Permanent magnet type distribution automation terminal opening and closing signal detection module

Abstract

The invention discloses a permanent magnet type power distribution automation terminal opening and closing signal detection module, and relates to the technical field of power distribution network application. Comprising a forward and reverse driving signal sampling circuit, a photoelectric isolation circuit, a Schmidt shaping circuit, a data processing circuit, a time display circuit, a key detection circuit and a mode selection circuit. The forward and reverse driving signal sampling circuit collects opening and closing signals, the opening and closing signals are subjected to high and low voltage isolation through optoelectronic isolation and Schmidt shaping processing to form standard signals, the standard signals are sent to the data processing circuit to calculate pulse time, the time display circuit displays a result, and the key and mode selection circuit supports display switching and working mode adjustment. The module does not need to depend on a circuit breaker, is small in size and portable, can avoid high-voltage safety risks, remarkably improves the detection precision and efficiency, adopts universal elements, is low in purchase cost, is suitable for terminal production detection and on-site operation and maintenance, can help enterprises save cost and guarantee stable operation of a power distribution network, and has high practical value and application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power distribution network application technology, specifically to a permanent magnet type power distribution automation terminal opening and closing signal detection module. Background Technology

[0002] As smart distribution networks upgrade towards high efficiency and reliability, permanent magnet distribution automation terminals, as the core unit driving permanent magnet pole-mounted circuit breakers, directly impact the safety of the distribution network with their opening and closing signal performance and pulse time accuracy. Abnormal signals or pulse time deviations from standards can easily lead to switch failures or malfunctions, causing power outages or equipment failures. Therefore, opening and closing signal detection is crucial in terminal production and maintenance.

[0003] Current industry testing technologies have significant shortcomings: First, they rely on permanent magnet pole-mounted circuit breakers for linkage testing. These circuit breakers are large and heavy, requiring auxiliary devices. Workshop testing necessitates setting up fixed test benches, resulting in long preparation times. On-site maintenance cannot utilize portable testing; the circuit breakers must be disassembled and returned to the terminal, leading to lengthy troubleshooting cycles. Second, there is no high-low voltage isolation design. The terminal's opening and closing signals are high-voltage, and direct sampling can easily introduce low-voltage circuits, posing a risk of equipment burnout or electric shock. Furthermore, power grid noise can interfere with the sampled waveform, affecting signal recognition. Third, there is no signal shaping processing. Even when sampling with an oscilloscope, waveform distortion can cause pulse time detection errors exceeding industry standards, and simple filtering cannot correct these waveform problems. Fourth, they rely on manual operation, requiring manual start commands, data reading and calculation, and equipment adjustments, which is inefficient and prone to errors. Fifth, there is a lack of protection; overcurrent and overvoltage can easily damage components, resulting in short device lifespan and poor stability.

[0004] These shortcomings cannot meet the needs of power distribution network testing. However, this invention can solve the above problems by integrating circuits for forward and reverse sampling, opto-isolation, signal shaping, and automatic data processing, providing the industry with a reliable and efficient dedicated testing solution. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a permanent magnet type power distribution automation terminal opening and closing signal detection module to overcome the shortcomings of traditional detection that rely on bulky permanent magnet pole-mounted circuit breakers, lack of high and low voltage isolation which poses safety hazards, low accuracy due to signal distortion, poor efficiency of manual operation and lack of protection, and to achieve portable, safe, accurate and efficient detection of opening and closing signals and pulse time.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solution: a permanent magnet type power distribution automation terminal opening and closing signal detection module, including a forward and reverse drive signal sampling circuit, an opto-isolation circuit, a Schmitt trigger shaping circuit, a data processing circuit, a time display circuit, a key detection circuit, and a mode selection circuit. The output terminal of the forward and reverse drive signal sampling circuit is connected to the opto-isolation circuit, the output terminal of the opto-isolation circuit is connected to the Schmitt trigger shaping circuit, the output terminal of the Schmitt trigger shaping circuit is connected to the data processing circuit, and the data processing circuit is connected to the time display circuit, the key detection circuit, and the mode selection circuit.

[0007] Preferably, the forward and reverse drive signal sampling circuit includes a closing sampling section and a closing sampling section;

[0008] The closing sampling section consists of connector J4, fuse F1, rectifier diode D10, current-limiting resistor R31, Zener diode DZ1, optocoupler U11, rectifier diode D13, protection diode D11, rectifier diode D12, and filter capacitor C32. The positive output terminal XQ+ of connector J4 is connected to the positive terminal of rectifier diode D10 through fuse F1, and the negative output terminal XQ- of connector J4 is connected to the negative terminal of rectifier diode D13. The negative terminal of rectifier diode D10 is connected to one end of protection diode D11 and the negative terminal of Zener diode DZ1 through current-limiting resistor R31. The positive terminal of rectifier diode D13 is connected to the other end of protection diode D11 and the positive terminal of rectifier diode D12. The negative terminal of rectifier diode D12 is connected to the positive terminal of Zener diode DZ1. The filter capacitor C32 is connected in parallel across rectifier diode D12.

