A multi-directional force measuring sensor based on a switch iron pad structure

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-directional force measuring sensor based on a turnout iron base plate structure, which comprises a vertical force measuring unit, a lateral force measuring unit and a spike pull-out force measuring unit. The vertical force measuring unit comprises a force transmission plate and a force measuring base plate. The force transmission plate is directly supported at the bottom of a steel rail and directly bears vertical force. The force measuring base plate is arranged in a rail bearing groove and below the force transmission plate. The force measuring base plate is composed of a measuring elastic body matrix composed of one or more measuring circular platforms. The lateral force measuring unit comprises a first force measuring iron seat and a second force measuring iron seat arranged on the two sides of the force measuring base plate respectively. The two force measuring iron seats are fixed on the two sides of the force measuring base plate in a fixed mode and realize the transmission and measurement of lateral force based on a lateral force measuring shear hole and a force transmission boss. The spike pull-out force measuring unit comprises a spike pull-out force measuring shear hole and a strain sensor arranged in the shear hole. The spike pull-out force measuring unit realizes the monitoring of the dynamic force of the spike pre-tightening force and the running process through shear strain measurement. The signal conditioning unit comprises a signal acquisition module, a strain bridge demodulation system and a signal decoupling output module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rail transit monitoring and railway turnout detection technology, specifically to a multi-directional force measurement sensor based on a turnout iron pad structure. Background Technology

[0002] Turnouts are the most structurally complex and stress-concentrated parts of railway lines. During operation, the frog area and fastener nodes bear significant vertical forces, lateral forces, and spike pull-out forces. These mechanical parameters directly affect fatigue damage, geometric degradation, and maintenance decisions. However, due to the variable structure and limited space of turnouts, existing monitoring technologies struggle to achieve continuous, accurate, and multi-dimensional measurements of their actual stress states.

[0003] Currently, two main technical solutions are used domestically and internationally for monitoring track mechanical parameters: one is the traditional force plate method, which is mostly used for short-term tests, cannot achieve simultaneous measurement of three-dimensional forces, has poor compatibility with existing fastening systems, is complex to install, and is difficult to apply in the long term; the other is the rail mid-span shear force method, which can only reflect the vertical force of standard track sections, and is significantly affected by sleeper support and track irregularities, and cannot obtain lateral forces and spike forces.

[0004] In existing technologies, the most typical approach is a track pressure monitoring device based on a force-measuring pad. This method measures the vertical force between the wheel and rail by embedding sensor elements inside the pad. However, this approach has the following significant drawbacks:

[0005] (1) Single monitoring parameter: It can only measure vertical force and cannot simultaneously obtain lateral force and spike pull-out force, which are all key parameters affecting the health status of the turnout system;

[0006] (2) Poor compatibility: It requires changes to the pad structure or fastener system, which damages the integrity of the original structure, affects the measurement accuracy, and is difficult to use for a long time;

[0007] (3) Complex installation: It requires professional technicians to carry out complex installation, making it difficult to promote and apply on existing lines;

[0008] In summary, existing technologies suffer from incomplete monitoring parameters, insufficient accuracy, significant interference, and installation limitations. These shortcomings severely restrict the application of existing technologies in the field of turnout monitoring and cannot meet the online monitoring requirements of high-speed railways for the stress state of turnouts. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new sensor that can achieve integrated, high-precision, long-term online measurement of vertical force, lateral force, and spike pull-out force without altering the turnout structure and fastener function. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-directional force measurement sensor based on a turnout iron pad structure as an integrated sensor solution that can achieve high-precision, long-term online measurement of vertical force, lateral force, and spike pull-out force without changing the turnout structure and fastener function. It solves the following problems: overcoming the incomplete parameters and insufficient accuracy of existing monitoring technologies, achieving simultaneous measurement of multi-directional forces; and simultaneously resolving the compatibility issues between the sensor and existing fastener systems, enabling seamless replacement and installation.

