Method for producing silage raw material by intercropping sweet sorghum and sesbania

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for producing a silage raw material by intercropping sweet sorghum and sesbania cannabina, which can effectively improve the land utilization rate, improve the soil structure, improve the yield and quality of forage grass crops and reduce the breeding cost. According to the method, an intercropping mode is adopted, through reasonable configuration of the sweet sorghum and sesbania in time and space, the fresh and hay yield of the sweet sorghum can be effectively increased, the nutritional quality of mixed forage grass can be improved, and economic income can be increased; the problem of insufficient supply of local forage grass is solved, and the breeding cost is reduced; meanwhile, when the sowing rate ratio of the sweet sorghum to the sesbania is larger than 1: 1, growth of the sweet sorghum and the sesbania is benefited, it is indicated that the sweet sorghum and the sesbania form a stable coexisting competitive pattern, and after mixed sowing of the sweet sorghum and the sesbania, the problems that the gramineous protein content is low and the leguminous forage carbohydrate content is low can be solved to a certain extent; the fresh and hay yield and the nutritional quality of the mixed forage grass are greatly improved. The method is suitable for popularization and application in the technical field of forage grass planting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of forage planting technology, specifically relating to a method for producing silage raw materials by intercropping sweet sorghum and sesbania. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's animal husbandry and the deepening of the "Greater Food Concept" strategy, the food supply system is transforming from a single grain crop to a diversified food resource system. Forage, as the core material foundation for animal husbandry development, has become a crucial support for implementing the "Greater Food Concept." Sichuan Province, as an important animal husbandry industrial cluster in Southwest my country, possesses abundant grassland resources, but faces problems such as low forage yield and insufficient utilization of grassland resources, with a prominent contradiction between the supply and demand of high-quality forage. The Chengdu Plain, as an important agricultural production area in Southwest my country, despite its favorable climate and fertile soil, has very limited land resources available for forage cultivation. Therefore, achieving a coordinated improvement in forage yield and quality on limited land resources is key to the development of the forage industry in the Chengdu Plain.

[0003] Sweet sorghum and sesbania, as two important forage crops, are characterized by high yield, strong stress resistance, strong nitrogen fixation ability, and rich nutrition, respectively. The existing technology, "A Method for Intercropping Sorghum and Labrador in Dryland Mountainous Areas," discloses the intercropping of sorghum and Labrador in dryland mountainous areas of northern China for forage production. However, this technology has the following technical problems: First, covering the land with plastic film causes white pollution; second, seedling establishment and transplanting require a large amount of manpower, increasing the grower's production costs; third, the intercropping of sorghum and Labrador causes a temporal and spatial mismatch, resulting in the nutritional quality of the two forage crops not reaching their optimal level at harvest time; and finally, this method is only suitable for dryland areas in the north and not for southern regions.

[0004] The existing technology, "The Influence of Different Planting Densities on the Yield of Silage Maize Intercropped with Forage Lentils," also has the following technical problems: First, maize is an annual plant, and after being cut, it does not produce new tillers and cannot grow again. Therefore, it can only be cut once, which means that more forage cannot be produced on the limited land in the south, resulting in a waste of time and space. Second, forage lentils are a twining type of forage crop with many branches. If the planting density of maize cannot be determined properly, it will lead to a reduction in yield.

[0005] As can be seen from the above, how to effectively improve land utilization, improve soil structure, and increase the yield and quality of forage crops is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for producing silage raw materials by intercropping sweet sorghum and sesbania, which can effectively improve land utilization, improve soil structure, increase the yield and quality of forage crops, and reduce breeding costs.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is as follows: a method for producing silage raw material by intercropping sweet sorghum and sesbania, comprising the following steps:

[0008] A. Site selection and land preparation: Select a plot of land that is relatively flat, with a gentle slope, easy to irrigate, convenient to transport, with a thick soil layer, good water source conditions, and a relatively large contiguous area. Remove stones, plow and harrow the land. Apply base fertilizer before or during cultivation, and harrow and compact the land after cultivation.

