Turnover box

Abstract

According to the turnover box, a guide structure on the inner wall of a box body is used for guiding a material plate to move, a positioning mechanism is arranged in a limiting space, and the positioning mechanism achieves one-way locking through shape matching of a first matching face of a fixing part and a second matching face of a moving assembly; in the material taking process, the moving assembly is forced to rotate to relieve cooperation, the moving assembly automatically falls to eliminate the gap by means of gravity, and then the moving assembly is engaged again to press a new uppermost layer of material plate. According to the turnover box, external power is not needed, unlocking can be triggered and follow-up pressing locking can be achieved only through the material taking action, the problem that in the prior art, the pressing height needs to be manually and frequently adjusted is effectively solved, the stability of remaining material plates is guaranteed, and the turnover efficiency of an automatic production line is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a transfer and storage device, and more particularly to a turnover box for placing and rotating stacked material trays. Background Technology

[0002] In industries such as precision electronics manufacturing, automotive parts stamping, and semiconductor processing, rectangular blanks (such as PCB boards, thin metal sheets, and injection molded parts) typically need to be moved between different workstations or workshops using turnover boxes. To improve space utilization and transportation efficiency, these blanks are usually placed in multiple stacks inside the turnover boxes.

[0003] Existing turnover boxes for holding stacked pallets typically consist of a box body and guide grooves or rails on the inner wall. These guide structures primarily limit the horizontal displacement of the pallets, ensuring they are neatly arranged. During operation, operators or robotic arms remove the top pallets one by one from the opening at the top of the box for processing. To prevent the pallets from jumping or scattering vertically due to vibration during transport, some turnover boxes are equipped with clamping devices. Traditional clamping devices often use manually adjustable levers, bolt clamping mechanisms, or rely solely on gravity-operated cover plates to press down on the top of the pallets.

[0004] However, the existing technologies described above have significant drawbacks in practical use. As the top layer of material is removed one by one, the stacking height of the remaining material in the box decreases, resulting in gaps between the clamping device and the remaining material. For manually adjustable clamping devices, the clamping height needs to be manually readjusted after each one or a few material pieces are removed, which greatly reduces production efficiency and cannot meet the fast-paced demands of automated production lines. For simple gravity covers or traditional spring clamping mechanisms, the clamping device often needs to be completely removed or forcefully lifted before the material can be removed, making the process cumbersome and prone to scratching the surface of the material. In short, it is impossible to achieve automatic lowering and precise locking of the clamping mechanism into the new top layer position while the top layer of material is being removed. Therefore, a new type of turnover box is urgently needed to solve these problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a turnover box that can automatically follow up with the material handling action to press down and relock.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above problems is: a turnover box for placing stacked material boards, comprising: The box body has a material inlet on the top for loading and unloading material plates; At least two sets of guide structures are symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the box. The guide structures cooperate with the inner wall of the box to form a limiting space, and the guide structures are configured to guide the material plate to move in a direction close to or away from the material inlet. A positioning mechanism is disposed within the limiting space, the positioning mechanism comprising: A fixing member is provided extending in the direction pointing towards the feed inlet, and a first mating surface is provided on the fixing member; A movable component is configured to move relative to the fixed member and press the uppermost material plate. The movable component is provided with a second mating surface that mates with the first mating surface. The first mating surface and the second mating surface are configured such that when they are engaged, the relative position of the movable component in the direction of approaching or moving away from the feed inlet is locked through shape matching.

[0007] During the process of removing the topmost material plate, the moving component is configured to release the shape fit when it rotates under the thrust of the topmost material plate moving toward the feed port, and after the removed material plate is separated from the moving component, it moves away from the feed port under the action of gravity, and then the second mating surface re-forms a shape fit with the first mating surface to press the new topmost material plate.

[0008] Preferably, the guide structure includes two guide rails symmetrically arranged on the inner side wall of the box, the cross-section of the guide rails is L-shaped, and the two guide rails enclose each other to form the limiting space.

[0009] Preferably, the two guide rails in the same guide structure are arranged with their short end faces facing each other on the short side of their cross-sections, and the distance between the two short end faces is configured to allow for clearance fit with the two sides of the material plate in the width direction when the material plate is placed in the turnover box.

[0010] Preferably, the fixing member is a guide plate disposed within the limiting space, and the first mating surface is a concave-convex surface disposed on the guide plate and continuously undulating in the vertical direction.

[0011] The moving component includes: Move the lever; A movable block is fixedly installed at the end of the movable rod, and the movable block is provided with a guide protrusion or guide groove that constitutes the second mating surface.

[0012] A rotating plate that is slidably sleeved on the moving rod; A first elastic element is connected between the movable block and the rotating plate. The first elastic element is configured to form a flexible transmission connection between the rotating plate and the movable block, so as to drive the movable block to rotate synchronously when the rotating plate is forced to rotate.

[0013] Preferably, the rotating plate is configured to rotate around the moving rod by being pushed by the uppermost material plate as it moves toward the material inlet.

[0014] The first elastic element is configured to transmit the rotational torque of the rotating plate to the moving block, causing the moving block to rotate against the resistance of the form fit, thereby releasing the form fit.

[0015] Preferably, the first elastic element is a torsion spring, which is configured to undergo elastic deformation and accumulate elastic potential energy when the rotating plate is forced to rotate, and release the elastic potential energy after the rotating plate is separated from the removed material plate to drive the rotating plate to rotate in the opposite direction, so as to drive the second mating surface of the moving block to engage with the first mating surface.

[0016] Preferably, the moving assembly further includes a second elastic element, and the moving rod is provided with an axially limiting step portion; the second elastic element is sleeved on the moving rod, and the two ends of the second elastic element abut against the moving block and the rotating plate respectively; the second elastic element is configured to apply elastic force along the axial direction of the moving rod, so that the side of the rotating plate away from the second elastic element is pressed against the step portion.

[0017] Preferably, the first mating surface is composed of continuously alternating convex arcuate surfaces and concave arcuate surfaces, and the second mating surface is composed of a plane and convex arcuate surfaces.

[0018] Preferably, the center-to-center distance between two adjacent recessed arc-shaped surfaces on the first mating surface is equal to the thickness of a single sheet.

