Electromagnetic field calculation method based on regular port, computer equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention provides an electromagnetic field calculation method based on a regular port, computer equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring port geometric parameters, port impedance and input power; according to the geometric parameters, the port impedance and the input power, an electric field analytic expression of the port in a transverse electromagnetic wave mode is called, and an electric field distribution function of the port area is generated; projecting the electric field distribution function to an edge element vector basis function of the port, and constructing a linear equation set about an edge element expansion coefficient; solving the linear equation set to obtain an edge element expansion coefficient; constructing an excitation vector of an ultrafinite element equation according to the edge element expansion coefficient; and embedding the excitation vector into the ultralimit element equation, and solving the electromagnetic field of the three-dimensional calculation area. According to the scheme, the port control equation can be constructed by utilizing the analytical expression of the transverse electromagnetic wave mode electric field distribution of the regular port, and a complex generalized eigenvalue problem in a traditional method is converted into a solving problem of a linear equation set, so that the solving speed and the calculation precision are remarkably improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of electronic design automation, and in particular to a rule port-based electromagnetic field calculation method, a computer device and a storage medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of electronic design automation (EDA), the transfinite element method is a core numerical technique for solving electromagnetic field problems involving ports, and its calculation accuracy depends largely on the accurate construction of the excitation vector. In the process of constructing the excitation vector, the accurate acquisition of the port edge element expansion coefficient is a key link. In the traditional technical solution, such expansion coefficients are usually obtained by solving electromagnetic field equations on a two-dimensional discrete grid on the port surface. This process essentially corresponds to the solution of a generalized eigenvalue problem. Although the full-wave numerical method can theoretically handle ports of any topological shape, it has significant limitations: on the one hand, the solution process has high computational complexity and slow convergence speed; on the other hand, after the solution is completed, an additional mode screening operation is required to extract the target transverse electromagnetic wave mode (TEM mode) from the multiple-order eigenmodes. Especially in high-frequency sweep analysis scenarios, this repeated iterative calculation mode significantly increases the computational burden, restricting the efficiency of engineering design. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a rule port-based electromagnetic field calculation method, a computer device and a storage medium. For regular ports with clear geometric characteristics such as rectangles and coaxial ports, the TEM mode electric field distribution analytical expression is used to construct the port control equation, converting the complex generalized eigenvalue problem in the traditional method into a linear equation system solving problem, which can significantly improve the solving speed and calculation accuracy, providing reliable technical support for efficient solution of electromagnetic field problems in EDA software.

[0004] The technical solution provided by the present application is as follows: In a first aspect, the present application provides a rule port-based electromagnetic field calculation method, comprising the steps of: Obtaining the geometric parameters of the port, the port impedance and the input power; According to the geometric parameters, the port impedance and the input power, calling the corresponding electric field analytical expression of the port in the transverse electromagnetic wave mode to generate the electric field distribution function of the port region; Projecting the electric field distribution function onto the edge element vector basis function of the port to construct a linear equation system about the edge element expansion coefficient; Solving the linear equation system to obtain the edge element expansion coefficient corresponding to the port; Constructing the excitation vector of the transfinite element equation according to the edge element expansion coefficient; The excitation vector is embedded into the hyperfinite element equation to solve the electromagnetic field in a three-dimensional calculation region.

[0005] In some embodiments, the port is a rectangular port, and the geometric parameters of the port include width and height of the port. The electric field distribution function of the port region of the port is: , wherein, is the input power, is the port impedance, is the electric field direction, is the port height.

[0006] In some embodiments, the port is a coaxial port, and the geometric parameters of the port include inner radius and outer radius of the port. The electric field distribution function of the port region of the port is: , wherein, is the input power, is the port impedance, is the inner radius, is the outer radius, is the distance from any point on the port to the center of the port, is the radial unit vector.

[0007] In some embodiments, the linear equation system about the edge element expansion coefficients includes: The electric field distribution function of any point on the port surface is obtained according to the analytical expression of the electric field of the port in the transverse electromagnetic wave mode. The vector basis functions of the triangular grid elements of the port surface are constructed according to the grid model of the port. The electric field distribution function is projected and corresponded to the edge element vector basis functions to obtain the linear equation system about the edge element expansion coefficients.

[0008] In some embodiments, the projection expression of the electric field distribution function and the edge element vector basis functions of the port is: , wherein, is the analytical expression of the electric field of the port in the transverse electromagnetic wave mode; is the first vector basis function of the triangular grid element; is the expansion coefficient of the first vector basis function.

[0009] In some embodiments, multiplying the projection expression by the basis functions on both sides and integrating over the triangular mesh elements, we have: , where, is the i-th vector basis function of the triangular mesh element; is the expansion coefficient of the i-th vector basis function; is the expansion coefficient of the i-th vector basis function; The linear equation system can be expressed as: where, , , .

