Fan for air suction type integrated cylindrical multi-row seed metering system and mounting structure of fan

Abstract

The invention discloses a draught fan for an air suction type integrated cylindrical multi-row seed metering system and an installation structure of the draught fan, and relates to the technical field of draught fans, the draught fan comprises a machine shell and an impeller eccentrically fixed in the machine shell, and the impeller is driven by a direct current permanent magnet motor to rotate; the impeller is composed of two impeller discs and a plurality of blades evenly distributed between the two impeller discs. The exhaust inlet is formed in the middle of the machine shell, a drainage hole is formed in the center of the impeller disc facing one side of the exhaust inlet, airflow is perpendicular to the impeller discs and enters between the two impeller discs from the drainage hole, and rotating airflow is formed under rotation of the impellers; the exhaust outlet extends outwards from the side of the casing, the extending part is located at the maximum distance between the impeller disc and the inner wall of the casing, and the exhaust direction is tangent to the impeller disc. The fan designed by the invention is fully suitable for an air suction type integrated barrel-shaped multi-row seed metering system, can meet the requirements of air pressure and air volume by adopting the direct-current permanent magnet motor with a smaller size, and is convenient to mount and lower in manufacturing cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fan technology, specifically relating to a fan and its installation structure for an air-suction integrated cylindrical multi-row seeding system. Background Technology

[0002] The seeder fan is a key component of pneumatic seeders, primarily used to generate negative or positive pressure airflow to adsorb and transport seeds. In pneumatic precision seeders, the fan impeller rotates at high speed to generate negative pressure, which is transmitted through air ducts to the vacuum chamber of the seed metering device, causing the seeds to be adsorbed onto the seed metering disc, thus completing the precision seeding operation.

[0003] Air-suction precision seeders are equipped with air-suction seed metering devices. These devices, in conjunction with a fan, use vacuum pressure at the suction holes of the seed metering disc to draw in seeds. As the seed metering disc rotates, the seeds are transported to the seed metering inlet, where the suction is cut off, allowing the seeds to enter the seed pipe and fall into the seed furrow. Currently, the mainstream fan structure for air-suction seed metering devices can be found in utility model patent CN 207437109 U, authorized on June 1, 2018. This design features a cutout on the edge of the casing as an exhaust port, with the intake port located in the middle of the casing. Airflow enters the casing through the intake port and then rotates to the exhaust port for discharge. This fan structure does not fully utilize the exhaust airflow of the fan.

[0004] A search revealed existing technologies that also propose utilizing the exhaust airflow of a fan. For example, patent application CN 119278723 A, published on January 10, 2025, discloses a single-fan positive and negative pressure dual-action airflow stabilization supply device for a suction-type seeder, which introduces the exhaust airflow from the fan into the seed guide tube to stably transport the seeds entering the tube. However, as can be seen from the accompanying drawings, the fan used in this invention is still the mainstream fan used with seed metering devices, i.e., a fan with a notch. This fan cannot generate sufficient air pressure at the notch. At the same time, the thin and lengthy airflow duct also affects the exhaust effect of the fan, thus affecting the negative pressure suction, causing the seed metering device to fail to properly adsorb seeds.

[0005] For example, invention patent CN 115250691 B, authorized and announced on October 3, 2023, discloses a high-speed precision seed metering device and its seed metering method. It provides an exhaust port for a negative pressure fan, which is connected to a positive pressure connection port above the airflow channel of the seed metering port via a positive pressure pipe for airflow transport of seeds. Based on its attached drawings, the exhaust port is arranged radially along the fan, indicating that the negative pressure fan should be a vortex fan with a small diameter and low airflow, which cannot meet the air pressure requirements of a pneumatic integrated cylindrical multi-row seed metering system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the technical shortcomings of existing fans used in air-suction integrated cylindrical multi-row seeding systems, this invention proposes a fan and its installation structure for air-suction integrated cylindrical multi-row seeding systems.

[0007] This invention protects a fan for an air-suction integrated cylindrical multi-row seeding system, including a casing and an impeller eccentrically fixed inside it. The impeller rotates under the drive of a DC permanent magnet motor and consists of two impeller disks and a plurality of blades evenly distributed between the two impeller disks.