[0009] The circuit breaker sampling section consists of a fuse F2, a rectifier diode D14, a current-limiting resistor R34, a Zener diode DZ2, an optocoupler U13, a rectifier diode D17, a protection diode D15, a rectifier diode D16, and a filter capacitor C34. The negative output terminal XQ- of the connector J4 is connected to the positive terminal of the rectifier diode D14 through the fuse F2. The positive output terminal XQ+ of the connector J4 is connected to the negative terminal of the rectifier diode D17. The negative terminal of the rectifier diode D14 is connected to one end of the protection diode D15 and the negative terminal of the Zener diode DZ2 through the current-limiting resistor R34. The positive terminal of the rectifier diode D17 is connected to the other end of the protection diode D11 and the positive terminal of the rectifier diode D16. The negative terminal of the rectifier diode D16 is connected to the positive terminal of the Zener diode DZ2. The filter capacitor C34 is connected in parallel across the two ends of the rectifier diode D16.

[0010] Preferably, the opto-isolation circuit is composed of optocouplers U11 and U13, resistors R30, R32, R35, and R36, and filter capacitors C33 and C35.

[0011] The anode of the LED in the optocoupler U11 is connected to the cathode of the rectifier diode D12, and the cathode of the LED in the optocoupler U11 is connected to the anode of the rectifier diode D12. The collector of the photosensitive element in the optocoupler U11 is connected to one end of resistor R30 and one end of resistor R32. The emitter of the photosensitive element in the optocoupler U11 is grounded. The other end of resistor R30 is connected to a 3.3V DC power supply. The other end of resistor R32 is connected to one end of capacitor C33. The other end of capacitor C33 is grounded.

[0012] The anode of the LED in the optocoupler U13 is connected to the cathode of the rectifier diode D12, and the cathode of the LED in the optocoupler U13 is connected to the anode of the rectifier diode D12. The collector of the photosensitive element in the optocoupler U13 is connected to one end of resistor R35 and one end of resistor R36. The emitter of the photosensitive element in the optocoupler U13 is grounded. The other end of resistor R35 is connected to a 3.3V DC power supply. The other end of resistor R36 is connected to one end of capacitor C35. The other end of capacitor C35 is grounded.

[0013] Preferably, the Schmitt trigger shaping circuit is composed of shaping chips U10 and U12 integrated circuits, with the other end of resistor R32 connected to shaping chip U10 and the other end of resistor R36 connected to shaping chip U12.

[0014] Preferably, the data processing circuit includes a microcontroller U1, a resistor R16, a crystal oscillator X1, and resonant capacitors C1 and C2. The resistor R16 and the crystal oscillator X1 are connected in parallel, with their two ends connected to the microcontroller U1. The two ends of the resistor R16 and the crystal oscillator X1 are connected to one end of the resonant capacitor C1 and one end of the resonant capacitor C2, respectively. The other ends of the resonant capacitors C1 and C2 are grounded. The output terminals HZ_IN of the shaping chip U10 and FZ_IN of the shaping chip U12 are connected to the microcontroller U1.

[0015] Preferably, the time display circuit is composed of LED driver integrated circuit U14, LED display modules U15 and U16; the input terminals LED1_SDA and LED1_SCL of the LED driver integrated circuit U14 are connected to the microcontroller U1, and the output terminals of the LED driver integrated circuit U14 are connected to the LED display modules U15 and U16.

[0016] Preferably, the button detection circuit consists of buttons SW1 and SW2, resistors R21 and R15, filter capacitors C9 and C3, and protection transistors D2 and D1; wherein button SW2, resistor R21, filter capacitor C9, and protection transistor D2 constitute the opening button circuit, and button SW1, resistor R15, filter capacitor C3, and protection transistor D1 constitute the closing button circuit.

[0017] One end of the button SW2 is grounded, and the other end of the button SW2 is connected to one end of the resistor R21, one end of the filter capacitor C9, one end of the protection tube D2 and the microcontroller U1. The other end of the resistor R21 is connected to a 3.3V DC power supply, and the other ends of the filter capacitor C9 and the protection tube D2 are both grounded.

[0018] One end of the button SW1 is grounded, and the other end of the button SW1 is connected to one end of resistor R15, one end of filter capacitor C3, one end of protection tube D1 and microcontroller U1. The other end of resistor R15 is connected to a 3.3V DC power supply, and the other ends of filter capacitor C3 and protection tube D1 are both grounded.

