Carbon nanotube layer, photovoltaic glass, paraffin / carbon nanotube compound and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a carbon nanotube layer, photovoltaic glass, a paraffin / carbon nanotube compound and a preparation method of the paraffin / carbon nanotube compound, and belongs to the technical field of photovoltaics. The preparation method of the paraffin / carbon nanotube compound comprises the following steps: placing a multi-walled carbon nanotube in a mixed acid solution, and then carrying out reflux reaction at 60-90 DEG C to obtain a carboxylated carbon nanotube; the mixed acid solution is a mixed acid solution of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid; heating and melting the paraffin in an oil bath or a water bath higher than the phase change point of the paraffin; and adding the carboxylated carbon nanotube into molten paraffin, and stirring under the ultrasonic action to obtain the paraffin / carbon nanotube compound. The photovoltaic glass sequentially comprises a light guide layer, a carbon nanotube layer, a power generation layer and a sealing layer from top to bottom. The paraffin / carbon nanotube compound provided by the invention effectively improves the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic glass.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, specifically to a carbon nanotube layer, photovoltaic glass, paraffin / carbon nanotube composite, and a method for preparing the same. Background Technology

[0002] The photovoltaic (PV) power generation industry has become a rapidly growing emerging industry. In recent years, the rapid upgrading and iteration of solar cell technology has driven the rapid development of the new energy industry. Whether it's the mainstream PERC crystalline silicon cell or the rapidly developing HJT and TOPCon new crystalline silicon cells, all use photovoltaic rolled glass as the encapsulation material. After nearly two decades of development, my country's PV industry has formed a complete industrial chain, with its output of key products in the industrial chain, such as silicon materials, silicon wafers, photovoltaic glass, solar cells, modules, and inverters, accounting for more than 70% of the global total. The conversion efficiency of photovoltaic glass has become a key technology for further improving the PV industry.

[0003] How to effectively improve the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic glass is a technical problem that existing technologies need to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies and provide a carbon nanotube layer, photovoltaic glass, paraffin / carbon nanotube composite and its preparation method, thereby solving the technical problem of how to effectively improve the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic glass in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention provides a method for preparing a paraffin / carbon nanotube composite, comprising the following steps: S1. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes are placed in a mixed acid solution and then refluxed at 60℃~90℃ to obtain carboxylated carbon nanotubes. S2. Melt the paraffin wax in an oil bath or water bath above its phase transition point; S3. Carboxylated carbon nanotubes are added to molten paraffin and stirred under ultrasonication to obtain a paraffin / carbon nanotube composite.

[0006] In any embodiment, in step S1, the mixed acid solution is a mixed acid solution of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid; the concentrated nitric acid and the concentrated sulfuric acid are obtained in a volume ratio of (1-3):(1-3) to obtain the mixed acid solution.

[0007] In any embodiment, the reflux reaction time in step S1 is 2-6 hours.

[0008] In any embodiment, step S3 further includes adding mesoporous silica nanospheres and the carboxylated carbon nanotubes together to the molten paraffin.

[0009] In addition, the present invention also proposes a paraffin / carbon nanotube composite, which is prepared by the above preparation method.

[0010] In addition, the present invention also proposes a carbon nanotube layer, comprising a carbon nanotube matrix, a resonant cavity on the carbon nanotube matrix, and the above-mentioned paraffin / carbon nanotube composite, wherein the paraffin / carbon nanotube composite fills the resonant cavity.

[0011] In addition, the present invention also proposes a photovoltaic glass, which, from top to bottom, comprises: a light guiding layer, the aforementioned carbon nanotube layer, a power generation layer, and a sealing layer.

[0012] In any embodiment, the light guide layer is a tempered glass layer with an array of micro-conical light guide holes.

[0013] In any embodiment, the aperture of the light guide holes in the micro-conical light guide array is 20-50 μm, and the aperture density is 10. 4 -10 5 pcs / cm 2 .

[0014] In any embodiment, the cone angle of the light guide hole in the micro-conical light guide hole array is 55-65°, and the hole wall is coated with a SiO2 anti-reflection film.