[0019] Preferably, the sidewall of the housing with the guide structure forms a limiting stop for restricting the rotation angle of the moving block; the moving block is configured to rotate to a preset angle and abut against the sidewall when the shape fit is released.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are as follows: Because this invention employs a positioning mechanism set within a limited space, it utilizes the shape fit between the first mating surface of the fixing component and the second mating surface of the moving component to achieve unidirectional locking away from the material outlet direction. Furthermore, the moving component is forced to rotate during the removal of the top layer of material to release the lock, and then moves away from the material outlet under gravity to re-establish the shape fit. Therefore, this invention effectively solves the technical problem in existing technologies where, due to the gradual removal of material plates leading to a decrease in stacking height, the clamping device cannot automatically eliminate gaps, requiring frequent manual adjustments to the clamping height or cumbersome material removal operations. This achieves the technical effect of triggering unlocking solely through the upward movement during material removal, and automatically following the downward movement of the gravity-driven mechanism to accurately lock and clamp the new top layer of material, ensuring that the remaining material plates remain stable. This significantly improves the turnover efficiency and operational convenience of automated production lines. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a turnover box proposed in one embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0022] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of the positioning mechanism in a separated state from the housing, according to an embodiment of the present invention, is shown.

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a mobile component proposed in one embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0024] Figure 4 A schematic top view of a turnover box proposed in one embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0025] Figure 5 It shows Figure 4 A schematic magnified view of point C in the middle.

[0026] Figure 6 It shows Figure 4 Schematic section view at section AA Figure 1 .

[0027] Figure 7 It shows Figure 6 A magnified view of point D in the middle.

[0028] Figure 8 It shows Figure 4 Schematic section view at the middle BB section Figure 2 .

[0029] Figure 9 It shows Figure 8 A magnified view of point E in the middle.

[0030] Wherein: 1. Box body; 110. Material inlet; 2. Guide structure; 210. Guide rail; 220. Limiting space; 3. Positioning mechanism; 310. Fixing component; 311. First mating surface; 320. Moving component; 321. Moving rod; 3211. Step; 322. Moving block; 3221. Second mating surface; 323. Turning plate; 324. First elastic element; 325. Second elastic element. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0032] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0033] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0034] Existing turnover boxes typically include a box body 1 and guide grooves or guide rails 210 set on the inner wall of the box body 1. These guide structures 2 are mainly used to limit the horizontal displacement of the material plates and ensure that the material plates are neatly arranged. In order to prevent the material plates from jumping or scattering vertically due to vibration during transportation, some turnover boxes are equipped with clamping devices. Traditional clamping devices mostly use manually adjustable pressure rods, bolt clamping mechanisms, or rely on gravity cover plates to press on the top of the material plates.

[0035] As the top layer of the existing turnover box is removed one by one, the stacking height of the remaining plates inside box 1 continuously decreases, causing gaps to appear between the clamping device and the remaining plates. For manually adjustable clamping devices, the clamping height needs to be manually readjusted after removing one or several plates, which greatly reduces production efficiency. Furthermore, for the clamping device itself, simple gravity covers or traditional spring clamping mechanisms often require completely removing the clamping device or forcefully lifting it before removing the plate, making the process cumbersome and prone to scratching the plate surface. Therefore, it is impossible to achieve automatic lowering and precise locking of the clamping mechanism into the new top layer position while removing the top layer plate.

[0036] Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, this application provides a turnover box for placing and transferring stacked material trays. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figures 1 to 9 Its overall structural design aims to meet the needs of automated production lines for efficient and precise material flow. The turnover box mainly consists of three parts: the box body 1, the guiding structure 2, and the core positioning mechanism 3.

[0037] in: The top of the housing 1 has a material inlet 110 for picking up and placing material plates. The guide structure 2 cooperates with the inner wall of the housing 1 to form a limiting space 220, and the guide structure 2 is configured to guide the material plates to move in a direction close to or away from the material inlet 110. A positioning mechanism 3 is disposed within the limiting space 220. The positioning mechanism 3 includes a fixing member 310 and a moving component 320. The fixing member 310 extends in the direction pointing towards the material inlet 110 and has a first mating surface 311. The moving component 320 is configured to move relative to the fixing member 310 and press the uppermost material plate. The moving component 320 has a second mating surface 3221 that mates with the first mating surface 311. The first mating surface 311 and the second mating surface 3221 are configured such that when they are engaged, the relative position of the moving component 320 in the direction pointing towards the material inlet 110 is locked through shape fit. During the process of removing the topmost material plate, when the moving component 320 rotates under the thrust of the topmost material plate moving toward the feed port 110, it releases the shape fit. After the removed material plate is separated from the moving component 320, it moves away from the feed port 110 under the action of gravity, and then the second mating surface 3221 re-forms a shape fit with the first mating surface 311 to press the new topmost material plate.

[0038] Specifically, regarding the structure of the housing 1, it is the basic supporting component of the entire device. The housing 1 is typically made of high-strength engineering plastics or metal materials to withstand the total weight of the stacked material plates inside. The housing 1 has a hollow structure, with an open material inlet 110 at the top. The size of the material inlet 110 is adapted to the material plate handling path, allowing external robotic arms or manual labor to easily reach in and grab the material plates.

[0039] To ensure that the material plates are stacked neatly inside the box, a guide structure 2 is provided on the inner wall of the box body 1. In this embodiment, at least two sets of guide structures 2 are provided, and they are symmetrically distributed on opposite side walls inside the box body 1. The guide structure 2 and the inner wall of the box body 1 are not simply attached, but form a limiting space 220 through a specific spatial layout. The guide structure 2 extends in the vertical direction, and its main function is to limit the displacement of the material plates in the horizontal plane, guiding the material plates to move in a straight line only along the direction close to or away from the feed inlet 110 (i.e., the vertical direction), preventing the material plates from tilting or misaligning during transportation.

[0040] The core component is the positioning mechanism 3, which is located within the aforementioned limiting space 220. This positioning mechanism 3 is cleverly designed into two parts: a relatively stationary fixing member 310 and a movable component 320 that can move up and down.

[0041] The fastener 310 extends vertically (towards the feed inlet 110) within the limiting space 220 and is typically fixed to the side wall of the housing 1 or the guide structure 2. A key feature of the fastener 310 is that its surface has a first mating surface 311, which is typically constructed as a wavy surface, toothed surface, or concave-convex structure that is continuously undulating in the vertical direction.

