A flow directing module and a vertical flow reactor thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of flow guide module and its vertical flow reactor, comprising: flow guide device, comprising: flow guide piece;Mesh is arranged on the upper end side wall of flow guide piece;And the through hole is arranged in flow guide piece;Mesh size is smaller than the size of through hole;Push flow device is arranged in mesh position;Aeration device is arranged in through hole, and located below push flow device;Crushing screening device is arranged below flow guide device.The flow guide device, push flow device, aeration device and crushing screening device are ingeniously conceived to form an overall system, which work together and are indispensable, and are perfectly applied to granular sludge systems that require both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The present application fundamentally overcomes the intrinsic defects of activated sludge and filler biofilm systems, such as lack of selectivity of functional microorganisms and excessive accumulation of biofilm causing blockage.

Description

A flow guiding module and its vertical flow reactor Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of environmental governance technology, and in particular relates to a flow guiding module and its vertical flow reactor. Background Technology

[0002] Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANA) is a novel autotrophic biological nitrogen removal technology that breaks through the limitations of traditional biological nitrogen removal processes. It requires no organic carbon source and boasts significant advantages in terms of low cost and low carbon emissions, providing a new approach for efficient and low-cost nitrogen removal from high-ammonia nitrogen wastewater. It couples partial nitrification with anammox, enabling autotrophic biological nitrogen removal within the same reactor through the efficient synergy of multiple functional bacterial communities. This provides a novel and sustainable solution for efficient nitrogen removal from high-ammonia nitrogen wastewater. Autotrophic biological nitrogen removal technology not only efficiently removes nitrogen but also directly reduces fugitive carbon emissions (carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, etc.) and indirect carbon emissions (electricity consumption, chemical consumption, etc.), achieving carbon reduction and showing broad application prospects. However, the realization of autotrophic biological nitrogen removal processes still faces significant challenges. For example, anammox bacteria cannot be purified and cultured, grow slowly (slow self-replication rate), are sensitive to environmental conditions, require mesophilic conditions, and utilize only a single substrate, severely restricting the further development of this technology. Anammox bacteria are granular, and suitable conditions such as pH, upflow rate, and calcium and phosphorus concentrations can promote their granulation. Mature anammox granular sludge has excellent anammox activity and can coexist with other functional microorganisms, which can better overcome (or partially solve) the above problems. However, over-mature anammox granular sludge (aged granules) is larger in size and accumulates more inorganic particles (hydroxyapatite) in the center, resulting in a decrease in anammox activity.

[0003] Chinese patent application CN117069266A discloses a wastewater treatment device, comprising: a device body having a reaction chamber inside; an inner cylinder housed within the reaction chamber and dividing the reaction chamber into a first chamber located inside the inner cylinder and a second chamber located between the inner cylinder and the device body; an aeration device disposed at the bottom of the reaction chamber and having an aeration port configured to aerate from bottom to top into the first chamber along the axial direction of the inner cylinder, thereby creating an upward flow in the first chamber and a downward flow in the second chamber; and a flow guiding device connected to the axial bottom end of the inner cylinder, comprising a first flow guiding section and a second flow guiding section connected sequentially from top to bottom along the axial direction of the inner cylinder, wherein the circumferential sidewall of the first flow guiding section has through holes, so that at least part of the downward flow enters the first chamber through the through holes and at least part of the flow enters the first chamber through the bottom end of the second flow guiding section.

[0004] This device contains activated sludge, biological packing material, and wastewater to be treated within a reaction chamber. Through a circulating reaction with upward and downward flow, various microorganisms residing within the activated sludge and biological packing material feed on harmful substances such as organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the wastewater, thereby biodegrading pollutants and purifying the water to meet discharge standards. However, the presence of activated sludge and biological packing material in the reaction chamber prevents the full realization of the highly efficient synergistic effect among the main functional bacterial groups, leading to excessive accumulation of microorganisms on the packing material and causing blockage. Although the activated sludge and biofilm reaction system can attach functional microorganisms for a long time and increase sludge concentration, it still suffers from inherent defects such as a lack of selectivity of functional microorganisms and blockage caused by excessive biofilm accumulation. In particular, for biological denitrification reaction systems containing both nitrifying and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, the large amount of biological packing material attached prevents the free-floating nitrite-oxidizing bacteria from being discharged normally with the effluent. This causes ammonia nitrogen, after being oxidized to nitrite nitrogen, to be further oxidized to nitrate nitrogen, resulting in a sharp decrease in autotrophic denitrification efficiency. Furthermore, due to numerous unreasonable aspects in the specific design and layout of its internal structures, its response time is too long and its response effect is insufficient, which also increases construction and operating costs.

[0005] Therefore, how to provide a reasonably laid-out flow guiding module to accelerate the rapid granulation of microbial aggregates, which can greatly enhance the efficiency of autoaerobic biological denitrification reaction, promote the efficient synergistic effect among various complex functional bacterial groups, reduce wastewater treatment costs, and reduce carbon emissions during the treatment process is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a flow guiding module, including a flow guiding device, a flow pushing device, an aeration device, and a crushing and screening device;

[0007] A flow guiding device includes: a flow guiding element; a sieve hole disposed on the upper side wall of the flow guiding element; and a through hole disposed within the flow guiding element; the size of the sieve hole is smaller than the size of the through hole.

[0008] The flow propulsion device includes: a flow propulsion mounting frame, a flow propulsion main shaft, a flow propulsion impeller, and a flow propulsion drive component; the flow propulsion mounting frame is disposed inside the screen holes; the flow propulsion main shaft is disposed in the middle of the flow propulsion mounting frame; the flow propulsion impeller and the flow propulsion drive component are nested on the flow propulsion main shaft;

[0009] The aeration device is installed inside the through hole and located below the flow propulsion device;

[0010] The crushing and screening device is located below the flow guiding device.

[0011] Furthermore, the flow guide includes an inner inclined flow guide, a vertical flow guide, and an outer inclined flow guide;

[0012] The inner inclined flow guide, the vertical flow guide, and the outer inclined flow guide are connected end to end from top to bottom to form a hollow flow guide structure, forming a through hole inward;

[0013] The sieve holes are set on the side wall of the inner inclined guide section and / or the vertical guide section.