[0015] In any embodiment, the power generation layer comprises, from top to bottom: a stacked transparent front electrode layer, a photovoltaic conversion functional layer, and a back electrode layer.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention include: a method for preparing a paraffin / carbon nanotube composite, comprising the following steps: S1, placing multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a mixed acid solution, and then refluxing at 60℃~90℃ to obtain carboxylated carbon nanotubes; S2, heating and melting paraffin in an oil bath or water bath above its phase transition point; S3, adding carboxylated carbon nanotubes to the molten paraffin, and stirring under ultrasonic action to obtain a paraffin / carbon nanotube composite. The paraffin / carbon nanotube composite prepared by the method proposed in this invention has a high thermal conductivity, and when used in the carbon nanotube layer of photovoltaic glass, it can achieve a synergistic effect of low-frequency sound insulation and high light transmittance (>80%). The resonant cavity can absorb low-frequency noise through acoustic resonance. The filled composite utilizes its high thermal conductivity to quickly conduct the heat generated during the operation of the photovoltaic glass, avoiding local overheating that affects the power generation efficiency. At the same time, the carbon nanotube matrix itself has excellent light transmittance (>80%), which does not affect the light entering the power generation layer, effectively improving the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic glass. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 These are schematic diagrams of the photovoltaic glass in Embodiments 1-4 of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the power generation layer in Embodiments 1-4 of the present invention.

[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Light guiding layer; 2. Carbon nanotube layer; 3. Power generation layer; 31. Transparent front electrode layer; 32. Photovoltaic conversion functional layer; 33. Back electrode layer; 4. Sealing layer. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The "range" disclosed in this application is defined by a lower limit and an upper limit. A given range is defined by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit, which define the boundaries of a particular range. Ranges defined in this way can include or exclude endpoints and can be arbitrarily combined; that is, any lower limit can be combined with any upper limit to form a range. For example, if ranges of 60~120 and 80~110 are listed for a specific parameter, it is also expected that ranges of 60~110 and 80~120 are also included. Furthermore, if minimum range values ​​of 1 and 2 are listed, and if maximum range values ​​of 3, 4, and 5 are listed, then the following ranges are all expected: 1~3, 1~4, 1~5, 2~3, 2~4, and 2~5. In this application, unless otherwise stated, the numerical range "a~b" represents a shortened representation of any combination of real numbers between a and b, where a and b are real numbers. For example, the numerical range "0~5" indicates that all real numbers between "0~5" have been listed in this article; "0~5" is simply a shortened representation of these numerical combinations. Furthermore, when a parameter is stated as an integer ≥2, it is equivalent to disclosing that the parameter is, for example, an integer such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc.

[0021] Unless otherwise specified, the terms "comprising" and "including" as used in this application can be open-ended or closed-ended. For example, "comprising" and "including" can mean that other components not listed may also be included, or that only the listed components may be included.

[0022] Unless otherwise specified, the term "or" is inclusive in this application. For example, the phrase "A or B" means "A, B, or both A and B". More specifically, the condition "A or B" is satisfied by any of the following conditions: A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist); A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists); or both A and B are true (or exist).

[0023] This specific embodiment provides a method for preparing a paraffin / carbon nanotube composite, including the following steps: S1. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes are placed in a mixed acid solution and then refluxed at 60℃~90℃ for 2-6 hours to obtain carboxylated carbon nanotubes; the mixed acid solution is a mixed acid solution of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid; the concentrated nitric acid and the concentrated sulfuric acid are mixed in a volume ratio of (1-3):(1-3) to obtain the mixed acid solution; S2. Melt the paraffin wax in an oil bath or water bath above its phase transition point; S3. Carboxylated carbon nanotubes are added to molten paraffin and stirred under ultrasonication to obtain a paraffin / carbon nanotube composite.

[0024] In some embodiments, step S3 further includes adding mesoporous silica nanospheres and the carboxylated carbon nanotubes together to the molten paraffin. The mesoporous silica nanospheres can scatter specific wavelengths (such as ultraviolet and high-energy visible light) into the photovoltaic glass for power generation, while retaining another portion of the wavelengths (such as infrared light) in the paraffin / carbon nanotube layer for thermal conversion. This achieves spectral specialization between light and electricity and light and heat, maximizing the overall system efficiency.

[0025] This specific embodiment also proposes a paraffin / carbon nanotube composite, which is prepared by the above preparation method.

[0026] This specific embodiment also proposes a carbon nanotube layer, including a carbon nanotube matrix, a resonant cavity on the carbon nanotube matrix, and the above-mentioned paraffin / carbon nanotube composite, wherein the paraffin / carbon nanotube composite fills the resonant cavity.

[0027] Furthermore, this specific embodiment also proposes a photovoltaic glass, which, from top to bottom, comprises: a light-guiding layer, a carbon nanotube layer, a power-generating layer, and a sealing layer; the light-guiding layer is a tempered glass layer with a micro-conical light-guiding hole array, wherein the aperture of the light-guiding holes in the micro-conical light-guiding hole array is 20-50 μm, and the pore density is 10. 4 -10 5 pcs / cm 2 The light guide holes in the micro-conical light guide hole array have a cone angle of 55-65°, and the hole walls are coated with a SiO2 anti-reflection film; the power generation layer includes, from top to bottom: a stacked transparent front electrode layer, a photovoltaic conversion functional layer, and a back electrode layer.