[0019] Preferably, the mode selection circuit consists of resistors R54, R55, and R56, a protection transistor D22, and a selection switch SW7. One end of resistor R54 is connected to a 3.3V DC power supply, and the other end of resistor R54 is connected to one of the selected terminals of the selection switch SW7. One end of resistor R55 is grounded, and the other end of resistor R55 is connected to the other selected terminal of the selection switch SW7. The selection terminal of the selection switch SW7 is connected to one end of resistor R56 and one end of protection transistor D22. The other end of resistor R56 is connected to the microcontroller U1, and the other end of protection transistor D22 is grounded.

[0020] Preferably, the input terminals LED1_SDA and LED1_SCL of the LED driver integrated circuit U14 are connected to a 3.3V DC power supply through pull-up resistors R7 and R6, respectively.

[0021] Preferably, the microcontroller U1 is also connected to a working indicator circuit, a closing indicator circuit, and a closing indicator circuit;

[0022] The closing indicator circuit includes a light-emitting diode LED1 and a resistor R2. The negative terminal of the light-emitting diode LED1 is connected to the microcontroller U1, and the positive terminal of the light-emitting diode LED1 is connected to a 3.3V DC power supply through the resistor R2.

[0023] The circuit breaker indicator circuit includes a light-emitting diode LED2 and a resistor R3. The negative terminal of the light-emitting diode LED2 is connected to the microcontroller U1, and the positive terminal of the light-emitting diode LED2 is connected to a 3.3V DC power supply through the resistor R3.

[0024] The working indicator circuit includes a light-emitting diode LED3 and a resistor R8. The negative terminal of the light-emitting diode LED3 is connected to the microcontroller U1, and the positive terminal of the light-emitting diode LED3 is connected to a 3.3V DC power supply through the resistor R8.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned technical solution of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] This invention features a simple circuit structure, universal electronic components, and low component cost. The circuit boasts high-voltage protection, opto-isolation, anti-maloperation capabilities, high detection sensitivity, and manual control, making it widely applicable to permanent magnet type distribution automation feeder terminals in various power systems. It plays a crucial role in enabling rapid opening and closing coil control signal detection in feeder automation systems. It overcomes the shortcomings of traditional switch detection methods, such as large size, heavy weight, difficulty in portability, high cost of setting up detection environments, and short service life. It offers numerous advantages, including reliable operation, stability, and high efficiency. This provides an effective method and tool for reliable testing of terminal equipment, improving both social and economic benefits.

[0027] 1. This invention achieves complete electrical isolation between the high-voltage sampling side and the low-voltage processing side through an opto-isolation circuit, completely avoiding the risk of equipment burnout or electric shock caused by high voltage entering the low-voltage circuit in traditional detection. The Schmitt trigger shaping circuit can shape the distorted signal into a standard rectangular wave, which, together with the stable clock of the data processing circuit, significantly reduces the detection error of the opening and closing pulse time, meeting the high precision requirements of the industry. At the same time, the forward and reverse drive signal sampling circuit integrates fuses, voltage regulators, and protection diodes, forming multiple protections to avoid damage to components due to overcurrent and overvoltage, significantly improving the module's service life and operational stability, and solving the problems of easy failure and short lifespan of traditional simple devices.

[0028] 2. This invention automatically calculates pulse time through data processing circuit, presents the results intuitively through LED display module, and supports one-click switching through button and mode selection circuit. It eliminates the reliance on manual operation in traditional detection, shortens the single detection time, and reduces human error. Moreover, the components used are universal and have low procurement costs, which can save costs for power distribution automation terminal manufacturing and maintenance companies and ensure the reliable operation of power distribution network. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 The schematic diagram shows the forward and reverse drive signal sampling circuit, opto-isolation circuit, and Schmitt trigger shaping circuit of this invention.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the time display circuit of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the data processing circuit of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] like Figure 1 , 2As shown in Figure 3, a permanent magnet type power distribution automation terminal opening and closing signal detection module includes a forward and reverse drive signal sampling circuit, an opto-isolation circuit, a Schmitt trigger circuit, a data processing circuit, a time display circuit, a key detection circuit, and a mode selection circuit. The output of the forward and reverse drive signal sampling circuit is connected to the opto-isolation circuit, the output of the opto-isolation circuit is connected to the Schmitt trigger circuit, the output of the Schmitt trigger circuit is connected to the data processing circuit, and the data processing circuit is connected to the time display circuit, the key detection circuit, and the mode selection circuit.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, the forward and reverse drive signal sampling circuit includes a closing sampling section and a closing sampling section;

[0035] The closing sampling section consists of connector J4, fuse F1, rectifier diode D10, current-limiting resistor R31, Zener diode DZ1, optocoupler U11, rectifier diode D13, protection diode D11, rectifier diode D12, and filter capacitor C32. The positive output terminal XQ+ of connector J4 is connected to the positive terminal of rectifier diode D10 through fuse F1, and the negative output terminal XQ- of connector J4 is connected to the negative terminal of rectifier diode D13. The negative terminal of rectifier diode D10 is connected to one end of protection diode D11 and the negative terminal of Zener diode DZ1 through current-limiting resistor R31. The positive terminal of rectifier diode D13 is connected to the other end of protection diode D11 and the positive terminal of rectifier diode D12. The negative terminal of rectifier diode D12 is connected to the positive terminal of Zener diode DZ1. Filter capacitor C32 is connected in parallel across rectifier diode D12.