[0042] The moving assembly 320 is configured to float above the stack of material plates and press the uppermost material plate against it. The moving assembly 320 has a second mating surface 3221 opposite to the fixing member 310. The shape of the second mating surface 3221 is adapted to the first mating surface 311 (e.g., protrusion to groove).

[0043] The locking fit is a specially designed structure between the first mating surface 311 and the second mating surface 3221. When the two are in normal meshing, they form a unidirectional self-locking structure through shape interference. This locking force can overcome the weight of the moving component 320 itself and the upward jumping force generated by transportation vibration, realizing the position locking of the moving component 320 in the direction of approaching or moving away from the feed port 110 (i.e., the vertical direction), so that it can firmly press down on the material plate.

[0044] The working principle of the turnover box in this embodiment is based on the cyclic mechanism of forced unlocking and gravity reset. The specific operation process is as follows: In the initial state, several material plates are stacked inside the housing 1. The moving component 320 is located above the topmost material plate, and its second mating surface 3221 is tightly engaged with the first mating surface 311 of the fixing component 310. At this time, due to the locking effect generated by the shape fit, the moving component 320 cannot fall freely, but remains at its current height, which serves to press the material plates and prevent them from jumping during transportation.

[0045] When the material handling is triggered (unlocking phase), as the external material handling device (such as a robotic suction cup) grabs the topmost material plate and lifts it upwards, the material plate physically contacts and pushes against the moving component 320 during its upward movement. Since the moving component 320 is designed as a movable structure, it is forced to rotate (or deflect) under the upward pushing force of the material plate. This rotation causes the second mating surface 3221 on the moving component 320 to gradually rotate out of or disengage from the first mating surface 311 of the fixing member 310.

[0046] During the downward fall (movement phase), once the rotation angle reaches a certain level, the shape fit is completely released, and the moving component 320 loses its vertical support. At this time, under the action of its own gravity, the moving component 320 instantly falls along the limiting space 220 in a direction away from the feed inlet 110 (i.e., downward).

[0047] During the automatic reset (relocking stage), as the topmost material plate is completely removed, the moving component 320 loses the pushing force of the material plate. Under the action of its own structural center of gravity or auxiliary reset force (such as an internal torsion spring, which is not detailed but is implied by the implementation logic), the moving component 320 will rotate in the opposite direction to reset. At this time, the moving component 320 has fallen a certain distance (usually corresponding to the thickness of one material plate), and its second mating surface 3221 will re-cut into and engage with the adjacent first mating surface 311 below the fixing member 310.

[0048] Afterwards, the moving component 320 returns to the locked state, at which point it is pressed precisely on the surface of the new topmost material plate, completing the automatic follow-up positioning.

[0049] This technical solution is widely applicable to industrial automated logistics and transportation systems, especially for the turnover of rectangular sheet materials (such as PCB circuit boards, stamped metal sheets, injection molded covers, etc.).

[0050] To increase the flexibility of the technical solution, this embodiment also includes a limitation on the shape of the mating surfaces. In addition to the wave-shaped mating, the first mating surface 311 and the second mating surface 3221 can also be designed as a sawtooth ratchet mating or an arc-shaped recessed mating, as long as the function of disengaging upon rotation and locking upon return can be achieved.

[0051] In this embodiment, the present invention employs a positioning mechanism 3 comprising a fixing member 310 and a moving component 320 within the limiting space 220. The shape fit between the mating surfaces of the two components enables vertical position locking. The moving component 320 is forced to rotate during material handling to release the lock, and then automatically falls and re-engages under gravity. Therefore, this effectively solves the technical problems in the prior art where, due to the reduction in stacking height after each material plate is removed, traditional clamping devices cannot automatically eliminate gaps, leading to frequent manual adjustments to the clamping height and reduced production efficiency. It also addresses the cumbersome operation and potential scratches to the material plates caused by the laborious removal of traditional gravity or spring cover plates during material handling. Thus, the invention achieves the technical effect of triggering unlocking solely through the upward movement during material handling, without the need for an external power source or manual intervention, and automatically following the downward movement of the gravity-driven mechanism to precisely lock and clamp the new uppermost material plate.

[0052] Furthermore, to achieve precise guidance and lateral positioning of the material plate during vertical movement, in some embodiments, the guide structure 2 inside the housing 1 has been optimized. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 The guide structure 2 mainly consists of two guide rails 210 symmetrically arranged on the inner sidewall of the box 1. The cross-section of the guide rail 210 is L-shaped, and the two guide rails 210 enclose each other to form the limiting space 220. Furthermore, the short end faces of the two guide rails 210 in the same guide structure 2 are arranged facing each other, corresponding to the short side of their cross-sections, and the distance between the two short end faces is configured to allow for clearance fit with the two sides of the material plate in the width direction when the material plate is placed in the turnover box.

[0053] Viewed in cross-section, each guide rail 210 has a standard L-shaped structure, which is typically composed of a long side that fits or is fixed to the side wall and a short side that extends toward the interior of the housing 1 (or, depending on the specific installation requirements, is composed of two mutually perpendicular side arms).

[0054] These two L-shaped guide rails 210 do not operate independently, but are distributed in a mirror-symmetrical manner with the center line of the side wall of the housing 1 as the axis. Through this symmetrical layout, the two guide rails 210 enclose each other, defining a virtual columnar region between them, namely the limiting space 220. Within this space, the two guide rails 210 together form the track groove for the material plate to move.

[0055] Specifically, the two guide rails 210 in the same guide structure 2 have a specific geometric relationship in their installation orientation: the short end faces of their respective cross-sections are oriented relative to each other. That is, the short end face of the left guide rail 210 points to the right, and the short end face of the right guide rail 210 points to the left, both on the same horizontal straight line. More importantly, the straight-line distance between these two opposing short end faces is precisely configured. This distance is not arbitrarily set, but designed based on the width of the material plate to be turned over, and its value is configured to form a clearance fit with the width dimension of the material plate. This means that the distance is slightly larger than the width of the material plate, leaving a very small safety gap between the two sides of the material plate and the end faces of the guide rails 210.

[0056] In actual operation, the guide structure 2 mainly serves as a track constraint. When the material plate is placed into the turnover box, the left and right side edges of the material plate slide into the areas defined by the two L-shaped guide rails 210. At this time, the inner wall (inner side of the long side) of the L-shaped guide rail 210 restricts the displacement of the material plate in the depth direction (front-back direction), while the two oppositely arranged short side end faces restrict the displacement of the material plate in the width direction (left-right direction).

