Multi-source heat storage and release based greenhouse environment comprehensive regulation system and greenhouse

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of facility environment regulation and greenhouse energy saving, and provides a greenhouse environment comprehensive regulation system based on multi-source heat storage and release and a greenhouse. The greenhouse environment comprehensive regulation system based on multi-source heat storage and release is used for regulating the temperature in the greenhouse and comprises a wet curtain ventilation and ground heat exchange device, a solar water-soil heat collection device, a water body passive heat storage and release device, a heat storage wall and a control equipment. The greenhouse environment comprehensive regulation system based on multi-source heat storage and release can solve the problems that the existing greenhouse has insufficient heat storage capacity, low light and heat resource utilization efficiency, poor temperature regulation effect and difficulty in guaranteeing the year-round efficient and high-quality production of the greenhouse crops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the fields of facility environmental control and greenhouse energy conservation technology, and in particular to a greenhouse environmental integrated control system and greenhouse based on multi-source heat storage and release. Background Technology

[0002] In facility agriculture production, plastic greenhouses are widely used due to their simple structure, low construction cost, and short construction period, making them particularly suitable for early spring and late autumn vegetable production. However, their poor insulation performance, limited environmental control capabilities, and weak resistance to natural disasters such as wind and snow prevent them from achieving stable and efficient production year-round. Solar greenhouses, benefiting from good south-facing roof lighting, insulation blankets, and wall heat storage capacity, allow for the unheated overwintering production of warm-loving vegetables in cold regions, playing a vital role in off-season vegetable cultivation in northern China. However, solar greenhouses have relatively low land utilization rates, and their limited span results in cramped internal spaces, restricting mechanized operations. Therefore, large-span externally insulated plastic greenhouses have emerged. These greenhouses combine the core insulation characteristics of solar greenhouses with the low-cost advantages of plastic greenhouses, employing a large-span, large-space design with significant potential for energy saving, cost reduction, and increased yield. Their application in the main facility vegetable production areas of northern China is continuously expanding.

[0003] However, large-span externally insulated plastic greenhouses face severe environmental control challenges in actual production, making it difficult to guarantee efficient and high-quality year-round crop production. Firstly, large-span externally insulated plastic greenhouses lack efficient heat storage bodies and active heat storage and release capabilities, making it impossible to efficiently utilize excess heat energy. Furthermore, due to their large volume and insufficient airtightness, they are prone to significant heat loss through cold air infiltration, making it difficult to maintain a suitable temperature environment for crop growth during winter nights. Secondly, in summer, factors such as strong solar radiation and insufficient natural ventilation easily create a high-temperature and high-humidity environment inside the greenhouse, exceeding the crop's tolerance range and affecting photosynthesis and normal physiological metabolism.

[0004] To ensure the safe overwintering and summer production of large-span externally insulated plastic greenhouses, additional environmental control measures are required. While equipment such as air-source heat pumps, natural gas boilers, and evaporative cooling fans can improve greenhouse environmental conditions to some extent, they suffer from drawbacks including strong dependence on traditional energy sources, high construction and operating costs, inability to fully utilize greenhouse solar thermal resources, and limited environmental control functions, which are not conducive to low-carbon and energy-saving production. Meanwhile, large-span externally insulated plastic greenhouses generate a large amount of surplus heat energy during the day that can be utilized. There is potential to actively regulate and store this heat energy to transfer energy over time and space, thereby enhancing the greenhouse's ability to withstand low nighttime temperatures. Furthermore, there is ample space available for utilization within the facility area and around the greenhouses, providing possibilities for outdoor solar thermal utilization. Therefore, to ensure efficient year-round production in large-span externally insulated plastic greenhouses, and to maximize crop yield and quality while minimizing energy consumption, it is urgent to develop a comprehensive greenhouse environmental control system and greenhouse design. This system should fully utilize indoor and outdoor solar thermal resources, organically integrate various environmental control measures, and achieve comprehensive environmental control and low-carbon, energy-saving production in large-span externally insulated plastic greenhouses. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a multi-source heat storage and release-based greenhouse environment integrated control system to solve the problems of insufficient heat storage capacity, low light and heat resource utilization efficiency, poor temperature control effect, and difficulty in ensuring efficient and high-quality year-round production of greenhouse crops.

[0006] This application also provides a greenhouse based on multi-source heat storage and release.

[0007] A comprehensive greenhouse environment control system based on multi-source heat storage and release, according to an embodiment of the first aspect of this application, is used to regulate the temperature inside the greenhouse, comprising:

[0008] A wet curtain ventilation and ground heat exchange device is installed inside a greenhouse to actively recover and utilize waste heat from the greenhouse air to increase the greenhouse ground and air temperatures, as well as for ventilation and cooling. The device includes a wind box shell, a fan, a filter, wet curtains, and ground heat exchange ventilation ducts. The wet curtains are equipped with a wet curtain water pump. The wind box shell has an air outlet. The first end of the ground heat exchange ventilation duct is connected to the air outlet, and the second end is connected to the interior space of the greenhouse, forming a ground heat exchange terminal outlet. The ground heat exchange ventilation duct includes a main ground heat exchange ventilation pipe and branch ground heat exchange ventilation pipes, which are arranged in the lower layer of soil inside the greenhouse.

[0009] A solar water heating soil heat collection device is used to collect outdoor solar radiation to increase the soil temperature and air temperature of a greenhouse. The solar water heating soil heat collection device includes a solar collector, a solar heat collection circulating water pump, and a solar heat collection circulating water pipe. The solar collector is installed outside the greenhouse. The first end of the solar heat collection circulating water pipe is connected to the liquid outlet of the solar collector, the main body of which is set in the middle layer of soil inside the greenhouse, and the second end is connected to the liquid return port of the solar collector.

[0010] A passive water heat storage and release device is installed inside a greenhouse to enhance the greenhouse's heat storage capacity by passively collecting and releasing heat through water, thereby increasing the greenhouse temperature; the passive water heat storage and release device includes a water body for storing and releasing heat.

[0011] Heat storage walls are used as greenhouse walls to store and release heat.

[0012] Control equipment, including greenhouse environment and energy controllers and sensors, is used to collect greenhouse and system parameters and coordinate the scheduling and control of wet curtain ventilation and ground heat exchange devices, solar water heating soil heat collection devices and water body passive heat storage and release devices.

[0013] According to one embodiment of this application, the greenhouse environment integrated control system based on multi-source heat storage and release includes:

[0014] Passive heat storage and release mode of water body: implemented by passive heat storage and release device of water body; when there is solar radiation in the room during the day or the water temperature of the stored hot water body is lower than the air temperature in the greenhouse, the stored hot water body passively collects heat; when the water temperature of the stored hot water body is higher than the air temperature in the greenhouse, the stored hot water body passively releases heat.

[0015] Solar hot water soil heat collection and release mode: Implemented by a solar hot water soil heat collection device; the solar collector absorbs outdoor solar radiation to raise its internal water temperature. When the water temperature of the solar collector is higher than the temperature of the middle layer of soil in the greenhouse and reaches the set temperature difference, the solar collector circulating water pump is turned on, driving the hot water to circulate in the solar collector circulating water pipe and exchange heat with the middle layer of soil in the greenhouse, actively storing the heat collected by the solar collector in the middle layer of soil in the greenhouse; when the indoor air temperature and the surface soil temperature in the greenhouse are lower than the middle layer soil temperature, the heat stored in the middle layer of soil in the greenhouse is passively released into the greenhouse.

[0016] The waste heat recovery and utilization mode of the air in the underground heat exchange greenhouse is implemented by evaporative cooling pad ventilation and an underground heat exchange device. When the temperature inside the greenhouse rises to the reference temperature for waste heat generation and heat storage is required during the day, the evaporative cooling pad pump is turned off, the fan is started, and the top and side vents of the greenhouse are closed simultaneously to form an internal air circulation within the greenhouse. The hot air inside the greenhouse, driven by the fan, passes through the filter screen and enters the air box shell, and then enters the underground heat exchange ventilation duct through the air box outlet. The hot air exchanges heat with the lower layer of soil inside the greenhouse through the underground heat exchange ventilation duct, storing the air's heat energy in the lower layer of soil inside the greenhouse. The cooled greenhouse air is then cooled by the underground heat exchange device. The air from the end outlet returns to the greenhouse; when the indoor temperature drops to the target heating temperature at night, the wet curtain water pump is turned off, the fan is started, and the top and side ventilation openings of the greenhouse are closed at the same time to form an internal air circulation in the greenhouse; the cold air in the greenhouse, driven by the fan, passes through the filter screen and enters the air box shell, and enters the ground heat exchange ventilation duct through the air box outlet. The cold air exchanges heat with the lower layer of soil in the greenhouse through the ground heat exchange ventilation duct, and the heat stored in the lower layer of soil in the greenhouse is released into the circulating air. The heated greenhouse air returns to the greenhouse through the end outlet of the ground heat exchange to achieve the heating purpose;

[0017] The heat storage and release mode of the greenhouse heat storage wall: implemented by the heat storage wall; when there is solar radiation inside the greenhouse during the day or the temperature of the heat storage wall is lower than the temperature inside the greenhouse, the heat storage wall passively collects heat; when the temperature of the heat storage wall is higher than the temperature inside the greenhouse, the heat storage wall passively releases heat.

[0018] Positive pressure evaporative cooling mode: Implemented by evaporative cooling and ground heat exchange device; In summer, when the temperature inside the greenhouse is higher than the target cooling temperature, the evaporative cooling water pump is started, the fan is started, and the top and side vents of the greenhouse are opened at the same time to form an external air circulation in the greenhouse; The dry and hot air outside the greenhouse enters the greenhouse through the side vents under the drive of the fan, passes through the filter screen and enters the air box shell. After being cooled by evaporation of the evaporative cooling, the humid and cold air enters the ground heat exchange ventilation pipe through the air box outlet, and then is sent into the greenhouse through the air outlet of the ground heat exchange terminal, pushing the hot air in the greenhouse to be discharged through the top vent to achieve the purpose of cooling;

[0019] The above-mentioned scheduling rules are as follows: In the cold season and when the greenhouse needs heating, the passive water storage and release mode and the greenhouse heat storage wall storage and release mode are used first. When the passive water storage and release mode and the greenhouse heat storage wall storage and release mode cannot meet the demand, the solar water heating soil collection and release mode and the ground heat exchange greenhouse air waste heat recovery and utilization mode are used in sequence. In the summer and when the greenhouse needs cooling in addition to natural ventilation, the positive pressure wet curtain ventilation and cooling mode is used.