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-directional force measurement sensor based on a turnout iron pad structure, comprising:

[0011] The vertical force measuring unit includes a force transmission plate (3) at the top and a force measuring pad (1) at the bottom. The force transmission plate (3) is directly supported on the bottom of the rail and is used to directly bear the vertical force. The size of the rail bearing groove (C) of the rail is consistent with that of the standard iron pad to ensure compatibility with the existing fastening system. The force measuring pad (1) is set in the rail bearing groove (C) and located below the force transmission plate (3). The lower force measuring pad (1) is composed of a matrix of measuring elastic bodies composed of one or more evenly distributed measuring frustums.

[0012] The lateral force measuring unit includes: a first force measuring iron seat (21) and a second force measuring iron seat (22) respectively provided on both sides of the force measuring pad (1); the first force measuring iron seat (21) and the second force measuring iron seat (22) are fixed on both sides of the force measuring pad (1) by a fixed method, and based on the first force measuring iron seat (21) and the second force measuring iron seat (22) being regarded as a fixed beam structure, and the lateral force measuring shear hole (23) and force transmission boss (24) provided, the lateral force is transmitted and measured, while ensuring the track gauge locking function;

[0013] The rail spike pull-out force measuring unit includes: a rail spike pull-out force measuring shear hole (25) and a strain sensor arranged in the rail spike pull-out force measuring shear hole (25), which realizes the monitoring of rail spike preload and dynamic force during operation by shear strain measurement; wherein, the rail spike pull-out force measuring shear hole (25) is located on the other side of the fixed beam formed by the first force measuring iron seat (21) and the second force measuring iron seat (22), and is perpendicular to the transverse force measuring shear hole (23);

[0014] as well as

[0015] The signal conditioning unit includes a signal acquisition module, a strain bridge demodulation system, and a signal decoupling output module. The signal acquisition and conditioning module is used to acquire the sensing signals at multiple force measuring disks, the transverse force measuring shear hole (23), the road spike pull-out force measuring shear hole (25), and the force transmission boss (24). The strain bridge demodulation system is used to condition and convert the sensing signals. The signal decoupling output module is used to decouple and output multi-directional force components with high precision based on the built-in calibration algorithm and transmit them to the monitoring terminal to realize long-term online monitoring.

[0016] Preferably, the force measuring pad (1) has three fixing holes (12) on both sides, through which the first force measuring iron seat (21) and the second force measuring iron seat (22) are fixed to the force measuring pad (1) by fixing.

[0017] Preferably, each measuring frustum is composed of a concave-convex combination structure formed by a lower concave surface and an upper convex surface, forming two gaps. The lower concave surface is embedded in the force measuring pad (1) and forms a cylindrical cavity with its bottom surface, forming a first gap (A). The first gap (A) is used to measure the stress strain by means of strain gauges arranged on the concave surface. The upper convex surface is arranged on the upper surface of the rail bearing groove (C) and forms a second gap (B) with it. The upper convex surface is installed in close fit with the force transmission plate (3). The upper force transmission plate (3) forms an integral structure with the force measuring pad (1) through assembly with the measuring frustum, which is used to transmit the vertical force generated by the rail to the measuring frustum, thereby realizing the accurate measurement of the vertical force.

[0018] Preferably, the first gap (A) and the second gap (B) remain in existence even under the maximum load.

[0019] Preferably, the first force measuring iron seat (21) and the second force measuring iron seat (22) are formed into a fixed beam structure. The beam body of the fixed beam structure has a transverse force measuring shear hole (23) in the transverse direction, and shear strain gauges are arranged in the transverse force measuring shear hole (23). The middle part of the fixed beam structure is provided with a force transmission boss (24) that contacts the rail web, so that the transverse force of the rail acts directly on the force transmission boss (24) and is transmitted to the beam body to form shear stress, thereby realizing sensitive measurement of transverse force.

[0020] Preferably, the transverse force measuring shear hole (23) is arranged on one side, and the measured shear force is multiplied by two by the principle of symmetrical mechanics to obtain the actual transverse force.

[0021] Preferably, the shear force measurement hole (25) for the rail spike pull-out force is arranged on one side, and the measured shear force is multiplied by two based on the principle of symmetrical mechanics to obtain the actual rail spike pull-out force.