[0057] Because the distance between the two short end faces is configured to form a clearance fit with the width of the material plate, this design ensures that the material plate can slide smoothly up and down in the vertical direction (towards the feed inlet 110) without jamming or excessive frictional resistance due to interference fit; at the same time, it ensures that the clearance is small enough so that the material plate will not wobble or tilt significantly in the horizontal plane. When external equipment picks up or puts in the material plate, the material plate moves smoothly in and out along the "slide" formed by the two L-shaped guide rails 210, and the guide rails 210 always provide guiding support for the edge of the material plate.

[0058] In some alternative embodiments, the L-shaped guide rail 210 can be integrally injection molded with the side wall of the housing 1 to improve structural strength and reduce cost; it can also be a separate metal or polymer profile, fixed to the side wall by bolts, clips, or adhesives for easy replacement after wear. To further reduce friction, a Teflon coating or embedded rolling bearings can be applied to the short end face of the L-shaped guide rail 210. Although this embodiment describes a continuous L-shaped guide rail 210, in some lightweight designs, the guide rail 210 can also be designed as a series of L-shaped guide blocks arranged discontinuously in the vertical direction, the lines connecting these guide blocks also forming the aforementioned limiting space 220.

[0059] In this embodiment, the present invention employs two L-shaped guide rails 210 symmetrically arranged on the inner sidewall of the box 1, forming a limiting space 220 by the relative enclosure of the two guide rails 210, and configuring the short end faces of the short sides of the two guide rails 210 in the same guide structure 2 to face each other, with their spacing forming a clearance fit with the material plate in the width direction. Therefore, it effectively solves the technical problems in the prior art where the material plate is prone to jamming during vertical movement, excessive lateral shaking, or misalignment and falling off due to vibration during transportation due to unreasonable design of the guide structure 2. Thus, it achieves the technical effect of significantly improving the horizontal positioning accuracy and transportation stability of the material plate in the turnover box while ensuring smooth loading and unloading of the material plate.

[0060] To achieve precise locking and smooth unlocking of the positioning mechanism 3, this embodiment features a refined design of its internal structure. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figures 2 to 9 The mechanism mainly consists of two parts: a fixing component 310 and a moving component 320. The fixing component 310 is a guide plate disposed within the limiting space 220, and the first mating surface 311 is a concave-convex surface disposed on the guide plate and continuously undulating in the vertical direction. The moving component 320 includes a moving rod 321, a moving block 322 fixedly disposed at the end of the moving rod 321, a rotating plate 323 slidably sleeved on the moving rod 321, and a first elastic member 324 connecting the moving block 322 and the rotating plate 323. The moving block 322 is provided with a guide protrusion or guide groove forming the second mating surface 3221. The first elastic member 324 is configured to form a flexible transmission connection between the rotating plate 323 and the moving block 322, so as to drive the moving block 322 to rotate synchronously when the rotating plate 323 is forced to rotate. The rotating plate 323 is configured to rotate around the moving rod 321 when the uppermost material plate moves toward the material inlet 110, pushed by the material plate. The first elastic member 324 is configured to transmit the rotational torque of the rotating plate 323 to the moving block 322, causing the moving block 322 to rotate over the resistance of the form fit, thereby releasing the form fit.

[0061] Regarding the fastener 310, this embodiment specifies it as a long strip-shaped guide plate disposed within the limiting space 220. This guide plate extends vertically, and its key feature is that its surface is machined with a first mating surface 311. This first mating surface 311 is not a flat surface, but rather a continuously undulating surface (e.g., wavy, sinusoidal, or arc-shaped) along the vertical direction. This continuously undulating structure provides the physical basis for subsequent stepless or graded positioning.

[0062] Regarding the moving component 320, its structural design is more complex and sophisticated, mainly including the moving rod 321, the moving block 322, the rotating plate 323, and the core first elastic element 324.

[0063] The moving rod 321 serves as the skeleton of the moving component 320, and its outer surface is machined into a smooth circumferential surface, at least in the area where the rotating plate 323 is mounted, thus acting as a rotation axis.

[0064] The movable block 322 is fixedly mounted at the end of the movable rod 321 and remains relatively stationary with the movable rod 321, preventing relative rotation. The movable block 322 has a guide protrusion or guide groove (i.e., the second mating surface 3221) on the side facing the guide plate, the shape of which matches the concave and convex surfaces on the guide plate, for embedding into the trough of the guide plate or fitting on the crest to achieve locking.

[0065] The rotating plate 323 is slidably (or rotatably) fitted onto the moving rod 321. This means that although the rotating plate 323 is passed through the moving rod 321, it can rotate around an axis on the moving rod 321, and there is no rigid circumferential fixed connection between the two. The rotating plate 323 is usually designed as an outwardly extending plate-like or wing-like structure to facilitate contact with the material plate.

[0066] The first elastic element 324 is the key component connecting the moving and stationary parts. The first elastic element 324 (such as a torsion spring) connects the moving block 322 and the rotating plate 323. One end of it is anchored to the moving block 322, which rotates with the rod, and the other end is anchored to the rotating plate 323, which can rotate relative to it. This connection method establishes a flexible transmission connection between the rotating plate 323 and the moving block 322, rather than a rigid connection.

[0067] The core working principle of this embodiment lies in using flexible transmission to convert the linear motion of the material plate into the rotational motion required for unlocking. The specific process is as follows: In the initial position, the first elastic element 324 is in a pre-tightened or free state, maintaining the relative angle between the rotating plate 323 and the moving block 322. Under the action of gravity or auxiliary elastic force, the guide protrusion on the moving block 322 is deeply embedded in the recess of the guide plate, achieving vertical locking.

[0068] When the top plate is grabbed by the external equipment and moved towards the feed port 110 (upward), the top surface of the plate will contact and push against the bottom of the rotating plate 323.

[0069] As the material plate continues to rise, the rotating plate 323 is forced to rotate around the moving rod 321. At this time, since the rotating plate 323 and the moving block 322 are connected by the first elastic element 324, the rotation of the rotating plate 323 will not instantly and forcibly break the locking state of the moving block 322 (this avoids rigid impact). Instead, the rotation of the rotating plate 323 will first cause the first elastic element 324 to undergo elastic deformation (such as a torsion spring being tightened), thereby accumulating torque.