[0036] The circuit breaker sampling section consists of fuse F2, rectifier diode D14, current-limiting resistor R34, Zener diode DZ2, optocoupler U13, rectifier diode D17, protection diode D15, rectifier diode D16, and filter capacitor C34. The negative output terminal XQ- of connector J4 is connected to the positive terminal of rectifier diode D14 through fuse F2, and the positive output terminal XQ+ of connector J4 is connected to the negative terminal of rectifier diode D17. The negative terminal of rectifier diode D14 is connected to one end of protection diode D15 and the negative terminal of Zener diode DZ2 through current-limiting resistor R34. The positive terminal of rectifier diode D17 is connected to the other end of protection diode D11 and the positive terminal of rectifier diode D16. The negative terminal of rectifier diode D16 is connected to the positive terminal of Zener diode DZ2. Filter capacitor C34 is connected in parallel across rectifier diode D16.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the opto-isolation circuit consists of optocouplers U11 and U13, resistors R30, R32, R35, and R36, and filter capacitors C33 and C35.

[0038] The anode of the LED in optocoupler U11 is connected to the negative terminal of rectifier diode D12, and the cathode of the LED in optocoupler U11 is connected to the positive terminal of rectifier diode D12. The collector of the photosensitive element in optocoupler U11 is connected to one end of resistor R30 and one end of R32. The emitter of the photosensitive element in optocoupler U11 is grounded. The other end of resistor R30 is connected to a 3.3V DC power supply, and the other end of resistor R32 is connected to one end of capacitor C33. The other end of capacitor C33 is grounded.

[0039] The anode of the LED in optocoupler U13 is connected to the negative terminal of rectifier diode D12, and the cathode of the LED in optocoupler U13 is connected to the positive terminal of rectifier diode D12. The collector of the photosensitive element in optocoupler U13 is connected to one end of resistor R35 and one end of R36. The emitter of the photosensitive element in optocoupler U13 is grounded. The other end of resistor R35 is connected to a 3.3V DC power supply, and the other end of resistor R36 is connected to one end of capacitor C35. The other end of capacitor C35 is grounded.

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, the Schmitt trigger shaping circuit is composed of shaping chips U10 and U12 integrated circuits. The other end of resistor R32 is connected to shaping chip U10, and the other end of resistor R36 is connected to shaping chip U12.

[0041] like Figure 3 As shown, the data processing circuit includes a microcontroller U1, a resistor R16, a crystal oscillator X1, and resonant capacitors C1 and C2. The resistor R16 and the crystal oscillator X1 are connected in parallel, with their two ends connected to the microcontroller U1. The two ends of the parallel connection of the resistor R16 and the crystal oscillator X1 are connected to one end of the resonant capacitor C1 and one end of the resonant capacitor C2, respectively. The other ends of the resonant capacitors C1 and C2 are grounded. The output terminals HZ_IN of the shaping chip U10 and FZ_IN of the shaping chip U12 are connected to the microcontroller U1.

[0042] like Figure 2 As shown, the time display circuit consists of LED driver integrated circuit U14, LED display modules U15 and U16; the input terminals LED1_SDA and LED1_SCL of LED driver integrated circuit U14 are connected to microcontroller U1, and the output terminals of LED driver integrated circuit U14 are connected to LED display modules U15 and U16.

[0043] like Figure 3 As shown, the button detection circuit consists of buttons SW1 and SW2, resistors R21 and R15, filter capacitors C9 and C3, and protection transistors D2 and D1; among them, button SW2, resistor R21, filter capacitor C9, and protection transistor D2 constitute the opening button circuit, and button SW1, resistor R15, filter capacitor C3, and protection transistor D1 constitute the closing button circuit.

[0044] One end of button SW2 is grounded, and the other end of button SW2 is connected to one end of resistor R21, one end of filter capacitor C9, one end of protection tube D2 and microcontroller U1. The other end of resistor R21 is connected to a 3.3V DC power supply, and the other ends of filter capacitor C9 and protection tube D2 are both grounded.

[0045] One end of button SW1 is grounded, and the other end of button SW1 is connected to one end of resistor R15, one end of filter capacitor C3, one end of protection tube D1 and microcontroller U1. The other end of resistor R15 is connected to a 3.3V DC power supply, and the other ends of filter capacitor C3 and protection tube D1 are both grounded.