[0009] B. Variety selection: Select sweet sorghum varieties and sesbania varieties that are fast-growing, lodging resistant, adaptable, high-yielding, and of good quality;

[0010] C. Sowing: Sweet sorghum is sown in rows, with sesbania intercropped between two rows of sweet sorghum. The ratio of the planting density of sweet sorghum to that of sesbania is greater than 1.

[0011] D. Field management: Regularly check and thin seedlings, remove weeds, apply fertilizer, and control diseases and pests;

[0012] E. Harvesting: When the sweet sorghum is 1.2-1.5m tall, it is harvested together with sesbania, leaving a stubble height of 10-15cm. The harvesting is repeated every 40 days thereafter, and the harvesting is carried out 2-3 times a year.

[0013] Furthermore, in step A, the base fertilizer is organic fertilizer, and the application rate is 20,000-30,000 kg / hm². 2 .

[0014] Furthermore, in step A, the plowing depth is 20 cm or more.

[0015] Furthermore, in step B, the sweet sorghum variety is selected as 'Hercules', and the sesbania variety is selected as 'Zhongkejing No. 1' sesbania.

[0016] Furthermore, in step C, the row spacing for sweet sorghum sowing is 40cm, the plant spacing is 20cm, and the planting density is 16.50 kg·hm². -2 The planting density for sesame seed row sowing is 11.25 kg·hm². -2 .

[0017] Furthermore, in step D, the specific method for checking and fixing seedlings is as follows: when the sweet sorghum has grown to 3-4 leaves, the seedlings are fixed, large and strong seedlings are retained, 2 seedlings are left in each hole, the field is well ventilated and has good light penetration, and missing seedlings are immediately transplanted and replanted on the spot.

[0018] Furthermore, in step D, the weeding is done manually, and the soil is turned over and loosened during the weeding process.

[0019] Furthermore, in step D, the specific method of topdressing is as follows: apply 160 kg / hm² of urea during the jointing stage of sweet sorghum or after each harvest. -2 .

[0020] Furthermore, in step D, the specific method of pest and disease control is as follows: when pests occur on sweet sorghum or sesbania, timely application of imidacloprid or deltamethrin is used for chemical control.

[0021] Furthermore, in step E, the harvested sweet sorghum and sesbania are sun-dried in the field for 6-8 hours to achieve a moisture content of 65-70%.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The method of intercropping sweet sorghum and sesbania to produce silage raw materials adopts an intercropping approach. Through the rational allocation of sweet sorghum and sesbania in time and space, it can effectively increase the fresh and dry yield of sweet sorghum, improve the nutritional quality of mixed forage, and increase economic income. It can produce high-yield and high-quality forage on limited land in the Chengdu Plain and low-to-medium altitude mountainous areas, solve the problem of insufficient local forage supply, reduce breeding costs, and achieve a balanced supply of forage when forage is scarce in winter and spring. At the same time, when the sowing ratio of sweet sorghum to sesbania is greater than 1:1, the growth of both sweet sorghum and sesbania benefits, indicating that the two form a stable competitive pattern of coexistence. After intercropping, it can solve the problem of low protein content of grass and low carbohydrate content of leguminous forage to a certain extent, and greatly improve the fresh and dry yield and nutritional quality of mixed forage. It provides a theoretical basis and technical reference for the high-quality and efficient production of sweet sorghum in low-to-medium altitude areas. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating the case of sweet sorghum being planted alone, as described in Comparative Example 4 of this invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating the situation of sesbania cultivation as described in Comparative Example 5 of this invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating the intercropping of sweet sorghum and sesbania as described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments.

[0027] The method for producing silage raw materials by intercropping sweet sorghum and sesbania as described in this invention includes the following steps:

[0028] A. Site Selection and Land Preparation: Select a plot of land that is relatively flat, with a gentle slope, convenient irrigation, easy access, thick soil layer, good water source conditions, and a relatively large contiguous area. Remove stones, plow and harrow to a depth of at least 20cm. Apply base fertilizer, which should be organic fertilizer, at a rate of 20,000-30,000 kg / hm² before or during cultivation. 2 After plowing, the land is harrowed and compacted. Harrowing serves to prevent drought and conserve moisture, level the ground, break up soil clods, loosen topsoil, and lightly compact the soil. Tools used include disc harrows and spiked harrows. Compaction can level the ground, break up soil clods, compact the soil layer, improve moisture retention, and create favorable conditions for seed germination.

