BIM-based assembly type steel structure assembly scheme comparison and selection method and system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental risk assessment, and particularly discloses a BIM-based fabricated steel structure assembly scheme comparison and selection method and system, and the method comprises the steps: building a three-dimensional building model based on BIM software, and extracting component information and GIS data; establishing national and local standard libraries, matching applicable standards through building positioning information, and generating parameterized assembly rules; generating a plurality of assembly type combination schemes according to rules and component logic, and interactively binding with the BIM model; calculating an assembly rate and a standard score of each scheme, and screening candidate schemes meeting structural safety and a cost threshold value; and constructing an incremental cost library, completing cost difference analysis of the candidate schemes, and outputting an optimal assembly type steel structure combination scheme. And data driving and automatic comparison and selection in the whole process are supported, the method can be applied to prefabricated building scheme design and optimization links, and the design efficiency and the scheme economy are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of environmental risk assessment technology, specifically involving a BIM-based method, system, terminal, and medium for comparing and selecting prefabricated steel structure assembly schemes. Background Technology

[0002] Prefabricated construction is a building form that involves prefabricating building components in a factory and assembling them modularly on the construction site. It offers advantages such as short construction cycles, controllable quality, energy efficiency, and environmental friendliness. Against this backdrop, BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology, due to its visualization and information-based advantages in architectural design, component management, and project coordination, has been widely applied in the design and construction phases of prefabricated buildings.

[0003] Currently, although the application of BIM technology in prefabricated buildings is deepening, there are still significant differences in the standardization and informatization of prefabricated buildings in China. For example, different standard-setting bodies in different regions result in inconsistent standard systems, making it impossible to effectively control universality and make horizontal comparisons during the design phase. At the same time, there is a lack of unified measurement standards for component combinations corresponding to different assembly rates in practical applications. Engineers often rely on experience to select component combination schemes, lacking precise indicator systems and data support, making it difficult to make scientific comparisons from multiple dimensions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention addresses the problems in existing technologies by providing a BIM-based method and system for comparing and selecting prefabricated steel structure assembly schemes. It solves the problem that inconsistent standards across different regions make it difficult to effectively control universality and conduct horizontal comparisons during the design phase. At the same time, it also solves the problem that existing technologies lack unified measurement standards for component combinations corresponding to different assembly rates in practical applications. As a result, engineers often rely on experience to select component combination schemes, lacking a precise indicator system and data support, making it difficult to conduct scientific comparisons from multiple dimensions.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows: Firstly, this application provides a BIM-based method for comparing and selecting prefabricated steel structure assembly schemes, which includes the following steps: Step S1: Establish a three-dimensional building model of the prefabricated steel structure based on BIM software, extract the component information from the model and encode it, generate a component quantity table, and extract the GIS data of the model. Step S2: Establish a prefabricated building standard library, which includes national standards and local standards from various regions. Match the building location information in the GIS data with the standard library to determine the prefabricated building standards applicable to the target project. Step S3: Based on the matched prefabricated building standards and the preset prefabricated scheme logic library, generate N prefabricated combination schemes, each scheme including a combination of several prefabricated components. Step S4: Interact with the BIM model for each generated scheme, and write the prefabricated component information into the BIM model through parameter attachment and model modification. Step S5: Calculate the assembly rate and standard score for each scheme, and generate an assembly rate calculation table for each scheme. Step S6: Based on the assembly rate calculation table and the set structural safety and cost thresholds, screen and compare all the solutions to obtain N' candidate solutions that meet the requirements, where N'≤N; Step S7: Construct an incremental cost library, which includes incremental cost information for various types of prefabricated components; Step S8: Perform incremental cost analysis on the candidate schemes, select the optimal prefabricated steel structure combination scheme based on the analysis results, and output the selected scheme and its corresponding assembly rate calculation table and cost increment table.

[0006] Furthermore, step S2 includes the following steps: Step S2-1: Using the building location points in the GIS data, prioritize matching the local prefabricated building standards of the location; Step S2-2: If no corresponding local standard exists, then backtrack to match the national standard; Step S2-3: Convert the matched standard information into a set of parametric assembly rules.

[0007] Furthermore, step S3 includes the following steps: Step S3-1: Based on the parametric assembly rule set and the prefabricated scheme logic library, select component combinations in the following order: horizontal components, external enclosure components, internal partition walls, decoration and pipelines, and main structural vertical components. Step S3-2: Generate N prefabricated combination schemes based on the combination logic between different component types, wherein the assembly content of each scheme includes no less than three types of component combinations; Step S3-3: Cache the generated prefabricated assembly scheme and mark its assembly path and the standard information used.

