In yet another specific implementation, the single-cell charge deviation can optionally be determined by at least the following methods:

[0073] ;

[0074] In the above formula, ΔQ k This indicates the deviation in charge level of a single battery cell.

[0075] In yet another specific implementation, the percentage of power deviation may optionally be determined by at least the following means:

[0076] ;

[0077] In the above formula, δ k Indicates the percentage of battery charge deviation; C rated This indicates the nominal capacity of a single battery cell.

[0078] S5. Determine whether to start battery balancing based on the single cell charge deviation or charge deviation percentage, multi-level deviation thresholds, dynamic voltage reference, and voltage change curve. If started, determine the battery balancing level and perform the corresponding level of battery balancing operation.

[0079] Step S5 above can be divided into two working conditions:

[0080] The first operating condition: Based on the single cell charge deviation, multi-level deviation threshold (which can specifically refer to the multi-level charge deviation threshold), dynamic voltage reference, and voltage change curve, determine whether to start battery equalization. If it is started, determine the battery equalization level and perform the corresponding level of battery equalization operation.

[0081] The second operating condition: Based on the percentage of battery charge deviation, multi-level deviation thresholds (which may specifically refer to the multi-level deviation percentage thresholds), dynamic voltage reference, and voltage change curve, determine whether to activate battery balancing. If activated, determine the battery balancing level and perform the corresponding level of battery balancing operation.

[0082] In another specific implementation, taking single-cell battery power deviation and multi-level power deviation threshold as examples, the battery balancing operation can correspond to the multi-level power deviation threshold.

[0083] More specifically, Level 1 battery balancing operation (no balancing): When the charge deviation of a single battery cell is less than the Level 1 charge deviation threshold, the battery can be determined to be in good condition, and balancing is not performed to reduce unnecessary energy loss and device aging.

[0084] Secondary battery balancing operation (standard balancing): Standard balancing can be triggered when the charge deviation of a single cell is not less than the primary charge deviation threshold but less than the secondary charge deviation threshold (the primary charge deviation threshold is less than the secondary charge deviation threshold). That is, conventional passive discharge or low-power active balancing is used, and the balancing current is set to the standard value.

[0085] Level 3 battery balancing operation (enhanced balancing): Enhanced balancing can be triggered when the charge deviation of a single cell is not less than the Level 2 charge deviation threshold. The balancing current can be increased to M times the aforementioned standard value (M can be an integer greater than 1, such as 2), and continuous monitoring of the involved single cell is maintained. The balancing timing can be extended beyond the end of charging to include balancing when the battery is idle, until the charge deviation of a single cell falls back to the standard balancing range (i.e., the charge deviation of a single cell is not less than the Level 1 charge deviation threshold, but less than the Level 2 charge deviation threshold).

[0086] In addition, if a particularly large capacity deviation is found in a single cell after the initial charging cycle (e.g., not less than the secondary capacity deviation threshold), the BMS can be invoked to determine the dynamic voltage deviation record based on the voltage change curve. If the record shows that the voltage of that single cell remains consistently higher than the average throughout the charging process (i.e., the aforementioned dynamic voltage reference), the capacity deviation result is considered reliable, and enhanced equalization can be performed. Conversely, if the record is normal but the capacity deviation is abnormal, a message such as "Current integration error or sampling fault, requiring careful handling or alarm" can be displayed.

[0087] The technical solution provided in this embodiment first determines whether the battery system meets the equalization start-up preparation conditions; further, when the battery system meets the equalization start-up preparation conditions, it controls the battery system to enter the equalization preparation state; further, in response to entering the equalization preparation state, it acquires the nominal capacity of a single battery cell and periodically determines the dynamic voltage reference of the battery system at least during the initial state charging cycle, and after the initial state charging cycle ends, it determines the single-cell battery charge, average charge reference, and voltage change curve of the battery system during the initial state charging cycle; further, it calculates the single-cell battery charge deviation or charge deviation percentage based on the average charge reference, the nominal capacity of a single battery cell, and the single-cell battery charge; finally, it determines whether to start battery equalization based on the single-cell battery charge deviation or charge deviation percentage, multi-level deviation thresholds, dynamic voltage reference, and voltage change curve, and if it is started, it determines the battery equalization level.