[0020] According to one embodiment of this application, the heat storage body is a black water bag supported and fixed by a metal frame; the black water bag is configured to store and release heat in winter and drain the water in the black water bag in summer to reduce the adverse effects on the day-night temperature difference in the greenhouse.

[0021] When the greenhouse is oriented north-south and has a symmetrical structure, the hot water storage and dispensing bodies are spaced out and distributed on both sides of the passageway in the middle of the greenhouse; the metal frame is connected to the greenhouse columns.

[0022] When the shed is an east-west oriented, asymmetrical structure, the hot water storage and release bodies are spaced out and dispersed in the bottom corner area of ​​the south roof of the shed;

[0023] The passive heat storage and release device for water also includes a water heat storage and release circulation pump and a water heat storage and release circulation pipeline; the water heat storage and release circulation pipeline is connected in series with the stored and released hot water body and is driven by the water heat storage and release circulation pump to circulate the water in the stored and released hot water body, so as to improve the uniformity of water temperature distribution inside the stored and released hot water body and improve the passive heat collection and heat release efficiency of the passive heat storage and release device for water.

[0024] According to one embodiment of this application, the circulating working fluid of the solar water heating soil collector is a mixture of water and antifreeze; the solar collector is installed on the top of the greenhouse buffer room to obtain solar radiation conditions and save agricultural land.

[0025] The solar thermal collector circulating water pipeline includes an above-ground pipeline section and an underground pipeline section;

[0026] The above-ground pipeline section is used for the transmission of circulating working fluid between the solar collector and the underground pipeline section. The above-ground pipeline section uses high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant composite pipes or stainless steel pipes, and is equipped with an insulation layer to reduce heat loss.

[0027] The underground pipeline is buried in the middle layer of soil inside the shed for heat exchange with the soil. The underground pipeline is made of pressure-resistant, corrosion-resistant, and aging-resistant high-density polyethylene or cross-linked polyethylene.

[0028] According to one embodiment of this application, the wind box shell is made of metal, and the filter screen and the wet curtain are provided on at least three sides of the wind box shell to increase the installation area of ​​the wet curtain and improve the evaporative cooling effect;

[0029] The fan is a centrifugal fan, equipped with a frequency converter, to meet the high-efficiency and energy-saving air volume requirements of the underground heat exchange shed air waste heat recovery and utilization mode and the positive pressure wet curtain ventilation and cooling mode respectively;

[0030] The filter screen is a dustproof filter screen;

[0031] The evaporative cooling pad is made of cellulose paper or composite polymer material;

[0032] The underground heat exchange ventilation duct is made of high-density polyethylene, heat-resistant polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, or polypropylene; the cross-sectional shape of the underground heat exchange ventilation branch pipe is circular or a trough-shaped structure to increase the heat exchange area, so as to improve air circulation and heat exchange performance; the underground heat exchange ventilation branch pipes are laid evenly in parallel to ensure balanced airflow distribution and improve heat exchange efficiency.

[0033] When the greenhouse is oriented north-south and has a symmetrical structure, the air box shells are installed at intervals in the bottom corner areas of the east and west roofs of the greenhouse, adjacent to the side ventilation openings of the greenhouse; the air outlets of the underground heat exchange terminals are arranged on both sides of the passage in the middle of the greenhouse and the air is discharged vertically upward.

[0034] When the greenhouse is an east-west oriented, asymmetrical structure, the air box shells are spaced apart and dispersed in the bottom corner area of ​​the north roof of the greenhouse, adjacent to the side ventilation openings of the greenhouse; the air outlet of the ground heat exchange terminal is arranged in the bottom corner area of ​​the south roof of the greenhouse, and / or, the air outlet of the ground heat exchange terminal is arranged in the middle area of ​​the greenhouse and discharges air vertically upward.

[0035] According to one embodiment of this application, the evaporative cooling and ground heat exchange device further includes an additional outdoor air inlet duct, which connects the air box shell to outdoor air, and an outdoor air inlet valve is installed on the outdoor air inlet duct; an indoor air inlet valve is installed at the indoor air inlet of the air box shell; the evaporative cooling pad is arranged on the surface of the air box shell connected to the outdoor air inlet duct so that the outdoor air is cooled by evaporation when it enters the air box shell;

[0036] The positive pressure wet curtain ventilation and cooling mode also includes: in summer, when the temperature inside the greenhouse is higher than the target cooling temperature, opening the outdoor air inlet valve, closing the indoor air inlet valve, and simultaneously opening the top ventilation opening and the side ventilation opening to form an external air circulation in the greenhouse;

[0037] The waste heat recovery and utilization mode of the underground heat exchange greenhouse also includes: when the indoor temperature rises to the reference temperature for waste heat generation and heat storage is required during the day, the outdoor air inlet valve is closed, the indoor air inlet valve is opened, and the top and side vents of the greenhouse are closed at the same time to form an internal air circulation in the greenhouse.

[0038] According to one embodiment of this application, the soil inside the greenhouse is vertically divided into the top layer soil, the middle layer soil, and the lower layer soil; the top layer soil is used for greenhouse crop cultivation, with a depth ranging from 0 to 40 cm; the middle layer soil is used to actively store and passively release outdoor solar radiation energy collected by the solar water heating soil heat collection device, and the solar heat collection circulating water pipe is buried in the middle layer soil at a depth of 40 to 70 cm; the lower layer soil is used to actively store and actively release waste heat of the greenhouse air recovered by the wet curtain ventilation and underground heat exchange device, and the underground heat exchange ventilation pipe is buried in the lower layer soil at a depth of 70 to 110 cm.

[0039] According to one embodiment of this application, the sampling period and filtering strategy of the sensor are set by the greenhouse environment and energy controller to support closed-loop control and predictive scheduling; the sensor includes:

[0040] Environmental parameter monitoring sensors are used to monitor indoor air temperature and humidity, solar radiation, and outdoor air temperature and humidity, solar radiation, wind speed and wind direction.

[0041] Soil moisture monitoring sensors are used to monitor soil profile temperature inside greenhouses;

[0042] System operating parameter monitoring sensors are used to monitor pipeline wind speed, inlet and outlet air temperature, circulating water flow rate and temperature, circulating working fluid flow rate and temperature, and liquid level;

[0043] System status and safety monitoring sensors are used to detect system faults or leaks.

[0044] According to one embodiment of this application, the greenhouse environment and energy controller is connected to the wet curtain ventilation and ground heat exchange device, the solar water heating soil heat collection device, and the water passive heat storage and release device; the greenhouse environment and energy controller has a built-in automatic control program, which performs coordinated management and scheduling of the system and greenhouse environment regulation equipment according to the preset control process and mode priority, environmental target setting point, equipment control constraints and real-time feedback data from sensors.

[0045] The greenhouse environment and energy controller integrates weather forecast information and adopts model predictive control to achieve predictive optimization management and scheduling of the greenhouse environment and energy.

[0046] According to a second aspect of this application, a greenhouse based on multi-source heat storage and release includes the aforementioned integrated environmental control system for greenhouse based on multi-source heat storage and release, a greenhouse roof, an external insulation blanket, a top ventilation opening, and a side ventilation opening.

[0047] The heat storage wall is a brick wall, a concrete wall, a composite wall containing a phase change energy storage layer, or a lightweight wall mixed with fly ash particles, in order to improve the heat storage and release performance and structural stability.

[0048] When the greenhouse based on multi-source heat storage and release has a north-south orientation and a symmetrical structure, the heat storage wall is set at the east and west ends of the greenhouse, serving as the east and west walls of the greenhouse, and is connected to the corresponding roof structure.

[0049] When the greenhouse based on multi-source heat storage and release has an east-west orientation and an asymmetrical structure, the heat storage wall is set at the north end of the greenhouse as the north wall of the greenhouse and is connected to the north roof of the greenhouse.

[0050] The above-described one or more technical solutions in the embodiments of this application have at least one of the following technical effects:

[0051] This application presents a multi-source heat storage and release-based greenhouse environment integrated control system. Through the coordinated operation of evaporative cooling pads, ground-based heat exchange devices, solar water heating soil collectors, passive water heat storage and release devices, and heat storage walls, the system effectively regulates the greenhouse temperature, significantly improving its regulation and ensuring a suitable temperature range for year-round, efficient, and high-quality crop production. Furthermore, the evaporative cooling pads and ground-based heat exchange devices provide a dual effect of heating in winter and cooling in summer: In winter, the system circulates air heated by sunlight through ground-based heat exchange ventilation ducts into the greenhouse soil, storing the heat in the soil and releasing it at night during cooler hours; and because the ground-based heat exchange ventilation ducts are equipped with evaporative cooling pads, they can be activated in summer to cool the air entering the ventilation box shell when the greenhouse temperature is too high, preventing excessively high temperatures from affecting normal crop growth. The evaporative cooling and ground heat exchange device in this application can achieve the dual effects of heating in winter and cooling in summer with a single device, simplifying the structure of the control system.

[0052] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0053] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or related technologies of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0054] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the greenhouse environment integrated control system based on multi-source heat storage and release provided in this application. Figure 1 (The shed is oriented north-south and has a symmetrical structure.)

[0055] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the greenhouse environment integrated control system based on multi-source heat storage and release provided in this application. Figure 2 (and Figure 1 (Corresponding top view).

[0056] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the greenhouse environment integrated control system based on multi-source heat storage and release provided in this application. Figure 3 (The shed is oriented east-west and has an asymmetrical structure.)

[0057] Figure label:

[0058] 1. Evaporative cooling pad ventilation and underground heat exchange device; 11. Air box shell; 111. Air box outlet; 12. Underground heat exchange ventilation duct; 121. Underground heat exchange ventilation main pipe; 122. Underground heat exchange ventilation branch pipe; 123. Underground heat exchange terminal outlet; 131. Evaporative cooling pad; 132. Evaporative cooling pad water pump; 14. Fan; 15. Filter screen;

[0059] 21. Solar water heating soil collector device; 211. Solar collector; 212. Solar collector circulating water pipe; 213. Solar collector circulating water pump; 22. Passive water body heat storage and release device; 221. Hot water body for storage and release;

[0060] 3. Heat storage wall;

[0061] 4. Indoor soil; 41. Topsoil; 42. Middle soil; 43. Subsoil;

[0062] 51. Shed roof; 52. External insulation blanket; 53. Top ventilation opening; 54. Side ventilation opening; 55. Passageway; 56. East roof; 57. West roof; 58. South roof; 59. North roof. Detailed Implementation

[0063] The embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate this application, but should not be used to limit the scope of this application.

