Mountainous high fill embankment settlement monitoring device and method

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of mountainous high fill subgrade settlement monitoring device and method, belong to construction monitoring technology, including pre-embedded in the top of subgrade installation base plate, detection datum column and by upper to lower sequentially shorten and pre-embedded in the multiple drive links of subgrade;Steel box is embedded in the subgrade, it is equipped with the monitoring execution mechanism corresponding with drive link in it;Monitoring execution mechanism includes the connecting sleeve connected with drive link, connecting sleeve other end is fixed with rotating sleeve, rotating sleeve is slidably equipped with the sliding rod body with scale line, sliding rod body is arranged in the outer wall of detection pile body fixed in rock bed matrix;The present application is realized to the synchronous, real-time monitoring of different depth settlement in subgrade interior by multilayer drive link structure, overcomes the blind area of traditional surface monitoring;Adopt the dual monitoring mode of mechanical scale observation and electronic sensing combination, significantly improve the accuracy and reliability of monitoring data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of construction monitoring technology, and relates to a settlement monitoring device and method for high embankment roadbeds in mountainous areas, and more particularly to a settlement monitoring device and monitoring method for internal settlement of high embankment roadbeds. Background Technology

[0002] High embankment subgrades are a common engineering structure in the construction of infrastructure such as highways and railways in mountainous areas. They are constructed by layering and compacting the fill to the design elevation to adapt to the complex terrain. However, high embankment subgrades in mountainous areas are prone to settlement and deformation during construction and operation due to factors such as geological conditions (e.g., uneven rock layer distribution and varying degrees of weathering), climate (e.g., concentrated rainfall during the rainy season and drastic diurnal temperature variations), and construction techniques (e.g., difficulty in controlling fill compaction). If the settlement exceeds the design allowable value, it may lead to pavement cracking, subgrade instability, or even collapses, seriously threatening traffic safety and significantly increasing subsequent maintenance costs. Therefore, real-time and accurate monitoring of the settlement of high embankment subgrades in mountainous areas is a crucial step in ensuring the safety and stability of subgrade engineering.

[0003] Currently, traditional manual settlement monitoring techniques involve setting up settlement observation points on the roadbed surface and periodically measuring the elevation changes of these points using instruments such as levels and total stations to calculate the settlement. While this method is simple and low-cost, it has significant limitations: it can only monitor surface settlement and cannot capture the settlement distribution at different depths within the roadbed, easily leading to blind spots due to "stable surface, unstable interior" conditions; it is also greatly affected by severe weather in mountainous areas (such as heavy rain and fog), with long observation cycles (usually several days to weeks apart), making real-time monitoring difficult and unable to promptly detect sudden settlement events; furthermore, the complex terrain of mountainous areas and the dispersed location of observation points result in high labor intensity and low efficiency for manual measurements, leading to high long-term monitoring costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, in order to solve the problems of high labor intensity, low efficiency and inability to achieve real-time monitoring of roadbed settlement by the traditional manual settlement observation technology of setting settlement observation points on the roadbed surface, the present invention provides a settlement monitoring device and method for high embankment roadbeds in mountainous areas.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A settlement monitoring device for high embankment roadbeds in mountainous areas includes multiple transmission connecting rods that shorten sequentially from top to bottom and are pre-embedded in the roadbed. An installation groove is provided at the top of the roadbed, and an installation base plate is pre-embedded in the installation groove. A detection reference column is fixedly installed on the installation base plate, and the transmission connecting rods at the top are sleeved on the detection reference column. A steel box is embedded in the roadbed, and a detection pile corresponding to the position of the transmission connecting rod is set inside the steel box.

[0007] The steel housing houses a monitoring actuator connected to a transmission link. The monitoring actuator includes, in sequence, a connecting stud, a connecting rod, a rotating link, a connecting sleeve, a rotating sleeve, and an equipment mounting base. The connecting stud is threaded onto one end of the transmission link, the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the connecting stud, and the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the rotating link. The rotating link is slidably disposed within the connecting sleeve, and the connecting sleeve is fixed within the rotating sleeve. A sliding rod is rotatably mounted within the rotating sleeve via a bearing. The equipment mounting base is mounted on the detection pile, and the sliding rod is slidably disposed on the top of the equipment mounting base.

[0008] As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

[0009] The outer wall of the connecting sleeve is embedded with a glass plate with length scale lines. The scale lines are set along the length direction of the connecting sleeve. The outer surface of the sliding rod that is slidably set inside the rotating sleeve is also provided with scale lines.