[0029] B. Variety selection: Select sweet sorghum varieties and sesbania varieties that are fast-growing, lodging resistant, adaptable, high-yielding, and of good quality; the sweet sorghum variety selected is 'Hercules', and the sesbania variety selected is 'Zhongkejing No. 1' sesbania.

[0030] C. Sowing: Sweet sorghum is sown in rows, with sesbania intercropped between rows of sweet sorghum. The planting density ratio of sweet sorghum to sesbania is greater than 1. The row spacing for sweet sorghum sowing is 40 cm, and the plant spacing is 20 cm. The optimal planting density is 16.50 kg·hm². -2 The optimal planting density for sesbania row sowing is 11.25 kg·hm². -2 ;

[0031] D. Field Management: Regularly check and thin seedlings, weed, apply fertilizer, and control pests and diseases. The specific method for checking and thinning seedlings is as follows: Thin seedlings when the sweet sorghum has 3-4 leaves, retaining large and strong seedlings, leaving 2 seedlings per hole, ensuring good ventilation and light penetration in the field, and immediately transplanting any missing seedlings to replace them. Weeding is done manually, and the soil is tilled and loosened during weeding. The specific method for applying fertilizer is as follows: Apply 160 kg / ha of urea during the jointing stage of the sweet sorghum or after each harvest. -2 The specific methods for pest and disease control are as follows: when pests occur on sweet sorghum or sesbania, apply imidacloprid or deltamethrin for timely control.

[0032] E. Harvesting: When the sweet sorghum is 1.2-1.5m tall, it is harvested together with sesbania, leaving a stubble height of 10-15cm. The harvesting is repeated every 40 days, 2-3 times a year. After harvesting, the sweet sorghum and sesbania are dried in the field for 6-8 hours to achieve a moisture content of 65-70%.

[0033] This invention discloses a method for producing silage raw materials through intercropping sweet sorghum and sesbania. By rationally configuring sweet sorghum and sesbania in time and space, it effectively increases the fresh and dry yields of sweet sorghum, improves the nutritional quality of the mixed forage, and increases economic income. It produces high-yield, high-quality forage on limited land in the Chengdu Plain and low-to-medium altitude mountainous areas, solving the local forage shortage, reducing breeding costs, and achieving a balanced forage supply during the winter and spring seasons when forage is scarce. Furthermore, when the sowing ratio of sweet sorghum to sesbania is greater than 1:1, both sweet sorghum and sesbania benefit, indicating a stable and competitive relationship. Intercropping can, to some extent, address the problems of low protein content in gramineous plants and low carbohydrate content in leguminous forage, significantly improving the fresh and dry yields and nutritional quality of the mixed forage. This provides a theoretical basis and technical reference for the high-quality and efficient production of sweet sorghum in low-to-medium altitude areas.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] A. Site Selection and Land Preparation: Select a plot of land that is relatively flat, with a gentle slope, convenient irrigation, easy access, thick soil layer, good water source conditions, and a relatively large contiguous area. Remove stones, plow and harrow the land. Apply organic fertilizer before or during cultivation at a rate of 20,000-30,000 kg / hm². 2 After plowing, the land should be harrowed and compacted; the plowing depth should be more than 20cm.

[0036] B. Variety selection: Select sweet sorghum varieties that are fast-growing, lodging resistant, adaptable, high-yielding, and of good quality. In this example, we select 'Hercules' sweet sorghum and 'Zhongkejing No. 1' sessor.

[0037] C. Sowing: Choose spring when the average temperature is above 14℃. Sweet sorghum is sown in rows with a row spacing of 40cm and a plant spacing of 20cm, with a planting density of 16.50 kg·hm². -2 Sesbania sesquiteriensis was intercropped between two rows of sweet sorghum, with the sesbania sesquiteriensis planted in rows at a density of 11.25 kg·hm². -2 ;

[0038] D. Field Management:

[0039] a. Checking and thinning seedlings: Thinning should be carried out when the sweet sorghum has grown to 3-4 leaves. Large and strong seedlings should be retained, with 2 seedlings left in each hole. The field should be well ventilated and have good light penetration. If there are missing seedlings, they should be transplanted and replanted on the spot immediately.