[0022] Preferably, the shear hole (25) for measuring the pull-out force of the rail spike is kept in the original structure of the beam through the fixed beam.

[0023] Preferably, the signal conditioning unit further includes a temperature compensation module and a multivariable calibration module, wherein the multivariable calibration module is used for signal calibration based on matrix decoupling.

[0024] Preferably, the multi-directional force measuring sensor has the same external dimensions as the standard turnout iron pad, and maintains the same track gauge, elevation and fastener function, thereby achieving replacement installation.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the measurement sensor of the present invention:

[0026] The measuring sensor of this invention is mainly applied to turnout systems in high-speed and conventional railways, used for real-time monitoring of key mechanical parameters such as vertical force, lateral force, and spike pull-out force borne by fastener nodes in the turnout area. As the most complex and stress-concentrated part of a railway line, the stress state of the turnout directly affects traffic safety and equipment lifespan. This invention, by replacing the standard turnout pad, achieves integrated, high-precision, long-term online measurement without altering the original turnout structure and fastener function. It provides a reliable technical means for health monitoring, condition assessment, and preventative maintenance of turnout systems, possessing wide applicability and significant engineering application value. Specific beneficial effects include:

[0027] (1) By adopting three-dimensional mechanical quantity synchronous measurement, the present invention can simultaneously obtain vertical, lateral and spike pull-out forces in a single replacement part, making up for the shortcomings of existing methods that only measure a single component or require multiple equipment combinations, and significantly improving the ability to characterize the stress state of turnouts in terms of data integrity.

[0028] (2) It can be replaced and is highly compatible. Its appearance and mounting holes are consistent with the standard iron pad. No changes are required to the track structure and fasteners. It meets the needs of large-scale promotion and rapid on-site replacement, and reduces construction and downtime costs. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the specific embodiments or related technologies of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure design of the sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 Three-view diagram of the force measuring pad design provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 A design drawing of a force transmission plate provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 Three-view diagrams showing the structural design of the force-measuring iron base according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the sensor provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the single-point vertical force measurement results provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the single-point lateral force measurement results provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the single-point rail spike pull-out force measurement results provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a field installation diagram provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0041] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0042] The main technical features of this embodiment include:

[0043] (1) It has an overall structural feature that is consistent with the shape and installation size of the standard turnout iron pad plate, and the sensor shape and hole arrangement are for the purpose of replacement installation.

[0044] (2) The force measuring pad is an elastic matrix composed of multiple measuring frustums. Each frustum has an upper convex / lower concave fit structure and a strain sensor is arranged on the concave surface. It is a structural unit for measuring vertical force.

[0045] (3) The two sides of the force measuring iron base are fixed beam structures. The beam body is provided with transverse force measuring shear holes and force transmission bosses, which are structural features for the transmission and measurement of transverse forces.

[0046] (4) A shear hole for measuring the pull-out force of the rail spike is set on the other side of the force measuring iron base and a strain sensor is arranged for measuring the pull-out force of the rail spike.

[0047] (5) A method for acquiring and decoupling multi-directional force signals based on the above structure, including signal processing steps such as strain bridge demodulation, temperature compensation, and multivariable calibration (matrix decoupling).

[0048] (6) The sensor as a whole achieves the above measurement capabilities while keeping the fastener assembly functions (gauge locking, spike hole position, rail bearing groove size) unchanged.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown in the schematic diagram of the overall sensor structure, this embodiment provides a multi-directional force measurement sensor based on a turnout iron pad structure, including:

[0050] The vertical force measuring unit includes a force transmission plate 3 at the top and a force measuring pad 1 at the bottom; the overall structural design of the lower force measuring pad 1 is as follows: Figure 2 The three-view drawing of the force measuring pad design is shown. The overall structural design of the upper force transmission plate 3 is as follows: Figure 3The force transmission plate design is shown in the figure; the force transmission plate 3 is directly supported on the bottom of the rail and is used to directly bear the vertical force. The size of the rail bearing groove C is consistent with the standard iron pad plate to ensure compatibility with the existing fastening system; the force measuring pad 1 is set in the rail bearing groove C and located below the force transmission plate 3, and includes a matrix of measuring elastic bodies composed of one or more evenly distributed measuring frustums.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, the lower force-measuring pad 1 is composed of a matrix of measuring elastic bodies consisting of one or more evenly distributed measuring frustums. Each measuring frustum is composed of a concave-convex combination structure formed by a lower concave surface and an upper convex surface, forming two gaps. The lower concave surface is embedded in the force-measuring pad 1 and forms a cylindrical cavity with its bottom surface, constituting the first gap A. The first gap A is used to measure the strain under stress by means of strain gauges arranged on the concave surface. The upper convex surface is arranged on the upper surface of the rail bearing groove C, forming a second gap B at intervals. The upper convex surface is tightly fitted with the force transmission plate 3. The first gap A and the second gap B remain even under the maximum load, thereby ensuring the effectiveness and stability of the strain measurement. The upper force transmission plate 3 forms an integral structure with the force-measuring pad 1 through assembly with the measuring frustum, and is used to transmit the vertical force generated by the rail to the measuring frustum, thereby realizing the accurate measurement of the vertical force.

[0052] The lateral force measurement unit includes: such as Figure 4 The three-view drawing of the force measuring base structure shows a first force measuring base 21 and a second force measuring base 22 respectively set on both sides of the force measuring pad plate. The first force measuring base 21 and the second force measuring base 22 are fixed to both sides of the force measuring pad plate 1 by a fixed method. Based on the first force measuring base 21 and the second force measuring base 22 as a fixed beam structure, and the provided transverse force measuring shear hole 23, rail spike pull-out force measuring shear hole 25 and force transmission boss 24 respectively realize the transmission and measurement of transverse force and rail spike pull-out force, while ensuring the track gauge locking function.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment, the first force-measuring iron base 21 and the second force-measuring iron base 22 are regarded as a fixed beam structure. The beam body of the fixed beam structure has the transverse force measuring shear hole 23 in the transverse force measuring shear hole 23, and shear strain gauges are arranged in the transverse force measuring shear hole 23. The force transmission boss 24 is provided in the middle of the fixed beam structure to contact the rail web, so that the transverse force of the rail acts directly on the force transmission boss 24 and is transmitted to the beam body to form shear stress, thereby realizing sensitive measurement of transverse force. Since the force transmission boss 24 is located at the center of the fixed beam, the transverse force measuring shear hole 23 can be arranged on one side, and the measured shear force can be multiplied by two by the principle of symmetrical mechanics to obtain the actual transverse force. This avoids mutual interference between the shear holes on both sides and reserves space on the other side to set the rail spike pull-out force measuring shear hole 25, thus achieving a compact structure and decoupling of multi-directional forces. The overall structure of the consolidation beam and force transmission boss maintains the original geometry and mechanical properties of the iron pad, ensuring that the turnout fastener installation method, gauge locking function and overall rigidity remain unchanged.

[0054] The rail spike pull-out force measuring unit includes: such as Figure 4 As shown in the three-view diagram of the force measuring iron base structure, on the other side of the fixed beam formed by the first force measuring iron base 21 and the second force measuring iron base 22, a shear hole 25 for measuring the pull-out force of the rail spike is set perpendicular to the shear hole 23 for measuring the transverse force. A strain sensor is arranged in the shear hole 25 for measuring the pull-out force of the rail spike to realize the monitoring of the preload and dynamic force during operation by measuring the shear strain.

[0055] as well as

[0056] The signal conditioning unit includes a signal acquisition module, a strain bridge demodulation system, and a signal decoupling output module. The signal acquisition and conditioning module is used to acquire sensing signals from multiple force measuring disks, the lateral force measuring shear hole 23, the rail spike pull-out force measuring shear hole 25, and the force transmission boss 24. The strain bridge demodulation system is used to condition and convert the sensing signals. The signal decoupling output module is used to achieve decoupling and high-precision output of multi-directional force components based on a built-in calibration algorithm and transmit them to the monitoring terminal to achieve long-term online monitoring.