[0070] When the torque (rotational torque) stored in the first elastic element 324 is transmitted to the moving block 322 and gradually increases to be sufficient to overcome the form fit resistance between the moving block 322 and the guide plate (i.e., to overcome the meshing friction between the concave and convex surfaces), the moving block 322 will be driven to rotate synchronously.

[0071] After the moving block 322 rotates, the guide protrusion on it slides out of the recess of the guide plate, the shape matching between the first mating surface 311 and the second mating surface 3221 is released, the mechanism is unlocked, and it is ready to fall.

[0072] Although the description in this embodiment implies the structure of a torsion spring, in an alternative, the first elastic element 324 can also be a spring-loaded linkage mechanism consisting of a tension spring and a lever arm, as long as it can achieve flexible torque transmission from the rotating plate 323 to the moving block 322. The undulating surface on the guide plate can be a smooth sine wave, suitable for low-noise environments; or it can be a rounded trapezoidal wave, suitable for high-load locking environments. The rotating plate 323 can be located in the middle of the moving rod 321 or near the end, depending on the contact area of ​​the material plate.

[0073] In this embodiment, the present invention uses a guide plate with a vertically continuous undulating surface to fix the fixing member 310, and establishes a flexible transmission connection between the slidingly sleeved rotating plate 323 and the fixedly set moving block 322 through the first elastic member 324. The technical means of transmitting the rotational torque by using the first elastic member 324 effectively solves the technical problems in the prior art that the rigid connection structure is prone to mechanical impact, jamming, or even breakage of parts at the moment of material picking and unlocking, and that the unlocking action is stiff and cannot adapt to different material picking speeds. Thus, it realizes the smooth transmission of unlocking torque by using a flexible buffer mechanism, so that the moving block 322 can smoothly and stably overcome resistance to complete the rotational unlocking, which significantly improves the service life and operational reliability of the mechanism.

[0074] Furthermore, in one embodiment, to ensure that the positioning mechanism 3 can quickly and reliably return to the locked state after completing the unlocking and lowering actions, the specific structural form of the first elastic member 324 is preferably defined. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 The first elastic element 324 is a torsion spring. The torsion spring is configured to undergo elastic deformation and accumulate elastic potential energy when the rotating plate 323 is forced to rotate. After the rotating plate 323 is separated from the removed material plate, the elastic potential energy is released to drive the rotating plate 323 to rotate in the opposite direction, so as to drive the second mating surface 3221 of the moving block 322 to engage with the first mating surface 311.

[0075] Specifically, the first elastic element 324 is constructed as a torsion spring. This torsion spring is typically made of high-strength spring steel wire and mainly comprises a helical main body and connecting arms (or torsion arms) distributed at both ends of the main body. In terms of installation, the main body of the torsion spring is typically sleeved around the outer periphery of the moving rod 321, or mounted on a dedicated pin beside the moving rod 321. The two connecting arms of the torsion spring are respectively connected to two key components in the positioning mechanism 3: one connecting arm is fixed or abutted against the moving block 322, which is stationary relative to the moving rod 321, and the other connecting arm is fixed or abutted against the rotating plate 323, which can rotate around the moving rod 321. Through this connection method, the torsion spring spans between the rotating plate 323 and the moving block 322, providing an elastic restoring torque for their relative rotation.

[0076] The working principle of this torsion spring structure is based on the cycle of accumulation and release of elastic potential energy.

[0077] When the material handling operation begins, as the uppermost material plate moves upward and contacts the bottom of the rotating plate 323, the thrust applied by the material plate forces the rotating plate 323 to rotate around the axis of the moving rod 321. During the deflection of the rotating plate 323 relative to the moving block 322, the torsion spring connecting the two is forced to undergo torsional deformation (tightening or unwinding). At this time, the externally input mechanical work is converted into elastic potential energy and stored inside the deformed torsion spring.

[0078] When the torque transmitted by the torsion spring causes the moving block 322 to unlock, the entire assembly falls under the action of gravity. During this period, as long as the material plate is still pressing against the rotating plate 323, the torsion spring remains in an energy-storing state.

[0079] When the topmost material plate is completely removed, that is, the instant the material plate separates from the rotating plate 323, the rotating plate 323 loses its external support. At this moment, the elastic potential energy stored inside the torsion spring is rapidly released and converted into restoring torque.

[0080] The return torque drives the rotating plate 323 to rotate rapidly in the opposite direction (i.e., the downward pressing direction). Since the torsion spring is also connected to the moving block 322, and the moving block 322 has moved to a new position in the vertical direction, the elastic force released by the torsion spring will drive the moving block 322 to rotate synchronously in the opposite direction, forcing the second mating surface 3221 (guide protrusion) on the moving block 322 to re-cut into and deeply embed into the first mating surface 311 (guide groove) of the fixing member 310. Finally, under the continuous preload of the torsion spring, the rotating plate 323 is pressed tightly onto the top surface of the new layer of material plate, realizing automatic reset and relocking.

[0081] The selection of a torsion spring requires precise calculation of torque parameters. Its stiffness must be sufficiently high to overcome the frictional resistance between the moving block 322 and the guide rail 210 during reset, ensuring proper locking. However, the stiffness cannot be excessive to avoid creating excessive indentations or damage to the material plate surface during material handling. Furthermore, the torsion spring must have a high fatigue life, capable of withstanding tens of thousands of torsional cycles without plastic deformation or breakage.

[0082] In this embodiment, because the present invention uses a torsion spring to define the first elastic element 324, and configures the torsion spring to accumulate elastic potential energy when the rotating plate 323 is forced to rotate, and release the potential energy after the material plate is separated to drive the rotating plate 323 to rotate in the opposite direction and drive the moving block 322 to engage, it effectively solves the technical problem in the prior art that the pressing device often relies on gravity to reset after taking material, resulting in slow response speed, insufficient closing force, or easy failure to accurately return to the locked position due to friction jamming. Thus, it realizes the use of the instantaneous explosive force released by the torsion spring to drive the mechanism to reset quickly and accurately, ensuring that the second mating surface 3221 of the moving block 322 can strongly re-engage into the first mating surface 311, thereby achieving the technical effect of instantaneous and stable automatic pressing and positioning of the new uppermost material plate.