[0040] b. Weed control: Herbicides should not be used for weed control (sorghum belongs to the grass family, and sesbania is a legume). If there are too many weeds during the seedling stage, they should be removed manually. The soil can be turned over and loosened while weeding.

[0041] c. Topdressing: Apply 160 kg·hm-2 of urea during the jointing stage of sweet sorghum or after each harvest;

[0042] d. Pest and disease control: When pests occur on sweet sorghum or sesbania, apply imidacloprid or deltamethrin in a timely manner for pesticide control;

[0043] E. Harvest: such as Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating the intercropping of sweet sorghum and sesbania as described in this invention. When the sweet sorghum is 1.2-1.5m tall, it is harvested together with sesbania using a machine. The initial stubble height is 12-15cm. The first harvest is carried out after three months, and the harvesting is repeated every 40 days thereafter, for a total of 2-3 harvests per year. After harvesting, the sweet sorghum and sesbania are dried in the field for 6-8 hours to achieve a moisture content of 65-70%. The stubble height is increased by 2cm each time the crop is harvested again.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] A. Site Selection and Land Preparation: Select a plot of land that is relatively flat, with a gentle slope, convenient irrigation, easy access, thick soil layer, good water source conditions, and a relatively large contiguous area. Remove stones, plow and harrow the land. Apply organic fertilizer before or during cultivation at a rate of 20,000-30,000 kg / hm². 2 After plowing, the land should be harrowed and compacted; the plowing depth should be more than 20cm.

[0046] B. Variety selection: Select sweet sorghum varieties and sesbania varieties that are fast-growing, lodging resistant, adaptable, high-yielding, and of good quality. In this example, we select 'Hercules' sweet sorghum and 'Zhongkejing No. 1' sesbania.

[0047] C. Sowing: Choose spring when the average temperature is above 14℃. Sweet sorghum is sown in rows with a row spacing of 40cm and a plant spacing of 20cm, with a planting density of 14.67 kg·hm². -2 Sesbania sesquiteriensis was intercropped between two rows of sweet sorghum, with the sesbania sesquiteriensis planted in rows at a density of 30.00 kg·hm². -2 ;

[0048] D. Field Management:

[0049] a. Checking and thinning seedlings: Thinning should be carried out when the sweet sorghum has grown to 3-4 leaves. Large and strong seedlings should be retained, with 2 seedlings left in each hole. The field should be well ventilated and have good light penetration. If there are missing seedlings, they should be transplanted and replanted on the spot immediately.

[0050] b. Weed control: Herbicides should not be used for weed control (sorghum belongs to the grass family, and sesbania is a legume). If there are too many weeds during the seedling stage, they should be removed manually. The soil can be turned over and loosened while weeding.

[0051] c. Topdressing: Apply 160 kg·hm-2 of urea during the jointing stage of sweet sorghum or after each harvest;

[0052] d. Pest and disease control: When pests occur on sweet sorghum or sesbania, apply imidacloprid or deltamethrin in a timely manner for pesticide control;

[0053] E. Harvesting: When the sweet sorghum is 1.2-1.5m tall, it is harvested by machine together with sesbania. The initial stubble height is 12-15cm. The first harvest is carried out after three months, and the harvest is repeated every 40 days thereafter, for a total of 2-3 harvests per year. After harvesting, the sweet sorghum and sesbania are dried in the field for 6-8 hours to achieve a moisture content of 65-70%. The stubble height is increased by 2cm each time it is harvested.

[0054] Comparative Example 1

[0055] A. Site Selection and Land Preparation: Select a plot of land that is relatively flat, with a gentle slope, convenient irrigation, easy access, thick soil layer, good water source conditions, and a relatively large contiguous area. Remove stones, plow and harrow the land. Apply organic fertilizer before or during cultivation at a rate of 20,000-30,000 kg / hm². 2 After plowing, the land should be harrowed and compacted; the plowing depth should be more than 20cm.