[0057] In this embodiment, the signal conditioning unit is as follows: Figure 5 The sensor, as shown in the overall photograph, collects sensing signals from multiple force-measuring disks, the shear hole 23 for measuring lateral force, the shear hole 25 for measuring pull-out force of the rail spike, and the force-transmitting boss 24, and uses a strain bridge demodulation system to achieve signal conversion.

[0058] In a preferred embodiment, the signal conditioning unit further includes a temperature compensation module and a multivariable calibration module, wherein the multivariable calibration module is used for signal calibration based on matrix decoupling.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment, the multi-directional force measuring sensor has the same external dimensions as the standard turnout iron pad plate, and maintains the same track gauge, elevation and fastener function, thereby achieving a replacement installation.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, three consolidation holes 12 are provided on both sides of the force measuring pad 1. The three consolidation holes 12 are used to make a consolidation connection with the first force measuring iron base 21 and the second force measuring iron base 22.

[0061] As a preferred embodiment, since the pull-out force of the rail spike acts on the middle of the fixed beam along the beam axis, the shear force measurement hole 25 for the rail spike pull-out force can be arranged on one side, and the measured shear force can be multiplied by two based on the principle of symmetrical mechanics to obtain the actual pull-out force of the rail spike, thereby avoiding interference from opening holes on both sides and maintaining structural integrity.

[0062] As a preferred implementation, the shear hole 25 for measuring the pull-out force of the rail spike is kept in the original structure of the beam that penetrates the fixed beam, ensuring that the fastener assembly method, fastening performance and overall stiffness remain unchanged, and achieving compatibility between sensor integration and original functions.

[0063] Application Examples

[0064] In this example, all eight iron pads (#7 to #14) were replaced with corresponding model pad-type pressure sensors. On-site, polyethylene adjusting shims of at least 0.5mm were used to fill the gap between the rail and the iron pads. The specific implementation method includes the following steps.

[0065] S1, Overall sensor structure construction

[0066] like Figure 1 As shown, the overall structure and dimensions of the sensor are consistent with the standard turnout iron pad, maintaining the same track gauge, elevation, and fastener installation method, thus achieving replacement installation. The sensor assembly consists of one force-measuring pad, two force-measuring iron seats, and one force-transmitting plate. 1) Force-transmitting plate: Directly supports the bottom of the rail and directly bears the vertical force. The dimensions of the rail bearing groove C are consistent with the standard iron pad, ensuring compatibility with the existing fastener system; 2) Force-measuring pad: Located below the force-transmitting plate within the rail bearing groove C, it contains a matrix of measuring elastic bodies composed of one or more evenly distributed measuring frustums; 3) Force-measuring iron seats: Fixed to both sides of the force-measuring pad by a fixed method, using a structure of fixed beams, shear holes, and force-transmitting bosses to realize the transmission and measurement of lateral force and spike pull-out force, while ensuring the track gauge locking function. The overall structure adopts a thin plate design, with a base plate thickness of approximately 27mm and a length of 580mm to 850mm, to meet the turnout installation requirements.

[0067] S2, Vertical force measurement

[0068] like Figure 2 , Figure 3As shown, the vertical force measurement unit consists of an upper force transmission plate and a lower force measuring pad. The lower force measuring pad is composed of a matrix of measuring elastic bodies consisting of one or more evenly distributed measuring frustums. Each measuring frustum adopts a concave-convex combination structure with two gaps: the lower concave surface is embedded in the force measuring pad, forming a cylindrical cavity with its bottom surface, constituting gap 1, where strain gauges are placed to measure the strain under stress; the upper convex surface is arranged on the upper surface of the rail groove C, forming gap 2, and is tightly fitted with the force transmission plate. Gap 1 and 2 remain even under maximum load, thus ensuring the effectiveness and stability of strain measurement. Three consolidation holes are provided on both sides of the force measuring pad for consolidation connection with the force measuring base. The upper force transmission plate, assembled with the measuring frustum and forming an integral structure with the force measuring pad, is used to transmit the vertical force generated by the rail to the measuring frustum, thereby achieving accurate measurement of the vertical force. The test results are as follows. Figure 6 The results of the single-point vertical force measurement show that the range is 250kN, the measurement accuracy is better than 1‰FS, and the overload capacity is 150%.