[0010] As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

[0011] A fixed rotating shaft is fixedly installed through the top of the connecting rod. The rotating rod is rotatably sleeved on the fixed rotating shaft. A mounting box coaxial with the fixed rotating shaft is fixedly installed at the top of the rotating rod. The top of the fixed rotating shaft extends into the mounting box and is fixedly installed with an indicator pointer. A glass observation cover with angle scale lines is fixedly installed at the top of the mounting box.

[0012] When the roadbed is displaced, the rotating connecting rod rotates around the fixed axis, and the indicator pointer rotates synchronously with the fixed axis. The rotation angle can be read through the angle scale.

[0013] As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

[0014] A rotating mounting base is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the detection pile. An equipment mounting base is rotatably installed inside the rotating mounting base via a transmission shaft. A fastening bolt that abuts against the equipment mounting base is threaded through one side of the rotating mounting base. A sliding rod is slidably installed on the top of the equipment mounting base.

[0015] As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

[0016] It also includes an electrical control box, which is installed on the detection pile. An infrared rangefinder I is fixedly installed at one end of the rotating connecting rod to detect the distance between the rotating connecting rod and the sliding rod.

[0017] An infrared rangefinder II is fixedly installed on the top wall of the equipment mounting base to detect the height of the rotating sleeve;

[0018] Both infrared rangefinder I and infrared rangefinder II are connected to the electrical control box via wires.

[0019] As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

[0020] A rectangular opening is provided on one side of the steel box body, and a plug-in plate for sealing the rectangular opening is inserted into the steel box body. The plug-in plate is opened after the roadbed is compacted.

[0021] As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

[0022] The top of the steel enclosure is hinged to an enclosure cover, and an electric drive push rod is rotatably connected between the enclosure cover and the steel enclosure. The electric drive push rod is connected to a controller in the electrical control box via a wire to control the opening and closing of the enclosure cover.

[0023] As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

[0024] Multiple fixed connecting rods are fixedly installed on the outer wall of the transmission connecting rod, and multiple extension connecting rods are fixedly installed on the outer wall of the fixed connecting rod. The fixed connecting rods and extension connecting rods are used to connect with the multi-layer roadbed, thereby increasing the contact area with the fill soil.

[0025] As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

[0026] The outer wall of the transmission connecting rod has multiple water seepage holes, and the outer wall of the transmission connecting rod is wrapped with a water-permeable protective geotextile to block soil particles and allow water to drain through the water seepage holes.

[0027] A method for monitoring settlement of high embankment roadbeds in mountainous areas, using the aforementioned high embankment roadbed settlement monitoring device, includes the following steps:

[0028] S1. The pre-embedded mounting base plate and the detection reference post are located on the top of the roadbed;

[0029] S2. Multiple transmission connecting rods are pre-embedded in the roadbed, and shortened sequentially from top to bottom;

[0030] S3. The steel box is embedded in the roadbed, and a monitoring and execution mechanism is installed inside it;

[0031] S4. When the roadbed settles, the transmission linkage drives the monitoring and execution mechanism to move, and the settlement is monitored by the scale lines on the sliding rod or by the electrical sensor.

[0032] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0033] 1. The high embankment subgrade settlement monitoring device disclosed in this invention achieves simultaneous monitoring of subgrade settlement at different depths by setting up multiple layers of transmission linkages that decrease in length from top to bottom. This avoids the blind spot problem of traditional single-depth monitoring and can comprehensively grasp the settlement distribution pattern of each layer of subgrade fill. At the same time, the monitoring execution mechanism adopts a dual monitoring mode combining mechanical observation and electronic monitoring: on the mechanical level, through the coordination of the scale on the glass plate on the outer wall of the connecting sleeve, the scale on the sliding rod, and the indicator pointer and angle scale, settlement-related data can be directly observed and obtained in the event of power failure or electronic component failure; on the electronic level, distance signals are collected in real time by an infrared rangefinder and transmitted to the electrical control box, and the controller calculates the accurate settlement amount. Dual monitoring effectively improves data accuracy and monitoring continuity, avoiding the risk of monitoring interruption caused by the failure of a single monitoring method.

[0034] 2. The high embankment roadbed settlement monitoring device disclosed in this invention, by opening water-permeable through holes on the outer wall of the transmission connecting rod and wrapping it with water-permeable protective geotextile, can not only allow water accumulated inside the roadbed to be filtered by the geotextile and discharged through the through holes, avoiding water accumulation and softening of the fill soil and causing uneven settlement, but also prevent soil particles from entering the through holes and causing blockage, ensuring the long-term effectiveness of the drainage function.