[0008] The air intake is located in the middle of the casing. A guide hole is provided in the center of the impeller disk facing the air intake. The airflow enters between the two impeller disks perpendicularly from the guide hole and forms a rotating airflow under the rotation of the impeller. The exhaust port extends outward from the side of the casing. The protruding part is located at the maximum distance between the impeller disk and the inner wall of the casing. The exhaust direction is tangent to the impeller disk.

[0009] Preferably, the blades are straight and the number is set to 7 to 14, with the deflection angle between adjacent blades being 25-35°.

[0010] This invention also protects a fan installation structure for a pneumatic integrated cylindrical multi-row seeding system, wherein the fan is installed on the same side as the seed dropping channel of the seeding system, its air intake is connected to the pneumatic seeding cylinder of the seeding system through a pipe, and its exhaust is connected to the seed dropping channel through a gas diversion connector.

[0011] Preferably, the gas diversion connector consists of an air intake section connected to the exhaust port and a diversion section connected to the seed dropping channel. The diversion section is provided with multiple air outlets, which are inclined downwards and connected to the lower part of each seed dropping channel. The cross-sectional area of ​​the air intake section is larger than that of the diversion section.

[0012] Preferably, the wind turbine is equipped with a rechargeable battery pack, which is charged by a tractor generator and provides DC power to the wind turbine.

[0013] The fan designed in this invention is fully applicable to the air-suction integrated cylindrical multi-row seeding system. It can meet the requirements of air pressure and air volume by using a small-sized DC permanent magnet motor, which is easy to install and has low manufacturing cost. At the same time, it proposes an installation structure for the fan to be adapted to the air-suction integrated cylindrical multi-row seeding system. The fan is installed on the same side as the seed drop channel of the seeding system. The fan and the seed drop channel are connected by a uniquely designed gas diversion connector to ensure stable seed delivery. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This refers to a high-pressure vortex blower being tested during the research and development process.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a low-noise medium-pressure fan tested during the research and development process;

[0016] Figure 3 for Figure 2 The blade structure of the low-noise medium-pressure fan is shown.

[0017] Figure 4 This is a high-pressure snail-type exhaust fan being tested during the research and development process;

[0018] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The impeller structure of the high-pressure snail-type exhaust fan is shown.

[0019] Figure 6 This refers to a complete set of high-pressure blower components tested during the research and development process.

[0020] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the wind turbine disclosed in this invention;

[0021] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the rear structure of the wind turbine disclosed in this invention;

[0022] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the impeller assembly;

[0023] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram showing the eccentric mounting position of the impeller;

[0024] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram showing the deflection angle between adjacent blades;

[0025] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the fan and the seed-dropping channel;

[0026] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the gas splitter connector structure;

[0027] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the entire fan unit after installation.

[0028] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the seed-dropping channel;

[0029] Figure 16 This is a cross-sectional view of the seed-dropping channel;

[0030] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the drainage tube structure;

[0031] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the sleeve structure;

[0032] Figure 19 This is an exploded view of the seed-dropping channel.

[0033] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0034] 1. Housing;

[0035] 2. Impeller; 201. Impeller disk; 202. Blade; 203. Drainage hole;

[0036] 3. DC permanent magnet motor;

[0037] 4. Air intake;

[0038] 5. Exhaust vent;

[0039] 6. Pipelines;

[0040] 7. Gas diversion connector, 701. Exhaust fan, 702. Diversion fan, 703. Air outlet;

[0041] 8. Seed dropping channel; 801. Seed dropping hopper; 8011. Pin outlet; 802. Seed dropping pipe; 8021. Sleeve; 8022. Drainage pipe; 8023. Angled through hole; 8024. Limit seat; 8025. Claw; 803. U-shaped groove sensor; 8031. Sensing area. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention are given for illustrative and descriptive purposes only, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described to better illustrate the principles and practical application of the invention, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.

[0043] To fully illustrate the technical aspects of this invention, the research and development background will be introduced first.

[0044] Currently, the mainstream air-suction precision seeders on the market are still models developed abroad, which use multiple seed metering devices connected in parallel to achieve multi-row seeding. The seed metering devices are mainly driven by either electric or mechanical means.

[0045] Electric-driven pneumatic seed metering systems require the tractor to operate at high speed for extended periods (the tractor's rear output shaft drives a high-speed blower) to maintain air pressure, allowing the seed meterer to pick up seeds. At low speeds, the air pressure decreases, preventing seed collection and causing seed shortages. However, prolonged high-speed operation increases the tractor's load, leading to increased equipment wear, fuel consumption, and resource waste.