[0014] Furthermore, the vertical guide section is a hollow cylindrical structure that extends vertically and is coaxially arranged with the inner and outer oblique guide sections and connected end to end, so that a continuous hollow through-flow channel is formed between the inner oblique guide section, the vertical guide section and the outer oblique guide section.

[0015] Furthermore, the flow propulsion device is located at the connection between the inner inclined flow guide and the vertical flow guide; the aeration device is located at the connection between the vertical flow guide and the outer inclined flow guide; and the crushing and screening device is located below the outer inclined flow guide.

[0016] When applied to a vertical flow reactor, the entire reactor is sequentially divided into: an external downflow channel, an external reaction zone, a particle conditioning zone, a mixing reaction zone, and an internal reaction zone.

[0017] Furthermore, the heights of the inner inclined guide section, the vertical guide section, and the outer inclined guide section increase sequentially; and the inner inclined angle of the inner inclined guide section is smaller than the outer inclined angle of the outer inclined guide section.

[0018] Furthermore, the impeller blades are trapezoidal and inclined upwards; the angle difference between the impeller blades and the inner inclined guide section does not exceed 15°.

[0019] Furthermore, the propulsion mounting frame includes a propulsion base plate and a propulsion bracket; one end of the propulsion bracket is connected to the outer edge of the propulsion base plate, and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the guide member;

[0020] The flow-pushing base plate and the flow-pushing support are in the shape of a trapezoidal frustum. The lower edge of the trapezoidal frustum is flush with the connection between the inner inclined flow guide and the vertical flow guide. The upper edge of the trapezoidal frustum is lower than the position of the sieve holes on the inner inclined flow guide.

[0021] Furthermore, the crushing and screening device includes: a crushing shell, a blade, a crushing drive assembly, and a screen;

[0022] The crushing frame is closed on the sides and open from top to bottom; and an internal screen is installed with mesh openings on the screen.

[0023] The blade and crushing drive assembly are rotatably nested under the crushing shell.

[0024] Furthermore, the screen is set at any one or more positions at the bottom, top, and middle of the crushing shell; when the screen is set at multiple positions, a multi-stage screen is formed; in a multi-stage screen, the aperture of the mesh decreases sequentially from bottom to top.

[0025] Crushing drive assembly, including: crushing drive components and crushing spindle;

[0026] The crushing drive unit is located at the bottom end of the crushing shell;

[0027] The crushing spindle is connected to the crushing drive unit and extends downwards;

[0028] The blades are mounted at an angle on the crushing shaft.

[0029] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a vertical flow reactor, comprising: an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, a sludge discharge port, and any of the above-mentioned flow guiding modules;

[0030] The inner cylinder is connected to the outer cylinder, separating the inner reaction chamber located inside the inner cylinder and the outer reaction chamber located between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder;

[0031] The flow guiding module is connected to the axial bottom end of the inner cylinder; during operation, the fluid rises in the inner reaction chamber, bypasses the top of the inner cylinder, descends in the outer reaction chamber, and flows around the lower end of the flow guiding component or passes through the sieve holes on the side wall for continuous circulation;

[0032] The sludge discharge port is located below the flow guiding module.

[0033] The flow guiding module and its vertical flow reactor provided by this invention ingeniously integrate the flow guiding device, the flow pushing device, the aeration device and the crushing and screening device into an integrated system. They work together to exert their effects, and none of them can be omitted. It is perfectly applicable to granular sludge systems that require both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. It fundamentally overcomes the inherent defects of activated sludge and packing biofilm systems, such as the lack of selectivity of functional microorganisms and the blockage caused by excessive accumulation of biofilm. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort. In the drawings, the same parts use the same reference numerals. The drawings are not drawn to scale.

[0035] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a vertical flow reactor according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a flow guiding device for a vertical flow reactor according to the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a flow propulsion device for a vertical flow reactor according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 is a top view schematic diagram of an embodiment of the flow propulsion device of a vertical flow reactor according to the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 is a top view schematic diagram of an embodiment of the impeller of the propulsion device of a vertical flow reactor according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a crushing and screening device for a vertical flow reactor according to the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 is a top view schematic diagram of an embodiment of a crushing and screening device for a vertical flow reactor according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or there may be an intervening component present. When a component is referred to as "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intervening component present.

[0044] It should also be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indications, such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc., these directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly. Furthermore, if the embodiments of the present invention involve descriptions such as "first," "second," "S1," "S2," "step one," "step two," etc., these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or the order of method execution. Those skilled in the art will understand that anything that does not violate the inventive concept and does not contradict the inventive points should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] This invention provides a flow guiding module, optionally but not limited to being installed at the axial bottom end of a vertical flow reactor, to screen and guide the mixed solution in a modular structure for use in wastewater treatment, water purification, partial nitrification / anammox (PN / A) reactions, nitrogen and phosphorus removal, etc. Taking the vertical flow reactor shown in Figure 1 as an example, it may optionally include: an outer cylinder 1, an inner cylinder 2, and a sludge discharge port 7; the inner cylinder is connected to the outer cylinder, separating an inner reaction chamber 11 located inside the inner cylinder and an outer reaction chamber 12 located between the inner and outer cylinders. The working principle and technical effects of the core flow guiding module of this invention will be further explained based on this example of a vertical flow reactor.

[0046] Specifically, the flow guiding module includes: a flow guiding device 3, a flow pushing device 4, an aeration device 5, and a crushing and screening device 6;

[0047] The flow guiding device includes a flow guiding component 31; a sieve hole 32 disposed on the upper side wall of the flow guiding component 31; and a through hole 33 disposed in the flow guiding component 31; the size of the sieve hole is smaller than the size of the through hole; specifically, when applied to a vertical flow reactor, the flow guiding device is connected to the axial bottom end of the inner cylinder;

[0048] A flow propulsion device is installed inside the sieve holes;

[0049] The aeration device is installed inside the through hole and located below the flow propulsion device;

[0050] The crushing and screening device is located below the flow guiding device.