[0064] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0065] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0066] In the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0067] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0068] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of this application, a comprehensive greenhouse environment control system based on multi-source heat storage and release is provided for regulating the temperature inside the greenhouse, such as... Figure 1As shown, it includes: a wet curtain ventilation and ground heat exchange device 1, a solar water heating soil collector device 21, a passive water heat storage and release device 22, a heat storage wall 3, and control equipment. The wet curtain ventilation and ground heat exchange device 1 is installed inside the greenhouse to actively recover and utilize waste heat from the greenhouse air to increase the greenhouse ground and air temperatures, and for ventilation and cooling. The wet curtain ventilation and ground heat exchange device 1 includes a wind box shell 11, a fan 14, a filter screen 15, a wet curtain 131, and a ground heat exchange ventilation duct 12. The wet curtain 131 is equipped with a wet curtain water pump 132. The wind box shell 11 has a wind box outlet 111. The first end of the ground heat exchange ventilation duct 12 is connected to the wind box outlet 111, and the second end is connected to the indoor space of the greenhouse, forming a ground heat exchange terminal outlet 123. Figure 2 As shown, the underground heat exchange ventilation duct 12 includes an underground heat exchange ventilation main pipe 121 and underground heat exchange ventilation branch pipes 122, which are arranged in the lower layer of soil 43 inside the greenhouse. The solar water heating soil collector 21 is used to collect outdoor solar radiation to increase the soil and air temperature inside the greenhouse; the solar water heating soil collector 21 includes a solar collector 211, a solar collector circulating water pump 213, and a solar collector circulating water pipe 212; the solar collector 211 is installed outside the greenhouse, the first end of the solar collector circulating water pipe 212 is connected to the liquid outlet of the solar collector 211, the main body is located in the middle layer of soil 42 inside the greenhouse, and the second end is connected to the liquid return port of the solar collector 211. The passive water heat storage and release device 22 is installed inside the greenhouse to enhance the greenhouse's heat storage capacity through passive heat collection and release of water, thereby increasing the greenhouse air temperature; the passive water heat storage and release device 22 includes a hot water body 221 for storing and releasing heat. The heat storage wall 3 serves as the greenhouse wall for storing and releasing heat. The control equipment includes a greenhouse environment and energy controller and sensors, which are used to collect greenhouse and system parameters and coordinate the scheduling and control of the wet curtain ventilation and ground heat exchange device 1, the solar water heating soil heat collection device 21 and the water passive heat storage and release device 22.

[0069] The wet curtain ventilation and ground heat exchange device 1 drives the greenhouse air through the fan 14, which flows through the ground heat exchange ventilation main pipe 121 and the ground heat exchange ventilation branch pipe 122 to circulate and exchange heat with the lower soil 43. In winter, it can transfer the excess air heat energy in the greenhouse to the soil 4 in the greenhouse. At night, the air in the greenhouse is also circulated through the ground heat exchange ventilation pipe 12 to release the heat stored in the soil 4 in the greenhouse, maintaining the ground temperature and air temperature in the greenhouse. This solves the problem that large-span external insulation plastic greenhouses lack active heat storage and release capacity in winter and cannot efficiently utilize the excess heat energy in the greenhouse. In summer, the wet curtain water pump 132 is started to humidify the wet curtain 131. After the outdoor air is cooled by evaporation through the wet curtain 131, it is sent into the greenhouse through the ground heat exchange ventilation pipe 12. It works in conjunction with the ventilation opening 53 on the top of the greenhouse to achieve cooling, avoiding the impact of high temperature and high humidity environment on the physiological metabolism of crops. It achieves the dual functions of heating in winter and cooling in summer. There is no need to configure two separate sets of equipment, which simplifies the overall structure of the system and reduces construction and maintenance costs.

[0070] The solar water heating soil collector device 21 installs solar collectors 211 outside the greenhouse, making full use of outdoor solar thermal resources. Heat is transferred through the solar collector circulating water pipes 212 in the middle layer of soil 42, continuously raising soil temperature when solar radiation is sufficient, reducing reliance on traditional energy sources and meeting the needs of low-carbon and energy-saving production. Its main pipes are arranged in the middle layer of soil 42, forming a layered heat storage structure with the lower layer of soil 43 where the heat exchange and ventilation pipes 12 are arranged, ensuring even heat distribution in the soil and achieving efficient heat storage.

[0071] The passive water-based heat storage and release device 22 passively collects daytime heat from the greenhouse through the stored and released hot water body 221, and slowly releases it at night. Together with the heat storage wall 3, it enhances the overall heat storage capacity of the greenhouse, making up for the insufficient heat storage capacity of the single soil source and further improving the greenhouse's ability to withstand low temperatures. The heat storage wall 3 is an integrated design of the greenhouse wall, which does not require additional space in the greenhouse, and ensures the structural integrity of the greenhouse while realizing the heat storage and release function.

[0072] The control equipment sends control commands and sensor data feedback through the greenhouse environment and energy controller, and coordinates the operation of various devices. It can dynamically adjust the operating status according to parameters such as real-time greenhouse air temperature, soil temperature, and solar radiation intensity, make rational use of energy, ensure accurate temperature control, and ensure that the greenhouse can maintain a suitable temperature range for crop growth in different seasons and weather conditions, supporting efficient and high-quality production throughout the year.

[0073] The main body of the solar thermal collector circulating water pipe 212 is located in the middle soil layer 42 inside the greenhouse. The middle soil layer 42 is adjacent to the surface soil layer 41 of the cultivated crops, resulting in a short heat transfer path. This allows the outdoor solar radiation energy collected by the solar collector to be quickly conducted to the surface soil layer 41 and the air inside the greenhouse, rapidly increasing the soil and air temperature inside the greenhouse. This solves the problem of slow heating in winter and difficulty in quickly meeting the temperature requirements for crop root growth in large-span externally insulated plastic greenhouses. The ground heat exchange ventilation pipe 12 is arranged in the lower soil layer 43 inside the greenhouse. The lower soil layer 43 is far from the ground surface, resulting in smaller temperature fluctuations and a more stable heat storage environment. This allows the excess heat from the greenhouse air recovered during the day by the wet curtain ventilation and ground heat exchange device to be stably stored for a longer period of time, preventing the rapid dissipation of excess heat during the day and achieving a reasonable delay in the heat release timing. When the passive heat release of the middle soil layer 42 is insufficient to meet the heating demand, and the greenhouse temperature drops to a low-temperature range at night, the heat stored in the lower soil layer 43 is actively and slowly released as needed to continuously replenish the greenhouse heat, mitigating the impact of low nighttime temperatures on crops and resolving the contradiction of wasted surplus heat energy during the day and insufficient heat supply at night. The layered heat storage structure achieves functional division through the "rapid heat transfer" of the middle soil layer 42 and the "stable heat storage" of the lower soil layer 43. This avoids heat interference caused by the solar thermal circulating water pipe 212 and the underground heat exchange ventilation pipe 12 being located in the same soil layer, allowing the two heat storage methods to perform their respective functions and cooperate effectively, thus improving the overall system's heat storage efficiency and the continuity of heat supply. This structural design is suitable for the spatial characteristics of large-span externally insulated plastic greenhouses, solving the problem that a single heat storage method cannot simultaneously achieve "rapid heating" and "long-term heat preservation." It ensures that the greenhouse heat supply meets the demand for rapid daytime heating while guaranteeing continuous heat preservation at night, maintaining the greenhouse temperature within a suitable range for crop growth and reducing the impact of temperature fluctuations on crop physiological metabolism.

[0074] Meanwhile, the layered heat storage structure fully utilizes the heat storage characteristics of soil at different depths. The middle soil layer 42 and the surface soil layer 41 have high heat exchange efficiency, meeting the needs of rapid heat transfer; the lower soil layer 43 has a larger heat storage capacity, meeting the needs of long-term energy storage, realizing the precise distribution and efficient utilization of heat, reducing energy waste, and conforming to the concept of low-carbon and energy-saving production. In synergy with the passive water heat storage and release device and the heat storage wall, it further enhances the overall heat storage and insulation capacity of the greenhouse, effectively resisting heat loss caused by winter heat transfer and cold air infiltration, providing a stable temperature guarantee for year-round efficient and high-quality crop production.

[0075] Multiple devices work together to form a multi-source heat storage and release system, including a heat storage and release water body, a heat storage wall, and multiple heat storage units such as layered indoor soil. It comprehensively utilizes multiple energy sources such as indoor air waste heat, indoor solar radiation, and outdoor solar energy, which greatly improves the energy utilization efficiency of the greenhouse, reduces the frequency of use of traditional heating and cooling equipment, lowers operating costs, and solves the problems of single function and low utilization rate of light and heat resources of the original control measures.