[0035] 3. The high embankment subgrade settlement monitoring device disclosed in this invention has multiple preset settlement thresholds in its electrical control box. When the monitored subgrade settlement is small, the warning light illuminates green to indicate normal operation; when the settlement reaches a level requiring attention, the light illuminates yellow to remind staff to increase patrols; when the settlement exceeds the safety threshold, the light illuminates red and simultaneously sends an alarm signal to the management personnel terminal via the GPRS module, achieving a dual early warning system of "on-site warning + remote notification." This early warning mechanism can trigger a timely response in the early stages of abnormal subgrade settlement, avoiding accidents such as road surface cracking and collapse due to delayed warnings. It provides strong protection for the safety of high embankment subgrade projects in mountainous areas during both the construction and operation phases, reducing accident repair costs and safety risks.

[0036] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0038] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high embankment roadbed settlement monitoring device after installation.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the high embankment roadbed settlement monitoring device of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the monitoring actuator in the high embankment roadbed settlement monitoring device of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the steel box in the high embankment roadbed settlement monitoring device of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram of section A in the middle;

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission linkage structure in the high embankment roadbed settlement monitoring device of the present invention.

[0044] Attached reference numerals: 1. Rock matrix; 2. Roadbed; 3. Mounting groove; 4. Mounting base plate; 5. Detection reference post; 6. Transmission link; 61. Seepage hole; 62. Permeable protective geotextile; 63. Fixing link; 64. Extension link; 7. Steel box; 71. Box cover; 72. Electric drive push rod; 73. Rectangular opening; 74. Connecting plate; 8. Detection pile; 9. Warning indicator light; 10. Electrical control box; 11. Monitoring actuator ; 111. Connecting stud; 112. Connecting rod; 113. Fixed shaft; 114. Rotating rod; 115. Mounting housing; 116. Glass observation cover; 117. Indicator pointer; 118. Connecting sleeve; 119. Rotating sleeve; 120. Infrared rangefinder I; 121. Sliding rod; 122. Equipment mounting base; 123. Infrared rangefinder II; 124. Rotating mounting base; 125. Transmission shaft; 126. Fastening bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0046] like Figure 1The settlement monitoring device shown is suitable for high embankment roadbed projects in mountainous areas. It addresses the problem of settlement caused by the large thickness of the roadbed fill and the complex geological conditions, especially in mountainous environments with large diurnal temperature differences, concentrated rainfall during the rainy season, and steep terrain. It can adapt to the uneven compaction characteristics of the roadbed fill and realize real-time monitoring of roadbed settlement, ensuring the safety of roadbed projects and avoiding accidents such as road surface cracking and collapse caused by untimely settlement warnings.

[0047] like Figure 2 As shown, the high embankment subgrade settlement monitoring device includes a steel plate mounting base 4, which fits into a mounting groove 3 cut into the top of the subgrade 2. The depth of the mounting groove 3 is slightly greater than the thickness of the mounting base 4, and the width is slightly wider than the mounting base 4. During installation, the bottom of the mounting groove 3 is first cleaned and leveled, removing gravel, loose soil, and other debris. Then, the mounting base 4 is placed steadily into the mounting groove 3, ensuring uniform gaps between the four corners of the base and the groove wall. The gaps are then filled and fixed with cement mortar. Filling is done in two stages: the first filling reaches a certain height to the bottom of the mounting base 4, and after the mortar has initially set, the remaining portion is filled. During this process, a small vibrator is used to gently tap the edges of the base to remove air bubbles from the mortar, ensuring that the mounting base 4 is stable within the subgrade 2 without loosening or tilting. The detection reference column 5 is made of stainless steel and is connected to the top of the mounting base 4 by welding for use with a total station.

[0048] Multiple transmission connecting rods 6, all made of seamless steel pipe, are pre-embedded within the roadbed 2, decreasing in length from top to bottom. The top transmission connecting rod 6 extends across the width of the roadbed 2, while the lower transmission connecting rods 6 are in two sets, located on either side of the roadbed 2. Before pre-embedding, a total station is used to locate the embedding position of each transmission connecting rod 6, ensuring that multiple transmission connecting rods 6 are in the same vertical plane and that the center-to-center distance between adjacent transmission connecting rods 6 remains consistent, avoiding inaccurate monitoring data due to positioning deviations. The top transmission connecting rod 6 is fitted onto the detection reference column 5, with its inner diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the detection reference column 5. During fitting, a small amount of talcum powder is applied to the surface of the detection reference column 5 to reduce fitting resistance, ensuring stable fitting and allowing it to move synchronously with the settlement of the roadbed 2, causing a slight displacement of the detection reference column 5, accurately reflecting the roadbed settlement. This also avoids jamming due to excessively small gaps or shaking due to excessively large gaps, which could affect monitoring accuracy.

