Tunnel deformation joint cavity treatment method and structure
By drilling drainage holes, grouting and sealing at the tunnel expansion joints, and installing waterproof structures, the problem of tunnel cavity leakage was solved, ensuring repair quality and waterproofing effectiveness.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511659836.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-27
AI Technical Summary
During tunnel construction, voids at expansion joints lead to reduced strength of the lining concrete and severe water leakage. Existing repair methods are ineffective in areas with high water content, as the repair materials either lose strength or are washed away, failing to effectively solve the leakage problem.
Drill pressure relief holes in the secondary lining structure to drain seepage water, clean the surface of the cavities, use templates to seal and grout to repair the cavities, form a sealing layer through the grouting holes, install water collection boxes and seal the pressure relief holes to form a multi-layer waterproof structure.
Effective drainage of seepage water ensures repair quality, prevents subsequent leakage, improves the strength and durability of repair materials, and achieves effective waterproofing of the tunnel.
Smart Images
Figure CN121407989A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel cavity treatment technology, and in particular to a method and structure for treating tunnel expansion joint cavities. Background Technology
[0002] In tunnel construction, the pouring and curing of lining concrete are crucial steps. If these steps are not properly controlled, voids or cavities often appear in the lining concrete at expansion joints. Once voids or cavities appear at expansion joints, not only is the overall strength of the lining concrete severely reduced, but serious water leakage also occurs. If voids appear at tunnel expansion joints, they need to be repaired and filled. Currently, most repair methods involve directly injecting grout and filling materials into the void. However, in areas with high water content, seepage water from the strata can enter the void. When the void contains a large amount of seepage water, it mixes with the filling material, reducing the strength of the repair material or washing it away from the void. This affects the repair effect and fails to solve the leakage problem, leading to severe water seepage after repair. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a method and structure for treating voids in tunnel expansion joints.
[0004] To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
[0005] A method for treating voids in tunnel expansion joints includes the following steps:
[0006] Step 1: Drill multiple pressure relief holes on the secondary lining structure layer. The pressure relief holes are located on the outside of the cavity and are used to drain the seepage water around the cavity.
[0007] Step 2: Clean the base layer of the cavity surface;
[0008] Step 3: Fix the template on the secondary lining structure layer. The template is located at the lower part of the cavity and is used to seal the cavity. The template is equipped with a grouting pipe, which is connected to the cavity.
[0009] Step 4: Grout is injected into the cavity through the grouting pipe to repair and fill the cavity;
[0010] Step 5: Remove the formwork;
[0011] Step 6: Drill the first grouting hole and the second grouting hole on the secondary lining structure layer. One end of the first grouting hole is connected to the expansion joint, and one end of the second grouting hole extends to the top of the cavity. After drilling is completed, grouting is performed through the first grouting hole and the second grouting hole.
[0012] Step 7: Inject grout into the bottom of the expansion joint to form the first sealing layer and seal the expansion joint;
[0013] Step 8: Install water collection boxes below the expansion joints and cavities;
[0014] Step 9: Grout the pressure relief hole to form a sealing layer inside the pressure relief hole.
[0015] Preferably, in step one, after drilling the pressure relief hole, a pressure relief pipe is inserted into the pressure relief hole, and a valve is provided on the pressure relief pipe.
[0016] Preferably, in step six, sealant is applied to the upper surface edge of the template. After the template is fixed on the secondary lining structure layer, the sealant is used to seal between the template and the secondary lining structure layer.
[0017] A tunnel expansion joint cavity treatment structure includes an initial support structure layer, a secondary lining structure layer below the initial support structure layer, a first waterproof layer between the initial support structure layer and the secondary lining structure layer, a cavity formed in the secondary lining structure layer, and multiple pressure relief holes opened in the secondary lining structure layer. The pressure relief holes are located on the outside of the cavity, and a sealing layer is provided inside the pressure relief holes.
[0018] Preferably, a plurality of pressure relief holes are evenly arranged around the cavity along the circumferential direction, the distance between two adjacent pressure relief holes is 50-100cm, and the diameter of the pressure relief holes is 14mm.