[0076] According to one embodiment of this application, a multi-source heat storage and release greenhouse environment integrated control system includes a passive water heat storage and release mode, a solar water heating soil heat collection and release mode, a ground heat exchange greenhouse air waste heat recovery and utilization mode, a greenhouse heat storage wall heat storage and release mode, and a positive pressure wet curtain ventilation and cooling mode. The passive water heat storage and release mode is implemented by the passive water heat storage and release device 22. When there is solar radiation indoors during the day or the water temperature of the stored hot water body 221 is lower than the indoor air temperature, the stored hot water body 221 passively collects heat; when the water temperature of the stored hot water body 221 is higher than the indoor air temperature, the stored hot water body 221 passively releases heat. Solar water heating and soil heat collection mode: implemented by solar water heating and soil heat collection device 21; the solar collector 211 absorbs outdoor solar radiation to raise its internal water temperature. When the water temperature of the solar collector 211 is higher than the temperature of the middle layer soil 42 in the greenhouse and reaches the set temperature difference, the solar heat collection circulating water pump 213 is turned on to drive the hot water to circulate in the solar heat collection circulating water pipe 212 and exchange heat with the middle layer soil 42 in the greenhouse, actively storing the heat collected by the solar collector 211 in the middle layer soil 42 in the greenhouse; when the indoor air temperature and the temperature of the surface soil 41 in the greenhouse are lower than the temperature of the middle layer soil 42, the heat stored in the middle layer soil 42 in the greenhouse is passively released into the greenhouse. The waste heat recovery and utilization mode of the air in the underground heat exchange greenhouse is implemented by wet curtain ventilation and underground heat exchange device 1. When the temperature inside the greenhouse rises to the reference temperature for waste heat generation and heat storage is required during the day, the wet curtain water pump 132 is turned off, the fan 14 is started, and the top ventilation opening 53 and the side ventilation opening 54 of the greenhouse are closed at the same time to form an internal air circulation in the greenhouse. The hot air inside the greenhouse, driven by the fan 14, passes through the filter screen 15 and enters the air box shell 11. It then enters the underground heat exchange ventilation duct 12 through the air box outlet 111. The hot air exchanges heat with the lower soil layer 43 inside the greenhouse through the underground heat exchange ventilation duct 12, storing the air heat energy in the lower soil layer 43 inside the greenhouse. The cooled greenhouse air exits from the underground heat exchange terminal. The air outlet 123 returns to the greenhouse; when the indoor temperature drops to the target heating temperature at night, the wet curtain water pump 132 is turned off, the fan 14 is started, and the top ventilation opening 53 and side ventilation opening 54 of the greenhouse are closed at the same time to form an internal air circulation in the greenhouse; the cold air in the greenhouse, driven by the fan 14, passes through the filter screen 15 and enters the air box shell 11, and enters the ground heat exchange ventilation duct 12 through the air box outlet 111. The cold air exchanges heat with the lower layer of soil 43 in the greenhouse through the ground heat exchange ventilation duct 12, and the heat stored in the lower layer of soil 43 in the greenhouse is released into the circulating air. The heated greenhouse air returns to the greenhouse through the air outlet 123 at the end of the ground heat exchange to achieve the heating purpose. The heat storage and release mode of the greenhouse heat storage wall: implemented by the heat storage wall 3; when there is solar radiation in the greenhouse during the day or the temperature of the heat storage wall 3 is lower than the temperature in the greenhouse, the heat storage wall 3 passively collects heat; when the temperature of the heat storage wall 3 is higher than the temperature in the greenhouse, the heat storage wall 3 passively releases heat.Positive pressure evaporative cooling mode: Implemented by evaporative cooling and ground heat exchange device 1; In summer, when the temperature inside the greenhouse is higher than the target cooling temperature, the evaporative cooling water pump 132 is started, the fan 14 is started, and the top ventilation opening 53 and side ventilation opening 54 of the greenhouse are opened at the same time to form an external air circulation in the greenhouse; the dry and hot air outside the greenhouse enters the greenhouse through the side ventilation opening 54 driven by the fan 14, passes through the filter screen 15 and enters the air box shell 11, and after being cooled by evaporation by the evaporative cooling pad 131, the humid and cold air enters the ground heat exchange ventilation duct 12 through the air box outlet 111. Then, the hot air is sent into the greenhouse through the air outlet 123 at the end of the ground heat exchange, and the hot air in the greenhouse is pushed out through the top ventilation vent 53 to achieve the purpose of cooling. The scheduling rules of the above mode are as follows: In the cold season and when the greenhouse needs to be heated, the passive water storage and release mode and the greenhouse heat storage wall storage and release mode are given priority. When the above two modes cannot meet the needs, the solar water heating soil heat collection and release mode and the ground heat exchange greenhouse air waste heat recovery and utilization mode are activated in turn. In summer and when the greenhouse has a cooling need in addition to natural ventilation, the positive pressure wet curtain ventilation and cooling mode is used.

[0077] The passive water-based heat storage and release mode automatically collects and releases heat based on the temperature difference between the stored and released hot water (221) and the air temperature inside the greenhouse. No additional power is required; it fully utilizes natural heat exchange to achieve energy storage and release, reducing system energy consumption and mitigating greenhouse temperature fluctuations, thus reducing the impact of sudden nighttime temperature drops on crops in winter. The greenhouse heat storage wall mode complements the passive water-based heat storage and release mode. Utilizing the wall's own heat storage characteristics, it absorbs heat from the greenhouse during the day and releases it at night, further enhancing the overall heat storage capacity of the greenhouse, compensating for the shortcomings of a single heat storage method, and improving the greenhouse's thermal environment.

[0078] The solar-powered hot water soil heat collection and release mode captures outdoor solar radiation through solar collectors 211, and uses the temperature difference to trigger the operation of a circulating water pump to transfer heat to the middle layer of soil 42 inside the greenhouse, achieving efficient conversion and storage of solar energy resources. This mode does not rely on traditional energy sources, meets the needs of low-carbon production, and the heat stored in the middle layer of soil 42 can directly improve the temperature stability of the crop root growth environment by transferring heat to the surface soil 41. This solves the problems of lack of efficient heat storage materials, insufficient heat storage capacity, and slow daytime ground temperature rise in large-span externally insulated plastic greenhouses during winter, providing a guarantee for crop overwintering growth.

[0079] The waste heat recovery and utilization mode of the underground heat exchange greenhouse recovers excess air heat energy during the day and stores it in the lower soil layer 43 through the underground heat exchange ventilation pipe 12. At night, the heat is released back into the greenhouse air, forming a closed loop, effectively utilizing the previously wasted indoor waste heat and improving energy utilization efficiency. This mode, together with the solar water heating soil heat collection and release mode, forms a layered heat storage structure (the lower soil layer 43 and the middle soil layer 42 store heat respectively), allowing heat to be evenly distributed in the soil, avoiding localized excessively high or low temperatures. At the same time, the waste heat recovery and utilization mode effectively alleviates the problems of large heat loss caused by the large greenhouse volume and insufficient airtightness, as well as the low temperature of the greenhouse at night.

[0080] The positive pressure evaporative cooling system utilizes evaporative cooling pads (131) combined with external air circulation in summer to cool the hot, dry air outside the greenhouse before introducing it into the greenhouse, while simultaneously expelling hot air from inside. This rapidly alleviates the adverse effects of high temperatures on crop photosynthesis and physiological metabolism. This system relies on the evaporative cooling pad ventilation and ground-based heat exchange device (1), eliminating the need for additional dedicated cooling equipment and significantly improving the cost-effectiveness and utilization rate of the evaporative cooling pad ventilation and ground-based heat exchange device.

[0081] The scheduling rules prioritize modes based on season and greenhouse needs. In cold seasons, passive heat storage and release modes are activated first, followed by active heat storage modes, maximizing the use of natural energy while ensuring heating effectiveness. In summer, cooling modes are activated selectively to avoid energy waste. This coordinated scheduling approach integrates the various modes into a cohesive whole, enabling precise, all-season, all-weather temperature control in greenhouses. This supports efficient and high-quality crop production year-round while reducing reliance on traditional energy sources and lowering operating costs.

[0082] According to one embodiment of this application, the hot water storage body 221 is a black water bag supported and fixed by a metal frame; the black water bag is configured to store and release heat in winter, and to drain the water in the black water bag in summer to reduce the adverse effects on the diurnal temperature difference of the greenhouse; such as Figure 1 As shown, when the greenhouse has a north-south orientation and a symmetrical structure, the hot water storage bodies 221 are spaced out and distributed on both sides of the passageway 55 in the middle of the greenhouse; the metal frame is connected to the greenhouse columns; as shown... Figure 3 As shown, when the greenhouse is oriented east-west and has an asymmetrical structure, the hot water storage body 221 is distributed at intervals in the bottom corner area of ​​the south roof 58 of the greenhouse; the passive heat storage and release device 22 also includes a heat storage and release circulating water pump and a heat storage and release circulating water pipe; the heat storage and release circulating water pipe is connected in series with the hot water storage body 221 and is driven by the heat storage and release circulating water pump to circulate the water in the hot water storage body 221, so as to improve the uniformity of water temperature distribution inside the hot water storage body 221 and improve the passive heat collection and heat release efficiency of the passive heat storage and release device 22.

[0083] The black water bags, made of black material, efficiently absorb solar radiation heat, meeting the heat collection needs of passive water heat storage and release modes, improving passive heat collection efficiency, and providing sufficient heat support for greenhouse temperature regulation. At the same time, the lightweight black water bags allow for flexible placement according to greenhouse space. Their design, which stores heat in winter and drains it in summer, satisfies the insulation needs of cold seasons while preventing the greenhouse temperature from rising due to water heat absorption in summer, adapting to the greenhouse environment control needs of different seasons.

[0084] The fixing method of connecting the metal frame to the greenhouse columns ensures that the black water bags are installed firmly, avoiding displacement or damage to the water bags due to greenhouse ventilation, crop cultivation, and other operations. This ensures the long-term stable operation of the passive water heat storage and release device 22, while eliminating the need to occupy additional greenhouse cultivation space, thus balancing heat storage function and production practicality.

[0085] For greenhouses with symmetrical structures running north-south and asymmetrical structures running east-west, a dispersed arrangement is adopted on both sides of the central passageway 55 and the bottom corner area of ​​the south roof 58, respectively. This allows the hot water storage body 221 to receive solar radiation evenly, while also ensuring that the heat is evenly diffused within the greenhouse during the heat release process or works with the heat storage wall 3 to achieve a uniform heat distribution within the greenhouse. This avoids excessive local temperature differences, adapts to the spatial characteristics of large-span greenhouses, and improves the uniformity of temperature control.

[0086] The water body heat storage and release circulating water pump drives the stored and released hot water body 221 to flow in the circulation pipe, breaking the temperature stratification phenomenon in the static state of the water body, making the water temperature distribution in the water body more uniform, which not only accelerates the heat collection speed during the day, but also makes the heat release more stable at night, improves the heat collection and heat release efficiency of the passive heat storage and release device 22, further enhances the heat storage capacity of the greenhouse, and alleviates the problem of the greenhouse temperature dropping too quickly at night.

[0087] The passive water heat storage and release device 22, through the aforementioned structural design, forms a multi-source heat storage system with the solar hot water soil heat collector 21, the ground-based heat exchange greenhouse air waste heat recovery and utilization device, and the heat storage wall 3. This system supplements the shortcomings of single heat storage methods, significantly improves the overall heat storage and insulation performance of the greenhouse, reduces heat loss caused by cold air infiltration, provides a stable temperature environment for greenhouse crop growth, and supports year-round efficient and high-quality production. At the same time, the device has a simple structure, requires no complex power system, and has low operating energy consumption, meeting the needs of low-carbon and energy-saving production.