[0046] like Figure 3 As shown, the mode selection circuit consists of resistors R54, R55, and R56, a protection transistor D22, and a selection switch SW7. One end of resistor R54 is connected to a 3.3V DC power supply, and the other end of resistor R54 is connected to one of the selected terminals of the selection switch SW7. One end of resistor R55 is grounded, and the other end of resistor R55 is connected to the other selected terminal of the selection switch SW7. The selection terminal of the selection switch SW7 is connected to one end of resistor R56 and one end of protection transistor D22. The other end of resistor R56 is connected to the microcontroller U1, and the other end of protection transistor D22 is grounded.

[0047] like Figure 3 As shown, the input terminals LED1_SDA and LED1_SCL of the LED driver integrated circuit U14 are connected to a 3.3V DC power supply through pull-up resistors R7 and R6, respectively.

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown, the microcontroller U1 is also connected to the working indicator circuit, the closing indicator circuit, and the opening indicator circuit;

[0049] The closing indicator circuit includes LED1 and resistor R2. The negative terminal of LED1 is connected to the microcontroller U1, and the positive terminal of LED1 is connected to a 3.3V DC power supply through resistor R2.

[0050] The circuit breaker indicator circuit includes LED2 and resistor R3. The negative terminal of LED2 is connected to the microcontroller U1, and the positive terminal of LED2 is connected to a 3.3V DC power supply through resistor R3.

[0051] The working indicator circuit includes LED3 and resistor R8. The negative terminal of LED3 is connected to the microcontroller U1, and the positive terminal of LED3 is connected to a 3.3V DC power supply through resistor R8.

[0052] The core of this invention is to achieve accurate detection of the opening and closing signals and pulse timing of permanent magnet power distribution automation terminals through a process of "signal acquisition → isolation filtering → shaping processing → data calculation → display control → manual interaction". The specific working principle is analyzed in stages with reference to the circuit as follows:

[0053] I. Opening and closing signal acquisition (forward and reverse drive signal sampling circuit)

[0054] The circuit acquires high-voltage control signals from the opening / closing coils of the power distribution automation terminal, and uses circuit components to achieve overcurrent protection, unidirectional signal selection, voltage regulation, and filtering, providing a stable raw signal for subsequent processing. The core circuit components and their functions are as follows:

[0055] 1. Signal access and overcurrent protection: The opening and closing signals of the power distribution automation terminal are accessed through connector J4 (positive XQ+, negative XQ-).

[0056] The closing signal path is: XQ+ → Fuse F1 (to prevent the subsequent circuit from burning out due to overcurrent) → Rectifier diode D10 (using the unidirectional conduction characteristic, only the positive closing signal is allowed to pass through, avoiding reverse interference).

[0057] The trip signal path is: XQ → Fuse F2 (same as F1, overcurrent protection) → Rectifier diode D14 (only the positive trip signal is allowed to pass through).

[0058] 2. Current limiting and voltage regulation:

[0059] On the closing side: The output signal of D10 passes through the current limiting resistor R31 (limiting the current within a safe range to protect the Zener diode and optocoupler) → connected to the negative terminal of the Zener diode DZ1 (stabilizing the signal voltage at a preset value to avoid voltage fluctuations affecting sampling accuracy).

[0060] On the tripping side: The output signal of D14 is connected to the negative terminal of Zener diode DZ2 via current limiting resistor R34 (same as DZ1, for voltage regulation).

[0061] 3. Signal rectification and filtering:

[0062] On the closing side: XQ is simultaneously connected to the negative terminal of rectifier diode D13. The positive terminal of D13 and the output terminal of R31 are connected to the protection tube D11 (clamping voltage to prevent damage to components by voltage spikes). After passing through rectifier diode D12 (further straightening the signal direction), it passes through the parallel filter capacitor C32 (filtering out high-frequency noise and outputting a stable closing sampling signal).

[0063] On the tripping side: XQ+ is simultaneously connected to the negative terminal of rectifier diode D17. The positive terminal of D17 and the output terminal of R34 are connected to the protection tube D15, and then through rectifier diode D16 → parallel filter capacitor C34 (same as C32, outputting a stable tripping sampling signal).

[0064] Finally, this stage outputs a stable and safe high-voltage sampling signal for opening / closing, providing input for subsequent isolation circuits.

[0065] II. Signal Isolation and Preliminary Filtering (Opto-isolation Circuit)

[0066] Since the acquired signal is a high-voltage signal (voltage of the power distribution terminal drive coil), while the subsequent data processing circuit is low-voltage (3.3V), this stage requires opto-isolation to achieve electrical isolation between the high and low voltages (to prevent high-voltage interference from burning out low-voltage components), and simultaneously convert the high-voltage signal into a low-voltage digital signal prototype. The core components and their functions are as follows (the opening and closing sides are symmetrical; taking the closing side U11 as an example):

[0067] 1.1 Optoelectronic coupling conversion:

[0068] On the closing side: The two ends of the LED of optocoupler U11 are connected to the two ends of rectifier diode D12 (i.e., the acquired smooth closing signal). When the closing signal is present, the LED is turned on and emits light; when there is no signal, the LED is turned off.