[0056] B. Variety selection: Select sweet sorghum varieties and sesbania varieties that are fast-growing, lodging resistant, adaptable, high-yielding, and of good quality. In this example, we select 'Hercules' sweet sorghum and 'Zhongkejing No. 1' sesbania.

[0057] C. Sowing: Choose spring when the average temperature is above 14℃. Sweet sorghum is sown in rows with a row spacing of 40cm and a plant spacing of 20cm, with a planting density of 11.00 kg·hm². -2 Sesbania sesquiteriensis was intercropped between two rows of sweet sorghum, with the sesbania sesquiteriensis planted in rows at a density of 22.50 kg·hm². -2 ;

[0058] D. Field Management:

[0059] a. Checking and thinning seedlings: Thinning should be carried out when the sweet sorghum has grown to 3-4 leaves. Large and strong seedlings should be retained, with 2 seedlings left in each hole. The field should be well ventilated and have good light penetration. If there are missing seedlings, they should be transplanted and replanted on the spot immediately.

[0060] b. Weed control: Herbicides should not be used for weed control (sorghum belongs to the grass family, and sesbania is a legume). If there are too many weeds during the seedling stage, they should be removed manually. The soil can be turned over and loosened while weeding.

[0061] c. Topdressing: Apply 160 kg·hm-2 of urea during the jointing stage of sweet sorghum or after each harvest;

[0062] d. Pest and disease control: When pests occur on sweet sorghum or sesbania, apply imidacloprid or deltamethrin in a timely manner for pesticide control;

[0063] E. Harvesting: When the sweet sorghum is 1.2-1.5m tall, it is harvested by machine together with sesbania. The initial stubble height is 12-15cm. The first harvest is carried out after three months, and the harvest is repeated every 40 days thereafter, for a total of 2-3 harvests per year. After harvesting, the sweet sorghum and sesbania are dried in the field for 6-8 hours to achieve a moisture content of 65-70%. The stubble height is increased by 2cm each time it is harvested.

[0064] Comparative Example 2

[0065] A. Site Selection and Land Preparation: Select a plot of land that is relatively flat, with a gentle slope, convenient irrigation, easy access, thick soil layer, good water source conditions, and a relatively large contiguous area. Remove stones, plow and harrow the land. Apply organic fertilizer before or during cultivation at a rate of 20,000-30,000 kg / hm². 2 After plowing, the land should be harrowed and compacted; the plowing depth should be more than 20cm.

[0066] B. Variety selection: Select sweet sorghum varieties and sesbania varieties that are fast-growing, lodging resistant, adaptable, high-yielding, and of good quality. In this example, we select 'Hercules' sweet sorghum and 'Zhongkejing No. 1' sesbania.

[0067] C. Sowing: Choose spring when the average temperature is above 14℃. Sweet sorghum is sown in rows with a row spacing of 40cm and a plant spacing of 20cm, with a planting density of 7.33kg·hm. -2 Sesbania sesquiteriensis was intercropped between two rows of sweet sorghum, with the sesbania sesquiteriensis planted in rows at a density of 30.00 kg·hm². -2 ;

[0068] D. Field Management:

[0069] a. Checking and thinning seedlings: Thinning should be carried out when the sweet sorghum has grown to 3-4 leaves. Large and strong seedlings should be retained, with 2 seedlings left in each hole. The field should be well ventilated and have good light penetration. If there are missing seedlings, they should be transplanted and replanted on the spot immediately.

[0070] b. Weed control: Herbicides should not be used for weed control (sorghum belongs to the grass family, and sesbania is a legume). If there are too many weeds during the seedling stage, they should be removed manually. The soil can be turned over and loosened while weeding.