[0008] Furthermore, step S4 includes the following steps: Step S4-1: Bind the component information in each scheme of step S3-3 to the corresponding component node of the BIM model through parameter attachment. Step S4-2: When binding fails or finer control is required, replace and update the component attributes in the BIM model using the model modification method; Step S4-3: Establish a two-way mapping table between the scheme and the BIM model.

[0009] Furthermore, step S5 includes the following steps: Step S5-1: Calculate the total number and classification percentage of modular components in each scheme according to component codes; Step S5-2: Calculate the component weight score for each scheme according to the evaluation index corresponding to the prefabricated standard. Step S5-3: Output the assembly rate calculation table for each scheme. The calculation table includes the module component utilization rate, standard matching score and safety index summary results.

[0010] Furthermore, step S6 includes the following steps: Step S6-1: Set the minimum assembly rate threshold and the upper limit threshold for each item's cost; Step S6-2: In the preliminary comparison and selection, eliminate prefabricated combination schemes that do not meet structural safety requirements or exceed cost limits; Step S6-3: Based on the assembly rate ranking and standard score weighting results of the remaining solutions, select N' candidate solutions.

[0011] Furthermore, step S7 includes the following steps: Step S7-1: Construct an incremental cost library and establish a multi-level incremental cost index based on the dimensions of component category, component location, construction technology, and transportation method; Step S7-2: The incremental cost information for each prefabricated component includes the difference in production cost, transportation cost, and installation cost compared to traditional cast-in-place components. Step S7-3: Map the component ID to the component quantity table to complete the cost increment extraction.

[0012] Furthermore, step S8 includes the following steps: Step S8-1: For each candidate solution, call the incremental cost library to perform component-level incremental cost totaling and generate a solution-level cost incremental analysis table; Step S8-2: Sort the schemes in the cost increment analysis table in ascending order of total cost; Step S8-3: Select at least one of the best prefabricated steel structure combination schemes to form the final recommended output file, including details of the selected schemes, assembly rate table and incremental cost table.

[0013] Secondly, this application provides a BIM-based prefabricated steel structure assembly scheme comparison and selection system, which includes: The modeling and extraction unit is used to create a 3D building model of prefabricated steel structure based on BIM software, extract component information from the model and encode it, generate a component quantity table, and extract GIS data from the model. The standard matching unit is used to establish a prefabricated building standard library that includes national and local standards, and to match the building location information in GIS data with the standard library to determine the prefabricated building standard applicable to the target project. The scheme generation unit is used to generate N prefabricated combination schemes based on the matched prefabricated building standards and prefabricated scheme logic library. Each scheme includes a combination of several prefabricated components. The model interaction unit is used to interact with the prefabricated combination scheme and the BIM model, and write the prefabricated component information into the BIM model through parameter attachment and model modification. The calculation and scoring unit is used to calculate the assembly rate and score the standard for each combination scheme, and generate an assembly rate calculation table for each scheme. The comparison unit is used to screen and compare all the schemes according to the assembly rate calculation table and the set structural safety and cost thresholds, and obtain N' candidate schemes that meet the requirements, where N'≤N; The incremental cost library construction unit is used to build the incremental cost library, which includes incremental cost information for various types of prefabricated components. The cost analysis and output unit is used to perform incremental cost analysis on candidate schemes, select the optimal prefabricated steel structure combination scheme based on the analysis results, and output the selected scheme and its corresponding assembly rate calculation table and cost increment table.

[0014] Furthermore, the standard matching unit further includes: The priority matching module is used to prioritize matching local prefabricated building standards based on building location points in GIS data. The rollback matching module is used to roll back to match national standards when no corresponding local standard exists. The rule generation module is used to convert the matched standard information into a set of parameterized assembly rules for the scheme generation unit to call.

[0015] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the advantages of the present invention are: (1) By constructing a complete comparison process from BIM model extraction, standard matching, scheme generation, model interaction, assembly rate calculation to incremental cost analysis, the optimal scheme that takes into account the assembly rate, standard compliance and cost control requirements can be scientifically selected from multiple prefabricated steel structure schemes, thereby improving the scientific and intelligent level of prefabricated building scheme design.

[0016] (2) By introducing a mechanism that prioritizes matching local standards and backs down to matching national standards, it is possible to adapt the prefabricated design requirements that best meet the local specifications in different regional projects, while enhancing the system's standard adaptability and parameter scalability, and improving the applicability of multi-regional scheme comparison.

[0017] (3) By establishing the priority combination order and minimum classification coverage logic of assembly components, and marking the combination path and standard source, we can ensure that each prefabricated combination scheme has a clear standard basis and component logic, avoid blind combination, and improve the rationality and technical traceability of the generated scheme.