[0049] The steel box 7 is welded from Q235 steel plates. When embedded in the roadbed 2, a flat installation surface is first cleaned on the surface of the rock matrix 1, removing loose soil and gravel. If necessary, a geomembrane is laid to prevent water penetration. Then, a concrete cushion layer is poured. After the cushion layer is poured, it is compacted with a vibrator, and the surface flatness is controlled within the qualified range. After the cushion layer has cured to the required strength, the steel box 7 is hoisted onto the cushion layer, ensuring that the top of the box is flush with the top surface of the compacted roadbed 2 and the bottom is tightly attached to the cushion layer. Then, graded sand and gravel are filled around the box and compacted in layers to prevent the box from tilting due to roadbed settlement. The steel box 7 is equipped with monitoring actuators 11 corresponding to the number of transmission linkages 6. Each monitoring actuator 11 is fixed to the inner wall of the box by a bracket, which is welded to the box to ensure the stability of the monitoring actuator 11. It monitors the settlement of one roadbed depth, avoiding blind spots and ensuring comprehensive monitoring.

[0050] like Figure 3 As shown, the connecting sleeve 118 in the monitoring actuator 11 is made of brass, and the detection pile 8 is made of reinforced concrete. Its length is determined according to the thickness of the roadbed 2 and the depth of the rock matrix 1, and its bottom is embedded in the rock matrix 1 to a certain depth. When excavating the embedding hole, manual labor is used in conjunction with a small drilling rig. The diameter of the drill hole is slightly larger than that of the detection pile 8 to avoid damaging the rock structure. Before inserting the detection pile 8, a layer of cement slurry is evenly applied to the hole wall to enhance the bonding force between the detection pile 8 and the rock layer. Then, concrete is poured in layers to fill the gaps. After each layer is poured, it is compacted with a vibrator. It serves as the reference component for settlement monitoring and does not move with the settlement of the roadbed 2. The rotating sleeve 119 is made of brass and is fixed to the other end of the connecting sleeve 118 by argon arc welding. After welding, the weld is subjected to penetrant testing to ensure that there are no defects such as pores or cracks. The surface of the weld is ground smooth. The inner diameter of the rotating sleeve 119 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the sliding rod 121. The sliding rod 121 is made of stainless steel and has laser-engraved scale lines on its surface. It is fixed to the outer wall of the test pile 8 by a clamp. A rubber pad is pasted on the inside of the clamp to avoid damaging the surface of the test pile 8 and to ensure that the sliding rod 121 remains vertical with the scale lines facing a direction that is easy to observe.

[0051] The monitoring actuator 11 also includes a connecting stud 111, made of stainless steel. One end has an external thread that matches the internal thread of the transmission connecting rod 6. Before connection, thread-locking adhesive is applied to the thread surface. After tightening, it is allowed to stand until the adhesive cures to prevent loosening due to vibration during long-term use. The other end is fixed to the connecting rod 112 by argon arc welding. During welding, a positioning fixture is installed at the connection point between the connecting stud 111 and the connecting rod 112 to ensure that their axes coincide and prevent misalignment after welding. The connecting rod 112 is a stainless steel round rod. A rotating connecting rod 114, also made of stainless steel, is mounted on the connecting rod 112 at the end furthest from the connecting stud 111. The end furthest from the connecting rod 112 slides through the connecting sleeve 118. The inner wall of the connecting sleeve 118 is precision polished and coated with grease. An oil injection hole is pre-drilled on the side wall of the connecting sleeve 118, equipped with a copper oil plug. The oil plug is periodically opened to replenish grease, ensuring smooth sliding of the rotating connecting rod 114 and reducing wear. A rectangular slot is opened on the outer wall of the connecting sleeve 118, into which a tempered glass plate is embedded. The glass plate is glued and fixed to the slot with epoxy resin to ensure a leak-proof seal. Length scale lines (accuracy not less than 0.1mm) are made on the glass plate by screen printing and are distributed along the length of the connecting sleeve 118. The scale lines are black to facilitate observation of the sliding distance of the rotating connecting rod 114 in a dimly lit environment.