[0088] According to one embodiment of this application, the circulating working fluid of the solar water heating soil collector 21 is a mixture of water and antifreeze; such as Figure 1As shown, the solar collector 211 is installed on the top of the greenhouse buffer room to obtain solar radiation conditions and save agricultural land; the solar collector circulating water pipeline includes an above-ground pipeline section and an underground pipeline section; the above-ground pipeline section is used for the transmission of circulating working fluid between the solar collector 211 and the underground pipeline section. The above-ground pipeline section uses high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant composite pipes or stainless steel pipes, and is equipped with an insulation layer to reduce heat loss; the underground pipeline section is buried in the middle layer of soil 42 inside the greenhouse for heat exchange with the soil. The underground pipeline section uses pressure-resistant, corrosion-resistant, and aging-resistant high-density polyethylene pipes or cross-linked polyethylene pipes.

[0089] The circulating working fluid is a mixture of water and antifreeze, which retains the good thermal conductivity of water and lowers the freezing point by adding antifreeze. This prevents the working fluid from freezing and causing pipe rupture in low-temperature winter conditions, ensuring the stable operation of the solar water heating soil collector 21 in the cold season in the north. It also solves the problem of easy freezing of a single water-based working fluid and broadens the applicable environment range of the device.

[0090] The 211 solar collector is installed on the roof of the greenhouse buffer room, which does not require the use of valuable agricultural land. This meets the needs of efficient land use in facility agriculture. At the same time, the roof of the buffer room is unobstructed, which can obtain better solar radiation conditions, improve the efficiency of solar energy collection, fully tap the potential of outdoor light and heat resources, reduce dependence on traditional energy, and conform to the concept of low-carbon and energy-saving production.

[0091] The above-ground pipeline uses high-temperature and corrosion-resistant composite pipes or stainless steel pipes, which can adapt to temperature changes and media erosion during the transmission of circulating working fluid, thus extending the service life of the pipeline. The matching insulation layer can effectively reduce heat loss of hot water during transmission, ensuring that the heat collected by the solar collector 211 can be efficiently transferred to the underground pipeline, improving energy transmission efficiency and avoiding heat waste.

[0092] The underground pipeline section uses high-density polyethylene or cross-linked polyethylene pipes that are pressure-resistant, corrosion-resistant, and anti-aging. These pipes can withstand the pressure of the soil environment, chemical corrosion, and aging problems caused by long-term use, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the pipeline. Its design of being buried in the middle layer of soil 42 inside the greenhouse allows for direct heat exchange with the soil, efficiently storing the heat converted from solar energy in the middle layer of soil 42. This directly improves the temperature stability of the crop root growth environment, compensates for the lack of efficient heat storage in large-span external insulation plastic greenhouses during winter, and provides temperature protection for crop overwintering growth.

[0093] Through the above-mentioned structural design, the solar water heating soil collector 21 achieves efficient capture, transmission and storage of outdoor solar energy resources, and works synergistically with other heat storage and release devices to further improve the multi-source heat storage and release system, enhance the overall heat storage and temperature control capabilities of the greenhouse, support efficient and high-quality crop production throughout the year, and reduce operating costs and environmental impact.

[0094] According to one embodiment of this application, the wind box shell 11 is made of metal, and at least three sides of the wind box shell 11 are provided with filter screens 15 and wet curtains 131 to increase the installation area of ​​the wet curtains 131 and improve the evaporative cooling effect; the fan 14 is a centrifugal fan 14, equipped with a frequency converter to meet the high-efficiency and energy-saving air volume requirements of the underground heat exchange shed air waste heat recovery and utilization mode and the positive pressure wet curtain ventilation and cooling mode respectively; the filter screen 15 is a dust filter screen; the wet curtain 131 is made of cellulose paper base or composite polymer material, which has high water absorption rate, corrosion resistance and anti-aging performance; the underground heat exchange ventilation duct 12 is made of high-density polyethylene, heat-resistant polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene or other corrosion-resistant composite materials; the underground heat exchange ventilation branch pipe 122 has a circular cross-section or a trough structure to increase the heat exchange area to improve air circulation and heat exchange performance; the underground heat exchange ventilation branch pipes 122 are laid evenly in parallel to ensure balanced airflow distribution and improve heat exchange efficiency; Figure 1 As shown, when the greenhouse is oriented north-south and has a symmetrical structure, the bellows shells 11 are spaced apart and distributed in the bottom corner areas of the east roof 56 and west roof 57 of the greenhouse, adjacent to the side ventilation openings 54 of the greenhouse; the air outlets 123 of the ground heat exchange terminal are arranged on both sides of the passageway 55 in the middle of the greenhouse, and the air is discharged vertically upwards; as shown Figure 3 As shown, when the greenhouse is an east-west oriented, asymmetrical structure, the wind box shells 11 are spaced apart and dispersed in the bottom corner area of ​​the north roof 59 of the greenhouse, adjacent to the side ventilation openings 54 of the greenhouse; the ground heat exchange terminal air outlets 123 are arranged in the bottom corner area of ​​the south roof 58 of the greenhouse, and / or, the ground heat exchange terminal air outlets 123 are arranged in the middle area of ​​the greenhouse and discharge air vertically upwards.

[0095] The air box shell 11 is made of metal, which has high structural strength and good stability. It can adapt to the complex production environment of the greenhouse and is not easily deformed or damaged after long-term use. Its design with filters 15 and wet curtains 131 on at least three sides greatly increases the installation area of ​​the wet curtains 131, providing sufficient contact area for evaporative cooling in summer and effectively improving the cooling effect. At the same time, the dust filter can block dust and debris in the air from entering the device, protecting the wet curtains 131 and the fan 14, reducing component wear, and extending the service life of the device.

[0096] The centrifugal fan 14 is equipped with a frequency converter, which can flexibly adjust the speed of the fan 14 according to the different needs of the waste heat recovery and utilization mode of the underground heat exchange shed and the positive pressure wet curtain ventilation and cooling mode. It can accurately match the air volume requirements of the two modes, ensuring the control effect while avoiding unnecessary energy consumption, achieving efficient and energy-saving operation, and adapting to different seasons and different working conditions.

[0097] The evaporative cooling pad 131 is made of cellulose paper or composite polymer material, which has a high water absorption rate and can quickly absorb water to form a wet surface, thereby improving the evaporative cooling efficiency. At the same time, its corrosion resistance and anti-aging properties ensure that the evaporative cooling pad 131 can work stably in humid environments for a long time, reducing maintenance costs caused by frequent replacements and ensuring the continuity of cooling function.

[0098] The underground heat exchange ventilation duct 12 is made of corrosion-resistant composite materials such as high-density polyethylene and heat-resistant polyethylene, which can resist chemical erosion in the soil environment and aging problems caused by long-term use, thus extending the service life of the duct. The underground heat exchange ventilation branch pipe 122 adopts a trough structure to increase the contact area with the soil, and a circular structure to ensure smooth air circulation. Both cross-sectional forms can optimize heat exchange performance. Combined with the parallel and uniform laying method, the airflow is evenly distributed in the duct, avoiding local ventilation problems or uneven heat exchange, improving the overall heat exchange efficiency, and ensuring the uniformity of soil heat storage and release.

[0099] For greenhouses with symmetrical structures running north-south and asymmetrical structures running east-west, the arrangement of the air box shell 11 and the air outlet 123 at the ground heat exchange terminal are adapted to each other. The air box shell 11 is installed adjacent to the side ventilation opening 54 of the greenhouse, which facilitates the rapid introduction of outdoor or indoor air. The vertical upward air outlet 123 at the ground heat exchange terminal is designed to ensure that the heated or cooled air can be evenly diffused to all areas of the greenhouse, avoiding local temperature differences in large-span greenhouses. This adapts to the characteristics of the greenhouse space and solves the problem of insufficient uniformity of environmental control in large-span greenhouses.

[0100] Through the above-mentioned structural design, the wet curtain ventilation and ground heat exchange device 1 further enhances the dual functions of winter air waste heat recovery and heat storage and summer ventilation and cooling. It works in conjunction with other heat storage and release devices to improve the accuracy and stability of greenhouse temperature control throughout the season, providing a uniform and suitable temperature environment for crop growth, supporting efficient production throughout the year, while simplifying the system structure and reducing operation and maintenance costs.

[0101] According to one embodiment of this application, the wet curtain ventilation and ground heat exchange device 1 further includes an additional outdoor air inlet duct, which connects the air box shell 11 to the outdoor air, and an outdoor air inlet valve is installed on the outdoor air inlet duct; an indoor air inlet valve is installed at the indoor air inlet of the air box shell 11; the wet curtain 131 is arranged on the surface of the air box shell 11 connected to the outdoor air inlet duct so that the outdoor air enters the air box shell 11 and is cooled by evaporation; the positive pressure wet curtain ventilation and cooling mode further includes: in summer, when the temperature inside the greenhouse is higher than the cooling target temperature, the outdoor air inlet valve is opened, the indoor air inlet valve is closed, and the top ventilation opening 53 and the side ventilation opening 54 of the greenhouse are opened at the same time to form an external air circulation in the greenhouse; the ground heat exchange greenhouse air waste heat recovery and utilization mode further includes: when the temperature inside the greenhouse rises to the waste heat generation reference temperature and heat storage is required during the day, the outdoor air inlet valve is closed, the indoor air inlet valve is opened, and the top ventilation opening 53 and the side ventilation opening 54 of the greenhouse are closed at the same time to form an internal air circulation in the greenhouse.

[0102] The addition of outdoor air intake ducts, along with the coordination of outdoor and indoor air intake valves, enables precise switching of airflow direction between the underground heat exchange greenhouse's waste heat recovery and utilization mode and the positive pressure wet curtain ventilation and cooling mode. This ensures that the two modes operate independently, improving the targeted nature of the control. In the underground heat exchange greenhouse's waste heat recovery and utilization mode, closing the outdoor air intake valve and opening the indoor air intake valve ensures a closed internal air circulation within the greenhouse, preventing excess indoor heat from being lost with the outdoor air. This guarantees that heat can be efficiently stored in the lower soil layer 43 through the underground heat exchange ventilation duct 12, maximizing the utilization of indoor waste heat resources.