[0018] (4) By combining parameter attachment and model modification, component information is written into the BIM model, and a two-way mapping between the model and the scheme is established to ensure the accurate presentation of the scheme information in the BIM model and the operability of subsequent visualization analysis, thereby enhancing the information loop between the prefabricated scheme and the building model. By using component classification statistics and scoring weighting model, combined with assembly rate index and standard score, an assembly rate calculation table is formed, which can quantitatively reflect the comprehensive performance of each scheme in terms of modularity, component coverage and standard adaptation. This is conducive to achieving multi-dimensional evaluation and providing a data basis for subsequent comparison and selection. By setting hard constraints such as assembly rate thresholds and cost limits, combined with sorting and screening logic, it is possible to systematically eliminate combinations that are technically or economically infeasible, avoid invalid solutions occupying comparison resources, and improve the efficiency and stability of the solution comparison process.

[0019] (5) By constructing an incremental cost library with multi-dimensional indexes and further breaking down the incremental cost of components, the cost difference between prefabricated components and cast-in-place components can be reflected more accurately, making the incremental cost analysis more targeted and helping to achieve real cost assessment. By using a solution-level incremental cost calculation and ranking mechanism, combined with assembly rate and scoring data, the optimal solution can be selected from both technical feasibility and economic controllability, thereby enhancing the feasibility and promotion value of the selection results.

[0020] (6) The system integrates multiple functional modules such as modeling, standard matching, scheme generation, interactive control, calculation analysis and comparison output, to realize the full-process automated support of prefabricated steel structure design from data-driven to economic optimization, and improve the intelligence and integration level of scheme design. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating the BIM-based prefabricated steel structure assembly scheme comparison method provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Please see Figure 1 As shown, this invention provides a BIM-based method for comparing and selecting prefabricated steel structure assembly schemes, including the following steps: Step S1: Establish a 3D building model of the prefabricated steel structure using BIM software, extract and encode the component information from the model, generate a component quantity table, and extract the GIS data from the model. Specifically, the component information includes component type, material, size, structural form, and spatial layout attributes. The encoding can adopt the rule of "component category + floor + serial number," such as "B-03-L2" representing the 3rd beam component on the 2nd floor. The component quantity table is output in Excel or database format, and the GIS data includes spatial data such as geographic coordinates, administrative divisions, and project terrain features.

[0025] Step S2: Establish a prefabricated building standard library, which includes national standards and local standards. Match the building location information in the GIS data with the standard library to determine the prefabricated building standards applicable to the target project. The standard library is established in JSON or relational database format and stores various standard clauses, assembly rate calculation requirements, component matching rules and other information.

[0026] Step S2-1: Using the building location points in the GIS data, prioritize matching the local prefabricated building standards of the location; the matching algorithm uses the administrative division code as the index field and performs matching at the provincial, municipal, and district levels.

[0027] Step S2-2: If no corresponding local standard exists, fall back to match the national standard; if the match fails, trigger the default national standard calling logic to ensure that at least one type of standard is adapted.

[0028] Step S2-3: Convert the matched standard information into a parameterized assembly rule set; this rule set includes the lower limit of assembly rate, usable component types, component scoring rules, combination coverage requirements, etc., as input conditions for subsequent logic control.

[0029] Step S3: Based on the matched prefabricated building standards and the preset prefabricated scheme logic library, generate N prefabricated combination schemes. Each scheme includes a combination of several prefabricated components. The logic library has preset component priorities and component combination templates, which support multi-path generation. For example, different horizontal components + different enclosure components can be selected to form a combination path tree.

[0030] Step S3-1: Based on the parameterized assembly rule set and the prefabricated scheme logic library, select component combinations in the prefabricated scheme logic library in the following order: horizontal components, external enclosure components, internal partition walls, decoration and pipelines, and main structural vertical components; each type of component must meet the requirement in the standard that "the number of component types covered shall not be less than three".

[0031] Step S3-2: Generate N prefabricated combination schemes based on the combination logic between different component types. Each scheme includes no less than three types of component combinations. The system generates a scheme ID for each combination and records information such as component combination method, component type, quantity and combination number.

[0032] Step S3-3: Cache the generated prefabricated assembly scheme and mark its assembly path and the standard information used; the cache format supports JSON structured format storage, which is convenient for subsequent interaction and callback.

[0033] Step S4: Interact with each generated scheme with the BIM model, and write the prefabricated component information into the BIM model through parameter attachment and model modification. The parameter attachment method is to add the Boolean fields "whether it is prefabricated" and "the scheme ID" to the BIM component attribute set. The model modification method includes component family replacement, parameter overriding and material redefinition.