[0052] The fixed rotating shaft 113, made of stainless steel, is fixed through the top of the connecting rod 112 and connects to the hole on the connecting rod 112 via an interference fit. During assembly, a heat-fitting method is used. The connecting rod 112 is heated to a suitable temperature (monitored with an infrared thermometer to avoid excessive temperature changes that could alter material properties), and the fixed rotating shaft 113 is quickly inserted into the hole. After natural cooling to room temperature, a tight fit is formed, preventing cold fitting that could cause component deformation or loosening. The diameter of the hole on the rotating rod 114 is slightly larger than that of the fixed rotating shaft 113, and the inner wall of the hole is polished to ensure smooth rotation without jamming. The top of the rotating rod 114 is fixed to an ABS plastic mounting box 115 with screws. The screws are tightened to a moderate degree to avoid damaging the plastic material of the mounting box 115. Flat washers are added at the contact points between the screws and the mounting box 115 to distribute pressure. The mounting box 115 is cylindrical and coaxial with the fixed rotating shaft 113. A thin steel sheet is welded to the top of the fixed rotating shaft 113 to form an indicator pointer 117. The welding is done using micro-beam plasma arc welding to avoid excessive welding heat that could deform the pointer. The pointer tip is painted red to ensure a bright and easily observable color. A transparent acrylic plate (glass observation cover 116) is ultrasonically welded to the top of the mounting box 115 to ensure a tight, gap-free weld. Angle scale lines are laser-engraved on the glass observation cover 116. The scale lines are of appropriate width and are black in color, making it easy to observe the rotation angle of the indicator pointer 117 and accurately determine the rotation status of the rotating linkage 114.

[0053] The rotating mounting base 124, fixed to the outer wall of the detection pile 8, is a U-shaped welded steel plate structure with its opening facing the transmission connecting rod 6. It is fixed to the detection pile 8 with bolts. During installation, flat washers and spring washers are added at the contact points between the bolts and the detection pile 8 to prevent the bolts from loosening due to vibration. The bolt tightening force meets the fixing requirements. A stainless steel transmission shaft 125 is installed inside the rotating mounting base 124, with both ends connected by deep groove ball bearings. Before installation, the bearings are cleaned with kerosene to remove the anti-rust oil, and the bearings are filled with grease. Rubber sealing rings are added to both ends of the bearings to prevent dust and moisture from entering the bearing and affecting its service life. The equipment mounting base 122 is welded onto the transmission shaft 125 using carbon dioxide gas shielded welding. After welding, the weld is ground to ensure that its surface flatness meets the requirements. Figure 5 As shown, a stainless steel fastening bolt 126 is threaded through one side of the rotating mounting base 124. A rubber pad is attached to the end of the bolt to prevent damage to the surface of the mounting base 122 during tightening. After the mounting base 122 is adjusted to a suitable angle, the fastening bolt 126 is tightened until its end contacts the mounting base 122, thus fixing its position and preventing rotation during monitoring. A sliding rod 121 is slidably inserted through a hole at the top of the mounting base 122. The inner wall of the hole is honed, and the outer wall of the sliding rod 121 is also laser-engraved with scale lines distributed along its length for easy reading of the sliding distance.

[0054] A stainless steel electrical control box 10 is fixed to the top of the detection pile 8 via a bracket. The bracket connects to the detection pile 8 using a U-shaped clamp, with a rubber pad on the inside to prevent damage to the surface of the detection pile 8 when tightened. The clamp bolts are tightened to meet the fixing requirements. Inside the electrical control box 10, various components are fixed using angle steel brackets. Appropriate spacing is maintained between the PLC controller, DC power module, and signal processing module to ensure good ventilation and heat dissipation. One end of the rotating connecting rod 114 is fixed to a bracket with screws. The bracket is made of bent stainless steel sheet and is height-adjustable. Height adjustment is achieved by adjusting the elongated hole on the bracket, allowing for easy adjustment of the horizontal height of the infrared rangefinder I 120 according to site conditions, ensuring accurate alignment of the measurement direction with the sliding rod 121. The laser infrared rangefinder I 120 is mounted on the bracket and fixed to the bracket with screws. A dust cover is installed on the outside of the rangefinder lens; when not in use, the dust cover is closed to prevent dust contamination of the lens. The top wall of the equipment mounting base 122 is also fixed with a laser infrared rangefinder II123 of the same model, installed in the same way as the infrared rangefinder I120, with the measuring direction facing the rotating sleeve 119. Both the infrared rangefinder I120 and the infrared rangefinder II123 are connected to the electrical control box 10 via waterproof cables. The cables are run through corrugated pipes, which are fixed to the detection pile 8 and the steel box 7 with pipe clamps to prevent the cables from sagging due to their own weight and causing damage to the connection. An LED warning indicator 9 (red, yellow, and green) is also fixed to the top of the detection pile 8. The indicator is an outdoor waterproof type and is connected to the electrical control box 10 via wires. A transparent protective cover is installed on the outside of the indicator. The protective cover has the characteristics of impact resistance and UV aging resistance. The protective cover is connected to the indicator housing by clips for easy disassembly and replacement. The controller has preset settlement thresholds: when the settlement is small, it lights up green, indicating that the roadbed settlement is normal; when the settlement reaches a certain level, it lights up yellow, prompting staff to pay attention to the roadbed settlement trend; when the settlement is too large, it lights up red and sends an alarm signal to the management terminal via the GPRS module, ensuring stable data transmission even in mountainous areas with weak signals. The electrical control box 10 is also equipped with a backup battery, which can continue to provide power after the municipal power is disconnected.