[0069] The collector of the photosensitive element (light-receiving side) of U11 is connected to both resistor R30 (one end connected to a 3.3V DC power supply, pull-up resistor) and R32, while the emitter is grounded.

[0070] When a light-emitting diode emits light, the photosensitive element is turned on, and the collector level is pulled low (output low level).

[0071] When the LED is off, the photosensitive element is disconnected, and the collector is pulled up to a high level through R30.

[0072] On the tripping side: The light-emitting diode of optocoupler U13 is connected to both ends of rectifier diode D16, and the collector of photosensitive element is connected to R35 (pull-up) and R36. The working logic is completely consistent with that of U11, and the output tripping signal corresponds to the high and low levels.

[0073] 1.2 Signal filtering after isolation: Filter capacitors C33 and C35 are connected in parallel at the output terminals of resistors R32 and R36 respectively to filter out high-frequency interference generated during photoelectric conversion and output a cleaner low-voltage signal. R32 and C33 form a low-pass filter circuit before shaping on the closing side, and R36 and C35 form a low-pass filter circuit before shaping on the opening side.

[0074] This stage outputs low-voltage high-low level signals synchronized with the opening and closing signals, and achieves high-low voltage isolation to ensure the safety of subsequent circuits.

[0075] III. Signal Shaping (Schmitt Shaping Circuit)

[0076] The low-voltage signal after opto-isolation may exhibit waveform jitter (such as non-sharp level transitions and residual noise), which can easily lead to misinterpretation if directly fed into the microcontroller. At this stage, a Schmitt trigger circuit shapes the signal into a standard rectangular wave, ensuring accurate microcontroller recognition. Core circuit components and their functions:

[0077] Schmidt shaping chips U10 (closing side) and U12 (opening side):

[0078] On the closing side: The input of U10 is connected to the output of R32 (the isolated closing low-voltage signal). Through the Schmitt trigger characteristic, the jittering signal is shaped into a steep high / low level rectangular wave. The output HZ_IN is directly connected to the corresponding pin of the microcontroller U1.

[0079] On the tripping side: the input of U12 is connected to the output of R36 (the isolated tripping low-voltage signal), and similarly shaped into a standard rectangular wave. The output FZ_IN is connected to the other corresponding pin of the microcontroller U1.

[0080] IV. Data Processing and Core Control (Data Processing Circuit)

[0081] Using microcontroller U1 as the core, this circuit realizes the calculation of opening and closing pulse times, reception of external signals (button / mode selection), display, and indication control. Core components and their functions:

[0082] Crystal X1 is connected in parallel with resonant capacitors C1 and C2 and then connected to the clock pin of microcontroller U1 to provide a stable clock signal for the microcontroller (ensuring timing accuracy, as the calculation of opening and closing times depends on a high-precision clock); resistor R16 is connected in parallel with crystal X1 to stabilize the crystal oscillation frequency and prevent clock drift.

[0083] The microcontroller U1 receives standard rectangular waves through the HZ_IN (closing) and FZ_IN (opening) pins, detects the rising edge (signal from low to high, representing the start of the opening / closing action) and falling edge (signal from high to low, representing the end of the opening / closing action), and calculates the time difference between the two edges by clock counting, that is, the opening / closing action pulse time.

[0084] The microcontroller U1 outputs signals to control three sets of indicator circuits:

[0085] Closing indication: When a closing signal is detected, the microcontroller controls the LED1 (connected to the current-limiting resistor R2) to turn on and light up, indicating that the current closing detection state is in progress.

[0086] Opening indicator: When an opening signal is detected, LED2 (connected in series with R3) is turned on to indicate the opening detection status;

[0087] Operation Instructions: The microcontroller controls LED3 (connected in series with R8) to blink by periodically outputting high and low levels, indicating that the module is in normal working condition.

[0088] V. Test Result Display (Time Display Circuit)

[0089] The opening and closing times calculated by the microcontroller are displayed intuitively via LED modules for inspection personnel to read. Core circuit components and their functions:

[0090] The microcontroller U1 transmits the opening and closing time data to the LED driver integrated circuit U14 through the I2C communication interface (LED1_SDA: data line, LED1_SCL: clock line);

[0091] The data line LED1_SDA and the clock line LED1_SCL are connected in series with pull-up resistors R7 and R6 (one end connected to 3.3V) to ensure the stability of I2C communication (to avoid signal attenuation leading to data transmission errors).

[0092] After receiving the time data from the microcontroller, the LED driver integrated circuit U14 converts it into a drive signal that can be recognized by the LED display modules U15 and U16, controlling U15 and U16 to light up the corresponding segment code and display the specific opening and closing time.

[0093] VI. Manual Interaction Control (Button Detection Circuit + Mode Selection Circuit)

[0094] Manual intervention is achieved through buttons and mode switches to meet the needs of different detection scenarios (such as manually switching display content and selecting automatic / manual mode).