[0034] Step S4-1: Bind the component information in each scheme of step S3-3 to the corresponding component node of the BIM model through parameter attachment; parameter attachment is processed by API interface or external plugin, such as using Revit secondary development interface to bind component attributes.

[0035] Step S4-2: When binding fails or finer control is required, replace and update the component attributes in the BIM model by modifying the model; for example, replace ordinary floor slab components with prefabricated composite floor slab families.

[0036] Step S4-3: Establish a two-way mapping table between the scheme and the BIM model; the mapping table records fields such as "component ID - scheme ID" and "component location - component type - whether it is attached", which are used to track the interaction status and component distribution.

[0037] Step S5: Calculate the assembly rate and standard score for each combination scheme, and generate an assembly rate calculation table for each scheme. The assembly rate is calculated by the ratio of the total number of prefabricated components to the total number of all evaluable components in the model. The score is calculated by weighting the scores based on the weight values ​​of each component in the standard.

[0038] In practical applications, component-dimensional extension parameters can be introduced to perform multi-dimensional classification and clustering of components, including but not limited to: component category, structural function (e.g., load-bearing components, enclosure components), construction stage (e.g., foundation, main structure, electromechanical decoration), construction difficulty level, and its corresponding standard source (national or local standards). Based on the clustering results, the system can further establish a five-dimensional scoring model to calculate the assembly rate, construction efficiency score, safety structure coefficient, standard compatibility score, and inter-component synergy score for each combination scheme. The scoring results of each dimension can be visualized by generating multi-index radar charts, and multi-attribute decision-making methods such as TOPSIS are used to sort and normalize multiple scoring dimensions to form a comprehensive scoring index, providing objective decision support for scheme selection.

[0039] Step S5-1: Calculate the total number and classification percentage of modular components in each scheme according to component code; component classification includes beams, columns, floor slabs, external wall panels, stairs, equipment supports, etc., and output the statistical results in tabular form.

[0040] Step S5-2: Calculate the component weight score for each scheme according to the evaluation index corresponding to the prefabricated standard; for example, assign 5 points to beam components, 4 points to wall panels, and 3 points to integrated pipelines. The weight score is the sum of the score values ​​of each type of component × the proportion of that type of component.

[0041] Step S5-3: Output the assembly rate calculation table for each scheme. The calculation table includes the module component utilization rate, standard matching score and safety index summary results. The table fields include scheme number, assembly rate (%), score (out of 100), component distribution ratio, safety factor, etc.

[0042] Step S6: Based on the assembly rate calculation table and the set structural safety and cost thresholds, screen and compare all the schemes to obtain N' candidate schemes that meet the requirements, where N'≤N; the system removes schemes that do not meet the assembly rate or cost requirements according to the set thresholds, and pre-filters schemes that do not meet the structural safety requirements.

[0043] Step S6-1: Set the minimum assembly rate threshold and the upper limit threshold for each item's cost; for example, set the minimum assembly rate to 60% and the unit price of precast floor slabs to no more than 600 yuan / ㎡.

[0044] Step S6-2: In the preliminary comparison and selection, prefabricated combination schemes that do not meet the structural safety requirements or exceed the cost limits are eliminated; structural safety can be verified and scored by structural calculation software, and unqualified schemes are eliminated.

[0045] Step S6-3: Based on the assembly rate ranking and standard score weighting results of the remaining solutions, select N' candidate solutions; the comprehensive score is: final score = assembly rate weight × assembly rate + standard score weight × score value.

[0046] Step S7: Construct an incremental cost library, which includes incremental cost information for various types of prefabricated components. The cost library is indexed by component category, and the fields include component code, prefabricated unit price, traditional cast-in-place unit price, transportation cost, installation labor cost, etc.

[0047] In further implementation, an incremental cost prediction model can be constructed based on historical project completion cost data. Machine learning algorithms (such as Support Vector Regression (SVR) or Multilayer Perceptron (MLP)) can be used to dynamically estimate the cost of prefabricated components. The model can comprehensively consider dimensions such as the component's own geometric parameters, the cost index of the region, the level of the construction team, and the construction season to establish a time-sensitive and region-sensitive incremental cost prediction system, thereby improving the real-time performance and adaptability of cost calculation.

[0048] In further implementation, an incremental cost prediction model can be constructed based on historical project completion cost data. Machine learning algorithms (such as Support Vector Regression (SVR) or Multilayer Perceptron (MLP)) can be used to dynamically estimate the cost of prefabricated components. The model can comprehensively consider dimensions such as the component's own geometric parameters, the cost index of the region, the level of the construction team, and the construction season to establish a time-sensitive and region-sensitive incremental cost prediction system, thereby improving the real-time performance and adaptability of cost calculation.