[0055] like Figure 4As shown, a rectangular opening 73 is provided on one side of the steel box 7, and a slot is provided at the corresponding position on the inner wall of the box. The slot is made of bent steel plate and is welded to the inner wall of the steel box 7. A rubber sealing strip is pasted on the inside of the slot to ensure good sealing after the plug-in plate 74 is inserted, preventing rainwater and mud from entering the box. The plug-in plate 74, made of steel plate, is inserted into the slot to seal the rectangular opening 73. The edges of the plug-in plate 74 are ground into rounded corners to avoid scratching the sealing strip when inserted. A handle is welded to the outside of the plug-in plate 74 for easy insertion and removal. During the compaction of the roadbed 2, the box is kept sealed to prevent mud and sand from entering the box and damaging the components. During the monitoring phase, the plug-in plate 74 can be removed to facilitate the inspection and maintenance of the monitoring actuator 11 inside the box. The top of the steel box 7 is hinged to the steel plate box cover 71 by stainless steel hinges. The hinges are fixed by screws, and the screw tightening force meets the fixing requirements. An electrically driven push rod 72 is rotatably mounted between the cover 71 and the steel enclosure 7. Both ends of the push rod 72 are connected to the inner wall support of the steel enclosure 7 and the bottom support of the cover 71 via pins. The pins are chrome-plated to improve wear resistance. The clearance between the pins and the holes in the supports is appropriate. Cotter pins are added to both ends of the pins during installation to prevent them from falling off. The electrically driven push rod 72 is connected to the controller inside the electrical control box 10 via wires, enabling remote or on-site control of the opening and closing of the cover 71. Remote control is achieved by sending commands via a mobile app, while on-site control is achieved via buttons on the electrical control box 10. When the cover 71 is closed, the sealing strip at the contact point with the steel enclosure 7 is compressed appropriately to ensure a tight seal.

[0056] like Figure 6 As shown, multiple stainless steel fixed connecting rods 63 are welded to the outer wall of the transmission connecting rod 6. Before welding, the welding positions are marked on the outer wall of the transmission connecting rod 6 to ensure that the fixed connecting rods 63 are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the transmission connecting rod 6. The welding adopts tungsten inert gas welding, and the weld height meets the structural strength requirements. After welding, the weld is pickled and passivated to prevent corrosion. Multiple stainless steel extension connecting rods 64 are welded to the outer wall of each fixed connecting rod 63, evenly distributed along the length of the fixed connecting rod 63. The fixed connecting rods 63 and the extension connecting rods 64 are embedded in the roadbed fill, increasing the contact area and friction between the transmission connecting rod 6 and the fill, so that the transmission connecting rod 6 can move synchronously with the settlement of the roadbed 2. The relative sliding between the fill and the connecting rod will not cause the monitoring data to be distorted. At the same time, it transmits the settlement of multiple layers of roadbed, allowing the staff to grasp the settlement differences of roadbeds at different depths.

[0057] Multiple permeable holes 61 are made on the outer wall of the transmission connecting rod 6. The holes are drilled using a bench drill, and the hole positions are determined by marking to ensure even distribution on the pipe wall. After drilling, the hole openings are chamfered to prevent sharp openings from scratching the geotextile 62. Short fiber needle-punched nonwoven geotextile 62 is wrapped around the outer wall of the transmission connecting rod 6. The wrapping starts from one end of the transmission connecting rod 6, and the overlap width between adjacent layers of geotextile is appropriate. The overlap is glued with geotextile-specific adhesive to ensure no gaps. After wrapping, it is fixed with nylon binding tape. The binding force should be such that the geotextile 62 is tightly attached to the pipe wall without being damaged, ensuring that the geotextile 62 stably wraps the transmission connecting rod 6. Water in the subgrade 2 can be filtered by the geotextile 62 and discharged through the seepage hole 61 into the hollow structure of the transmission connecting rod 6, thus preventing water from accumulating inside the subgrade and softening the subgrade fill, which would lead to uneven settlement of the subgrade. At the same time, the geotextile 62 blocks soil particles from entering the seepage hole 61, preventing the hole from becoming blocked and affecting the drainage effect.