[0069] S3, Lateral Force Measurement

[0070] like Figure 4 As shown, a force-measuring iron seat is set on each side of the force-measuring pad. This force-measuring iron seat is considered a fixed beam structure. A transverse force measuring shear hole is opened in the transverse direction of the beam, and shear strain gauges are arranged in the shear hole. A force-transmitting boss is provided in the middle of the beam and contacts the rail web, so that the transverse force of the rail acts directly on the force-transmitting boss and is transmitted to the beam to form shear stress, thereby realizing sensitive measurement of transverse force. Since the force-transmitting boss is located at the center of the fixed beam, the transverse force shear hole can be arranged on one side. The measured shear force is multiplied by two by the principle of symmetrical mechanics to obtain the actual transverse force. This avoids interference between the shear holes on both sides and reserves space on the other side for setting up a shear hole for measuring the pull-out force of the rail spike, achieving a compact structure and decoupling of multi-directional forces. The test results are as follows. Figure 7 The results of the single-point lateral force measurement show that the range is 30kN, the measurement accuracy is better than 1‰FS, and the overload capacity is 150%.

[0071] S4, Track spike pull-out force measurement

[0072] like Figure 4 As shown, a shear hole for measuring the pull-out force of the road spike is set on the other side of the force-measuring iron base, perpendicular to the transverse shear hole. A strain sensor is placed inside the hole to monitor the preload and dynamic force during operation of the road spike through shear strain measurement. Since the pull-out force of the road spike acts along the beam axis at the middle of the fixed beam, a shear hole can be arranged on one side. Based on the principle of symmetrical mechanics, the measured shear force is multiplied by two to obtain the actual pull-out force of the road spike, thus avoiding interference from opening holes on both sides, maintaining the overall strength of the beam, and keeping the fastener installation method unchanged. The test results are as follows... Figure 8The results of the single-point rail spike pull-out force measurement show a range of 30kN, a measurement accuracy better than 1‰FS, and an overload capacity of 150%.

[0073] S5, Signal Output and Processing

[0074] Signals from all force-measuring disks, shear holes, and force-transmitting bosses are acquired by a strain gauge demodulation system. After signal conditioning and calibration algorithms, the vertical force, lateral force, and spike pull-out force are decoupled and output with high precision. The data is then transmitted to the monitoring terminal for long-term online monitoring.

[0075] On-site installation photos as follows Figure 9 As shown, the engineering adaptability of the present invention is verified.

[0076] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-directional force measurement sensor based on a turnout iron pad structure, characterized in that, include: The vertical force measuring unit includes a force transmission plate (3) at the top and a force measuring pad (1) at the bottom. The force transmission plate (3) is directly supported on the bottom of the rail and is used to directly bear the vertical force. The size of the rail bearing groove (C) of the rail is consistent with that of the standard iron pad to ensure compatibility with the existing fastening system. The force measuring pad (1) is set in the rail bearing groove (C) and located below the force transmission plate (3). The lower force measuring pad (1) is composed of a matrix of measuring elastic bodies composed of one or more evenly distributed measuring frustums. The lateral force measuring unit includes: a first force measuring iron seat (21) and a second force measuring iron seat (22) respectively provided on both sides of the force measuring pad (1); the first force measuring iron seat (21) and the second force measuring iron seat (22) are fixed on both sides of the force measuring pad (1) by a fixed method, and based on the first force measuring iron seat (21) and the second force measuring iron seat (22) being regarded as a fixed beam structure, and the lateral force measuring shear hole (23) and force transmission boss (24) provided, the lateral force is transmitted and measured, while ensuring the track gauge locking function; The rail spike pull-out force measuring unit includes: a rail spike pull-out force measuring shear hole (25) and a strain sensor arranged in the rail spike pull-out force measuring shear hole (25), which realizes the monitoring of rail spike preload and dynamic force during operation by shear strain measurement; wherein, the rail spike pull-out force measuring shear hole (25) is located on the other side of the fixed beam formed by the first force measuring iron seat (21) and the second force measuring iron seat (22), and is perpendicular to the transverse force measuring shear hole (23); as well as The signal conditioning unit includes a signal acquisition module, a strain bridge demodulation system, and a signal decoupling output module. The signal acquisition and conditioning module is used to acquire the sensing signals at multiple force measuring disks, the transverse force measuring shear hole (23), the road spike pull-out force measuring shear hole (25), and the force transmission boss (24). The strain bridge demodulation system is used to condition and convert the sensing signals. The signal decoupling output module is used to decouple and output multi-directional force components with high precision based on the built-in calibration algorithm and transmit them to the monitoring terminal to realize long-term online monitoring.