[0049] Specifically, the model's input parameters may include geometric and technological information such as the component's length, width, height, volume, material volume used, and construction method. It may also include unstructured auxiliary variables such as the construction market cost index of the project's location, climate factors corresponding to the construction period (e.g., whether it is the rainy season or winter construction period), and the type of construction team used for the component (e.g., whether it is a professional prefabrication and assembly team). Each type of component can also be assigned a category code to identify its functional type, such as steel columns, steel beams, external wall panels, composite floor slabs, and integrated electromechanical components. Component types are processed using a unique hot coding method in the model.

[0050] The model training data comes from the settlement data of historically completed prefabricated projects. A structured approach is used to extract component parameters and final cost data to form a training sample set. The input is a feature vector of component parameters, and the output is the corresponding actual unit incremental value of the prefabricated building. During training, the model can use mean squared error as the loss function, and the model weights are optimized through error backpropagation. Once the model training is complete and validated, it can be deployed to the selection system as an independent module.

[0051] During the application phase, the system retrieves the parameter characteristics of each component from the component quantity table, combines them with project information and regional indicators, automatically constructs a prediction input vector, and calls the aforementioned incremental cost prediction model via API or internal services to return the prediction result. This result is automatically bound to the corresponding component ID and updated in the incremental cost library, replacing the static single value in the economic calculation of prefabricated schemes. The system summarizes the predicted cost values ​​of all components in each candidate scheme to form a scheme-level incremental cost prediction result for subsequent comparison and ranking. Through the above method, the adaptability and dynamic response capability of incremental cost assessment can be effectively improved, especially suitable for the cost calculation needs of prefabricated building projects under different regional and seasonal conditions.

[0052] Step S7-1: Construct an incremental cost library and establish a multi-level incremental cost index based on the dimensions of component category, component location, construction technology, and transportation method; for example, floor slabs → precast composite slabs → wet construction → ordinary transportation, forming a multi-level path.

[0053] Step S7-2: The incremental cost information for each prefabricated component includes the difference in production cost, transportation cost, and installation cost compared to traditional cast-in-place components; for a component such as "L1 beam component", the incremental cost = total prefabrication cost - total cast-in-place cost.

[0054] Step S7-3: Map component IDs to component quantity tables to extract cost increments; the system uses component IDs as indexes to perform correlation queries in the quantity tables and cost databases to summarize the solution costs.

[0055] Step S8: Perform incremental cost analysis on the candidate schemes, select the optimal prefabricated steel structure combination scheme based on the analysis results, and output the selected scheme and its corresponding assembly rate calculation table and cost increment table; the output results are presented in the form of a report and exported in PDF or table format for design selection reference.

[0056] Step S8-1: For each candidate solution, call the incremental cost library to perform component-level incremental cost totaling and generate a solution-level cost incremental analysis table; the table records the incremental costs of various components and their composition ratios.

[0057] Step S8-2: Sort the schemes in the cost increment analysis table in ascending order of total cost; the cost can be output in two ways: unit price per building area or total price.

[0058] Step S8-3: Select at least one of the best-ranked prefabricated steel structure combination schemes to form a final recommended output file, including details of the selected schemes, an assembly rate table, and a cost increment table; the recommended output file serves as one of the BIM deliverables and can be directly referenced in subsequent detailed design phases. In some embodiments, this application provides a BIM-based prefabricated steel structure assembly scheme comparison system, which includes: The modeling and extraction unit is used to create a 3D building model of the prefabricated steel structure based on BIM software, extract component information from the model and encode it, generate a component quantity table, and extract GIS data from the model. The modeling and extraction unit includes a forward design module based on a 3D modeling tool (such as Revit), a component coding module, and a GIS information extraction interface. Component information includes basic attributes such as component type, spatial location, size, and material. The coding module can use the rule of "component category + floor number + serial number" for unique identification, such as "C-02-L3-B5" representing the 5th column component on the 3rd floor. The component quantity table is exported in a structured table format, with fields including component ID, type, quantity, location information, and component family. Simultaneously, GIS data is extracted through model-geographic information system integration (such as calling ArcGIS API) to obtain the building's latitude and longitude coordinates, administrative division code, etc., for subsequent standard adaptation and matching.

[0059] The standard matching unit is used to establish a prefabricated building standard library including national and local standards, and to match building location information from GIS data with the standard library to determine the applicable prefabricated building standard for the target project. The standard matching unit includes a standard information management module, an administrative region identification module, and a rule conversion module. The standard library adopts a relational database structure, with fields including standard number, applicable administrative region, component classification definition, scoring weight, and minimum assembly rate. During the matching process, administrative region codes are used first for precise positioning. If a local standard exists for the current project location, the corresponding clause is directly matched; otherwise, the national standard is used as the default adaptation basis. After matching, the standard clauses are converted into a unified format of parameterized rule sets, stored in JSON structure, for use by the scheme generation module.