[0095] 6.1 Key detection circuit (manual display switching)

[0096] The circuit consists of a closing button SW1, a closing button SW2, and related components. The core functionality is achieved through a pull-up resistor and button grounding to trigger the circuit.

[0097] The closing button SW1 is connected to ground at one end and simultaneously to resistor R15 (pull-up, one end connected to 3.3V), filter capacitor C3 (one end grounded), protection tube D1 (one end grounded) and the microcontroller U1 pin at the other end.

[0098] When not pressed: R15 pulls the pin level high, and the microcontroller recognizes it as not triggered;

[0099] When pressed: the pin is grounded through SW1, the level becomes low, the microcontroller recognizes the closing button trigger, and controls the LED display module to switch to closing time display.

[0100] The trip button SW2 has the same structure as SW1 (with R21, C9, and D2). When pressed, the microcontroller controls the display to switch to the trip time.

[0101] The auxiliary components serve as: filter capacitors C3 and C9 to filter out mechanical jitter interference when the button is pressed, and protection transistors D1 and D2 to prevent damage to the pins due to overvoltage.

[0102] 6.2 Mode Selection Circuit (Switching Operating Modes)

[0103] Switching between "automatic detection mode" and "manual switching mode" via selector switch SW7, the core mechanism uses the level signals provided by different resistors to allow the microcontroller to identify the mode.

[0104] Switch SW7 has two selectable terminals: one terminal is connected to resistor R54 (pull-up, connected to 3.3V), and the other terminal is connected to resistor R55 (pull-down, ground).

[0105] Select "Automatic Detection Mode": Connect SW7 to R54, and pull the corresponding pin of the microcontroller to a high level through R54. The module will automatically detect the opening and closing signals and display the corresponding time in real time.

[0106] Select "Manual Switching Mode": Connect SW7 to R55, and pull the pin down to a low level through R55. The module will only display the corresponding time when SW1 / SW2 is manually pressed.

[0107] Protection tube D22: Connected in parallel between the SW7 select terminal and ground to prevent voltage spikes from damaging the microcontroller pins.

[0108] In summary, this invention acquires the closing or opening coil control signal through a high-voltage drive signal sampling circuit. The unidirectional conduction characteristic of the rectifier diodes allows for unidirectional selection of the closing and opening signals. The processed closing and opening signals are then shaped by a filter circuit, an optocoupler circuit, and a Schmitt trigger circuit before being sent to the MCU processing unit for data processing. The calculated closing and opening times are displayed via an LED display circuit. The detection module described in this invention is easy to operate and can quickly detect the closing and opening signals and pulse duration of the pole-mounted circuit breaker controller. It is suitable for pole-mounted circuit breaker controller manufacturers or power grid equipment procurement centers to detect the controller's closing and opening signals. It provides a reliable detection solution for the efficient testing of pole-mounted circuit breaker controllers, ensuring the functional effectiveness of the pole-mounted circuit breaker controller during product manufacturing.

[0109] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A permanent magnet type power distribution automation terminal opening and closing signal detection module, characterized in that, The circuit comprises positive and negative driving signal sampling circuit, photoelectric isolation circuit, Schmitt trigger circuit, data processing circuit, time display circuit, key detection circuit and mode selection circuit.

2. The permanent magnet type power distribution automation terminal opening and closing signal detection module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positive and negative driving signal sampling circuit comprises closing sampling part and opening sampling part. The closing sampling part is composed of connector seat J4, fuse F1, rectifier diode D10, current limiting resistor R31, stabilizing diode DZ1, photoelectric coupler U11, rectifier diode D13, protection tube D11, rectifier diode D12 and filter capacitor C32. The opening sampling part is composed of fuse F2, rectifier diode D14, current limiting resistor R34, stabilizing diode DZ2, photoelectric coupler U13, rectifier diode D17, protection tube D15, rectifier diode D16 and filter capacitor C34.

3. The permanent magnet type power distribution automation terminal opening and closing signal detection module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The photoelectric isolation circuit is composed of photoelectric coupler U11, U13, resistors R30, R32, R35, R36, filter capacitors C33 and C35. The anode of the photoelectric coupler U11 is connected with the negative electrode of the rectifier diode D12, the cathode of the photoelectric coupler U11 is connected with the positive electrode of the rectifier diode D12, the collector of the photosensitive element of the photoelectric coupler U11 is connected with one end of the resistor R30 and one end of the resistor R32, the emitter of the photosensitive element of the photoelectric coupler U11 is grounded, the other end of the resistor R30 is connected with a 3.3V direct current power supply, the other end of the resistor R32 is connected with one end of the capacitor C33, and the other end of the capacitor C33 is grounded. The optoelectronic coupler U13 light emitting diode anode connects the negative pole of the rectifier diode D12, the optoelectronic coupler U13 light emitting diode cathode connects the positive pole of the rectifier diode D12, the optoelectronic coupler U13 photosensitive element collector connects one end of the resistor R35 and one end of the resistor R36, the optoelectronic coupler U13 photosensitive element emitter is grounded, the other end of the resistor R35 is connected with a 3.3V direct current power supply, one end of the capacitor C35 is connected with the other end of the resistor R36, and the other end of the capacitor C35 is grounded.