[0088] Therefore, this embodiment determines whether the battery system is ready for equalization startup, and controls the system to enter the equalization preparation state when the system is ready for equalization startup. Then, during the equalization preparation stage, it obtains relevant parameters for determining whether the battery system can start battery equalization. Finally, after the system can perform battery equalization, it determines the battery equalization level and performs the corresponding level of battery equalization operation. This method can at least improve the consistency of the battery cells, help control the depth of charge and discharge of the power battery, improve battery safety, extend battery life, and further extend the driving range of the entire vehicle.

[0089] It should be noted that active balancing transfers energy from batteries with higher state of charge (SOC) to those with lower SOC. This balancing method is costly and complex to implement. In contrast, passive balancing dissipates the energy of one or more high-charge cells through parallel resistors. This method is low-cost, simple to control, and easily modularized.

[0090] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a battery balancing device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is at least applicable to battery management scenarios for lithium iron phosphate power batteries in new energy vehicles. The battery balancing device can be implemented using software and / or hardware. Figure 2 As shown, the battery balancing device is used to perform the battery balancing method of any of the foregoing embodiments or implementations.

[0091] The battery equalization device includes at least:

[0092] Condition judgment module 110 is used to determine whether the battery system meets the equalization start-up preparation conditions;

[0093] The state control module 120 is used to control the battery system to enter the equalization preparation state when the battery system meets the equalization start-up preparation conditions.

[0094] The parameter determination module 130 is used to respond to the entry of the equalization preparation state, obtain the nominal capacity of a single cell battery and periodically determine the dynamic voltage reference of the battery system at least during the initial state charging cycle, and determine the single cell battery charge, average charge reference and voltage change curve of the battery system during the initial state charging cycle after the initial state charging cycle ends.

[0095] The deviation calculation module 140 is used to calculate the battery capacity deviation or percentage of battery capacity deviation based on the average battery capacity benchmark, the nominal capacity of a single battery cell and the charge capacity of a single battery cell.

[0096] The start judgment module 150 is used to determine whether to start battery balancing based on the single cell battery power deviation or power deviation percentage, as well as multi-level deviation thresholds, dynamic voltage reference and voltage change curve. If it is started, the battery balancing level is determined and the corresponding level of battery balancing operation is performed.

[0097] Optionally, the equalization start-up preparation conditions include at least: the battery system is in charging mode and the charging current of the battery system is not lower than a preset current threshold.

[0098] In addition, during a preset period before the equalization start-up judgment time, the lowest temperature of the battery pack in the battery system is above the first temperature threshold and the highest temperature of the battery pack is below the second temperature threshold.

[0099] In addition, the battery system is not in a preset fault state;

[0100] The first temperature threshold is less than the second temperature threshold.

[0101] Optionally, the initial charging cycle refers to at least the first charging cycle after the battery system enters the equalization preparation state;

[0102] The dynamic voltage reference is determined at least by the following means:

[0103] ;

[0104] In the above formula, V avg (t) represents the dynamic voltage reference that varies at least with time t; n represents the total number of individual cells in the battery system; V k (t) represents the real-time voltage of the k-th cell at time t; 1≤k≤n, where n and k are both positive integers.

[0105] Optionally, the charge capacity of a single battery cell can be determined at least by the following methods:

[0106] ;

[0107] In the above formula, Q k I represents the amount of charge received by the k-th cell in any charging cycle T; charge (τ) represents the charging current of any single cell that varies at least with time τ.

[0108] Optionally, the average energy consumption benchmark shall be determined at least by the following means:

[0109] ;

[0110] In the above formula, Q avg This represents the average energy consumption baseline; 1 ≤ k ≤ n, where n and k are both positive integers.

[0111] Optionally, the single-cell charge deviation can be determined at least by the following methods:

[0112] ;

[0113] In the above formula, ΔQ k This indicates the deviation in charge level of a single battery cell.

[0114] Optionally, the percentage of power deviation shall be determined at least by the following means:

[0115] ;

[0116] In the above formula, δ k Indicates the percentage of battery charge deviation; C rated This indicates the nominal capacity of a single battery cell.