[0028] The 55-65° cone angle matches the critical angle of light refraction, minimizing light reflection loss at the aperture wall and directing more light to the power generation layer; the SiO2 anti-reflection film on the aperture wall can further reduce the interface light reflectivity, which, together with the cone angle design, significantly improves the light transmission performance of the light guide layer and indirectly improves the photovoltaic conversion efficiency.

[0029] The transparent front electrode layer allows light to pass through and collects charge carriers; the photovoltaic conversion functional layer (such as the perovskite in the embodiment) fully absorbs the light introduced by the light guide layer and converts light energy into electrical energy; The back electrode layer enables current extraction, and the three layers work together to optimize the charge transport path, reduce energy loss, and improve the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic glass (especially in low light environments).

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0031] In this invention, the terms "some embodiments," "this embodiment," and examples are used to describe a subset of all possible embodiments. However, it is understood that "some embodiments" can be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments and can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0032] If the application documents contain similar descriptions such as "first / second", the following explanation shall be added: In the following description, the terms "first / second / third" are used only to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of objects. It is understood that "first / second / third" may be interchanged in a specific order or sequence where permitted, so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein.

[0033] In this embodiment, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, object A and / or object B can represent three situations: object A exists alone, object A and object B exist simultaneously, and object B exists alone.

[0034] The following describes embodiments of this application. The embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions. Reagents or instruments used, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.

[0035] The photovoltaic glass preparation method in the following embodiments is derived from the prior art and mainly includes: Directional assembly of CNT layers (carbon nanotube layers): Electric field-assisted aerosol jet printing (E-AJP); Parameters: Voltage 5-10kV, accuracy ±3μm; Metamaterial curing: UV curing + thermo-press bonding composite process; Parameters: Pressure 0.5MPa, UV wavelength 365nm, interfacial thermal resistance <0.01K·m 2 / W; Circuit integration: Laser direct-write CNT circuit patterning, parameters: pulse width 10ps, energy density 0.8J / cm² 2 The photovoltaic glass prepared in the following examples has a sheet resistance ≤20 ohms / square and a light transmittance >85%.

[0036] Example 1 This embodiment presents a paraffin / carbon nanotube composite, which is prepared by the following steps: S1. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes are placed in a mixed acid solution and then refluxed at 80°C for 4 hours to obtain carboxylated carbon nanotubes; the mixed acid solution is a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid; the concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:3; the mass concentration of concentrated nitric acid is 68%, and the mass concentration of concentrated sulfuric acid is 98%; 9.0 g of solid-solid paraffin wax with a phase transition point of 52 °C and 1.0 g of carboxylated carbon nanotubes were weighed. The paraffin wax was melted in a 75 °C oil bath, and the carbon nanotubes were slowly added while mechanically stirring at 1500 rpm. After the addition was complete, the stirring speed was increased to 3000 rpm, and stirring was continued for 1 hour, while ultrasonic treatment with a 500W probe was performed for 5 minutes (pulse mode) every 10 minutes. The composite slurry was then poured into a mold and cooled to form the final product. The thermal conductivity of the composite material was measured to be 0.45 W / m·K, which is 2.14 times that of pure paraffin wax (0.21 W / m·K).

[0037] This embodiment also proposes a carbon nanotube layer, including a carbon nanotube matrix, a resonant cavity on the carbon nanotube matrix (not shown in the figure but easily understood), and the above-mentioned paraffin / carbon nanotube composite, wherein the paraffin / carbon nanotube composite fills the resonant cavity.

[0038] Combination Figure 1-2 This embodiment also proposes a photovoltaic glass, which, from top to bottom, comprises: a light guide layer 1, a carbon nanotube layer 2, a power generation layer 3, and a sealing layer 4; the light guide layer 1 is a tempered glass layer with a micro-conical light guide hole array; the aperture of the light guide holes in the micro-conical light guide hole array is 20-50 μm, and the pore density is 10. 4 -10 5 pcs / cm 2The micro-conical light guide array has a cone angle of 55-65°, and the hole walls are coated with a SiO2 anti-reflection film. The power generation layer, from top to bottom, includes: a stacked transparent front electrode layer 31, a photovoltaic conversion functional layer 32, and a back electrode layer 33. The photovoltaic conversion functional layer is made of perovskite, and the light optimized by the light guide layer is absorbed by this layer to the maximum extent and converted into electrical energy. The sealing layer 4 serves as the backsheet layer of the module, and uses UV-cured fluorosilicone resin to fill the gaps between the carbon nanotube layers to form a sealing layer. This layer is used to encapsulate the above-mentioned layers into a whole, providing insulation, waterproofing, weather resistance, and other protective functions to ensure the long-term stability and service life of the module.