[0058] The installation steps for the settlement monitoring device of the high embankment subgrade are as follows: First, clean the construction area of ​​subgrade 2, removing weeds, tree roots, large stones, etc., and compact the ground with a road roller. Determine the location of the detection pile 8, and use a total station to mark the center line of the pile position. Excavate a hole with a diameter slightly larger than that of the detection pile 8 (deep enough to reach a certain depth within the rock matrix 1). During excavation, use a level to monitor the hole depth to avoid over-excavation or under-excavation. After placing the detection pile 8, fill it with concrete for fixation. Use the tremie method for pouring during filling to prevent the concrete from separating from the concrete. Analysis, curing until the strength meets the standard (watering regularly during curing to keep the concrete surface moist); excavating installation grooves 3 at the corresponding positions on the top of roadbed 2, checking the flatness of the groove bottom with a level to ensure it meets the installation requirements, placing the installation base plate 4 and fixing it with cement mortar, and welding the test reference column 5 after the cement mortar has cured to the standard strength; after welding, checking the verticality of the test reference column 5 again; determining the number and length of transmission connecting rods 6 according to the filling thickness of roadbed 2, and opening seepage through holes 61 on the transmission connecting rods 6, around Geotextile 62 is installed and secured. Then, the transmission connecting rod 6 is pre-embedded in the roadbed fill, with the fill layered and each layer compacted to the required degree. A testing reference post 5 is fitted onto the top of the transmission connecting rod 6, and the verticality of the transmission connecting rod 6 is checked after fitting. A foundation pit (slightly larger than the steel box 7) is excavated. After the bottom of the pit is cleaned and leveled, a concrete cushion layer is poured. After the cushion layer has cured, the steel box 7 is placed in the pit, and its position is adjusted to align with the transmission connecting rod 6. Sand and gravel are then filled around the box and compacted, and a rectangular opening 7 is created. 3. Install the slots and plug-in boards 74; connect the various components of the monitoring actuator 11, install the electrical control box 10, infrared rangefinder I 120, infrared rangefinder II 123 and warning indicator 9, connect the wires of each component and protect them with corrugated pipes. When connecting the wires, use crimp terminals to crimp them. The crimping force should ensure that the terminals and wires are in tight contact without loosening. After completion, debug each component. First, manually test whether the mechanical components move smoothly, and then test whether the electronic components work normally by powering on. Record the initial parameters of each component.

[0059] During monitoring, the settlement of the roadbed 2 will cause the transmission link 6 to move down synchronously. The transmission link 6 transmits the force to the connecting link 112 through the connecting stud 111, causing the connecting link 112 to move down as well. This, in turn, pushes the rotating link 114 to slide inside the connecting sleeve 118. The rotating sleeve 119 moves down and slides on the sliding rod 121. The sliding distance can be directly observed through the scale lines on the sliding rod 121, which helps to determine the amount of settlement. When the roadbed 2 shifts, the rotating connecting rod 114 rotates around the fixed rotating shaft 113, and the indicator pointer 117 rotates synchronously with the fixed rotating shaft 113. The staff can read the rotation angle of the indicator pointer 117 through the angle scale on the glass observation cover 116, and observe the sliding distance of the rotating connecting rod 114 by combining the length scale on the glass plate of the connecting sleeve 118, so as to make a preliminary judgment on the settlement. The infrared rangefinder I 120 detects the distance change between the rotating connecting rod 114 and the sliding rod 121 in real time, converts the distance signal into an electrical signal and transmits it to the signal processing module in the electrical control box 10. The module amplifies and filters the signal and then transmits it to the PLC controller. The infrared rangefinder II 123 detects the height change of the rotating sleeve 119 at the same time, and also transmits the signal to the controller. The controller compares the received signal with the preset initial parameters, calculates the roadbed settlement, and then compares it with the preset threshold, and controls the warning indicator 9 to light up the corresponding color. Staff regularly conduct on-site inspections, removing the plug-in plate 74 to check for damage or rust on the internal components of the steel enclosure 7, or controlling the electric drive push rod 72 via the electrical control box 10 to open the enclosure cover 71, replenish lubricating grease to the monitoring actuator 11, clean dust from the surface of the components, maintain the internal components, ensure the long-term stable operation of the device, and avoid monitoring interruptions due to component failures.

[0060] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A settlement monitoring device for high embankment roadbeds in mountainous areas, characterized in that, The system includes multiple transmission connecting rods (6) that are shortened sequentially from top to bottom and embedded in the roadbed (2). The top of the roadbed (2) has an installation groove (3), and an installation base plate (4) is embedded in the installation groove (3). A detection reference column (5) is fixedly installed on the installation base plate (4). The transmission connecting rod (6) at the top is sleeved on the detection reference column (5). A steel box (7) is embedded in the roadbed (2), and a detection pile (8) corresponding to the position of the transmission connecting rod (6) is set in the steel box (7). The steel housing (7) contains a monitoring actuator (11) connected to the transmission connecting rod (6). The monitoring actuator (11) includes, in sequence, a connecting stud (111), a connecting rod (112), a rotating connecting rod (114), a connecting sleeve (118), a rotating sleeve (119), and an equipment mounting base (122). The connecting stud (111) is threaded to one end of the transmission connecting rod (6), and the connecting rod (112) is fixed to the connecting stud (111). The connecting rod (112) is rotatably connected to the rotating rod (114). The rotating rod (114) is slidably disposed in the connecting sleeve (118). The connecting sleeve (118) is fixed in the rotating sleeve (119). The sliding rod (121) is rotatably sleeved in the rotating sleeve (119) through the bearing. The equipment mounting base (122) is installed on the detection pile (8). The sliding rod (121) is slidably disposed on the top of the equipment mounting base (122).