[0117] The technical solution provided in this embodiment firstly determines whether the battery system meets the equalization start-up preparation conditions through a condition judgment module; further, when the battery system meets the equalization start-up preparation conditions, the state control module controls the battery system to enter the equalization preparation state; further, in response to entering the equalization preparation state, the parameter determination module obtains the nominal capacity of a single battery cell and periodically determines the dynamic voltage reference of the battery system at least during the initial state charging cycle, and after the initial state charging cycle ends, determines the single battery cell charge, average charge reference, and voltage change curve of the battery system during the initial state charging cycle; further, the deviation calculation module calculates the single battery cell charge deviation or charge deviation percentage based on the average charge reference, the nominal capacity of a single battery cell, and the single battery cell charge; finally, the start-up judgment module determines whether to start battery equalization based on the single battery cell charge deviation or charge deviation percentage, multi-level deviation thresholds, dynamic voltage reference, and voltage change curve, and if it is started, the battery equalization level is determined.

[0118] Therefore, this embodiment determines whether the battery system is ready for equalization startup, and controls the system to enter the equalization preparation state when the system is ready for equalization startup. Then, during the equalization preparation stage, it obtains relevant parameters for determining whether the battery system can start battery equalization. Finally, after the system can perform battery equalization, it determines the battery equalization level and performs the corresponding level of battery equalization operation. This method can at least improve the consistency of the battery cells, help control the depth of charge and discharge of the power battery, improve battery safety, extend battery life, and further extend the driving range of the entire vehicle.

[0119] This embodiment provides an electronic device. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present invention. See also: Figure 3The electronic device 1000 includes a processor 1001 and a memory 1002. The memory 1002 stores computer-readable instructions. When the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor 1001, the steps in any of the above-described battery balancing methods are performed. Through the above technical solution, the processor 1001 and the memory 1002 are interconnected and communicate with each other via a communication bus and / or other forms of connection mechanisms (not shown). The memory 1002 stores a processor-executable computer program. When the electronic device 1000 is running, the processor 1001 executes the computer program to perform the battery balancing method in any optional implementation of the above embodiments, to at least achieve the following functions: determining whether the battery system meets the balancing start-up preparation conditions; when the battery system meets the balancing start-up preparation conditions, controlling the battery system to enter the balancing preparation state; responding to the balancing preparation state... The system acquires the nominal capacity of a single battery cell and periodically determines the dynamic voltage reference of the battery system at least during the initial charging cycle. After the initial charging cycle ends, it determines the charge input of a single battery cell, the average charge reference, and the voltage change curve of the battery system during the initial charging cycle. Based on the average charge reference, the nominal capacity of a single battery cell, and the charge input of a single battery cell, it calculates the charge deviation or percentage of a single battery cell. Based on the charge deviation or percentage of a single battery cell, as well as the multi-level deviation threshold, the dynamic voltage reference, and the voltage change curve, it determines whether to activate battery balancing. If activated, it determines the battery balancing level.

[0120] This embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the battery balancing method provided in all embodiments of this application: determining whether the battery system meets the balancing start-up preparation conditions; when the battery system meets the balancing start-up preparation conditions, controlling the battery system to enter the balancing preparation state; in response to entering the balancing preparation state, acquiring the nominal capacity of a single battery cell and periodically determining the dynamic voltage reference of the battery system at least during the initial state charging cycle, and determining the single battery cell charge, average charge reference, and voltage change curve of the battery system during the initial state charging cycle after the initial state charging cycle ends; calculating the single battery cell charge deviation or charge deviation percentage based on the average charge reference, the nominal capacity of a single battery cell, and the charge of a single battery cell; determining whether to start battery balancing based on the single battery cell charge deviation or charge deviation percentage, multi-level deviation thresholds, dynamic voltage reference, and voltage change curve, and if started, determining the battery balancing level.