[0060] The scheme generation unit generates N prefabricated combination schemes based on the matched prefabricated building standards and prefabricated scheme logic library. Each scheme includes a combination of several prefabricated components. The scheme generation unit includes a component combination logic module, a scheme generation engine, and a scheme cache management module. The combination logic module constructs component combination paths in a progressive manner according to component type priority (e.g., horizontal components > external enclosure components > internal partition walls > mechanical and electrical decoration > main structural vertical components), generating no less than N prefabricated component combination schemes through logical backtracking. Each scheme covers at least three types of component combinations. The scheme generation engine performs feasibility verification based on standard constraints and records the component list, component quantity, component layout logic, and standard source for each combination. All generated schemes are automatically cached in the database and bound to the corresponding BIM model ID and standard matching version number.

[0061] The model interaction unit is used to interact with the prefabricated assembly scheme and the BIM model. It writes prefabricated component information into the BIM model through parameter attachment and model modification. The model interaction unit includes a parameter attachment module, a component attribute rewriting module, and an interaction mapping management module. Parameter attachment is performed via an API call (such as the Autodesk Revit API) to add custom parameter fields such as "whether it is prefabricated," "the ID of the scheme," and "the corresponding standard number" to the component attribute set of the BIM model. When the component type or family definition does not match the prefabricated scheme, the attribute rewriting module is called to replace the component family or modify the dimensional parameters. During the interaction process, a two-way mapping table between component IDs and scheme IDs is established to support subsequent assembly rate calculations and scheme traceability.

[0062] The calculation and scoring unit is used to calculate the assembly rate and score the standard scores for each combination scheme, generating an assembly rate calculation table for each scheme. The calculation and scoring unit includes a component identification module, a scoring weight matching module, and an assembly rate generation module. The assembly rate calculation formula is:

[0063] in, The number of prefabricated components. The BIM model can count the total number of components. The scoring module assigns weighted scores to different component categories based on standard clauses, such as 5 points for beams, 4 points for walls, and 3 points for floor slabs. The final scheme score is the weighted sum of the product of the component weight value and the usage ratio. The final output assembly rate calculation table includes fields such as scheme ID, component composition, assembly rate percentage, usage ratio of each type of component, scoring result, and safety evaluation result.

[0064] The selection unit is used to screen and compare all schemes based on the assembly rate calculation table and the set structural safety and cost thresholds, obtaining N' candidate schemes that meet the requirements, where N'≤N. The selection unit includes a rule filtering module, a sorting engine, and a screening output module. The filtering module eliminates schemes that do not meet the minimum assembly rate or exceed the upper limit of the single component cost. The sorting engine sorts the remaining schemes by a dual weight of assembly rate and score value, prioritizing candidate schemes that balance technical and economic performance. The screening results are output as an index table of N' combined schemes and provide input for the subsequent cost analysis module.

[0065] An incremental cost database construction unit is used to build an incremental cost database, which includes incremental cost information for various types of prefabricated components. This unit includes a component classification index module, a cost data entry module, and a multi-dimensional cost query interface. Cost fields include: prefabricated component unit price, cast-in-place comparison price, transportation difference costs, installation process differences, and loading / unloading machinery resources. The database structure supports the creation of composite indexes based on component type, installation location (main body / exterior), construction technology (dry / wet), and transportation method. This cost database supports dynamic updates and interfaces with the regional cost information center to achieve regular synchronization of component cost data.

[0066] The cost analysis and output unit performs incremental cost analysis on candidate schemes, selects the optimal prefabricated steel structure combination scheme based on the analysis results, and outputs the selected scheme along with its corresponding assembly rate calculation table and cost increment table. This unit includes an incremental cost synthesis module, a cost ranking module, and a recommendation report generation module. The synthesis module maps the incremental cost of each component in the candidate scheme to its component ID and generates overall cost difference data. The ranking module prioritizes schemes in ascending order of total cost per unit area. The recommendation module outputs the final suggested scheme and generates a comparison report in PDF, Excel, XML, and other formats, including a component configuration table, assembly rate statistics table, scoring table, cost analysis charts, standard adaptation records, etc., facilitating direct application by the design team to project decisions.