[0083] Furthermore, to ensure that the rotating plate 323 maintains a stable axial position on the moving rod 321 and to prevent lateral movement or loosening during operation, in one embodiment, a precise axial constraint and elastic preload structure is introduced into the positioning mechanism 3. Please refer to... Figure 2 and Figures 4 to 9 The moving component 320 further includes a second elastic member 325. The moving rod 321 is provided with an axially limiting step portion 3211. The second elastic member 325 is sleeved on the moving rod 321, and the two ends of the second elastic member 325 abut against the moving block 322 and the rotating plate 323 respectively. The second elastic member 325 is configured to apply elastic force along the axial direction of the moving rod 321, so that the side of the rotating plate 323 away from the second elastic member 325 is pressed against the step portion 3211.

[0084] The moving rod 321 is not a cylinder with a uniform diameter throughout, but has a stepped portion 3211 with an abrupt change in diameter (often called a shoulder in mechanical engineering) on ​​its body. This stepped portion 3211 forms an annular stop surface perpendicular to the axis of the moving rod 321, which serves as a rigid stop reference for the rotating plate 323 in the axial installation position.

[0085] A second elastic element 325, typically a helical compression spring, is introduced. The second elastic element 325 is coaxially sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the moving rod 321. In assembly, the second elastic element 325 is located between the moving block 322 and the rotating plate 323. Specifically, one end of the second elastic element 325 abuts against (or is fixed to) the end face of the moving block 322, which is stationary relative to the moving rod 321; the other end directly abuts against the side of the rotating plate 323.

[0086] The rotating plate 323 is mounted on the moving rod 321 and is located between the second elastic member 325 and the stepped portion 3211 of the moving rod 321. In its natural or working state, the second elastic member 325 is always in a certain compressed state, and its restoring force continuously applies elastic force along the axial direction of the moving rod 321. This elastic force pushes the rotating plate 323 away from the moving block 322, forcing the other side of the rotating plate 323 to press tightly against the stepped portion 3211 of the moving rod 321.

[0087] The continuous axial thrust provided by the second elastic element 325 acts like an invisible hand, always pressing the rotating plate 323 against the step portion 3211, a rigid limit. No matter how bumpy the turnover box is during transportation, or how much force is applied to the rotating plate 323 during operation, as long as the external force does not exceed the preload of the spring, the position of the rotating plate 323 in the axial direction of the moving rod 321 is firmly locked at the position of the step portion 3211, completely eliminating axial clearance.

[0088] Although the rotating plate 323 is axially compressed, the contact surface between the stepped portion 3211 and the rotating plate 323 is typically machined to be relatively smooth, and the second elastic element 325 allows the rotating plate 323 to rotate about the axis (only axial pressure is applied, not circumferential locking). Therefore, the rotating plate 323 can still rotate about the axis of the moving rod 321 in response to the picking and placing of the material plate. This design achieves axial fixation and circumferential rotational motion constraints.

[0089] When the equipment is subjected to a severe impact, causing the rotating plate 323 to have a slight tendency to axial displacement, the second elastic element 325 will undergo slight compression or elongation, which plays a role in buffering and absorbing energy, and then quickly reset the rotating plate 323 to the step portion 3211.

[0090] In this embodiment, the present invention employs a step portion 3211 with axial limiting on the moving rod 321, and a second elastic element 325 sleeved on the moving rod 321 to apply elastic force along the axial direction, pressing the rotating plate 323 tightly against the step portion 3211. Therefore, it effectively solves the technical problem in the prior art where the rotating plate 323 usually has axial clearance on the moving rod 321, which causes the rotating plate 323 to easily move axially, shake, or even tilt during the vibration of transporting the turnover box or the material handling operation, thus affecting its contact accuracy with the material plate and the stability of the mechanism operation. Thus, it realizes the elimination of axial clearance by using elastic preload, ensuring that the rotating plate 323 can always maintain a precise and stable axial position while allowing free rotation, significantly improving the overall rigidity and shock resistance of the positioning mechanism 3.

[0091] To achieve smooth unlocking and precise self-locking of the moving component 320 in the vertical direction, in some embodiments, the micro-geometry of the first mating surface 311 and the second mating surface 3221 has been specifically optimized. Please refer to... Figures 6 to 7 The first mating surface 311 is composed of continuously alternating convex arc surfaces and concave arc surfaces, and the second mating surface 3221 is composed of a plane and convex arc surfaces.

[0092] The first mating surface 311 on the fastener 310 is constructed as a continuously alternating wave-like structure. This structure is formed by a series of convex arc-shaped surfaces (crests) and concave arc-shaped surfaces (troughs) connected sequentially in the vertical direction. The convex arc-shaped surfaces and concave arc-shaped surfaces usually have a smooth tangential transition without sharp edges, forming a continuous S-shaped or sinusoidal waveform trajectory.

[0093] The second mating surface 3221 on the moving component 320 adopts an asymmetrical composite structure design. It is not a complete mirror image of the first mating surface 311, but rather consists of a flat section and a convex arc-shaped section. The convex arc-shaped surface forms the main locking teeth, and its radius of curvature is designed to match the concave arc-shaped surface on the first mating surface 311; while the flat section is located on the side or root of the convex arc-shaped surface, serving as a clearance area or reference surface. This point (or short arc) to line (long wave) mating mode simplifies the contact structure of the moving component 320.

[0094] When the moving component 320 is in the locked position, the single protruding arc-shaped surface on the second mating surface 3221 will be completely embedded in one of the concave arc-shaped surfaces of the first mating surface 311. Since both are arc-shaped mating surfaces, under the action of gravity or auxiliary elastic force, the protruding arc-shaped surface will automatically slide towards the lowest point (valley) of the concave arc-shaped surface, achieving automatic centering. At this time, the upper sidewall of the concave surface provides vertical support to the protruding arc-shaped surface, preventing it from falling.

[0095] When the moving component 320 is forced to rotate, the protruding arc-shaped surface of the second mating surface 3221 begins to slide outward along the arc-shaped inner wall of the recess in the first mating surface 311. Since the contact surfaces are all smooth arcs and the rest of the second mating surface 3221 is flat (which will not interfere with the wave crest), the sliding process is very smooth, and there will be no sharp corner jamming or "dead point" phenomenon, which greatly reduces the unlocking resistance.

[0096] Once the convex curved surface has completely slid out of the trough and over the crest, the component falls. During reset, the convex curved surface impacts the guide ramp of the next concave curved surface and slides into the bottom of a new trough, re-locking.