4. The permanent magnet type power distribution automation terminal opening and closing signal detection module according to claim 3, characterized in that, The Schmidt shaping circuit is composed of shaping chips U10 and U12 integrated circuits, and the other end of the resistor R32 is connected with the shaping chip U10, and the other end of the resistor R36 is connected with the shaping chip U12.

5. The permanent magnet type power distribution automation terminal opening and closing signal detection module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The data processing circuit comprises a single-chip microcomputer U1, a resistor R16, a crystal oscillator X1, and resonance capacitors C1 and C2, the resistor R16 and the crystal oscillator X1 are connected in parallel, and the two ends of the parallel connection are respectively connected with the single-chip microcomputer U1, the two ends of the parallel connection of the resistor R16 and the crystal oscillator X1 are respectively connected with one end of the resonance capacitor C1 and one end of the resonance capacitor C2, and the other end of the resonance capacitor C1 and the other end of the resonance capacitor C2 are grounded; and the output end HZ_IN of the shaping chip U10 and the output end FZ_IN of the shaping chip U12 are connected with the single-chip microcomputer U1.

6. The permanent-magnet power distribution automation terminal opening and closing signal detection module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The time display circuit is composed of an LED driving integrated circuit U14 and LED display modules U15 and U16; the input end LED1_SDA and the input end LED1_SCL of the LED driving integrated circuit U14 are connected with the single-chip microcomputer U1, and the output end of the LED driving integrated circuit U14 is connected with the LED display modules U15 and U16.

7. The permanent-magnet power distribution automation terminal opening and closing signal detection module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The key detection circuit is composed of keys SW1 and SW2, resistors R21 and R15, filter capacitors C9 and C3, and protection tubes D2 and D1; wherein the key SW2, the resistor R21, the filter capacitor C9, and the protection tube D2 constitute a gate opening key circuit, and the key SW1, the resistor R15, the filter capacitor C3, and the protection tube D1 constitute a gate closing key circuit. One end of the key SW2 is grounded, and the other end of the key SW2 is connected with one end of the resistor R21, one end of the filter capacitor C9, one end of the protection tube D2, and the single-chip microcomputer U1; the other end of the resistor R21 is connected with a 3.3V direct current power supply, and the other end of the filter capacitor C9 and the other end of the protection tube D2 are both grounded. One end of the key SW1 is grounded, and the other end of the key SW1 is connected with one end of the resistor R15, one end of the filter capacitor C3, one end of the protection tube D1, and the single-chip microcomputer U1; the other end of the resistor R15 is connected with a 3.3V direct current power supply, and the other end of the filter capacitor C3 and the other end of the protection tube D1 are both grounded.

8. The permanent-magnet power distribution automation terminal opening and closing signal detection module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mode selection circuit is composed of resistors R54, R55, R56, protection tube D22 and selection switch SW7, one end of the resistor R54 is connected with 3.3V DC power supply, the other end of the resistor R54 is connected with one selected end of the selection switch SW7, one end of the resistor R55 is connected with the ground, the other end of the resistor R55 is connected with the other selected end of the selection switch SW7, the selected end of the selection switch SW7 is connected with one end of the resistor R56 and one end of the protection tube D22, the other end of the resistor R56 is connected with the single-chip microcomputer U1, the other end of the protection tube D22 is connected with the ground.

9. The permanent-magnet power distribution automation terminal opening and closing signal detection module according to claim 6, characterized in that, The input ends LED1_SDA and LED1_SCL of the LED driving integrated circuit U14 are connected with 3.3V DC power supply through pull-up resistors R7 and R6 respectively.

10. The permanent-magnet power distribution automation terminal opening and closing signal detection module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The single-chip microcomputer U1 is also connected with working indication circuit, closing indication circuit and opening indication circuit; The closing indication circuit comprises light emitting diode LED1 and resistor R2, the negative electrode of the light emitting diode LED1 is connected with the single-chip microcomputer U1, the positive electrode of the light emitting diode LED1 is connected with 3.3V DC power supply through the resistor R2; The opening indication circuit comprises light emitting diode LED2 and resistor R3, the negative electrode of the light emitting diode LED2 is connected with the single-chip microcomputer U1, the positive electrode of the light emitting diode LED2 is connected with 3.3V DC power supply through the resistor R3; The working indication circuit comprises light emitting diode LED3 and resistor R8, the negative electrode of the light emitting diode LED3 is connected with the single-chip microcomputer U1, the positive electrode of the light emitting diode LED3 is connected with 3.3V DC power supply through the resistor R8.

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