[0039] Example 2 This embodiment presents a paraffin / carbon nanotube composite, which is prepared by the following steps: S1. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes are placed in a mixed acid solution and then refluxed at 60°C for 4 hours to obtain carboxylated carbon nanotubes; the mixed acid solution is a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid; the concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid are prepared in a volume ratio of 2:1; the mass concentration of concentrated nitric acid is 68%, and the mass concentration of concentrated sulfuric acid is 98%; 9.0 g of solid-solid paraffin with a phase transition point of 52 °C and 1.0 g of carboxylated carbon nanotubes were weighed. The paraffin was melted in a 70 °C oil bath, and the carbon nanotubes were slowly added while mechanically stirring at 1500 rpm. After the addition was complete, the stirring speed was increased to 3000 rpm, and stirring was continued for 1.5 hours, while simultaneously undergoing ultrasonic treatment with a 500W probe for 5 minutes (pulse mode) every 10 minutes. The composite slurry was then poured into a mold and cooled to form the final product. The thermal conductivity of the composite material was measured to be 0.44 W / m·K.

[0040] This embodiment also proposes a carbon nanotube layer, including a carbon nanotube matrix, a resonant cavity on the carbon nanotube matrix, and the above-mentioned paraffin / carbon nanotube composite, wherein the paraffin / carbon nanotube composite fills the resonant cavity.

[0041] Combination Figure 1-2 This embodiment also proposes a photovoltaic glass, comprising, from top to bottom: a light guide layer 1, a carbon nanotube layer 2, a power generation layer 3, and a sealing layer 4; the light guide layer is a tempered glass layer with a micro-conical light guide hole array; the aperture of the light guide holes in the micro-conical light guide hole array is 30-40 μm, and the pore density is 10. 4 pcs / cm 2The micro-conical light guide array has a cone angle of 55-60°, and the hole walls are coated with a SiO2 anti-reflection film. The power generation layer 3, from top to bottom, includes: a stacked transparent front electrode layer 31, a photovoltaic conversion functional layer 32, and a back electrode layer 33. The photovoltaic conversion functional layer is made of perovskite, and the light optimized by the light guide layer is absorbed by this layer to the maximum extent and converted into electrical energy. The sealing layer 4 serves as the backsheet layer of the module, and uses UV-cured fluorosilicone resin to fill the gaps between the carbon nanotube layers to form a sealing layer. This layer is used to encapsulate the above-mentioned layers into a whole, providing insulation, waterproofing, weather resistance, and other protective functions to ensure the long-term stability and service life of the module.

[0042] Example 3 This embodiment presents a paraffin / carbon nanotube composite, which is prepared by the following steps: S1. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes are placed in a mixed acid solution and then refluxed at 90°C for 2 hours to obtain carboxylated carbon nanotubes; the mixed acid solution is a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid; the concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid are prepared in a volume ratio of 3:1; the mass concentration of concentrated nitric acid is 68%, and the mass concentration of concentrated sulfuric acid is 98%; 9.0 g of solid-solid paraffin with a phase transition point of 52 °C and 1.0 g of carboxylated carbon nanotubes were weighed. The paraffin was melted in a 70 °C oil bath, and the carbon nanotubes were slowly added while mechanically stirring at 1500 rpm. After the addition was complete, the stirring speed was increased to 3000 rpm, and stirring was continued for 1.5 hours, while ultrasonic treatment with a 500W probe was performed for 5 minutes (pulse mode) every 10 minutes. The composite slurry was then poured into a mold and cooled to form the final product. The thermal conductivity of the composite material was measured to be 0.42 W / m·K.

[0043] This embodiment also proposes a carbon nanotube layer, including a carbon nanotube matrix, a resonant cavity on the carbon nanotube matrix, and the above-mentioned paraffin / carbon nanotube composite, wherein the paraffin / carbon nanotube composite fills the resonant cavity.