[0071] c. Topdressing: Apply 160 kg·hm-2 of urea during the jointing stage of sweet sorghum or after each harvest;

[0072] d. Pest and disease control: When pests occur on sweet sorghum or sesbania, apply imidacloprid or deltamethrin in a timely manner for pesticide control;

[0073] E. Harvesting: When the sweet sorghum is 1.2-1.5m tall, it is harvested by machine together with sesbania. The initial stubble height is 12-15cm. The first harvest is carried out after three months, and the harvest is repeated every 40 days thereafter, for a total of 2-3 harvests per year. After harvesting, the sweet sorghum and sesbania are dried in the field for 6-8 hours to achieve a moisture content of 65-70%. The stubble height is increased by 2cm each time it is harvested.

[0074] Comparative Example 3

[0075] A. Site Selection and Land Preparation: Select a plot of land that is relatively flat, with a gentle slope, convenient irrigation, easy access, thick soil layer, good water source conditions, and a relatively large contiguous area. Remove stones, plow and harrow the land. Apply organic fertilizer before or during cultivation at a rate of 20,000-30,000 kg / hm². 2 After plowing, the land should be harrowed and compacted; the plowing depth should be more than 20cm.

[0076] B. Variety selection: Select sweet sorghum varieties and sesbania varieties that are fast-growing, lodging resistant, adaptable, high-yielding, and of good quality. In this example, we select 'Hercules' sweet sorghum and 'Zhongkejing No. 1' sesbania.

[0077] C. Sowing: Choose spring when the average temperature is above 14℃. Sweet sorghum is sown in rows with a row spacing of 40cm and a plant spacing of 20cm, with a planting density of 5.50 kg·hm². -2 Sesbania sesquiteriensis was intercropped between two rows of sweet sorghum, with the sesbania sesquiteriensis planted in rows at a density of 33.75 kg·hm². -2 ;

[0078] D. Field Management:

[0079] a. Checking and thinning seedlings: Thinning should be carried out when the sweet sorghum has grown to 3-4 leaves. Large and strong seedlings should be retained, with 2 seedlings left in each hole. The field should be well ventilated and have good light penetration. If there are missing seedlings, they should be transplanted and replanted on the spot immediately.

[0080] b. Weed control: Herbicides should not be used for weed control (sorghum belongs to the grass family, and sesbania is a legume). If there are too many weeds during the seedling stage, they should be removed manually. The soil can be turned over and loosened while weeding.

[0081] c. Topdressing: Apply 160 kg·hm-2 of urea during the jointing stage of sweet sorghum or after each harvest;

[0082] d. Pest and disease control: When pests occur on sweet sorghum or sesbania, apply imidacloprid or deltamethrin in a timely manner for pesticide control;

[0083] E. Harvesting: When the sweet sorghum is 1.2-1.5m tall, it is harvested by machine together with sesbania. The initial stubble height is 12-15cm. The first harvest is carried out after three months, and the harvest is repeated every 40 days thereafter, for a total of 2-3 harvests per year. After harvesting, the sweet sorghum and sesbania are dried in the field for 6-8 hours to achieve a moisture content of 65-70%. The stubble height is increased by 2cm each time it is harvested.

[0084] Comparative Example 4

[0085] A. Site Selection and Land Preparation: Select a plot of land that is relatively flat, with a gentle slope, convenient irrigation, easy access, thick soil layer, good water source conditions, and a relatively large contiguous area. Remove stones, plow and harrow the land. Apply organic fertilizer before or during cultivation at a rate of 20,000-30,000 kg / hm². 2 After plowing, the land should be harrowed and compacted; the plowing depth should be more than 20cm.

[0086] B. Variety selection: Select sweet sorghum varieties that are fast-growing, lodging resistant, adaptable, high-yielding, and of good quality. In this example, 'Hercules' sweet sorghum is selected.

[0087] C. Sowing: Choose spring when the average temperature is above 14℃. Sweet sorghum is sown in rows with a row spacing of 40cm and a plant spacing of 20cm, with a planting density of 22.00 kg·hm². -2 ;

[0088] D. Field Management:

[0089] a. Checking and thinning seedlings: Thinning should be carried out when the sweet sorghum has grown to 3-4 leaves. Large and strong seedlings should be retained, with 2 seedlings left in each hole. The field should be well ventilated and have good light penetration. If there are missing seedlings, they should be transplanted and replanted on the spot immediately.