[0103] In the positive pressure wet curtain ventilation and cooling mode, opening the outdoor air inlet valve and closing the indoor air inlet valve can guide the outdoor dry and hot air to enter the air box shell 11 separately, avoiding the mixing of indoor humid and hot air and affecting the cooling effect. At the same time, in conjunction with the opening of the greenhouse top ventilation vent 53 and side ventilation vent 54, a smooth external air circulation is formed, allowing the cooled humid and cold air to quickly fill the greenhouse and expel the hot air accumulated indoors. This is suitable for the spatial characteristics of large-span greenhouses and improves the uniformity of cooling.

[0104] The evaporative cooling pad 131 is arranged on the surface of the air box shell 11 connected to the outdoor air inlet duct, so that the evaporative cooling pad 131 only comes into contact with the outdoor air in the positive pressure evaporative cooling mode. In the waste heat recovery and utilization mode of the ground heat exchange shed, it does not participate in the air circulation. This avoids the energy loss caused by the indoor circulating air passing through the evaporative cooling pad 131, reduces the wear of the evaporative cooling pad 131 during non-use periods, extends the service life of the evaporative cooling pad 131, and ensures that the evaporative cooling pad 131 can fully exert its evaporative cooling effect in the cooling mode.

[0105] The coordinated control of the air valve and vents makes switching between the two modes simple and efficient, eliminating the need for complex equipment adjustments and reducing manual operation difficulty. It also ensures the airtightness of the circulation mode switching, minimizing energy loss due to air leakage and further improving the device's operating efficiency. This structural design further perfects the dual functions of the wet curtain ventilation and ground heat exchange device 1. Working in conjunction with other heat storage and release devices, it further enhances the accuracy and stability of greenhouse temperature control, providing a suitable environment for crop growth and supporting year-round, efficient, and high-quality production.

[0106] According to one embodiment of this application, such as Figure 1 As shown, the soil 4 inside the greenhouse is vertically divided into a topsoil 41, a middle soil 42, and a lower soil 43. The topsoil 41 is used for greenhouse crop cultivation, with a depth ranging from 0 to 40 cm. The middle soil 42 is used for actively storing and passively releasing outdoor solar radiation energy collected by the solar water heating soil heat collection device 21. The solar heat collection circulating water pipe 212 is buried in the middle soil 42 at a depth of 40 to 70 cm. The lower soil 43 is used for actively storing and actively releasing waste heat from the greenhouse air recovered by the wet curtain ventilation and underground heat exchange device 1. The underground heat exchange ventilation pipe 12 is buried in the lower soil 43 at a depth of 70 to 110 cm.

[0107] The topsoil 41 is set at a depth of 0-40cm for crop cultivation. This depth matches the main distribution area of ​​the root system of most greenhouse crops, which can provide a suitable cultivation environment for crop growth, while avoiding mechanical damage to the crop roots caused by deep pipe burial, and taking into account both production practicality and heat storage function.

[0108] The middle soil layer 42 is set at a depth of 40-70cm, which avoids cultivation activities on the surface soil 41, prevents damage to the solar thermal collector circulating water pipe 212 due to field operations, and efficiently stores the outdoor solar radiation energy collected by the solar water heating soil collector 21 through the heat storage characteristics of the soil. The soil temperature at this depth fluctuates less, the heat storage is stable, and the release process is gradual, which can continuously transfer heat to the surface soil 41, improve the temperature stability of the crop root growth environment, and solve the problem of low surface soil temperature 41 in winter in large-span externally insulated plastic greenhouses.

[0109] The lower soil layer 43 is set at a depth of 70-110cm, providing an independent burial space for the underground heat exchange ventilation duct 12 of the wet curtain ventilation and underground heat exchange device 1. This soil depth has a larger heat storage capacity, which can effectively store the waste heat of the greenhouse air, and forms a clear layered heat storage structure with the middle soil layer 42, avoiding mutual interference between the heat of the two heat storage methods and improving the overall heat storage efficiency. At the same time, the heat of the lower soil layer 43 can be actively released as needed through the nighttime air circulation of the greenhouse in the underground heat exchange greenhouse waste heat recovery and utilization mode, thereby increasing the greenhouse ground temperature and air temperature; and generally actively releasing heat in the middle and late night, complementing the passive heat release of the middle soil layer 42, the hot water storage body 221 and the heat storage wall 3, ensuring that the greenhouse has suitable thermal environment conditions throughout the night.

[0110] The vertically layered soil structure places the solar thermal collector circulating water pipe 212 and the underground heat exchange ventilation pipe 12 in separate soil layers, enabling the classified storage and orderly release of outdoor solar radiation energy and indoor air waste heat, forming a multi-source complementary soil heat storage system. Heat transfer in each soil layer follows the laws of natural heat conduction, with a reasonable temperature gradient distribution between the surface, middle, and lower soil layers. This provides a stable ground temperature environment for crop growth while reducing heat loss and improving energy utilization efficiency. Combined with other heat storage and release devices, this further enhances the stability and sustainability of greenhouse temperature control, ensuring efficient and high-quality crop production year-round.

[0111] According to one embodiment of this application, the sampling period and filtering strategy of the sensors are set by the greenhouse environment and energy controller to support closed-loop control and predictive scheduling; the sensors include environmental parameter monitoring sensors, system operation parameter monitoring sensors, and system status and safety monitoring sensors. Specifically, the environmental parameter monitoring sensors are used to monitor indoor air temperature and humidity, solar radiation, and outdoor air temperature and humidity, solar radiation, wind speed, and wind direction; the soil moisture monitoring sensors are used to monitor the soil profile temperature inside the greenhouse; the system operation parameter monitoring sensors are used to monitor pipeline wind speed, inlet and outlet air temperature, circulating water flow rate and temperature, circulating working fluid flow rate and temperature, and liquid level; the system status and safety monitoring sensors are used to detect system faults or leaks.

[0112] The greenhouse environment and energy controller allows for flexible setting of sensor sampling periods and filtering strategies. It can quickly capture dynamic changes in parameters through reasonable sampling periods and reduce the impact of interference signals through filtering, ensuring the accuracy and stability of monitoring data. This provides reliable data support for closed-loop system control and precise parameter basis for predictive scheduling, thereby improving the scientific nature of control decisions.

[0113] The environmental parameter monitoring sensors simultaneously cover indoor and outdoor air temperature and humidity, solar radiation, as well as outdoor wind speed and direction. They can comprehensively capture environmental changes around and inside the greenhouse, allowing control equipment to accurately determine seasonal characteristics, weather conditions, and the indoor environmental status of the greenhouse. This provides a direct basis for switching between different control modes (such as winter heating mode and summer cooling mode), avoiding mode start-up delays or false starts.

[0114] The soil moisture monitoring sensor is specifically designed to monitor the temperature of the soil profile 4 inside the greenhouse. It can monitor the temperature distribution of the surface, middle and lower soil layers 43 in real time, accurately reflect the heat storage and release status of each soil layer, and ensure that the operation of the solar water heating soil heat collection device 21, the wet curtain ventilation and the ground heat exchange device 1 matches the actual temperature requirements of the soil. This avoids energy waste caused by blindly storing or releasing heat, while ensuring the stability of the soil temperature required for crop root growth.

[0115] The system's operating parameter monitoring sensors cover key parameters such as pipeline wind speed, circulating water flow rate, and temperature. They can provide real-time feedback on the operating status of each device, allowing the control equipment to adjust operating parameters such as fan speed and circulating water pump power in a timely manner. This ensures that the device is always operating at high efficiency, avoids increased energy consumption or poor control effect due to parameter mismatch, and provides data reference for equipment maintenance, making it easier to detect operational abnormalities in a timely manner.

[0116] System status and safety monitoring sensors detect system faults or leaks, and can issue timely warnings when equipment malfunctions, pipelines break, or other abnormal situations occur, preventing the escalation of faults that could lead to control failures or safety accidents, ensuring long-term stable operation of the system, and reducing production losses and maintenance costs caused by equipment damage.

[0117] Various sensors work together to build a comprehensive, multi-dimensional monitoring system, providing comprehensive data support for the control equipment to coordinate and schedule the wet curtain ventilation and ground heat exchange device 1, solar water heating soil heat collection device 21, etc., ensuring that the operating status of each device is highly compatible with the greenhouse environment, soil conditions, and energy supply, realizing the coordinated and efficient operation of the multi-source heat storage and release system, further improving the accuracy and stability of greenhouse temperature control, and laying a solid data foundation for the year-round efficient and high-quality production of crops.

[0118] According to one embodiment of this application, the greenhouse environment and energy controller is connected to the wet curtain ventilation and ground heat exchange device 1, the solar water heating soil heat collection device 21, the water body passive heat storage and release device 22, and other greenhouse environment conditioning equipment; the greenhouse environment and energy controller has a built-in automatic control program, which performs collaborative management and scheduling of the system and greenhouse environment conditioning equipment according to the preset control process and mode priority, environmental target setting point, equipment control constraints, and real-time feedback data from sensors; the greenhouse environment and energy controller integrates weather forecast information and adopts model predictive control to achieve predictive optimization management and scheduling of greenhouse environment and energy.

[0119] The greenhouse environment and energy controller is connected to the wet curtain ventilation and ground heat exchange device 1, the solar water heating soil heat collection device 21, the water body passive heat storage and release device 22, and other greenhouse environment regulation equipment. This enables centralized and collaborative management of multiple devices, breaks the limitation of independent operation of a single device, and allows each device to work in an orderly manner according to a unified control target, forming an organic whole and improving the systematicness and coordination of greenhouse environment regulation.

[0120] The built-in automatic control program is based on preset control processes and mode priorities. Combined with environmental target setting points, equipment control constraints and real-time feedback data from sensors, it can accurately schedule the operating status of each device, avoid energy waste caused by blind equipment startup or mismatched operating parameters, and ensure that the greenhouse environmental parameters are stable and close to the target value, thus solving the problem of insufficient accuracy in environmental control of large-span external insulation plastic greenhouses.