[0019] Preferably, the secondary lining structure layer is provided with an expansion joint, the expansion joint is connected to the cavity, the expansion joint is provided with an embedded waterstop in the middle, and a back-adhesive waterstop is provided between the expansion joint and the first waterproof layer.
[0020] Preferably, the lower end of the expansion joint is provided with a first sealing layer for sealing the expansion joint.
[0021] Preferably, a water collection box is provided on the secondary lining structure layer, the water collection box is located below the cavity and the expansion joint, and the water collection box covers the cavity and the expansion joint.
[0022] Preferably, a second sealing layer is provided between the water receiving box and the secondary lining structure layer.
[0023] Preferably, a second waterproof layer is provided between the cavity and the first waterproof layer.
[0024] The beneficial effects of adopting the above technical solution are as follows:
[0025] 1. In this invention, before treating and repairing the voids at the expansion joint, pressure relief holes are first drilled in the secondary lining structure layer. The upper end of the pressure relief holes extends to the top of the secondary lining structure layer but does not damage the first waterproof layer. Therefore, when water seepage occurs, the seepage water can be discharged from the pressure relief holes, avoiding a large amount of water accumulation in the voids, thereby ensuring the quality of void treatment and repair.
[0026] 2. In this invention, after the cavity at the expansion joint is repaired, a first grouting hole and a second grouting hole are drilled on the secondary lining structure layer. The first grouting hole is connected to the expansion joint, and the second grouting hole extends to the top of the cavity. Grout is injected into the expansion joint through the first grouting hole, and grout is injected into the cavity through the second grouting hole to form a second waterproof layer, which can play a waterproof role and prevent leakage in the later stage. Attached Figure Description
[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cavity treatment process of the present invention;
[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after the cavity treatment of the present invention;
[0029] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Enlarged view of part A.
[0030] In the diagram: 1 is the initial support structure layer, 2 is the secondary lining structure layer, 3 is the first waterproof layer, 4 is the void, 5 is the pressure relief hole, 6 is the expansion joint, 7 is the embedded waterstop, 8 is the back-adhesive waterstop, 9 is the first sealing layer, 10 is the water collection box, 11 is the second sealing layer, 12 is the first grouting hole, 13 is the second grouting hole, 14 is the formwork, 15 is the grouting pipe, 16 is the sealing layer, and 17 is the second waterproof layer. Detailed Implementation
[0031] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
[0032] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0033] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.
[0034] A tunnel expansion joint cavity treatment structure, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the structure includes a primary support layer 1, a secondary lining layer 2 below the primary support layer 1, and a first waterproof layer 3 between the primary support layer 1 and the secondary lining layer 2. The first waterproof layer 3 is used to prevent water from the primary support layer 1 and the water above the primary support layer 1 from seeping into the secondary lining layer 2, causing water to drip into the tunnel. During construction, due to maintenance and pouring, cavities 4 are formed on the secondary lining layer 2. In order to repair the cavities 4, repair grout is filled into the cavities 4 to form a repair layer, which can repair the cavities 4 and avoid the risk of collapse of the secondary lining layer 2. Multiple pressure relief holes 5 are opened on the secondary lining layer 2. The pressure relief holes 5 are located on the outside of the cavities 4, and a sealing layer 16 is provided inside the pressure relief holes 5.
[0035] Furthermore, multiple pressure relief holes 5 are evenly arranged around the cavity 4 along the circumferential direction, that is, multiple pressure relief holes 5 are evenly arranged around the cavity 4 with the cavity 4 as the center. The distance between two adjacent pressure relief holes 5 is 50-100cm, and the diameter of the pressure relief hole 5 is 14mm.
[0036] Furthermore, the secondary lining layer 2 is provided with an expansion joint 6, which is connected to the cavity 4. An embedded waterstop 7 is provided in the middle of the expansion joint 6, and a back-adhesive waterstop 8 is provided between the expansion joint 6 and the first waterproof layer 3. The embedded waterstop 7 and the back-adhesive waterstop 8 can prevent water leakage and avoid water seepage in the later stage.