[0051] In this embodiment, the flow guiding module of the present invention is provided, which not only has the basic functions of existing flow guiding devices and aeration devices: during use, the aeration device aerates upwards, causing an upward flow to form in the inner reaction chamber and a downward flow to form in the outer reaction chamber. Specifically, during aeration, the mixture in the reaction chamber is in a three-phase state of gas, liquid, and solid. The mixture can follow the airflow to form an upward flow in the center of the inner reaction chamber. When it rises to a certain height, under the action of gravity, the mixture can form a downward flow in the outer reaction chamber. Then, part of the downward flow flows back into the inner reaction chamber through the flow guiding device at the bottom. Small particles flow downwards through the sieve holes on the flow guiding device into the inner reaction chamber, while large particles flow downwards through the through holes in the flow guiding device into the inner reaction chamber. Due to the different sizes of the sieve holes and through holes, the separation of large and small particles is completed. Taking sewage treatment as an example, clear liquid, flocculent sludge, and small-diameter granular sludge can enter the inner reaction chamber through the small-sized sieve holes to carry out internal circulation. Large-diameter granular sludge is intercepted and can only fall downwards along the flow guiding device, entering the inner reaction chamber through the large-sized through holes to carry out internal circulation.

[0052] Furthermore, at least three improvements are made: 1. A flow-pushing device is installed at the screen opening to push the flow upwards; 2. The aeration device is moved into the through hole and is located below the flow-pushing device, not below the entire flow-guiding device; 3. A crushing and screening device is installed below the entire flow-guiding device. These three core invention points form a structured flow-guiding module, and its key difference from the prior art mentioned in the background art lies in:

[0053] A: A flow-pushing device is installed at the sieve opening position; its main function is to reduce the internal circulation time of particles at this position: because the particle size that can pass through the sieve opening is very small, it does not require much reaction time. The flow-pushing device pushes the flow upward, which can drive the fluid below and to the side to rise, thereby forming a negative pressure below and to the side of the sieve opening. The fluid is continuously drawn into the side through the sieve opening of the guide component, selectively causing small particles such as clear water and flocs to rise rapidly, reducing the internal circulation residence time, thereby accelerating the internal circulation of the upper layer, accelerating the clear liquid output efficiency of the purified water outlet, improving the overall circulation efficiency and purification effect of the vertical flow reactor, and reducing the purification time.

[0054] B: The aeration component is moved into the flow guiding device and located below the flow propulsion device, but not below the entire flow guiding device. This has two main functions: 1. Moving it into the flow guiding device, close to the flow propulsion device, creates a synergistic structure, increasing the upward flow velocity and solving the bubble problem: After the gas introduced by the aeration device moves upward, it can quickly combine with the clear water, flocs, and other small-diameter granular sludge particles above, increasing the upward flow velocity. This, combined with the flow propulsion device located at the screen opening, further increases the upward flow velocity of the mixed liquor. More importantly, particles carried in the fluid will rise along the direction of fluid movement, exhibiting turbulent flow. Tiny bubbles that may be carried in the particles will be amplified by the turbulent flow and aeration. Separation occurs through the mutual collision of the device and the flow-driving device; after degassing, the particulate matter can better contact or adsorb with dissolved substances in a turbulent mixing state; 2. The aeration device is set inside the flow-driving device, not below it, which can completely isolate the upper internal circulation (small particles passing through the sieve holes) from the lower internal circulation (large particles blocked by the sieve holes but entering through the through holes), preventing the lower internal circulation particles from contacting the aeration device too early, providing more space and more reaction time for the lower non-clean water, such as large sludge particles blocked by the sieve holes but entering through the through holes, promoting the circulation effect of the lower non-clean water, and comprehensively improving the overall reaction effect;

[0055] C: A crushing and screening device is installed below the flow guiding device; this can accelerate the crushing of large-diameter sludge particles falling from above during the continuous growth of large-diameter sludge particles, increase the exposed area of ​​inorganic matter, promote the anaerobic reaction at this stage, further improve the reaction efficiency, and accelerate the process of participating in the internal circulation.

[0056] The design of the combination and specific positions of the four structures—the flow guiding device, the flow pushing device, the aeration device, and the crushing device—is the result of the inventor's creative labor based on the different requirements of particles of different sizes in the vertical flow reactor for reaction time, reaction position, and circulation trajectory. It is not a simple selection of conventional technology. The flow guiding module of this invention ingeniously conceives the flow guiding device, the flow pushing device, the aeration device, and the crushing and screening device into an integrated system. They work together to exert their effects, and none of them can be missing. It is perfectly applicable to granular sludge systems that have both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. It fundamentally overcomes the inherent defects of activated sludge and packing biofilm systems, such as the lack of selectivity of functional microorganisms and the blockage caused by excessive accumulation of biofilm. The propulsion device at the top of the inner cavity of the flow guiding device and the aeration device below it can create negative pressure near the screen holes, accelerate the internal circulation of the upper clear liquid, promote the aerobic (nitrification) reaction, and directly separate it from the internal circulation of the bottom granular sludge, forming completely different movement paths for clear liquid (sewage) and sludge (anaerobic ammonia oxidation granular sludge). This achieves separation of sewage retention time and sludge retention time within the same reactor. Furthermore, it significantly extends the retention (reaction) time of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation granular sludge under anaerobic conditions, accumulating more anaerobic ammonia oxidation functional microorganisms with slow self-proliferation rates, which is beneficial for improving the efficiency of anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction and provides favorable conditions for efficient synergy among different functional microorganisms, thereby enhancing the overall autotrophic denitrification effect. In addition, the crushing and screening device below further crushes the aged, large-diameter granular sludge, separates inorganic components, promotes the renewal of granular sludge, and further improves reaction efficiency. Its beneficial effects are self-evident.

[0057] More preferably, as shown in FIG2, the flow guiding device includes an inner inclined flow guiding part 311, a vertical flow guiding part 312 and an outer inclined flow guiding part 313;

[0058] The inner inclined flow guide, the vertical flow guide, and the outer inclined flow guide are connected end to end from top to bottom to form a hollow flow guide structure, forming a through hole inward;

[0059] The sieve holes are set on the side wall of the inner inclined guide section and / or the vertical guide section.

[0060] Preferably, the sieve aperture includes a multi-stage sieve aperture group arranged from top to bottom; the aperture of each stage of the sieve aperture group increases sequentially from top to bottom, so that particles of different sizes enter the internal circulation at different heights through the sieve aperture groups of different aperture sizes, and are further diverted.