[0121] By integrating weather forecast information and employing model predictive control, the controller can anticipate future changes in the greenhouse environment (such as temperature fluctuations and changes in solar radiation intensity) and optimize scheduling strategies. For example, if it is predicted that there will be sufficient sunlight the next day, the controller can plan the operation period of the solar water heating soil collector 21 in advance to maximize the use of solar energy resources; if it is predicted that the nighttime temperature will be low, the controller can increase the soil heat storage in advance to improve the nighttime heat preservation effect and achieve forward-looking optimization of energy allocation.

[0122] This predictive optimization management and scheduling model fully leverages the advantages of multi-source heat storage and release systems while reducing reliance on traditional energy sources, aligning with the demands of low-carbon and energy-saving production. Simultaneously, the controller's coordinated scheduling of equipment can adapt to the needs of greenhouses under different seasons and weather conditions, ensuring crops grow in a consistently suitable environment, supporting year-round efficient and high-quality production, reducing labor intervention costs, and enhancing the level of intelligence in facility agriculture production.

[0123] According to an embodiment of the second aspect of this application, a greenhouse based on multi-source heat storage and release is provided, such as... Figure 1As shown, the greenhouse based on multi-source heat storage and release includes the aforementioned integrated environmental control system for the greenhouse based on multi-source heat storage and release, the greenhouse roof 51, the external insulation blanket 52, the top ventilation opening 53, and the side ventilation opening 54; the heat storage wall 3 is a brick wall, a concrete wall, a composite wall containing a phase change energy storage layer, or a lightweight wall mixed with fly ash particles, to improve the heat storage and release performance and structural stability; when the greenhouse based on multi-source heat storage and release is oriented north-south and has a symmetrical structure, the heat storage wall 3 is set at the east and west ends of the greenhouse, serving as the east and west walls of the greenhouse, and is connected to the corresponding roof structure; when the greenhouse based on multi-source heat storage and release is oriented east-west and has an asymmetrical structure, the heat storage wall 3 is set at the north end of the greenhouse, serving as the north wall of the greenhouse, and is connected to the north roof 59 of the greenhouse. The north-south oriented, symmetrical shed roof 51 includes the east roof 56 and the west roof 57, while the east-west oriented, asymmetrical shed roof 51 includes the south roof 58 and the north roof 59.

[0124] The heat storage wall 3 can be made of brick, concrete, composite material including phase change energy storage layer, or lightweight material mixed with fly ash particles. The diverse material selection can be adapted to the construction cost, climate conditions and structural requirements of different regions. It can not only ensure the structural stability of the greenhouse wall and resist natural disasters such as wind and snow, but also efficiently absorb and release heat through the heat storage characteristics of the material itself, enhance the overall heat storage capacity of the greenhouse, improve the insulation performance and reduce heat loss.

[0125] For greenhouses with a symmetrical north-south orientation, the heat storage wall 3 is set at the east and west ends and connected to the corresponding roof structure. It can make full use of the east-west solar radiation for passive heat collection, while blocking the penetration of cold winds from the east and west, forming a heat insulation barrier at both ends. For greenhouses with an asymmetrical east-west orientation, the heat storage wall 3 is set at the north end and connected to the north roof 59. It can maximize the absorption of solar radiation heat from the south, while resisting the invasion of cold air from the north. It adapts to the lighting and heat insulation needs of different greenhouse structures and solves the problems of weak disaster resistance and insufficient heat insulation performance of large-span externally insulated plastic greenhouses.

[0126] The external insulation blanket 52, in conjunction with the heat storage wall 3, further enhances the insulation effect of the greenhouse, especially in winter nights, which can effectively reduce the loss of heat from the greenhouse to the outside and alleviate the impact of low temperature on crops. The top ventilation opening 53 and the side ventilation opening 54 are linked with the positive pressure wet curtain ventilation and cooling mode of the ground heat exchange device 1. In summer, they can quickly form an external air circulation to exhaust hot air. Together with the cooling device, they can achieve efficient cooling and avoid the adverse effects of high temperature and high humidity environment on crops.

[0127] The greenhouse based on multi-source heat storage and release integrates the aforementioned comprehensive control system, heat storage wall 3, external insulation blanket 52, and ventilation openings to form an integrated design of "active heat storage and release + passive heat storage and release + structural insulation + year-round environmental control". It not only gives full play to the precise control advantages of the multi-source heat storage and release system, but also strengthens the basic insulation and heat storage capacity through the structural design of the wall and insulation blanket, so as to achieve stable control of greenhouse temperature throughout the season, support the efficient and high-quality production of crops throughout the year, and at the same time improve the greenhouse's ability to resist natural disasters, adapting to the production needs of facility agriculture in the north.

[0128] The greenhouse environment integrated control system and greenhouse based on multi-source heat storage and release provided in this application adopt wet curtain ventilation and ground heat exchange coupling technology and greenhouse soil layered heat collection and release technology. It utilizes "soil-air-water" multi-cycle and heat storage and release medium, integrates active and passive heat storage and release forms, and integrates built-in and external heat collection methods. It can improve the heat storage capacity and light and heat resource utilization efficiency of large-span external insulation plastic greenhouses, enhance the comprehensive control capability of greenhouse environment, get rid of dependence on traditional energy, and reduce environmental control operation costs.

[0129] The system and greenhouse of this application are equipped with a hot water storage body and heat storage walls, which have a large heat capacity and can passively absorb solar radiation and air heat energy inside the greenhouse. At the same time, the greenhouse soil adopts a layered heat storage design, with the middle layer storing outdoor solar radiation energy absorbed by solar collectors, and the lower layer storing waste air heat inside the greenhouse through ground heat exchange. Therefore, the greenhouse forms multiple heat storage units including water bodies, walls, and layered soil, with outstanding heat storage capacity. Thus, through the synergistic effect of active and passive heat storage, the utilization efficiency of solar and thermal resources in the greenhouse is greatly improved.

[0130] The system and greenhouse of this application feature multiple heat release units, including hot water storage and release bodies, heat storage walls, and layered soil. The system boasts high stability, and through coordinated management and scheduling by control equipment, it can ensure a suitable thermal environment for crop growth within the greenhouse and enhance the greenhouse's ability to withstand low temperatures under adverse weather conditions such as prolonged cloudy days. Simultaneously, the wet curtain ventilation and ground heat exchange device enable evaporative cooling during high-temperature seasons. Therefore, the system and greenhouse of this application possess comprehensive environmental regulation functions, enhancing the overall control capability of the greenhouse environment and ensuring efficient and high-quality year-round production of greenhouse crops.

[0131] Using the system and greenhouse of this application, the heating heat source for the greenhouse comes from indoor and outdoor solar radiation energy and waste heat from indoor air, which are clean and renewable energy sources with low energy acquisition and utilization costs; the greenhouse cooling adopts mechanical ventilation and evaporative cooling, which has a high energy efficiency ratio. Therefore, the system and greenhouse of this application can enable large-span externally insulated plastic greenhouses to break away from dependence on traditional energy sources, reduce environmental control operating costs, and achieve low-carbon, energy-saving, cost-saving and efficiency-enhancing greenhouse production.

[0132] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate this application and are not intended to limit this application. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various combinations, modifications, or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions of this application do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of this application and should be covered within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A comprehensive greenhouse environment control system based on multi-source heat storage and release, used to regulate the temperature inside the greenhouse, characterized in that, include: A wet curtain ventilation and ground heat exchange device is installed inside a greenhouse to actively recover and utilize waste heat from the greenhouse air to increase the greenhouse ground and air temperatures, as well as for ventilation and cooling. The device includes a wind box shell, a fan, a filter, wet curtains, and ground heat exchange ventilation ducts. The wet curtains are equipped with a wet curtain water pump. The wind box shell has an air outlet. The first end of the ground heat exchange ventilation duct is connected to the air outlet, and the second end is connected to the interior space of the greenhouse, forming a ground heat exchange terminal outlet. The ground heat exchange ventilation duct includes a main ground heat exchange ventilation pipe and branch ground heat exchange ventilation pipes, which are arranged in the lower layer of soil inside the greenhouse. A solar water heating soil heat collection device is used to collect outdoor solar radiation to increase the soil temperature and air temperature of a greenhouse. The solar water heating soil heat collection device includes a solar collector, a solar heat collection circulating water pump, and a solar heat collection circulating water pipe. The solar collector is installed outside the greenhouse. The first end of the solar heat collection circulating water pipe is connected to the liquid outlet of the solar collector, the main body of which is set in the middle layer of soil inside the greenhouse, and the second end is connected to the liquid return port of the solar collector. A passive water heat storage and release device is installed inside a greenhouse to enhance the greenhouse's heat storage capacity by passively collecting and releasing heat through water, thereby increasing the greenhouse temperature; the passive water heat storage and release device includes a water body for storing and releasing heat. Heat storage walls are used as greenhouse walls to store and release heat. Control equipment, including greenhouse environment and energy controllers and sensors, is used to collect greenhouse and system parameters and coordinate the scheduling and control of wet curtain ventilation and ground heat exchange devices, solar water heating soil heat collection devices and water body passive heat storage and release devices. The greenhouse environment and energy controller is connected to the wet curtain ventilation and ground heat exchange device, the solar water heating soil heat collection device, and the water passive heat storage and release device; the greenhouse environment and energy controller has a built-in automatic control program, which performs coordinated management and scheduling of the system and greenhouse environment regulation equipment according to the preset control process and mode priority, environmental target setting point, equipment control constraints and real-time feedback data from sensors. The preset scheduling rules are as follows: In the cold season and when the greenhouse needs heating, the passive water storage and release mode and the greenhouse heat storage wall storage and release mode are used first. If the passive water storage and release mode and the greenhouse heat storage wall storage and release mode cannot meet the demand, the solar water heating soil collection and release mode and the ground heat exchange greenhouse air waste heat recovery and utilization mode are used in sequence. In the summer and when the greenhouse needs cooling in addition to natural ventilation, the positive pressure wet curtain ventilation and cooling mode is used. The greenhouse environment and energy controller integrates weather forecast information and adopts model predictive control to achieve predictive optimization management and scheduling of greenhouse environment and energy; The soil inside the greenhouse is vertically divided into a topsoil layer, a middle soil layer, and a bottom soil layer. The topsoil layer is used for greenhouse crop cultivation and has a depth of 0–40 cm. The middle soil layer is used to actively store and passively release outdoor solar radiation energy collected by the solar water heating soil collector device, and the solar heat collection circulating water pipes are buried in the middle soil layer at a depth of 40–70 cm. The bottom soil layer is used to actively store and release waste heat from the greenhouse air recovered by the wet curtain ventilation and underground heat exchange device, and the underground heat exchange ventilation pipes are buried in the bottom soil layer at a depth of 70–110 cm.