[0097] The protruding and concave arc surfaces can be standard circular arcs, elliptical arcs, or parabolic arcs to adjust the ratio of locking angle and unlocking force. The plane on the second mating surface 3221 can be designed as an inclined plane relative to the axis of the moving component 320 to provide a larger clearance angle after rotation unlocking, preventing unnecessary scraping with the crest of the first mating surface 311 during descent.

[0098] In this embodiment, because the invention employs a technical approach of designing the first mating surface 311 as a continuous alternating convex arc surface and a concave arc surface, and the second mating surface 3221 as a combination of a plane and a convex arc surface, it effectively solves the technical problems in the prior art where the use of a toothed ratchet or right-angle step mating mechanism easily causes jamming, severe wear, and high operating noise during unlocking, as well as the difficulty in automatically aligning with the locking center during reset. This results in a significant reduction in unlocking resistance and mechanical wear through the smooth guiding characteristics of the arc surface mating mechanism, and ensures that the mechanism can accurately and quietly slide into the locking position after each gravity drop by utilizing the self-centering effect of the concave and convex arc surfaces, thus significantly improving the smoothness and durability of the mechanism's operation.

[0099] To ensure that the positioning mechanism 3 can descend precisely and at equal intervals as the material plates are removed layer by layer, in some embodiments, the geometry of the first mating surface 311 on the fixing member 310 is strictly parametrically designed. The center-to-center distance between two adjacent recessed arc-shaped surfaces on the first mating surface 311 is equal to the thickness of a single material plate.

[0100] Specifically, the first mating surface 311 on the fastener 310 consists of a series of recessed arc-shaped surfaces (i.e., troughs) arranged continuously in the vertical direction. In this embodiment, the design focus is on the arrangement of these recessed arc-shaped surfaces: the straight-line distance between the center positions (i.e., the lowest points of the troughs) of two adjacent recessed arc-shaped surfaces in the vertical direction is defined as the locking step distance. The value of this locking step distance is not arbitrarily set, but is precisely configured to be equal to the thickness of a single piece of material to be recycled.

[0101] This means that the periodic pitch of the wave pattern on the fixing component 310 corresponds one-to-one with the physical thickness of the material plate. For example, if the material plate is a rectangular plate of standard thickness, then for every wave pitch that descends on the guide plate, the height difference corresponds exactly to the thickness of one material plate. This geometric correspondence forms the physical basis for the mechanism to achieve the function of taking one plate and descending one level.

[0102] The working principle of this embodiment is based on quantization stepping follower logic.

[0103] In the initial state, the moving component 320 is locked within a concave arc-shaped surface, pressing the Nth layer of material. At this time, the locking height of the moving component 320 is completely aligned with the top surface height of the Nth layer of material.

[0104] When the Nth layer of material is removed, the moving component 320 unlocks and begins to fall.

[0105] Since the trough spacing (locking step distance) on the fixing component 310 is exactly equal to the thickness of the material plate, when the moving component 320 falls under the action of gravity and travels a distance of one step, it just reaches the top height position of the N-1th layer material plate (i.e., the new uppermost material plate).

[0106] At the same time, the locking part (second mating surface 3221) on the moving component 320 also moves to the entrance of the next concave arc surface. Therefore, as the moving component 320 contacts the new material plate, its locking part slides in and locks in the next trough. This design ensures that the mechanism falls precisely the right distance, filling the space left by removing a material plate.

[0107] In practical engineering applications, to prevent locking failure due to positive tolerances (excessive thickness) in the material plate manufacturing, the aforementioned "center-to-center distance" is typically configured to be "equal to or slightly greater than" the thickness of a single material plate (e.g., 0.5mm to 1mm greater). This small margin ensures that the moving component 320 will always fall into the trough, and the slight gap can be compensated for by elastic elements or the flexibility of the structure itself. Furthermore, to accommodate material plates of different specifications, the fixing component 310 (guide plate) can be designed as a detachable and replaceable module. For a material plate of thickness A, install the guide plate with pitch A; for a material plate of thickness B, replace it with the guide plate with pitch B.

[0108] In this embodiment, because the present invention adopts the technical means of configuring the center distance between two adjacent concave arc surfaces on the first mating surface 311 to be equal to the thickness of a single material plate, it effectively solves the technical problem in the prior art that, due to the mismatch between the stepping distance of the positioning mechanism 3 and the actual thickness of the material plate, after a material plate is taken out, the pressing device either hangs in the air and cannot contact the next layer of material plate, or falls down and excessively squeezes and damages the material plate, or causes the mechanism to jam and cannot lock. Thus, the positioning mechanism 3 can achieve precise "one plate, one grid" follow-up downward movement when gravity resets, ensuring that after each action, the moving component 320 can perfectly fit and press against the surface of the new uppermost material plate, achieving the technical effect of zero-gap pressing and positioning.

[0109] To prevent the positioning mechanism 3 from over-rotating due to excessive force or inertia during the unlocking process, in some embodiments, the limit position constraint of the moving parts is achieved by utilizing the structure of the container 1 itself. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 and Figures 6 to 9 The side wall of the housing 1, on which the guide structure 2 is installed, forms a limiting stop for restricting the rotation angle of the moving block 322; the moving block 322 is configured to rotate to a preset angle and abut against the side wall when the shape fit is released.

[0110] Specifically, in this embodiment, the side wall of the housing 1 equipped with the guide structure 2 has a dual function: it serves as both the enclosure structure of the housing 1 and the physical endpoint of the rotational stroke of the moving block 322, thus constituting a limiting stop. The geometry of the moving block 322 and its positional relationship with the side wall have been precisely calculated and configured. The side or edge of the moving block 322 is designed so that when it rotates around its axis to a specific preset angle, it can make planar or line contact with the inner surface of the side wall.

[0111] This preset angle is a key design parameter. It is set to be greater than the minimum rotation angle required for the moving block 322 to release its shape fit (i.e., to ensure complete unlocking), but at the same time, it must be less than the critical rotation angle that would cause the return spring to fail or prevent the moving block 322 from recovering its posture. Typically, this angle design allows the moving block 322 to maintain a tilted but controlled posture in the unlocked state.

[0112] When the material handling action triggers the forced rotation of the moving component 320, the moving block 322 begins to overcome the locking resistance and deflect outward.

[0113] As the rotation angle increases, once the second mating surface 3221 on the moving block 322 is completely disengaged from the first mating surface 311 of the fixing member 310 (i.e., unlocking is complete), the moving block 322 continues to rotate a short distance under the action of inertia or residual force. At this time, the side edge or specific protrusion of the moving block 322 will directly impact or abut against the side wall of the housing 1.