[0061] In this embodiment, a preferred embodiment of the flow guiding device of the present invention is given. Since the present invention adds a flow pushing device at the sieve hole position, it greatly increases the negative pressure and particle adsorption capacity at the sieve hole position. Although small-diameter particles can pass through the sieve hole and enter the internal circulation, a small amount may also get stuck between the inner inclined flow guiding part and the outer inclined flow guiding part of the existing flow guiding device. As time goes by, the more particles accumulate, the more likely they are to block part of the sieve hole and occupy the outer space of the flow guiding part, which seriously affects the speed of the internal and external circulation. Therefore, the flow guiding device of the present invention adds a vertical flow guiding section as a transition section between the inner inclined flow guiding section and the outer inclined flow guiding section. For the external circulation: the vertical flow guiding section of this transition section can form a large angle with the inner inclined flow guiding section upward, avoiding particle accumulation at the screen hole position and affecting the internal circulation; downward, it can also form a large angle with the outer inclined flow guiding section, delaying the falling time of larger particles that have not passed through the screen hole in the external circulation, forming large particles for further crushing and screening by the crushing and screening device, making full use of the external circulation reaction in this section; for the internal circulation, it can effectively extend the circulation path of large particle sludge, and the small particle material passing through the screen hole circulates quickly in the screen hole. Due to the setting of the transition section, the circulation path is staggered with that of large particle sludge, resulting in significant stratification of clear liquid, flocculent sludge, small particle sludge, and large particle sludge, further refining the flow path division of different particles, and improving the circulation efficiency of clear liquid, flocculent sludge, small particle sludge, and large particle sludge.

[0062] More preferably, as shown in Figure 2, the vertical guide section is a hollow cylindrical structure that extends vertically and is coaxially arranged with the inner inclined guide section and the outer inclined guide section and connected end to end, so that a continuous hollow through-flow channel is formed between the inner inclined guide section, the vertical guide section and the outer inclined guide section.

[0063] In this embodiment, the vertical guide section is configured as a hollow cylindrical structure extending vertically, and is coaxially arranged with the inner and outer inclined guide sections and connected end to end. In this case, the outer wall of the vertical guide section forms obtuse angles with the inner and outer inclined guide sections, making the flow transition smoother and avoiding the technical problem of stagnation zones or dead zones in the flow of flocculent sludge, small-diameter granular sludge, and large-diameter granular sludge.

[0064] More preferably, as shown in Figure 2, the heights of the inner inclined guide section, the vertical guide section, and the outer inclined guide section increase sequentially; and the inner inclined angle θ1 of the inner inclined guide section is smaller than the outer inclined angle θ2 of the outer inclined guide section.

[0065] In this embodiment, the inner inclined guide section, the vertical guide section, and the outer inclined guide section are further defined. This design is not a conventional technical choice but has substantial technical effects. 1. Height setting: It can adapt to the reaction time of reactants at each position. As the particle size increases with depth, the required reaction time also increases. The heights of the inner, transition, and outer inclined sections increase sequentially, providing sufficient reaction time for particles at each position and promoting the overall reaction effect. This allows flocculent sludge, small granular sludge, and large granular sludge to form circulation paths of different lengths during the flow process, achieving particle classification flow and effectively separating their respective circulation paths. 2. Inclination angle setting: The inner inclined angle of the inner inclined guide section is smaller than the outer inclined angle of the outer inclined guide section, making the flow path of water and entrained flocculent sludge and small-diameter granular sludge within the guide device faster. This is beneficial for accelerating the circulation velocity of flocculent sludge and small-diameter granular sludge. At the same time, the larger outer inclined angle facilitates a slower circulation velocity for large granular sludge within the guide device, effectively avoiding particle mixing interference.

[0066] More preferably, as shown in Figure 2, the flow propulsion device is located at the connection between the inner inclined flow guide and the vertical flow guide; the aeration device is located at the connection between the vertical flow guide and the outer inclined flow guide; and the crushing and screening device is located below the outer inclined flow guide.

[0067] When applied to a vertical flow reactor, the entire reactor is sequentially divided into: an external downflow channel, an external reaction zone, a particle conditioning zone, a mixing reaction zone, and an internal reaction zone.

[0068] In this embodiment, the positions of the flow-propelling device, aeration device, and crushing and screening device in the internal circulation are further rationally arranged. These positions may seem simple, but they represent a significant change made by the inventors through creative labor to adapt to the specific realities of the internal circulation. This allows the flow-guiding module of this invention to divide the entire vertical flow reactor into five different reaction zones when applied to a vertical flow reactor, adapting to the reaction residence time and reaction environment of particles of different sizes. This is crucial for the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction: 1. The positional design of the flow-propelling device: The flow-propelling device is located at the connection between the inward inclined flow guide and the vertical flow guide. The negative pressure generated can cover the screen holes on the side wall of the inward inclined flow guide in a large area, making the circulation rate of the clear liquid, flocculent sludge, and small granular sludge more efficient at the screen hole position, thus accelerating the growth rate of flocculent sludge and small granular sludge. 2. The design function of the aeration device and the crushing and screening device: Large particles blocked by the screen holes enter the internal circulation through the through holes and reach the bottom of the outer inclined guide section. At this time, sludge particles of suitable size pass through the crushing and screening device and continue to circulate. Meanwhile, sludge particles of excessive size are blocked by the crushing and screening device and remain on the screen surface. After being crushed, they participate in the circulation again. Because the aeration device is located at the connection between the vertical guide section and the outer inclined guide section, the particles passing through the crushing and screening device do not come into contact with the aeration at this point. They only undergo a full anaerobic reaction in the outer inclined guide section under the action of the liquid flow rate (note that this part cannot come into contact with the aeration, so it just happens to provide an anaerobic environment with a low dissolved oxygen concentration, which is suitable for the large particles in this part). The reaction time in this section is extended until the reaction reaches the aeration device position of the vertical guide section and the outer inclined guide section. Only then does it receive the aeration effect and complete an aerobic reaction with the flocculent sludge and small particle sludge above in an oxygen-rich environment (note that this part can come into contact with the aeration, just happens to provide an aerobic environment with a high dissolved oxygen concentration, which is suitable for the small particles in this part - the particles have been crushed or directly entered through the sieve holes). Through the above structural coordination, the vertical flow reactor can simultaneously achieve multi-functional coupled control of flow propulsion, aeration, crushing and screening during operation, promoting the orderly stratification and circulation of flocculent sludge, small granular sludge and large granular sludge, and completing the corresponding reactions at appropriate locations (different zones adapt to particle size to carry out anaerobic and aerobic reactions), effectively improving the circulation reaction efficiency and organic matter removal efficiency.