2. The greenhouse environment integrated control system based on multi-source heat storage and release according to claim 1, characterized in that, The greenhouse environment integrated control system based on multi-source heat storage and release includes: Passive heat storage and release mode of water body: implemented by passive heat storage and release device of water body; when there is solar radiation in the room during the day or the water temperature of the stored hot water body is lower than the air temperature in the greenhouse, the stored hot water body passively collects heat; when the water temperature of the stored hot water body is higher than the air temperature in the greenhouse, the stored hot water body passively releases heat. Solar hot water soil heat collection and release mode: Implemented by a solar hot water soil heat collection device; the solar collector absorbs outdoor solar radiation to raise its internal water temperature. When the water temperature of the solar collector is higher than the temperature of the middle layer of soil in the greenhouse and reaches the set temperature difference, the solar collector circulating water pump is turned on, driving the hot water to circulate in the solar collector circulating water pipe and exchange heat with the middle layer of soil in the greenhouse, actively storing the heat collected by the solar collector in the middle layer of soil in the greenhouse; when the indoor air temperature and the surface soil temperature in the greenhouse are lower than the middle layer soil temperature, the heat stored in the middle layer of soil in the greenhouse is passively released into the greenhouse. The waste heat recovery and utilization mode of the air in the underground heat exchange greenhouse is implemented by evaporative cooling pad ventilation and an underground heat exchange device. When the temperature inside the greenhouse rises to the reference temperature for waste heat generation and heat storage is required during the day, the evaporative cooling pad pump is turned off, the fan is started, and the top and side vents of the greenhouse are closed simultaneously to form an internal air circulation within the greenhouse. The hot air inside the greenhouse, driven by the fan, passes through the filter screen and enters the air box shell, and then enters the underground heat exchange ventilation duct through the air box outlet. The hot air exchanges heat with the lower layer of soil inside the greenhouse through the underground heat exchange ventilation duct, storing the air's heat energy in the lower layer of soil inside the greenhouse. The cooled greenhouse air is then cooled by the underground heat exchange device. The air from the end outlet returns to the greenhouse; when the indoor temperature drops to the target heating temperature at night, the wet curtain water pump is turned off, the fan is started, and the top and side ventilation openings of the greenhouse are closed at the same time to form an internal air circulation in the greenhouse; the cold air in the greenhouse, driven by the fan, passes through the filter screen and enters the air box shell, and enters the ground heat exchange ventilation duct through the air box outlet. The cold air exchanges heat with the lower layer of soil in the greenhouse through the ground heat exchange ventilation duct, and the heat stored in the lower layer of soil in the greenhouse is released into the circulating air. The heated greenhouse air returns to the greenhouse through the end outlet of the ground heat exchange to achieve the heating purpose; The heat storage and release mode of the greenhouse heat storage wall: implemented by the heat storage wall; when there is solar radiation inside the greenhouse during the day or the temperature of the heat storage wall is lower than the temperature inside the greenhouse, the heat storage wall passively collects heat; when the temperature of the heat storage wall is higher than the temperature inside the greenhouse, the heat storage wall passively releases heat. Positive pressure evaporative cooling mode: Implemented by evaporative cooling and ground heat exchange device; In summer, when the temperature inside the greenhouse is higher than the target cooling temperature, the evaporative cooling water pump is started, the fan is started, and the top and side vents of the greenhouse are opened at the same time to form an external air circulation in the greenhouse; The dry and hot air outside the greenhouse enters the greenhouse through the side vents under the drive of the fan, passes through the filter screen and enters the air box shell. After being cooled by evaporation of the evaporative cooling, the humid and cold air enters the ground heat exchange ventilation pipe through the air box outlet, and then is sent into the greenhouse through the air outlet of the ground heat exchange terminal, pushing the hot air inside the greenhouse to be discharged through the top vent to achieve the purpose of cooling.

3. The greenhouse environment integrated control system based on multi-source heat storage and release according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat storage body is a black water bag supported and fixed by a metal frame; the black water bag is designed to store and release heat in winter and drain the water in summer to reduce the adverse effects on the day-night temperature difference in the greenhouse. When the greenhouse is oriented north-south and has a symmetrical structure, the hot water storage and dispensing bodies are spaced out and distributed on both sides of the passageway in the middle of the greenhouse; the metal frame is connected to the greenhouse columns. When the shed is an east-west oriented, asymmetrical structure, the hot water storage and release bodies are spaced out and dispersed in the bottom corner area of ​​the south roof of the shed; The passive heat storage and release device for water also includes a water heat storage and release circulation pump and a water heat storage and release circulation pipeline; the water heat storage and release circulation pipeline is connected in series with the stored and released hot water body and is driven by the water heat storage and release circulation pump to circulate the water in the stored and released hot water body, so as to improve the uniformity of water temperature distribution inside the stored and released hot water body and improve the passive heat collection and heat release efficiency of the passive heat storage and release device for water.

4. The greenhouse environment integrated control system based on multi-source heat storage and release according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circulating working fluid of the solar water heating soil collector is a mixture of water and antifreeze; the solar collector is installed on the top of the greenhouse buffer room to obtain solar radiation and save agricultural land. The solar thermal collector circulating water pipeline includes an above-ground pipeline section and an underground pipeline section; The above-ground pipeline section is used for the transmission of circulating working fluid between the solar collector and the underground pipeline section. The above-ground pipeline section uses high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant composite pipes or stainless steel pipes, and is equipped with an insulation layer to reduce heat loss. The underground pipeline is buried in the middle layer of soil inside the shed for heat exchange with the soil. The underground pipeline is made of pressure-resistant, corrosion-resistant, and aging-resistant high-density polyethylene or cross-linked polyethylene.

5. The greenhouse environment integrated control system based on multi-source heat storage and release according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air box shell is made of metal, and the filter screen and the wet curtain are provided on at least three sides of the air box shell to increase the installation area of ​​the wet curtain and improve the evaporative cooling effect; The fan is a centrifugal fan, equipped with a frequency converter, to meet the high-efficiency and energy-saving air volume requirements of the underground heat exchange shed air waste heat recovery and utilization mode and the positive pressure wet curtain ventilation and cooling mode respectively; The filter screen is a dustproof filter screen; The evaporative cooling pad is made of cellulose paper or composite polymer material; The underground heat exchange ventilation duct is made of high-density polyethylene, heat-resistant polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, or polypropylene; the cross-sectional shape of the underground heat exchange ventilation branch pipe is circular or a trough-shaped structure to increase the heat exchange area, so as to improve air circulation and heat exchange performance; the underground heat exchange ventilation branch pipes are laid evenly in parallel to ensure balanced airflow distribution and improve heat exchange efficiency. When the greenhouse is oriented north-south and has a symmetrical structure, the air box shells are installed at intervals in the bottom corner areas of the east and west roofs of the greenhouse, adjacent to the side ventilation openings of the greenhouse; the air outlets of the underground heat exchange terminals are arranged on both sides of the passage in the middle of the greenhouse and the air is discharged vertically upward. When the greenhouse is an east-west oriented, asymmetrical structure, the air box shells are spaced apart and dispersed in the bottom corner area of ​​the north roof of the greenhouse, adjacent to the side ventilation openings of the greenhouse; the air outlet of the ground heat exchange terminal is arranged in the bottom corner area of ​​the south roof of the greenhouse, and / or, the air outlet of the ground heat exchange terminal is arranged in the middle area of ​​the greenhouse and discharges air vertically upward.

6. The greenhouse environment integrated control system based on multi-source heat storage and release according to claim 2, characterized in that, The evaporative cooling and ground heat exchange device also includes an additional outdoor air inlet duct, which connects the air box shell to the outdoor air and is equipped with an outdoor air inlet valve; an indoor air inlet valve is installed at the indoor air inlet of the air box shell; the evaporative cooling pad is arranged on the surface of the air box shell connected to the outdoor air inlet duct so that the outdoor air is cooled by evaporation when it enters the air box shell. The positive pressure wet curtain ventilation and cooling mode also includes: in summer, when the temperature inside the greenhouse is higher than the target cooling temperature, opening the outdoor air inlet valve, closing the indoor air inlet valve, and simultaneously opening the top ventilation opening and the side ventilation opening to form an external air circulation in the greenhouse; The waste heat recovery and utilization mode of the underground heat exchange greenhouse also includes: when the indoor temperature rises to the reference temperature for waste heat generation and heat storage is required during the day, the outdoor air inlet valve is closed, the indoor air inlet valve is opened, and the top and side vents of the greenhouse are closed at the same time to form an internal air circulation in the greenhouse.

7. The greenhouse environment integrated control system based on multi-source heat storage and release according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sampling period and filtering strategy of the sensor are set by the greenhouse environment and energy controller to support closed-loop control and predictive scheduling; the sensor includes: Environmental parameter monitoring sensors are used to monitor indoor air temperature and humidity, solar radiation, and outdoor air temperature and humidity, solar radiation, wind speed and wind direction. Soil moisture monitoring sensors are used to monitor soil profile temperature inside greenhouses; System operating parameter monitoring sensors are used to monitor pipeline wind speed, inlet and outlet air temperature, circulating water flow rate and temperature, circulating working fluid flow rate and temperature, and liquid level; System status and safety monitoring sensors are used to detect system faults or leaks.

8. A greenhouse based on multi-source heat storage and release, characterized in that, Includes the multi-source heat storage and release-based greenhouse environment integrated control system as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, greenhouse roof, external insulation blanket, top ventilation opening and side ventilation opening; The heat storage wall is a brick wall, a concrete wall, a composite wall containing a phase change energy storage layer, or a lightweight wall mixed with fly ash particles, in order to improve the heat storage and release performance and structural stability. When the greenhouse based on multi-source heat storage and release has a north-south orientation and a symmetrical structure, the heat storage wall is set at the east and west ends of the greenhouse, serving as the east and west walls of the greenhouse, and is connected to the corresponding roof structure. When the greenhouse based on multi-source heat storage and release has an east-west orientation and an asymmetrical structure, the heat storage wall is set at the north end of the greenhouse as the north wall of the greenhouse and is connected to the north roof of the greenhouse.

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