[0114] The side wall of housing 1 acts as a rigid fixed surface, preventing the moving block 322 from continuing to rotate outward. At this time, the moving block 322 is restricted to this preset angle, maintaining a sliding posture against the side wall.

[0115] Subsequently, the moving component 320 falls along the guide structure 2 under the influence of gravity. Throughout the descent, due to the constraint of the side walls, the moving block 322 will not sway or flip, maintaining a posture ready to reset at any time. Once the external force is removed, the moving block 322 only needs to rebound from this preset angle, without needing to recover from an uncontrollable large angle state.

[0116] The turnover box in this embodiment is particularly suitable for automated production lines with rapid material handling. In high-speed operations, the material plate punches at high speeds, which can easily cause the moving block 322 to over-rotate due to excessive inertia. This structure can effectively curb this over-punch phenomenon.

[0117] Furthermore, to reduce noise and impact when the moving block 322 strikes the side wall, rubber buffer pads can be installed at the contact points between the moving block 322 and the side wall, or flexible anti-collision strips can be affixed to the corresponding positions on the side wall. Although using the side wall is the simplest method, in an alternative, adjustable-height bolts can be installed on the side wall, and the preset angle can be fine-tuned by adjusting the length of the bolt extension to accommodate locking surfaces of different depths. Furthermore, the limiting stop can also be a wing extending from the side of the guide structure 2 (such as the guide rail 210), rather than just the wall panel of the housing 1 itself.

[0118] In this embodiment, the present invention employs a method that utilizes the side wall of the housing 1 with the guide structure 2 installed to directly form a limiting stop that restricts the rotation angle of the moving block 322, and configures the moving block 322 to rotate to a preset angle and abut against the side wall after the shape fit is released. Therefore, it effectively solves the technical problems in the prior art where the positioning mechanism 3, due to the lack of rotation limit during high-speed unlocking, causes the moving block 322 to over-rotate, the reset spring to fail due to over-travel deformation, or the mechanism to jam in the open state and be unable to reset. This achieves the technical effect of simplifying the limiting parts by utilizing the structure of the housing 1 itself, ensuring that the moving block 322 always maintains a stable waiting-to-reset posture during the unlocking and falling process, and significantly improving the reliability of the mechanism operation and the reset response speed.

[0119] The above description is merely illustrative of the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods to replace them, as long as they do not depart from the content of this specification or exceed the scope defined by the claims, all of which should fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A turnover box for placing stacked material trays, characterized in that, include: The box body has a material inlet on the top for loading and unloading material plates; At least two sets of guide structures are symmetrically arranged on the inner wall of the box. The guide structures cooperate with the inner wall of the box to form a limiting space, and the guide structures are configured to guide the material plate to move in a direction close to or away from the material inlet. A positioning mechanism is disposed within the limiting space, the positioning mechanism comprising: A fixing member is provided extending in the direction pointing towards the feed inlet, and a first mating surface is provided on the fixing member; A movable component is configured to move relative to the fixed member and press the uppermost material plate. The movable component is provided with a second mating surface that mates with the first mating surface. The first mating surface and the second mating surface are configured such that when they are engaged, the relative position of the movable component in the direction of approaching or moving away from the material inlet is locked by form fit. During the process of removing the topmost material plate, the moving component is configured to release the shape fit when it rotates under the thrust of the topmost material plate moving toward the feed port, and after the removed material plate is separated from the moving component, it moves away from the feed port under the action of gravity, and then the second mating surface re-forms a shape fit with the first mating surface to press the new topmost material plate.

2. A turnover box according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide structure includes two guide rails symmetrically arranged on the inner side wall of the box. The cross-section of the guide rails is L-shaped, and the two guide rails enclose each other to form the limiting space.

3. A turnover box according to claim 2, characterized in that, The two guide rails in the same guide structure are arranged with their short end faces facing each other on the short side of their cross-sections, and the distance between the two short end faces is configured to allow for clearance fit with the two sides of the material plate in the width direction when the material plate is placed in the turnover box.

4. A turnover box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing member is a guide plate disposed in the limiting space, and the first mating surface is a concave-convex surface disposed on the guide plate and continuously undulating in the vertical direction; The moving component includes: Move the lever; A movable block is fixedly disposed at the end of the movable rod, and the movable block is provided with a guide protrusion or guide groove that constitutes the second mating surface; A rotating plate that is slidably sleeved on the moving rod; A first elastic element is connected between the movable block and the rotating plate. The first elastic element is configured to form a flexible transmission connection between the rotating plate and the movable block, so as to drive the movable block to rotate synchronously when the rotating plate is forced to rotate.

5. A turnover box according to claim 4, characterized in that: The rotating plate is configured to rotate around the moving rod when the uppermost material plate moves toward the material inlet; The first elastic element is configured to transmit the rotational torque of the rotating plate to the moving block, causing the moving block to rotate against the resistance of the form fit, thereby releasing the form fit.

6. A turnover box according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first elastic element is a torsion spring, which is configured to undergo elastic deformation and accumulate elastic potential energy when the rotating plate is forced to rotate, and release the elastic potential energy after the rotating plate is separated from the removed material plate to drive the rotating plate to rotate in the opposite direction, so as to drive the second mating surface of the moving block to engage with the first mating surface.

7. A turnover box according to claim 4, 5, or 6, characterized in that, The moving assembly further includes a second elastic element, and the moving rod is provided with an axially limiting step portion; the second elastic element is sleeved on the moving rod, and the two ends of the second elastic element abut against the moving block and the rotating plate respectively; the second elastic element is configured to apply elastic force along the axial direction of the moving rod, so that the side of the rotating plate away from the second elastic element is pressed against the step portion.

8. A turnover box according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first mating surface is composed of continuously alternating convex arc-shaped surfaces and concave arc-shaped surfaces, and the second mating surface is composed of a plane and convex arc-shaped surfaces.

9. A turnover box according to claim 8, characterized in that, The center-to-center distance between two adjacent recessed arc-shaped surfaces on the first mating surface is equal to the thickness of a single material plate.

10. A turnover box according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, The sidewall of the housing, which is equipped with a guide structure, forms a limiting stop for restricting the rotation angle of the moving block; the moving block is configured to rotate to a preset angle and abut against the sidewall when the shape fit is released.

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