[0069] In the above embodiments, the specific locations of the flow propulsion device, aeration device, and crushing and screening device are further planned, and the specific structure of the flow guiding device, as well as the height and angle settings of each structure, are defined. While seemingly simple, this design yields unexpected beneficial effects. This structured design allows the outer reaction chamber, when applied to a vertical flow reactor, to be naturally divided into an external downward flow channel, an external reaction zone, and a particle conditioning zone, connected sequentially from top to bottom. Specifically: the external downward flow channel is formed between the inner cylinder and the sieve holes and the outer cylinder; the external reaction zone is formed between the outer cylinder and the flow guiding device; and the particle conditioning zone is formed at the bottom of the outer reaction chamber. Simultaneously, the inner reaction chamber forms an inner reaction zone, and the through-holes of the flow guiding device form a mixing reaction zone. During the reaction: the aeration device aerates upwards, forming an upward flow in the particle conditioning zone, mixing reaction zone, and inner reaction zone from bottom to top, and then forming a downward flow in the outer downward flow channel and outer reaction zone. The mixture can follow the airflow to form an upward flow in the inner reaction zone, mixing reaction zone, and particle conditioning zone. When it rises to the upper edge of the inner cylinder, the mixed liquid bypasses it and forms a downward flow through the outer downward flow channel.

[0070] Next, a portion of the downward flow re-enters the mixing and inner reaction zones via a guide device located at the bottom. Specifically, some of the downward flow enters the inner reaction zone through the sieve holes on the guide device, while some (mainly large-diameter particles) bypasses the bottom edge of the guide device and enters the particle conditioning zone before continuing to rise and undergo internal circulation. Due to the differences in the size and position of the sieve holes and through holes, the separation of clear liquid, flocculent sludge and fine particles, and large particles and large granular materials is achieved. It can be seen that in different areas of the outer reaction chamber, clear liquid, flocculent sludge, small-diameter granular sludge, and large-diameter granular sludge create different circulation paths, thus forming a granular sludge distribution system in the vertical flow reactor, fundamentally different from the biofilm reaction system, achieving better wastewater treatment results.

[0071] More preferably, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the propulsion device 4 includes: a propulsion mounting frame, a propulsion main shaft 43, a propulsion impeller 44, and a propulsion drive component 45;

[0072] A flow-generating mounting bracket is installed at the sieve hole position;

[0073] The main shaft for propulsion is located in the middle of the propulsion mounting frame;

[0074] The impeller blades and the drive components are nested on the main shaft.

[0075] In this embodiment, the propulsion drive unit drives the propulsion main shaft to rotate, which in turn drives the blades nested on the propulsion main shaft to rotate. On the one hand, the propulsion impeller blades rotate continuously and push the flow upward, accelerating the upward flow velocity of the sewage. In the sewage granular sludge system, the particulate matter carried in the sewage fluid will rise rapidly along the direction of fluid movement, exhibiting turbulent flow. On the other hand, the propulsion impeller blades continuously collide with and impact the sewage, and the tiny bubbles carried in the particulate matter are separated under the action of turbulence and mutual collision. After degassing, the particulate matter can better collide or adsorb with dissolved substances in a turbulent mixed state. This can solve the problems of insufficient mixed liquor circulation power, low upward flow velocity of biological granular sludge, and difficulty in separating tiny bubbles carried by biological granular sludge in tower-type and vertical flow reactors, thereby increasing the propulsion velocity of the solution, shortening the circulation time of the liquid flow, and improving the sewage treatment rate.

[0076] More preferably, to avoid the propulsion mounting frame clogging the screen holes and affecting the lateral and upward fluid movement, the propulsion mounting frame is preferably in the form of a skeleton, including a propulsion base plate 41 and a propulsion support 42. One end of the propulsion support is connected to the outer edge of the propulsion base plate, and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the guide component. It is supported by the skeleton of the base plate and the support. For example, the propulsion support includes a horizontal bar and several vertical bars spaced apart; the horizontal bar has a ring structure and is sequentially fitted onto the vertical bars from top to bottom. The propulsion support forms a skeleton through the vertical bars and horizontal bars. More preferably, as shown in Figure 3, the propulsion base plate can be a bottom circular steel plate; the propulsion support can be formed by several diagonal bars, one end of which is connected to the outer edge of the propulsion base plate, and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the guide component. The bottom circular steel plate is welded to the side shell to form the main body of the propulsion device; then a propulsion main shaft is set in the middle, and propulsion impellers and propulsion drive components are nested above and below.

[0077] More preferably, the flow-pushing base plate and the flow-pushing support are integrally shaped like a trapezoidal frustum; the lower edge of the trapezoidal frustum is flush with the connection between the inner inclined guide section and the vertical guide section; the upper edge of the trapezoidal frustum is lower than the position of the sieve holes on the inner inclined guide section. For example, the diameter of the upper edge of the trapezoidal frustum can be selected as: 1m ≤ Φ 上 ≤10m; lower edge diameter, can be selected as 1 / 10 Φ 上 ≤Φ 下 ≤1 / 5 Φ 上 .

[0078] In this embodiment, a preferred embodiment of the propulsion base plate and propulsion support is provided. The circular base plate and trapezoidal frustum design allow the propulsion device to fit snugly against the inner surface of the inner inclined guide section. When combined with the aeration device, it generates a stronger negative pressure when pushing upwards. This internal circulation, through the screen holes, continuously draws in clear liquid, flocculent sludge, and fine-particle sludge, further improving the diversion and purification effect. Moreover, the bottom of the propulsion device is installed precisely at the connection between the inner inclined guide section and the vertical guide section, and the upper edge of the propulsion device does not exceed the screen hole position. In other words, the height of the propulsion device does not exceed the screen hole position. The upward propulsion generates negative pressure at the screen hole position but does not block the entry of particles, thus promoting internal circulation.