[0067] In some embodiments, the standard matching unit further includes: The priority matching module is used to prioritize matching local prefabricated building standards based on building location points in GIS data. This module includes administrative division identification units and a standard library query interface. First, it performs reverse geographic analysis based on the building's geographic coordinates extracted from the GIS data to obtain the provincial, municipal, and district / county-level administrative division codes of the project location. The system then performs a mapping query between the administrative code field and the applicable region field in the standard library, searching for the existence of corresponding local standard entries in the order of "district level → municipal level → provincial level," and prioritizing the return of the standard clause set with the highest matching level. To avoid matching failures due to inconsistent administrative levels, this module supports fuzzy matching of standard numbers and handling of redundant region names and aliases. The matching results, along with matching level information and standard version numbers, are written to the standard call record table for subsequent analysis and traceability.

[0068] The rollback matching module is used to roll back to national standards when no corresponding local standard exists. This module is automatically triggered when the priority matching module fails to find a valid entry. It then calls the national standard index library, retrieving national general standards (such as the "Evaluation Standard for Prefabricated Buildings" GB / T51129 and the "Technical Standard for Prefabricated Concrete Buildings") according to project type, building function, and structural form. The rollback matching result will be marked as "General Adaptation Mode" and set as a constraint parameter that cannot participate in local scoring during subsequent scheme generation, to distinguish it from locally customized scoring items. This module also records the rollback reason and missing regional standard information for subsequent project knowledge base updates and standard library maintenance.

[0069] The rule generation module transforms the matched standard information into a parameterized assembly rule set for use by the scheme generation unit. This module includes a standard parsing engine and a parameter template converter, capable of structurally decomposing text-based standard clauses or scoring rule tables into data structures suitable for system calls. Specifically, it extracts assembly rate requirements, component types and scoring weights, node connection methods, and safety verification requirements from the standards, generating a JSON-structured rule set containing multiple parameter key-value pairs. This rule set is stored in an intermediate data buffer and synchronously accessed by the scheme generation module according to logical combination paths, ensuring that standard control logic is embedded in the prefabricated assembly scheme during the generation stage, thus improving the scheme's compliance rate.

[0070] It is understood that the systems, devices, modules, or units described in the above embodiments can be implemented by computer chips or entities, or by products with certain functions. A typical implementation device is a computer, which can be a personal computer, a laptop computer, a personal digital assistant, a tablet computer, a wearable device, or any combination of these devices.

[0071] In a typical configuration, a computer includes one or more processors (CPU), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0072] Memory may include non-persistent storage in computer-readable media, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. Memory is an example of computer-readable media.

[0073] Computer-readable media, including both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media, can store information using any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, disk storage, quantum memory, graphene-based storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transferable medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include transient computer-readable media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0074] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0075] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used to describe various information in one or more embodiments of this specification, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, first information may also be referred to as second information without departing from the scope of one or more embodiments of this specification, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when," "in response to a determination," or "when," or "in the event of a determination."

[0076] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of one or more embodiments of this specification and is not intended to limit the scope of one or more embodiments of this specification. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of one or more embodiments of this specification should be included within the protection scope of one or more embodiments of this specification.

Claims

1. A method for comparing and selecting prefabricated steel structure assembly schemes based on BIM, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Establish a three-dimensional building model of the prefabricated steel structure based on BIM software, extract the component information from the model and encode it, generate a component quantity table, and extract the GIS data of the model. Step S2: Establish a prefabricated building standard library, which includes national standards and local standards from various regions. Match the building location information in the GIS data with the standard library to determine the prefabricated building standards applicable to the target project. Step S3: Based on the matched prefabricated building standards and the preset prefabricated scheme logic library, generate N prefabricated combination schemes, each scheme including a combination of several prefabricated components. Step S4: Interact with the BIM model for each generated scheme, and write the prefabricated component information into the BIM model through parameter attachment and model modification. Step S5: Calculate the assembly rate and standard score for each combination scheme, and generate an assembly rate calculation table for each scheme. Step S6: Based on the assembly rate calculation table and the set structural safety and cost thresholds, screen and compare all the solutions to obtain N' candidate solutions that meet the requirements, where N'≤N; Step S7: Construct an incremental cost library, which includes incremental cost information for various types of prefabricated components; Step S8: Perform incremental cost analysis on the candidate schemes, select the optimal prefabricated steel structure combination scheme based on the analysis results, and output the selected scheme and its corresponding assembly rate calculation table and cost increment table.

2. The method for comparing and selecting prefabricated steel structure assembly schemes based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2 includes the following steps: Step S2-1: Using the building location points in the GIS data, prioritize matching the local prefabricated building standards of the location; Step S2-2: If no corresponding local standard exists, then backtrack to match the national standard; Step S2-3: Convert the matched standard information into a set of parametric assembly rules.