[0037] Furthermore, a first sealing layer 9 is provided at the lower end of the expansion joint 6 for sealing the expansion joint 6.
[0038] Furthermore, a water collection box 10 is provided on the secondary lining structural layer 2. The water collection box 10 is located below the cavity 4 and the expansion joint 6, and covers the cavity 4 and the expansion joint 6.
[0039] Furthermore, a second sealing layer 11 is provided between the water receiving box 10 and the secondary lining structure layer 2.
[0040] Furthermore, a second waterproof layer 17 is provided between the cavity 4 and the first waterproof layer 3. The second waterproof layer 17 is located below the first waterproof layer 3, which can prevent water seepage into the cavity 4 after the treatment is completed, and plays a waterproof role for the cavity 4. In this embodiment, after the cavity 4 is treated and repaired, grout is injected into the expansion joint 6 through the first grouting hole 12 for sealing. As the grout is continuously injected into the expansion joint 6, the grout will also enter the first grouting hole 12 and seal the first grouting hole 12. Similarly, grout is injected into the cavity 4 through the second grouting hole 13. As the grout is continuously injected, the grout will also seal the second grouting hole 13.
[0041] A method for treating voids in tunnel expansion joints, such as Figures 1 to 3 As shown, it includes the following steps:
[0042] Step 1: Drill multiple pressure relief holes 5 on the secondary lining layer 2. The pressure relief holes 5 are located on the outside of the cavity 4. When drilling, the pressure relief holes 5 are drilled vertically upward from the bottom of the secondary lining layer 2 until the upper end of the pressure relief hole 5 penetrates the top of the secondary lining layer 2. However, the upper end of the pressure relief hole 5 does not penetrate the first waterproof layer 3 to avoid damage to the first waterproof layer 3 and to ensure that the first waterproof layer 3 continues to maintain its waterproof effect. The multiple pressure relief holes 5 are evenly arranged around the cavity 4 in a circumferential direction to ensure that seepage water around the cavity 4 can be discharged from the pressure relief holes 5 and to ensure that the construction environment within the cavity 4 is free of standing water.
[0043] Step 2: Clean the base layer of the cavity surface, chisel and remove loose concrete and debris inside the expansion joint, on the surface and around the embedded waterstop 7 and the cavity 4, and blow the base surface clean with a high-pressure air gun to ensure that the base layer is firm.
[0044] Step 3: Fix template 14 on the secondary lining layer 2. Template 14 is located at the lower part of cavity 4. Template 14 is customized according to the size and shape of expansion joint 6 and cavity 4, and is used to seal cavity 4. Before installation, apply sealant or install sealing gasket within 100mm of the upper surface edge of template 14. When installing template 14, the sealing gasket or sealant is located between secondary lining layer 2 and template 14. Template 14 and secondary lining layer 2 are fixedly connected by expansion bolts. Grouting pipe 15 is detachably fixedly connected to template 14. One end of grouting pipe 15 extends to the top of template 14 and connects to cavity 4, and the other end extends to the bottom of template 14.
[0045] It should be noted that, in order to prevent grout from entering the expansion joint 6 connected to the cavity 4 during grouting, foam board is filled into the expansion joint 6 before the formwork 14 is installed. The width of the foam board is the same as the width of the expansion joint 6.
[0046] Step 4: Grouting is injected into the cavity 4 through the grouting pipe 15 to fill the cavity 4. During grouting, the grouting pump can be connected to the grouting pipe 15, and the grouting pump can inject grout into the cavity 4 through the grouting pipe 15. The grout can be a water-resistant cement-based grout, and the pressure can be controlled at 0.2-0.3MPa until the grout fills the cavity 4. Since the expansion joint 6 is filled with foam board, the grout will not enter the expansion joint 6. After the grout solidifies, the foam board in the expansion joint 6 can be removed and cleaned.
[0047] Step 5: Remove formwork 14. Remove formwork 14 24 hours after grouting is completed, clean the surface of residual grout, and grind the edges and joints.