[0079] More preferably, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, the impeller blades can be selected as trapezoidal blades that are longer at the top and shorter at the bottom.

[0080] In this embodiment, the trapezoidal impeller design, with its longer upper section and shorter lower section, better adapts to the configuration of the inwardly inclined guide section. Furthermore, it increases the force-bearing area of ​​the upper part of the impeller blades, allowing the impeller to exert a greater force on the upper fluid, enhancing its upward propulsion. The smaller force-bearing area of ​​the lower impeller blades effectively reduces resistance. The difference in size between the upper and lower sections of the trapezoidal impeller blades creates a natural flow guidance effect, causing the fluid to flow more concentratedly upwards under the action of the impeller blades, reducing lateral diffusion and turbulence. For example, the blade inclination angle of the impeller blades is: 10 ≤ θblade ≤ 45 degrees.

[0081] More preferably, the impeller blades can be set at an upward tilt angle; specifically, this tilt angle can be equal to or slightly smaller than the tilt angle of the inclined surface of the inner inclined guide section. The upward tilt of the impeller blades propels the fluid along the inclined surface of the inner inclined guide section. Matching the tilt angle of the impeller blades with the tilt angle of the inner inclined guide section ensures that the mechanical direction of the propelled fluid is consistent with the guide path, reducing ineffective energy consumption and improving the overall operating efficiency of the device. More specifically, the threshold value for the tilt angle difference is set to 0°–15° to adapt to usage requirements.

[0082] More preferably, the impeller blades are provided with cutting edges on their sides and bottom edges. As the impeller blades rotate, these cutting edges cut and agitate the fluid carrying air bubbles, facilitating the separation of air bubbles from particulate matter. The separated particulate matter can then come into more thorough contact with the reactants.

[0083] More preferably, as shown in Figures 1 and 3, the central axis of the impeller blades is vertically perpendicular;

[0084] The central axis of the aeration components and the propulsion device coincides with the central axis of the inner cylinder.

[0085] In this embodiment, the central axis of the impeller blades is vertically aligned to further improve the symmetry of the flow field distribution and enhance wastewater treatment efficiency. The central axes of the aeration components and the impeller device coincide with the central axis of the inner cylinder. This alignment maximizes the coverage of the through holes and the inner cylinder space by maximizing the effective range of the impeller device and the aeration components. Simultaneously, the alignment of the impeller device with the aeration components' central axes ensures that the upward flow generated by the impeller blades superimposes on the upward flow generated by the aeration components, preventing asymmetrical flow caused by axial misalignment. This creates stable upward and downward flow paths, further improving the device's guiding effect on wastewater flow.

[0086] More preferably, the flow-driving component can be a flow-driving motor. The rotational speed of the flow-driving motor can be selected as low speed, for example 0 to 60 rpm.

[0087] More preferably, the bottom end of the pusher plate and the inner inclined guide section can also be equipped with a seal and fastener to achieve a sealing and fixing effect, forming a bottom center closed, which can only form a side bottom water inlet and top water outlet under negative pressure; more preferably, the material can be fiberglass, stainless steel, engineering plastics, etc.

[0088] More preferably, as shown in Figures 1, 6 and 7, the crushing and screening device includes: a crushing shell 61, a blade 62, a crushing drive assembly, and a screen 63;

[0089] The crushing frame is closed on the sides and open from top to bottom; and an internal screen is installed with mesh openings on the screen.

[0090] The blade and crushing drive assembly are rotatably nested under the crushing shell.

[0091] More preferably, the screen can be set at any one or more positions at the bottom, top, or middle of the crushing shell; when the screen is set at multiple positions, a multi-stage screen is formed; the mesh size of the multi-stage screen decreases from bottom to top; so as to filter the particles layer by layer.

[0092] The crushing drive assembly includes: a crushing drive component 64 and a crushing spindle 65;

[0093] The crushing drive unit is located at the bottom end of the crushing shell;

[0094] The crushing spindle is connected to the crushing drive unit and extends downwards;

[0095] The blades are mounted at an angle on the crushing shaft.

[0096] In this embodiment, the inner and outer inclined guide sections divide the entire flow space into inner and outer regions. The bottom space is also divided into inner and outer regions by the crushing frame. The outer region is mainly composed of large-diameter sludge particles, while the inner region contains water carrying large sludge particles. Specifically, the frame is side-closed and vertically open, with a screen at the bottom and a connection to the through holes at the top. The density of the large sludge particles is slightly greater than that of water, and they flow downwards along the closed sides, reaching the bottom of the crushing frame. Granular sludge particles smaller than the screen mesh size pass through the screen with the upward flow and continue to move upward; granular sludge particles larger than the screen mesh size are intercepted by the screen. Simultaneously, under the rotation of the slurry blade, these larger particles are sheared into granular sludge particles of suitable size. The less dense portion can penetrate the screen and move upward, while the denser portion (mainly inorganic particles or inorganic agglomerates within the particles) sinks downward. On one hand, the rotational shearing of the slurry blade and the density difference separate inorganic particles and inorganic agglomerates; on the other hand, the mesh size filters out sludge particles of suitable size to control the diameter of the sludge particles, thereby adjusting the throughput rate of the granular sludge. More preferably, as shown in Figure 1, the bottom of the outer cylinder 1 is provided with a sludge discharge port 7. The denser portion (mainly inorganic particles or inorganic agglomerates within the particles) is discharged through the sludge discharge port, preventing the denser portion from accumulating at the bottom of the outer cylinder. The crushing and screening device crushes large-diameter sludge particles, preventing them from aging. While discharging inorganic components, it retains organic components that enter the through-holes, i.e., the mixing and reaction zone, allowing the sludge particles to self-renew. More preferably, the mesh is round with a diameter of 3mm ≤ Φ ≤ 10mm, or square with dimensions of 4×4mm ≤ side length ≤ 8×8mm, to meet the screening and separation requirements for sludge particles of a preset size. Even more preferably, the distance between the blade and the screen is 2–5mm. This prevents direct contact between the blade and the screen, reducing damage and wear caused by collisions, and, combined with the screen's mesh size, improves the shearing and crushing efficiency and screening accuracy for large-diameter sludge particles. Optionally, the blade rotation can be driven by a motor or by the liquid flow in the wastewater treatment process. In this embodiment, the slurry cutter cuts large sludge particles through the drive of the crushing drive and the transmission of the crushing main shaft. Because the slurry cutter is installed at an angle below the main shaft, during the rotational cutting process, one side of the slurry cutter applies an upward lifting force to the sludge particles, while the other side forms a negative pressure area, generating an adsorption effect. The liquid flow direction is guided, forming an orderly vortex that carries the sludge particles through the mesh of the screen, further optimizing the crushing and separation efficiency. Operators can adjust the shearing and crushing efficiency by adjusting the inclination angle of the slurry cutter or the rotation speed of the crushing drive. More specifically, the crushing drive is a motor with a rotation speed of 100–1000 rpm, and the inclination angle of the slurry cutter is 5° ≤ θ ≤ 30°. Those skilled in the art can adjust the motor speed and the slurry cutter inclination angle according to the processing requirements of different sludge characteristics to improve the applicability of the device.More preferably, the blade is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, with a guide channel on the inner side and the cutting edge positioned on the upper and outer sides. Due to the blade's top-to-bottom width, the flow-pushing device reduces the resistance encountered by the blade during rotation, resulting in smoother shearing action. The cutting edge positioning on the upper and outer sides provides multi-angle cutting paths, enabling comprehensive shearing of sludge particles during rotation. The guide channel directs the liquid flow, preventing sludge particles from accumulating or clogging inside the blade, and guiding the liquid flow to carry unbroken sludge particles into the shearing zone, reducing sludge retention time and significantly improving the crushing efficiency for large sludge particles. More preferably, the blade is made of a rust-resistant material, such as stainless steel, to prevent oxidation and rust, extending the service life of the device.