2. The high embankment roadbed settlement monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer wall of the connecting sleeve (118) is embedded with a glass plate with length scale lines. The scale lines are set along the length direction of the connecting sleeve (118). The outer surface of the sliding rod (121) that is slidably set inside the rotating sleeve (119) is provided with scale lines.

3. The high embankment roadbed settlement monitoring device according to claim 2, characterized in that, A fixed rotating shaft (113) is fixedly installed through the top of the connecting rod (112). The rotating rod (114) is rotatably sleeved on the fixed rotating shaft (113). A mounting box (115) coaxial with the fixed rotating shaft (113) is fixedly installed at the top of the rotating rod (114). The top of the fixed rotating shaft (113) extends into the mounting box (115) and is fixedly installed with an indicator pointer (117). A glass observation cover (116) with angle scale lines is fixedly installed at the top of the mounting box (115).

4. The high embankment roadbed settlement monitoring device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outer wall of the detection pile (8) is fixedly provided with a rotating mounting seat (124). The rotating mounting seat (124) is rotatably connected to the equipment mounting seat (122) through a transmission shaft (125). A fastening bolt (126) that abuts against the equipment mounting seat (122) is provided on one side of the rotating mounting seat (124). The equipment mounting seat (122) and the rotating mounting seat (124) are fixed by the fastening bolt (126).

5. The high embankment subgrade settlement monitoring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an electrical control box (10) installed on the detection pile (8), an infrared rangefinder I (120) is fixedly installed at one end of the rotating connecting rod (114) near the connecting sleeve (118) to detect the distance between the rotating connecting rod (114) and the sliding rod (121); an infrared rangefinder II (123) is fixedly installed on the top wall of the equipment mounting base (122) to detect the height of the rotating sleeve (119); both the infrared rangefinder I (120) and the infrared rangefinder II (123) are connected to the electrical control box (10) through wires.

6. The high embankment subgrade settlement monitoring device according to claim 5, characterized in that, A rectangular opening (73) is provided on one side of the steel box (7), and a plug plate (74) for sealing the rectangular opening (73) is inserted into the steel box (7). The plug plate (74) is opened after the roadbed is compacted.

7. The settlement monitoring device for high embankment subgrade according to claim 6, characterized in that, The top of the steel box (7) is hinged to a box cover (71), and an electric drive push rod (72) is rotatably arranged between the box cover (71) and the steel box (7). The electric drive push rod (72) is connected to the controller in the electrical control box (10) through a wire to control the opening and closing of the box cover (71).

8. The settlement monitoring device for high embankment subgrade according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple fixed connecting rods (63) are fixedly installed on the outer wall of the transmission connecting rod (6), and multiple extension connecting rods (64) are fixedly installed on the outer wall of the fixed connecting rod (63). The fixed connecting rods (63) and extension connecting rods (64) are connected to the multi-layer roadbed to increase the contact area with the fill soil.

9. The high embankment subgrade settlement monitoring device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The outer wall of the transmission link (6) is provided with multiple water seepage holes (61), and the outer wall of the transmission link (6) is wrapped with a water-permeable protective geotextile (62) to block soil particles and allow water to be discharged through the water seepage holes (61).

10. A method for monitoring settlement of high embankment roadbeds in mountainous areas, using the high embankment roadbed settlement monitoring device as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, the pre-embedded mounting base plate (4) and the detection reference column (5) are on the top of the roadbed (2); S2. Multiple transmission links (6) are pre-embedded in the roadbed (2) and shortened sequentially from top to bottom. The top transmission link (6) is sleeved on the test reference column (5). S3. The steel box (7) is embedded in the roadbed (2). The steel box (7) is equipped with a detection pile (8) corresponding to the position of the transmission link (6), and a monitoring execution mechanism (11) is installed in it. The connecting stud (111) in the monitoring execution mechanism (11) is threaded to one end of the transmission link (6), and the equipment mounting base (122) is installed on the detection pile (8). S4. When the roadbed (2) settles, the transmission link (6) drives the monitoring execution mechanism (11) to move, and monitors the settlement amount through the scale line on the sliding rod (121) or the electrical sensor.

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