2. The multi-directional force measurement sensor based on a turnout iron pad structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The force measuring pad (1) has three fixing holes (12) on both sides. The first force measuring iron seat (21) and the second force measuring iron seat (22) are fixed to the force measuring pad (1) by fixing through the three fixing holes (12).

3. A multi-directional force measurement sensor based on a turnout iron pad structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each measuring frustum is composed of a concave-convex combination structure formed by a lower concave surface and an upper convex surface, forming two gaps. The lower concave surface is embedded in the force measuring pad (1) and forms a cylindrical cavity with its bottom surface, forming the first gap (A). The first gap (A) is used to measure the stress strain by means of strain gauges arranged on the concave surface. The upper convex surface is arranged on the upper surface of the rail bearing groove (C) and forms a second gap (B) with it. The upper convex surface is installed in close fit with the force transmission plate (3). The upper force transmission plate (3) forms an integral structure with the force measuring pad (1) through the assembly with the measuring frustum, which is used to transmit the vertical force generated by the rail to the measuring frustum, thereby realizing the accurate measurement of the vertical force.

4. A multi-directional force measuring sensor based on a turnout iron pad structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first gap (A) and the second gap (B) remain in existence even under the maximum load.

5. A multi-directional force measuring sensor based on a turnout iron pad structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first force measuring iron seat (21) and the second force measuring iron seat (22) are formed into a fixed beam structure. The beam body of the fixed beam structure has a transverse force measuring shear hole (23) in the transverse force measuring shear hole (23) and shear strain gauges are arranged in the transverse force measuring shear hole (23). The middle part of the fixed beam structure is provided with a force transmission boss (24) that contacts the rail web, so that the transverse force of the rail acts directly on the force transmission boss (24) and is transmitted to the beam body to form shear stress, thereby realizing sensitive measurement of transverse force.

6. A multi-directional force measuring sensor based on a turnout iron pad structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The transverse force measuring shear hole (23) is arranged on one side, and the actual transverse force is obtained by multiplying the measured shear force by two using the principle of symmetrical mechanics.

7. A multi-directional force measuring sensor based on a turnout iron pad structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The shear force measurement hole (25) of the rail spike pull-out force is arranged on one side, and the actual rail spike pull-out force is obtained by multiplying the measured shear force by two based on the principle of symmetric mechanics.

8. A multi-directional force measuring sensor based on a turnout iron pad structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The shear hole (25) for measuring the pull-out force of the rail spike is kept in the original structure of the beam through the fixed beam.

9. A multi-directional force measuring sensor based on a turnout iron pad structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The signal conditioning unit also includes a temperature compensation module and a multivariable calibration module, wherein the multivariable calibration module is used for signal calibration based on matrix decoupling.

10. A multi-directional force measuring sensor based on a turnout iron pad structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, The multi-directional force measurement sensor has the same external dimensions as the standard turnout iron pad plate, and maintains the same track gauge, elevation and fastener function, thereby achieving replacement installation.

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