[0048] Step 6: Drill the first grouting hole 12 and the second grouting hole 13 on the secondary lining structure layer 2. One end of the first grouting hole 12 is connected to the expansion joint 6, and one end of the second grouting hole 13 extends to the top of the cavity 4. After drilling, grout is injected through the first grouting hole 12 and the second grouting hole 13. Grout is injected into the expansion joint 6 through the first grouting hole 12 to seal the expansion joint 6 and form a waterproof structure. Grout is injected into the top of the cavity 4 through the second grouting hole 13 to form a second waterproof layer 17. The second waterproof layer 17 is located below the first waterproof layer 3, thereby preventing water seepage in the cavity 4 after the repair is completed.
[0049] It should be noted that when drilling the first grouting hole 12 and the second grouting hole 13, the first grouting hole 12 is drilled at a distance of 360mm-400mm from the expansion joint, facing the expansion joint 6, until the first grouting hole 12 is connected to the expansion joint 6. The inclination angle of the first grouting hole 12 is 30-45°, and the end of the first grouting hole 12 connected to the expansion joint 6 is located above the embedded waterstop 7. After the first grouting hole 12 is drilled, grout is injected into the expansion joint 6 through the first grouting hole 12. The grout can be a flexible acrylate grout, which can fill the expansion joint 6 and prevent leakage. When drilling the second grouting hole 13, drilling is performed from the other side of the expansion joint 6, so that the second grouting hole 13 passes through the cavity 4 and extends to the top of the cavity 4. The upper end of the second grouting hole 13 is located below the first waterproof layer 3, without damaging the first waterproof layer 3, thus avoiding damage to the first waterproof layer 3 and leakage. After the second grouting hole 13 is drilled, grout is injected into the top of the cavity 4 through the second grouting hole 13 to form the second waterproof layer 17. The grout can be high-penetration epoxy resin grouting material, so that a high-viscosity and high-durability first waterproof layer is formed above the cavity 4, preventing subsequent water seepage into the gaps of the cavity 4.
[0050] Step 7: Grout the bottom of the expansion joint 6 to form the first sealing layer 9 and seal the expansion joint 6. The first sealing layer 9 can be made of polyurethane material and has a thickness of 2cm.
[0051] It should be noted that before grouting the bottom of the expansion joint 6 to form the first sealing layer 9, grout is injected into the expansion joint 6 through the opening at the bottom of the expansion joint 6 to seal the part of the expansion joint 6 located below the embedded waterstop 7. The grouting material can be one of non-curing rubber asphalt grout, elastic epoxy resin grout, polyurea grout, or liquid rubber grout. After the grouting is completed, the first sealing layer 9 is injected to form the first sealing layer 9 at the bottom of the expansion joint 6, preventing water from seeping out of the expansion joint 6.
[0052] Step 8: Install water collection box 10 below expansion joint 6 and cavity 4. Water collection box 10 is fixed below cavity 4 and expansion joint 6 with bolts to collect leaked water. During the installation of water collection box 10, apply water-swellable polyurethane sealant between water collection box 10 and secondary lining layer 2. The sealant is embedded in the gap between water collection box 10 and secondary lining layer 2 to form a second sealing layer 11 to prevent water leakage. Drainage pipe is provided on water collection box 10 and connected to the tunnel drainage system for draining water accumulated in water collection box 10.
[0053] It should be noted that before the water receiving box 10 is installed, a cement-based penetrating crystalline waterproof coating is applied to the surface of the secondary lining layer 2, the lower end of the expansion joint 6, and the lower surface of the filled cavity 4. The coating thickness is 2mm, and the coverage area extends 15cm outward from the cavity 4 area.
[0054] Step 9: Grouting is performed inside the pressure relief hole 5 to form a sealing layer 16 inside the pressure relief hole 5. After the grout solidifies inside the pressure relief hole 5, it is coated with quick-setting cement to make the coated surface flush with the original structure. Water-resistant cement-based grouting material can be used.