[0121] Any combination of one or more computer-readable media may be used. A computer-readable medium can be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium. A computer-readable storage medium can be, for example—but not limited to—an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable storage media include: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fiber, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage device, magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In this document, a computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium that contains or stores a program that can be used by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0122] Computer-readable signal media may include data signals propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, carrying computer-readable program code. Such propagated data signals may take various forms, including—but not limited to—electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. Computer-readable signal media may also be any computer-readable medium other than computer-readable storage media, capable of transmitting, propagating, or transmitting programs for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0123] The program code contained on a computer-readable medium may be transmitted using any suitable medium, including—but not limited to—wireless, wire, optical fiber, RF, etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0124] Computer program code for performing the operations of this invention can be written in one or more programming languages ​​or a combination thereof. Programming languages ​​include object-oriented programming languages—such as Java, Smalltalk, and C++—as well as conventional procedural programming languages—such as the "C" language or similar programming languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving remote computers, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer via any type of network—including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN)—or can be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0125] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery balancing method, characterized in that, At least including: Determine whether the battery system meets the conditions for balanced startup preparation; When the battery system meets the equalization start-up preparation conditions, the battery system is controlled to enter the equalization preparation state. In response to the entry of the equalization preparation state, the nominal capacity of a single cell is obtained and the dynamic voltage reference of the battery system is periodically determined at least during the initial state charging cycle. After the initial state charging cycle ends, the single cell charge, average charge reference and voltage change curve of the battery system during the initial state charging cycle are determined. The single-cell battery capacity deviation or percentage deviation is calculated based on the average battery capacity benchmark, the nominal capacity of the single-cell battery, and the charge capacity of the single-cell battery. The system determines whether to initiate battery balancing based on the single-cell battery charge deviation or charge deviation percentage, multi-level deviation thresholds, the dynamic voltage reference, and the voltage change curve. If initiated, the system determines the battery balancing level and performs the corresponding level of battery balancing operation.

2. The battery balancing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The equalization start-up preparation conditions include at least the following: the battery system is in charging mode and the charging current of the battery system is not lower than a preset current threshold. In addition, during a preset period before the equalization start-up judgment time, the lowest temperature of the battery pack of the battery system is above the first temperature threshold and the highest temperature of the battery pack is below the second temperature threshold. Furthermore, the battery system is not in a preset fault state; Wherein, the first temperature threshold is less than the second temperature threshold.

3. The battery balancing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initial state charging cycle refers to at least the first charging cycle after the battery system enters the equalization preparation state. The dynamic voltage reference is determined at least by the following means: ； In the above formula, V avg (t) represents the dynamic voltage reference that varies at least with time t; n represents the total number of individual cells in the battery system; V k (t) represents the real-time voltage of the k-th single cell at time t; 1≤k≤n, where n and k are both positive integers.

4. The battery balancing method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charge capacity of a single battery cell is determined at least by the following methods: ； In the above formula, Q k I represents the amount of charge received by the k-th cell in any charging cycle T; charge (τ) represents the charging current of any single cell that varies at least with time τ.

5. The battery balancing method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The average energy benchmark is determined at least by the following means: ； In the above formula, Q avg The average energy consumption reference is denoted as 1≤k≤n, where n and k are both positive integers.

6. The battery balancing method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The single-cell battery charge deviation can be determined at least by the following methods: ； In the above formula, ΔQ k This indicates the deviation in the charge level of the single battery cell.

7. The battery balancing method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The percentage of the electrical deviation is determined at least by the following means: ； In the above formula, δ k Indicates the percentage of the power deviation; C rated This indicates the nominal capacity of the single battery cell.

8. A battery balancing device, characterized in that, Used to perform the battery balancing method according to any one of claims 1-7; The battery equalization device includes at least: The condition judgment module is used to determine whether the battery system meets the conditions for balanced start-up. The state control module is used to control the battery system to enter the equalization preparation state when the battery system meets the equalization start-up preparation conditions. The parameter determination module is used to respond to the entry of the equalization preparation state, obtain the nominal capacity of a single battery cell and periodically determine the dynamic voltage reference of the battery system at least during the initial state charging cycle, and determine the single battery cell charge, average charge reference and voltage change curve of the battery system during the initial state charging cycle after the initial state charging cycle ends. The deviation calculation module is used to calculate the single-cell battery power deviation or power deviation percentage based on the average power benchmark, the nominal capacity of the single-cell battery, and the charging power of the single-cell battery. The start-up judgment module is used to determine whether to start battery balancing based on the single cell battery power deviation or power deviation percentage, multi-level deviation thresholds, the dynamic voltage reference and the voltage change curve. If it is started, the battery balancing level is determined and the corresponding level of battery balancing operation is performed.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program executable on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the steps of the battery balancing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the battery balancing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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