3. The method for comparing and selecting prefabricated steel structure assembly schemes based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 includes the following steps: Step S3-1: Based on the parametric assembly rule set and the prefabricated scheme logic library, select component combinations in the following order: horizontal components, external enclosure components, internal partition walls, decoration and pipelines, and main structural vertical components. Step S3-2: Generate N prefabricated combination schemes based on the combination logic between different component types, wherein the assembly content of each scheme includes no less than three types of component combinations; Step S3-3: Cache the generated prefabricated assembly scheme and mark its assembly path and the standard information used.

4. The method for comparing and selecting prefabricated steel structure assembly schemes based on BIM according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step S4 includes the following steps: Step S4-1: Bind the component information in each scheme of step S3-3 to the corresponding component node of the BIM model through parameter attachment. Step S4-2: When binding fails or finer control is required, replace and update the component attributes in the BIM model using the model modification method; Step S4-3: Establish a two-way mapping table between the scheme and the BIM model.

5. The method for comparing and selecting prefabricated steel structure assembly schemes based on BIM according to claim 4, characterized in that, Step S5 includes the following steps: Step S5-1: Calculate the total number and classification percentage of modular components in each scheme according to component codes; Step S5-2: Calculate the component weight score for each scheme according to the evaluation index corresponding to the prefabricated standard. Step S5-3: Output the assembly rate calculation table for each scheme. The calculation table includes the module component utilization rate, standard matching score and safety index summary results.

6. The method for comparing and selecting prefabricated steel structure assembly schemes based on BIM according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S6 includes the following steps: Step S6-1: Set the minimum assembly rate threshold and the upper limit threshold for each item's cost; Step S6-2: In the preliminary comparison and selection, eliminate prefabricated combination schemes that do not meet structural safety requirements or exceed cost limits; Step S6-3: Based on the assembly rate ranking and standard score weighting results of the remaining solutions, select N' candidate solutions.

7. The method for comparing and selecting prefabricated steel structure assembly schemes based on BIM according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step S7 includes the following steps: Step S7-1: Construct an incremental cost library and establish a multi-level incremental cost index based on the dimensions of component category, component location, construction technology, and transportation method; Step S7-2: The incremental cost information for each prefabricated component includes the difference in production cost, transportation cost, and installation cost compared to traditional cast-in-place components. Step S7-3: Map the component ID to the component quantity table to complete the cost increment extraction.

8. The method for comparing and selecting prefabricated steel structure assembly schemes based on BIM according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step S8 includes the following steps: Step S8-1: For each candidate solution, call the incremental cost library to perform component-level incremental cost totaling and generate a solution-level cost incremental analysis table; Step S8-2: Sort the schemes in the cost increment analysis table in ascending order of total cost; Step S8-3: Select at least one of the best prefabricated steel structure combination schemes to form the final recommended output file, including details of the selected schemes, assembly rate table and incremental cost table.

9. A BIM-based prefabricated steel structure assembly scheme comparison and selection system, characterized in that, The system includes: The modeling and extraction unit is used to create a 3D building model of prefabricated steel structure based on BIM software, extract component information from the model and encode it, generate a component quantity table, and extract GIS data from the model. The standard matching unit is used to establish a prefabricated building standard library that includes national and local standards, and to match the building location information in GIS data with the standard library to determine the prefabricated building standard applicable to the target project. The scheme generation unit is used to generate N prefabricated combination schemes based on the matched prefabricated building standards and prefabricated scheme logic library. Each scheme includes a combination of several prefabricated components. The model interaction unit is used to interact with the prefabricated combination scheme and the BIM model, and write the prefabricated component information into the BIM model through parameter attachment and model modification. The calculation and scoring unit is used to calculate the assembly rate and score the standard for each combination scheme, and generate an assembly rate calculation table for each scheme. The comparison unit is used to screen and compare all the schemes according to the assembly rate calculation table and the set structural safety and cost thresholds, and obtain N' candidate schemes that meet the requirements, where N'≤N; The incremental cost library construction unit is used to build the incremental cost library, which includes incremental cost information for various types of prefabricated components. The cost analysis and output unit is used to perform incremental cost analysis on candidate schemes, select the optimal prefabricated steel structure combination scheme based on the analysis results, and output the selected scheme and its corresponding assembly rate calculation table and cost increment table.

10. The BIM-based prefabricated steel structure assembly scheme comparison system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The standard matching unit further includes: The priority matching module is used to prioritize matching local prefabricated building standards based on building location points in GIS data. The rollback matching module is used to roll back to match national standards when no corresponding local standard exists. The rule generation module is used to convert the matched standard information into a set of parameterized assembly rules for the scheme generation unit to call.

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