[0055] Furthermore, in step one, after drilling the pressure relief hole 5, a pressure relief pipe is inserted into the pressure relief hole 5. The pressure relief pipe is equipped with a valve. After the valve is opened, the seepage water in the base layer can be discharged through the pressure relief pipe to prevent water accumulation in the cavity 4. After the cavity 4 is treated, the pressure relief pipe is cut so that the lower end of the pressure relief pipe is flush with the lower end face of the secondary lining structure layer 2. Then, grout is injected into the pressure relief pipe to form a sealing layer 16.
[0056] Furthermore, in step six, sealant is applied to the upper surface edge of the template. After the template is fixedly set on the secondary lining structure layer, the sealant is used to seal between the template and the secondary lining structure layer.
[0057] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for treating voids in tunnel expansion joints, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Drill multiple pressure relief holes on the secondary lining structure layer. The pressure relief holes are located on the outside of the cavity and are used to drain the seepage water around the cavity. Step 2: Clean the base layer of the cavity surface; Step 3: Fix the template on the secondary lining structure layer. The template is located at the lower part of the cavity and is used to seal the cavity. The template is equipped with a grouting pipe, which is connected to the cavity. Step 4: Grout is injected into the cavity through the grouting pipe to repair and fill the cavity; Step 5: Remove the formwork; Step 6: Drill the first grouting hole and the second grouting hole on the secondary lining structure layer. One end of the first grouting hole is connected to the expansion joint, and one end of the second grouting hole extends to the top of the cavity. After drilling is completed, grouting is performed through the first grouting hole and the second grouting hole. Step 7: Inject grout into the bottom of the expansion joint to form the first sealing layer and seal the expansion joint; Step 8: Install water collection boxes below the expansion joints and cavities; Step 9: Grout the pressure relief hole to form a sealing layer.
2. The method for treating voids in tunnel expansion joints according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, after drilling the pressure relief hole, a pressure relief pipe is inserted into the pressure relief hole, and a valve is installed on the pressure relief pipe.
3. The method for treating voids in tunnel expansion joints according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step six, sealant is applied to the upper surface edge of the template. After the template is fixed on the secondary lining structure layer, the sealant is used to seal the space between the template and the secondary lining structure layer.
4. A structure for treating voids in tunnel expansion joints, characterized in that, It includes a primary support structure layer (1), a secondary lining structure layer (2) is provided below the primary support structure layer (1), a first waterproof layer (3) is provided between the primary support structure layer (1) and the secondary lining structure layer (2), a cavity (4) is formed on the secondary lining structure layer (2), and multiple pressure relief holes (5) are opened on the secondary lining structure layer (2). The pressure relief holes (5) are located outside the cavity (4), and a sealing layer (16) is provided inside the pressure relief holes (5).
5. The tunnel expansion joint void treatment structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, Multiple pressure relief holes (5) are evenly arranged around the cavity (4) along the circumferential direction. The distance between two adjacent pressure relief holes (5) is 50-100cm, and the diameter of the pressure relief hole (5) is 14mm.
6. The tunnel expansion joint void treatment structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The secondary lining structure layer (2) is provided with a deformation joint (6), the deformation joint (6) is connected to the cavity (4), the middle part of the deformation joint (6) is provided with a central embedded waterstop (7), and a back-adhesive waterstop (8) is provided between the deformation joint (6) and the first waterproof layer (3).
7. The tunnel expansion joint void treatment structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The lower end of the expansion joint (6) is provided with a first sealing layer (9) for sealing the expansion joint (6).
8. The tunnel expansion joint void treatment structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, A water collection box (10) is provided on the secondary lining structure layer (2). The water collection box (10) is located below the cavity (4) and the expansion joint (6). The water collection box (10) covers the cavity (4) and the expansion joint (6).
9. A tunnel expansion joint void treatment structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, A second sealing layer (11) is provided between the water receiving box (10) and the secondary lining structure layer (2).
10. A tunnel expansion joint void treatment structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, A second waterproof layer (17) is provided between the cavity (4) and the first waterproof layer (3).