[0090] b. Weed control: Herbicides should not be used for weed control. If there are too many weeds during the seedling stage, they should be removed manually. The soil can be turned over and loosened while weeding.

[0091] c. Topdressing: Apply 160 kg / hm² of urea during the jointing stage of sweet sorghum or after each harvest. -2 ;

[0092] d. Pest and disease control: When pests occur in sweet sorghum, apply imidacloprid or deltamethrin in a timely manner for pesticide control;

[0093] E. Harvest: such as Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1The diagram shows the situation of planting sweet sorghum alone. When the sweet sorghum is 1.2-1.5m tall, it is harvested by machine. The initial stubble height is 12-15cm. The first harvest is carried out after three months, and then the harvest is repeated every 40 days, for a total of 2-3 harvests per year. After harvesting, the sweet sorghum is dried in the field for 6-8 hours to achieve a moisture content of 65-70%. The stubble height is increased by 2cm each time it is harvested.

[0094] Comparative Example 5

[0095] A. Site Selection and Land Preparation: Select a plot of land that is relatively flat, with a gentle slope, convenient irrigation, easy access, thick soil layer, good water source conditions, and a relatively large contiguous area. Remove stones, plow and harrow the land. Apply organic fertilizer before or during cultivation at a rate of 20,000-30,000 kg / hm². 2 After plowing, the land should be harrowed and compacted; the plowing depth should be more than 20cm.

[0096] B. Variety selection: Select sesame varieties that are fast-growing, lodging resistant, adaptable, high-yielding, and of good quality. In this example, the 'Zhongke Jing No. 1' sesame variety is selected.

[0097] C. Sowing: Choose spring when the average temperature is above 14℃. Sow sesbania in rows with a row spacing of 40cm and a plant spacing of 20cm. The planting density is 45.00 kg·hm². -2 ;

[0098] D. Field Management:

[0099] a. Weed control: Herbicides should not be used for weed control. If there are too many weeds during the seedling stage, they should be removed manually. The soil can be turned over and loosened while weeding.

[0100] b. Pest and disease control: When pests occur in sesame, apply imidacloprid or deltamethrin in a timely manner for pesticide control;

[0101] E. Harvest: such as Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 The image shows the situation of planting sesbania alone. After the sesbania matures, it is harvested by machine and then dried in the field for 6-8 hours to achieve a moisture content of 65-70%.

[0102] Silage raw materials were prepared according to the methods of Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-5, and the fresh weight and dry weight were counted. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0103] Table 1

[0104]

[0105] In grass-legume intercropping systems, competition and mutual benefit often coexist. The strength of these two interactions and their contribution to system productivity are mainly influenced by factors such as crop variety combinations, spatial configuration patterns, and growth period matching. The intercropping ratio at sowing is a key factor determining the dynamics of interspecific competition and population effects between grasses and legumes. Excessively high monoculture ratios can disrupt the stability of intraspecific competition within the community, making it difficult to fully realize interspecific interactions and thus reducing the overall advantage of the intercropping system. As shown in Table 1, the fresh and dry grass yields of Example 1 were higher than those of other experimental treatments. The fresh grass yield increased by 3.81%, 14.66%, 21.60%, 34.44%, 2.31%, and 200.00% compared to Example 2, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3, Comparative Example 4, and Comparative Example 5, respectively. This invention found that when the ratio of sweet sorghum to sesbania seeding is greater than 1:1, both sweet sorghum and sesbania benefit from growth, indicating that they form a stable competitive pattern of coexistence. However, as the proportion of sesbania seeding increases, the inhibitory effect of sesbania on sweet sorghum becomes more pronounced.

[0106] Silage raw materials were prepared according to the methods of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 4-5, and the nutrient content was statistically analyzed. The results are shown in Table 2. (The following content determinations were performed according to GB / T standards.)