[0097] More preferably, as shown in Figure 6-7, the crushing shell is a hollow truncated cone that gradually narrows from top to bottom, and the screen is set at the bottom of the hollow truncated cone.

[0098] In this embodiment, the crushing shell is a hollow frustum that tapers from top to bottom, has a trapezoidal shape in side view, is sealed and waterproof on the sides, and is tilted at a certain angle. It is understood that those skilled in the art can adjust the size of the channel through which the granular sludge moves downward by setting the side tilt angle of the crushing shell, thereby controlling the downward movement speed and the amount of large granular sludge passing through.

[0099] More preferably, as shown in Figures 1, 6, and 7, the bottom of the outer cylinder is set as a hollow frustum shape that tapers from top to bottom, and the side of the crushing shell frame has the same inclination angle as the side of the bottom of the outer cylinder.

[0100] In this embodiment, the bottom of the outer cylinder maintains the same inclination angle as the crushing frame, forming an inclined and continuous preset flow path. This reduces the jamming and accumulation of granular sludge in narrow areas due to inconsistent inclination angles during granular sludge movement. Furthermore, the sludge particles move along the inclined preset flow path, forming an inclined guiding structure that helps guide large sludge particles to slide downwards along the sidewall, improving the separation efficiency of large sludge particles. For example, the bottom of the outer cylinder maintains the same inclination angle as the crushing frame, and the distance between the bottom of the cylinder and the crushing frame is 5mm to 10mm. This reasonable distance allows large sludge particles to be precisely guided to the screen area and sheared by the slurry blades; small particles can be screened under the combined action of the gap and the screen, improving grading accuracy and efficiency.

[0101] On the other hand, the present invention also provides a vertical flow reactor, comprising: an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, a sludge discharge port, and any of the above-mentioned flow guiding modules;

[0102] The inner cylinder is connected to the outer cylinder, separating the inner reaction chamber located inside the inner cylinder and the outer reaction chamber located between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder;

[0103] The flow guiding module is connected to the axial bottom end of the inner cylinder; during operation, the fluid rises in the inner reaction chamber, bypasses the top of the inner cylinder, descends in the outer reaction chamber, and flows around the lower end of the flow guiding component or passes through the sieve holes on the side wall for continuous circulation;

[0104] The sludge discharge port is located below the flow guiding module.

[0105] This embodiment provides an example of a vertical flow reactor based on the flow guiding module concept of the present invention. The outer and inner cylinders can be selected as tower-shaped, circular, square, etc., to form the inner and outer reaction chambers. A flow guiding device is installed at the bottom of the inner cylinder, a flow-pushing device is installed at the sieve holes, an aeration device is installed in the through holes, and a crushing and screening device is installed below the flow guiding device to assemble the vertical flow reactor of the present invention. This invention can solve problems such as insufficient mixed liquor circulation power, low upward flow velocity of biological granular sludge, poor selectivity of different functional bacterial communities, low accumulation of microorganisms with slow self-proliferation rates (easily lost), difficulty in separating microbubbles entrained in biological granular sludge, lack of controlled diversion of the mixed liquor circulation path within the reactor, overlapping flow trajectories of clear liquid and biological granular sludge, and unfavorable functional reaction conditions for biological granular sludge in tower-shaped, circular, and square vertical flow reactors. Therefore, it improves the overall circulation efficiency of the vertical flow reactor, enhances the purification effect, and reduces the purification time. Taking wastewater treatment as an example, the wastewater to be treated in the reaction chamber (inner reaction chamber and outer reaction chamber) reacts with the flocculent sludge and granular sludge through upward and downward flow cycles. This allows various microorganisms to exist in the form of a large amount of granular sludge with appropriate particle size, maximizing the abundance and activity of anaerobic ammonia oxidation microorganisms. This efficiently absorbs ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and small amounts of organic matter and phosphorus pollutants in the wastewater, thereby biodegrading the pollutants in the wastewater. This achieves economical, efficient, and environmentally friendly water purification. Moreover, the reasonable layout can greatly enhance the efficiency of autoaerobic biological denitrification reaction, reduce wastewater treatment costs, and reduce carbon emissions.