[0046] Mechanically driven pneumatic seeding systems primarily rely on a ground wheel driving a sprocket, which in turn drives a hexagonal shaft. This shaft then drives multiple universal joints, which in turn drive each row of seeders. The overall structure is complex, increasing the load on the ground wheel and making it prone to slippage, leading to seed gaps. Even more troublesome is adjusting the seed spacing. First, the machine must be stopped for testing. The chains of the upper and lower sprockets must be adjusted according to a reference table. A slight mistake can result in incorrect adjustments, further delaying sowing time.

[0047] Both of the above seeding systems share a common drawback: multi-row seeding requires multiple sets of systems, and each set is very expensive, increasing equipment costs. Furthermore, the more components a system has, the more complex its structure, leading to a higher failure rate and maintenance costs, significantly increasing planting costs.

[0048] To address this, some designs have proposed a multi-row, drum-type seeding technology. For example, invention patent CN 110612798 B, authorized on August 6, 2024, discloses a pneumatic suction drum seeder. Analysis reveals the following technical problems with this solution: 1. The drum is a single-piece structure, driven by a hollow fixed shaft. The negative pressure is achieved through the suction device via the hollow shaft, which is insufficient to meet the required negative pressure and thus cannot adsorb seeds. 2. While different diameter adsorption holes are set in each adsorption hole unit to meet the needs of different seed types, when adsorbing small-diameter seeds, the seeds leak into the drum from the larger adsorption holes, failing to achieve the purpose of seed adsorption. 3. The method of blocking the adsorption holes with pressure rollers allows the seeds to fall naturally into the funnel. This seed-dropping method is difficult to achieve ideal results in actual operation and cannot ensure precise seed dropping. 4. The fan still relies on a tractor, requiring the tractor to operate at high speed for extended periods to maintain air pressure. Although the invention patent proposed the technical concept of multi-row drum seeding, the design is not perfect and there is great room for optimization. Therefore, the inventor had the idea of ​​developing an air-suction integrated cylindrical multi-row seeding system.

[0049] In the development of the air-suction integrated cylindrical multi-row seeding system, we initially tried using commercially available fans, but after testing various fans, none of them achieved the desired results. We then tried... Figure 1 The high-pressure vortex blower shown (750W / 48V) has insufficient air volume and air pressure; the next attempt was... Figure 2 The low-noise medium-pressure fan (750W / 220V) shown has insufficient air volume and air pressure; its fan blade structure is as follows. Figure 3 As shown; then try, Figure 4 The high-pressure snail-type exhaust fan (750W / 220V) shown has sufficient air volume but insufficient air pressure. Its fan blade structure is as follows: Figure 5 As shown; last attempt, Figure 1 The high-pressure vortex blower shown (1.1kW / 60V) has sufficient air pressure, but insufficient air volume.

[0050] After numerous failed tests of the finished blower, the inventor attempted to purchase a complete set of high-pressure blower components (see...). Figure 6 Modification tests were conducted, but none of them could meet the air volume and air pressure requirements of the air-suction integrated cylindrical multi-row seeding system. Based on this, the inventor improved the impeller, and after continuous testing, finally obtained a fan that meets the air pressure and air volume requirements of the air-suction integrated cylindrical multi-row seeding system.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] The following is an introduction to the wind turbine structure developed by the inventor.

[0053] Fans used in air-suction integrated cylindrical multi-row seeding systems, such as Figure 7-10 As shown, the device includes a housing 1 and an impeller 2 eccentrically fixed inside it, which rotates under the drive of a DC permanent magnet motor 3. The impeller 2 consists of two impeller disks 201 and multiple blades 202 evenly distributed between the two impeller disks 201. Here, a DC permanent magnet motor is used to drive the impeller because the tractor generator produces DC electricity, which can be directly driven by a DC permanent magnet motor without the need for an inverter.

[0054] At the same time, the system is independently driven by a DC permanent magnet motor, thus decoupling it from the tractor. The negative pressure inside the air-suction seed metering cylinder is no longer related to the tractor speed, eliminating the need for the tractor to run at high speeds for extended periods and ensuring the seeding effect of the air-suction integrated cylindrical multi-row seed metering system.

[0055] The air inlet 4 is located in the middle of the casing 1. A guide hole 203 is provided in the center of the impeller disk facing the air inlet 4. The airflow enters between the two impeller disks 201 perpendicular to the impeller disk through the guide hole 203, and forms a rotating airflow under the rotation of the impeller 2.