[0044] Combination Figure 1-2 This embodiment also proposes a photovoltaic glass, comprising, from top to bottom: a light guide layer 1, a carbon nanotube layer 2, a power generation layer 3, and a sealing layer 4; the light guide layer is a tempered glass layer with a micro-conical light guide hole array; the aperture of the light guide holes in the micro-conical light guide hole array is 40-50 μm, and the pore density is 10. 5 pcs / cm 2The micro-conical light guide array has a cone angle of 60-65°, and the hole walls are coated with a SiO2 anti-reflection film. The power generation layer 3, from top to bottom, includes: a stacked transparent front electrode layer 31, a photovoltaic conversion functional layer 32, and a back electrode layer 33. The photovoltaic conversion functional layer is made of perovskite, and the light optimized by the light guide layer is absorbed by this layer to the maximum extent and converted into electrical energy. The sealing layer 4 serves as the backsheet layer of the module, and uses UV-cured fluorosilicone resin to fill the gaps between the carbon nanotube layers to form a sealing layer. This layer is used to encapsulate the above-mentioned layers into a whole, providing insulation, waterproofing, weather resistance, and other protective functions to ensure the long-term stability and service life of the module.

[0045] The acoustic metamaterial layer can be integrated with the front electrode layer or encapsulation structure of the power generation layer to further optimize the overall thickness and optical performance.

[0046] Example 4 The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 lies in the preparation method of the paraffin / carbon nanotube composite. The paraffin / carbon nanotube composite in this embodiment is prepared by the following steps: S1. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes are placed in a mixed acid solution and then refluxed at 80°C for 4 hours to obtain carboxylated carbon nanotubes; the mixed acid solution is a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid; the concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:3; the mass concentration of concentrated nitric acid is 68%, and the mass concentration of concentrated sulfuric acid is 98%; Weigh out 9.0g of solid-solid paraffin wax with a phase transition point of 52℃, 0.8g of carboxylated carbon nanotubes, and 0.2g of mesoporous silica nanospheres. Melt the paraffin wax in a 75℃ oil bath. While mechanically stirring at 1500rpm, slowly add the carboxylated carbon nanotubes and mesoporous silica nanospheres. After addition, increase the stirring speed to 3000rpm and continue stirring for 1 hour, while simultaneously administering ultrasonic treatment with a 500W probe for 5 minutes (pulse mode) every 10 minutes. Then pour the composite slurry into a mold and allow it to cool and solidify.

[0047] The structures of the carbon nanotube layer and photovoltaic glass proposed in this embodiment are the same as those in Example 1.

[0048] The performance of the photovoltaic glass proposed in Examples 1-4 and the traditional photovoltaic glass were tested, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0049] Table 1

[0050] As can be seen from Table 1, the photovoltaic glass proposed in this invention has lower light transmittance loss and higher noise reduction at 1kHz.

[0051] The specific embodiments of the present invention described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and modifications made in accordance with the technical concept of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a paraffin / carbon nanotube composite, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes are placed in a mixed acid solution and then refluxed at 60℃~90℃ to obtain carboxylated carbon nanotubes. S2. Melt the paraffin wax in an oil bath or water bath above its phase transition point; S3. Carboxylated carbon nanotubes are added to molten paraffin and stirred under ultrasonication to obtain the paraffin / carbon nanotube composite.

2. The method for preparing the paraffin / carbon nanotube composite according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the mixed acid solution is a mixed acid solution of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid; the concentrated nitric acid and the concentrated sulfuric acid are mixed in a volume ratio of (1-3):(1-3) to obtain the mixed acid solution; and / or, in step S1, the reflux reaction time is 2-6 hours.

3. The method for preparing the paraffin / carbon nanotube composite according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 further includes adding mesoporous silica nanospheres and the carboxylated carbon nanotubes together to the molten paraffin.

4. A paraffin / carbon nanotube composite, characterized in that, It is prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1-3.

5. A carbon nanotube layer, characterized in that, It includes a carbon nanotube matrix, a resonant cavity on the carbon nanotube matrix, and the paraffin / carbon nanotube composite of claim 4, wherein the paraffin / carbon nanotube composite is filled in the resonant cavity.

6. A photovoltaic glass, characterized in that, From top to bottom, it includes: a light guide layer, the carbon nanotube layer as described in claim 5, a power generation layer, and a sealing layer.

7. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 6, characterized in that, The light guide layer is a tempered glass layer with an array of micro-conical light guide holes.

8. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 7, characterized in that, The aperture of the microconical light guide array is 20-50 μm, and the aperture density is 10. 4 -10 5 pcs / cm 2 .

9. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 7, characterized in that, The light guide holes in the micro-conical light guide hole array have a cone angle of 55-65°, and the hole walls are coated with a SiO2 anti-reflection film.

10. The photovoltaic glass according to claim 7, characterized in that, The power generation layer comprises, from top to bottom: a stacked transparent front electrode layer, a photovoltaic conversion functional layer, and a back electrode layer.

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