[0106] Preferably, as shown in Figure 1, the outer cylinder has a cylindrical upper end and a tapered lower end to achieve better external downward flow guidance and external circulation guidance for large particle size sludge. More specifically, the inner cylinder is a cylindrical straight cylinder located above the outer cylinder, with a height of 30% to 70% of the outer cylinder; the lower edge of the inner cylinder has the same geometric dimensions as and is connected to the upper edge of the flow guiding device, forming an externally continuous and internally connected configuration to meet actual reaction requirements.

[0107] More specifically, the flow guiding module, optional but not limited to the above-mentioned vertical flow reactor, is set in the lower middle part of the vertical flow reactor, located above the bottom; its overall edge is aligned with the inner cylinder of the reactor and is centrally symmetrical.

[0108] In the embodiments, the application areas of the flow guiding module of the present invention are given. It is applicable to the screening and control of the movement path of coarse particles in the internal mixed liquor in vertical flow reactors, focusing on the differentiation of internal circulation paths in biological reaction systems, specifically such as biological carbon removal, nitrogen removal, and phosphorus removal in granular sludge reaction systems for wastewater treatment. This allows different reaction zones to be formed within the reaction system, corresponding to different dissolved oxygen conditions, granular sludge content, and types and abundances of functional bacteria. It guides the clear liquid and small particles through the sieve holes, while intercepting large particles and causing them to move downwards along the lower outward inclined guide section and enter the internal circulation through the through holes. This optimizes the movement trajectory of the liquid phase and the large particle phase in the separated mixed liquor, accelerates the internal circulation of the clear liquid portion of the mixed liquor, extends the movement path of large particles, and improves the overall reaction effect.

[0109] The aforementioned vertical flow reactor is created based on the aforementioned flow guiding module, and its combination of technical features and technical effects will not be elaborated here. The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flow guiding module for a vertical flow reactor, characterized in that, The vertical flow reactor includes: an outer cylinder and an inner cylinder, the inner cylinder being connected to the outer cylinder to separate an inner reaction chamber located inside the inner cylinder and an outer reaction chamber located between the inner and outer cylinders; the flow guiding module is connected to the axial bottom end of the inner cylinder and includes a flow guiding device, a flow pushing device, an aeration device, and a crushing and screening device; the flow guiding device includes: a flow guiding element; a sieve hole provided on the upper side wall of the flow guiding element; and a through hole provided in the flow guiding element; the size of the sieve hole is smaller than the size of the through hole; the flow guiding element includes an inner inclined flow guiding part, a vertical flow guiding part, and an outer inclined flow guiding part; the flow pushing device is provided at the connection between the inner inclined flow guiding part and the vertical flow guiding part and is located inside the sieve hole; the aeration device is provided in the through hole and is located at the connection between the vertical flow guiding part and the outer inclined flow guiding part; the crushing and screening device is provided below the outer inclined flow guiding part.

2. The flow guiding module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner inclined guide section, the vertical guide section, and the outer inclined guide section are connected end to end from top to bottom to form a hollow guide structure, forming a through hole inward; the sieve hole is set on the side wall of the inner inclined guide section and / or the vertical guide section.

3. The flow guiding module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sieve includes a multi-stage sieve group arranged from top to bottom; the aperture of each stage of the sieve group increases sequentially from top to bottom; the vertical guide section is a hollow cylindrical structure that extends in the vertical direction and is coaxially arranged with the inner inclined guide section and the outer inclined guide section and connected end to end, so that a continuous hollow through-flow channel is formed between the inner inclined guide section, the vertical guide section and the outer inclined guide section.

4. The flow guiding module according to claim 2, characterized in that, When applied to a vertical flow reactor, the entire reactor is sequentially divided into: an external downflow channel, an external reaction zone, a particle conditioning zone, a mixing reaction zone, and an internal reaction zone.

5. The flow guiding module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flow propulsion device includes: a flow propulsion mounting frame, a flow propulsion main shaft, a flow propulsion impeller, and a flow propulsion drive component; the flow propulsion mounting frame is disposed inside the screen holes; the flow propulsion main shaft is disposed in the middle of the flow propulsion mounting frame; the flow propulsion impeller and the flow propulsion drive component are nested on the flow propulsion main shaft.

6. The flow guiding module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The impeller blades are trapezoidal and inclined upwards; the angle difference between the impeller blades and the inner inclined guide section does not exceed 15°.

7. The flow guiding module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The propulsion mounting frame includes a propulsion base plate and a propulsion bracket; one end of the propulsion bracket is connected to the outer edge of the propulsion base plate, and the other end is connected to the inner wall of the guide component; the propulsion base plate and the propulsion bracket are integrally shaped like a trapezoidal frustum; the lower edge of the trapezoidal frustum is flush with the connection between the inner inclined guide section and the vertical guide section; the upper edge of the trapezoidal frustum is lower than the position of the sieve holes on the inner inclined guide section.

8. The flow guiding module according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The crushing and screening device includes: a crushing shell, a blade, a crushing drive assembly, and a screen; the crushing shell is closed on the side and open from top to bottom; and a screen is installed inside; the screen has mesh openings; the blade and the crushing drive assembly are rotatably nested under the crushing shell.

9. The flow guiding module according to claim 8, characterized in that, A screen is installed at any one or more positions at the bottom, top, and middle of the crushing shell; when multiple screens are installed at multiple positions, a multi-stage screen is formed; the aperture of the screen decreases sequentially from bottom to top in the multi-stage screen; the crushing drive assembly includes: a crushing drive component and a crushing main shaft; the crushing drive component is installed at the bottom of the crushing shell; the crushing main shaft is connected to the crushing drive component and extends downward; and a blade is inclinedly installed on the crushing main shaft.

10. A vertical flow reactor, characterized in that, include: The device comprises an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder, a sludge discharge port, and a flow guiding module as described in any one of claims 1 to 9; the inner cylinder is connected to the outer cylinder, separating an inner reaction chamber located inside the inner cylinder and an outer reaction chamber located between the inner and outer cylinders; the flow guiding module is connected to the axial bottom end of the inner cylinder; during operation, the fluid rises in the inner reaction chamber, bypasses the top of the inner cylinder, descends in the outer reaction chamber, flows around the lower end of the flow guiding component, or passes through the sieve holes on the side wall for continuous circulation; and the sludge discharge port is located below the flow guiding module.

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