[0056] The exhaust vent 5 extends outward from the side of the casing 1, with the protruding part located at the point of maximum distance between the impeller disk 201 and the inner wall of the casing 1. (See [reference]) Figure 10 To ensure sufficient exhaust volume, the exhaust direction is tangential to the impeller disk 201. In actual testing, if the fan with the slits shown in the invention patent application CN 119278723 A is used, and the exhaust port is connected to the seed guide tube through a thin and lengthy airflow pipe, the exhaust volume will be significantly affected, making stable seed delivery impossible. Furthermore, when exhaust is obstructed, suction will also be affected, consequently impacting the seed metering device's normal seed adsorption.

[0057] The blades are preferably straight, with 7 to 14 blades in number, and the deflection angle α between adjacent blades is 25-35°. See [reference needed] Figure 11Both the air intake vent 4 and the exhaust vent 5 are large-diameter. Here, the quantity, angle, and combination of these elements are extremely crucial. Although there are many types of fans on the market with diverse blade structures, selecting the right type of components and making the necessary modifications to suit the needs of an integrated cylindrical multi-row seeding system requires considerable creativity. The inventors spent months researching and conducting numerous tests before achieving the fan structure that yielded the desired results.

[0058] Figure 11 The impeller shown has 12 blades, with a deflection angle of approximately 28° between adjacent blades. Testing revealed that when the intake port diameter is 140mm, the exhaust port size is 95mm*71mm, the impeller diameter is 400mm, and it is driven by a 1kW / 60V DC permanent magnet motor, the air pressure can reach 5-6Kpa (the specific air pressure depends on the DC permanent magnet motor speed).

[0059] See Figure 8 The 1kW / 60V DC permanent magnet motor is relatively small and can be directly mounted on the fan casing without the need for additional mounting brackets, simplifying installation. While using a more powerful motor could result in a faster impeller speed and greater air pressure and volume, it would also increase costs and affect installation portability. The fan structure presented in this invention effectively balances the conflict between fan air pressure, air volume, and motor power, achieving the desired effect while saving costs.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] This embodiment mainly combines the fan disclosed in Embodiment 1 into the practical application of the air-suction integrated cylindrical multi-row seeding system.

[0062] For the fan installation structure of the air-suction integrated cylindrical multi-row seeding system, see [link / reference]. Figure 12 The air intake 4 is connected to the air suction seed metering cylinder of the seed metering system through the pipe 6, providing negative pressure conditions for the air suction seed metering cylinder.

[0063] The exhaust vent 5 is connected to the seed drop channel 8 through the gas diversion connector 7. After the seeds fall into the seed drop channel, they fall steadily into the soil under the impact of the airflow, avoiding the seeds from getting stuck in the hose or causing uneven plant spacing due to inertial rolling.

[0064] See Figure 13 The gas diversion connector 7 consists of an air intake section 701 connected to the exhaust port and a diversion section 702 connected to the seed dropping channel 8. The diversion section 702 is provided with multiple air outlets 703, which are inclined downwards and connected to the lower part of each seed dropping channel 8. The diameter of the exhaust port must be larger than the diameter of the air outlet. Therefore, in order to connect the exhaust port and the air outlet well, the cross-sectional area of ​​the air intake section also needs to be larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the diversion section. The air intake section and the diversion section can be designed to gradually narrow.

[0065] To shorten the airflow exhaust path and ensure sufficient air pressure for the seed-dropping channel, the fan and the seed-dropping channel of the seed-discharging system are installed on the same side. See [reference needed]. Figure 14 Tests have shown that, based on the fan disclosed in Example 1 and the fan installation structure disclosed in Example 2, the airflow entering the seed drop channel 8 is large enough to ensure stable seed delivery.

[0066] Meanwhile, to ensure a stable power supply for the DC permanent magnet motor, the wind turbine is equipped with a rechargeable battery pack, which is charged by the tractor generator and provides DC power to the wind turbine.

[0067] Example 3

[0068] Seed dispensing channel 8 is composed of seed dispensing hopper 801 and seed dispensing pipe 802, see Figure 15 In actual testing, if the airflow entering the seed dropping channel 8 is too strong, it is easy to form a vortex inside the seed dropping channel 8, causing the seeds to spin in the seed dropping hopper 801 and unable to fall smoothly.