[0107] Table 2

[0108]

[0109] Mixed planting of cereals and legumes not only increases forage yield but also improves the quality of the mixed forage. Table 2 shows that the crude protein content of Example 1 increased by 18.06% compared to the monoculture sweet sorghum treatment (Comparative Example 4) and decreased by 56.38% compared to the monoculture sesbania treatment (Comparative Example 5); dry matter increased by 0.39% and 0.99% compared to the monoculture sweet sorghum and sesbania treatments, respectively; neutral detergent fiber decreased by 3.83% compared to the monoculture sweet sorghum treatment; and acid detergent fiber increased by 3.40% compared to the monoculture sweet sorghum treatment. Because legume forage has a higher crude protein content than grass forage, the crude protein content of Comparative Example 5 in this study was higher than that of Example 1. This is because legumes contain more crude protein, crude fat, calcium, and phosphorus, while grasses contain more carbohydrates. Intercropping the two can improve the nutritional quality of the mixed forage to some extent. The grass-legume intercropping treatment can address the problems of low protein content in grasses and low carbohydrate content in legumes, significantly improving the fresh and dry yield and nutritional quality of the mixed forage. This provides a theoretical basis and technical reference for the high-quality and efficient production of sweet sorghum in low- and mid-altitude areas.

[0110] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for producing silage feed by intercropping sweet sorghum and sesbania, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: A. Site selection and land preparation: Select a plot of land that is relatively flat, with a gentle slope, easy to irrigate, convenient to transport, with a thick soil layer, good water source conditions, and a relatively large contiguous area. Remove stones, plow and harrow the land. Apply base fertilizer before or during cultivation, and harrow and compact the land after cultivation. B. Variety selection: Select sweet sorghum varieties and sesbania varieties that are fast-growing, lodging resistant, adaptable, high-yielding, and of good quality; C. Sowing: Sweet sorghum is sown in rows, with sesbania intercropped between two rows of sweet sorghum. The ratio of the planting density of sweet sorghum to that of sesbania is greater than 1. D. Field management: Regularly check and thin seedlings, remove weeds, apply fertilizer, and control diseases and pests; E. Harvesting: When the sweet sorghum is 1.2-1.5m tall, it is harvested together with sesbania, leaving a stubble height of 10-15cm. The harvesting is repeated every 40 days thereafter, and the harvesting is carried out 2-3 times a year.

2. The method for producing silage raw materials by intercropping sweet sorghum and sesbania as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step A, the base fertilizer is organic fertilizer, and the application rate is 20,000-30,000 kg / hm². 2 .

3. The method for producing silage raw materials by intercropping sweet sorghum and sesbania as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step A, the plowing depth is 20 cm or more.

4. The method for producing silage raw materials by intercropping sweet sorghum and sesbania as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step B, the sweet sorghum variety selected is 'Hercules', and the sesbania variety selected is 'Zhongkejing No. 1' sesbania.

5. The method for producing silage raw materials by intercropping sweet sorghum and sesbania as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step C, the row spacing for sweet sorghum sowing is 40 cm, the plant spacing is 20 cm, and the planting density is 16.50 kg·hm². -2 The planting density for sesame seed row sowing is 11.25 kg·hm². -2 .

6. The method for producing silage raw materials by intercropping sweet sorghum and sesbania as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step D, the specific method for checking and fixing seedlings is as follows: when the sweet sorghum has grown to 3-4 leaves, the seedlings are fixed, large and strong seedlings are retained, 2 seedlings are left in each hole, the field is well ventilated and has good light penetration, and missing seedlings are immediately transplanted and replanted on the spot.

7. The method for producing silage raw materials by intercropping sweet sorghum and sesbania as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step D, the weeding is done by manual pulling, and the soil is turned over and loosened during the weeding process.

8. The method for producing silage raw materials by intercropping sweet sorghum and sesbania as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step D, the specific method of topdressing is as follows: apply 160 kg / hm² of urea during the jointing stage of sweet sorghum or after each harvest. -2 .

9. The method for producing silage raw materials by intercropping sweet sorghum and sesbania as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step D, the specific method of pest and disease control is as follows: when pests occur on sweet sorghum or sesbania, timely application of imidacloprid or deltamethrin is used for chemical control.

10. The method for producing silage raw materials by intercropping sweet sorghum and sesbania as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step E, the harvested sweet sorghum and sesbania are sun-dried in the field for 6-8 hours to achieve a moisture content of 65-70%.

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