[0069] The seed-dropping pipe 802 has a double-layer structure, consisting of an outer sleeve 8021 and an inner drainage pipe 8022. (See attached image.) Figure 16-19 An airflow space is formed between the drainage pipe 8022 and the sleeve 8021. The exhaust port 5 is connected to the sleeve 8021 through the gas diversion connector 7. The drainage pipe 8022 is provided with several oblique through holes 8023, with the oblique through holes 8023 inclined in the direction of seed discharge.

[0070] The oblique through-hole 8023 connects the inner and outer spaces of the drainage tube 8022, creating an airflow space between the drainage tube 8022 and the sleeve 8021. The airflow flows into the drainage tube 8022 through the oblique through-hole 8023. The airflow flowing in through several oblique through-holes 8023 converges into the drainage tube 8022, causing the fallen seeds to be discharged more quickly in the direction of the airflow.

[0071] The double-layered seed-dropping pipe and the inclined through-holes facing the seed discharge direction ensure that airflow is evenly distributed from the inclined through-holes within the airflow space to the drainage pipe, and then flows into the drainage pipe along its opening direction, thus solving the cyclone problem. Actual testing has shown that this solution effectively addresses the issue of excessive airflow causing seeds to swirl in the seed-dropping hopper and fail to fall smoothly.

[0072] For easy fixation, a limiting seat 8024 is provided at the lower part of the drainage tube 8022, and the bottom of the sleeve 8021 is snapped onto the limiting seat 8024.

[0073] Meanwhile, the seed-dropping hopper tube is symmetrically equipped with pins 8011, which are engaged with U-shaped slot sensors 803. The sensing area 8031 ​​of the U-shaped slot sensor 803 is directly opposite the pins 8011 for seed-dropping sensing. The top of the sleeve 8021 is fitted onto the seed-dropping hopper tube and is equipped with claws 8025 that engage with the stepped screw holes of the U-shaped slot sensors to firmly fix the U-shaped slot sensors.

[0074] Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art and related fields based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fan for a pneumatic integrated cylindrical multi-row seeding system, characterized in that, It includes a housing and an impeller eccentrically fixed inside it. The impeller rotates under the drive of a DC permanent magnet motor. The impeller consists of two impeller disks and multiple blades evenly distributed between the two impeller disks. The air intake is located in the middle of the casing. A guide hole is provided in the center of the impeller disk facing the air intake. The airflow enters between the two impeller disks perpendicularly from the guide hole and forms a rotating airflow under the rotation of the impeller. The exhaust port extends outward from the side of the casing. The protruding part is located at the maximum distance between the impeller disk and the inner wall of the casing. The exhaust direction is tangent to the impeller disk.

2. The fan according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blades are straight and there are 7 to 14 blades. The deflection angle between adjacent blades is 25-35°.

3. The installation structure of the fan according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The blower is installed on the same side as the seed dropping channel of the seed metering system. Its air intake is connected to the air suction seed metering cylinder of the seed metering system through a pipe, and its exhaust is connected to the seed dropping channel through a gas diversion connector.

4. The fan installation structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The gas diversion connector consists of an air intake section connected to the exhaust port and a diversion section connected to the seed dropping channel. The diversion section is equipped with multiple air outlets, which are inclined downwards and connected to the lower part of each seed dropping channel. The cross-sectional area of ​​the air intake section is larger than that of the diversion section.

5. The fan installation structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The wind turbine is equipped with a rechargeable battery pack, which is charged by a tractor generator and provides DC power to the wind turbine.

6. The fan installation structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The seed-dropping channel has a double-layer structure, consisting of an outer sleeve and an inner drainage tube, with an airflow space formed between the drainage tube and the sleeve. The exhaust port is connected to the sleeve through a gas diversion connector. The drainage tube is equipped with several oblique through holes, with the oblique through holes tilted in the direction of seed discharge.

7. The fan installation structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, A limit seat is installed at the lower part of the drainage tube, and the bottom of the sleeve is locked onto the limit seat.

8. The fan installation structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The seed-dropping hopper tube is symmetrically equipped with pins, which are engaged with U-shaped groove sensors. The sensing area of ​​the U-shaped groove sensor is directly opposite the pins for seed-dropping sensing. The top of the sleeve is fitted with the seed-dropping hopper tube and is equipped with claws that engage with the stepped screw holes of the U-shaped groove sensor.

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