[0010] In some embodiments, the solving the linear equation system comprises: calling a linear algebra function library to solve the linear equation system to obtain the edge element expansion coefficients corresponding to the ports .

[0011] In some embodiments, the method further comprises, before the obtaining the geometric parameters of the ports: determining whether the ports are regular ports, and when the ports are determined to be irregular ports, solving electromagnetic field equations on a two-dimensional discrete mesh on the port surface to obtain the excitation vectors of the superfinite element equations.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present application provides a computer device, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method for calculating electromagnetic field based on regular ports according to the first aspect.

[0013] In a third aspect, the present application provides a computer storage medium having a computer program or instructions stored thereon, wherein the computer program or instructions are executed by a processor to implement the steps of the method for calculating electromagnetic field based on regular ports according to the first aspect.

[0014] The method for calculating electromagnetic field based on regular ports, the computer device and the storage medium provided by the present application have at least the following technical effects: 1) The solving speed is greatly improved: for regular ports with clear geometric characteristics such as rectangular and coaxial, the present application uses the analytical expression of the TEM mode electric field distribution to construct the port control equation, converts the complex generalized eigenvalue problem in the traditional method into the solving problem of the linear equation system, avoids the redundant iterative calculation, and can significantly improve the solving speed and calculation accuracy; ​2) Eliminate the mode selection step: directly use the port TEM mode electric field analytical expression, without screening the target mode from multiple eigenmodes, thereby eliminating the mode selection operation; 3) Higher solution accuracy: the electric field distribution based on the analytical expression is more consistent with the real electromagnetic characteristics of the regular port, which can reduce the error caused by numerical discretization; 4) Strong engineering applicability: can be directly integrated into the electromagnetic field solving module of EDA software, suitable for typical regular port scenarios such as rectangular and coaxial, and improves engineering design efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0015] The above characteristics, technical features, advantages and implementation ways of the present application will be further described in the following preferred embodiments in a clear and understandable manner, combined with the drawings.

[0016] Figure 1 is the overall flowchart of an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is a rectangular port schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is a coaxial port schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only represent some embodiments of the present application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings and other embodiments according to these drawings without creative labor.

[0018] In order to make the drawing simple, only the parts related to the present application are shown in each drawing, which do not represent the actual structure of the product. In addition, in order to make the drawing simple and easy to understand, in some drawings, only one of the parts with the same structure or function is shown, or only one of them is marked. In this paper, "one" not only means "only one", but also means "more than one".

[0019] In the field of electronic design automation (EDA), the transfinite element method provides an accurate method for injecting and absorbing waveguide or transmission line modes into and from the computational domain through ports, and its calculation accuracy depends largely on the accurate construction of the excitation vector. In the process of constructing the excitation vector, the accurate acquisition of the port edge element expansion coefficient is a key link. In the traditional technical scheme, such expansion coefficients are usually obtained by solving electromagnetic field equations on a two-dimensional discrete grid on the port surface through a full-wave algorithm, which essentially corresponds to the solution of a generalized eigenvalue problem.

[0020] Although the full-wave numerical method can theoretically handle ports of any topological shape, it has significant limitations: on the one hand, the solution process has high computational complexity and slow convergence speed; on the other hand, after the solution is completed, an additional mode screening operation is required to extract the target transverse electromagnetic wave mode (TEM mode) from the multi-order eigenmodes. Especially in high-frequency sweep analysis scenarios, this repeated iterative calculation mode significantly increases the computational burden, restricting the efficiency of engineering design.

[0021] The present scheme is aimed at regular ports with clear geometric characteristics such as rectangular and coaxial ports, and uses the analytical expression of the TEM mode electric field distribution to construct the port control equation, converting the complex generalized eigenvalue problem in the traditional method into a linear equation system solving problem. This technical scheme can significantly improve the solution speed and calculation accuracy, providing reliable technical support for efficient solution of electromagnetic field problems in EDA software. In the following, the present scheme will be described in detail in conjunction with the drawings: In one embodiment, referring to the drawings attached Figure 1 The present application provides a regular port-based electromagnetic field calculation method, comprising the steps of: S100, obtaining the geometric parameters, port impedance and input power of the port.

[0022] Before obtaining the geometric parameters of the port, it is necessary to determine whether the port is a regular port (such as a rectangular port, a coaxial port, etc.). When the port is determined to be a regular port, the optimized calculation scheme of the present scheme is used to calculate the excitation vector of the transfinite element equation. First, identify the regular port in the problem to be solved, obtain its geometric parameters (such as the width and height of a rectangular port, the inner and outer radii of a coaxial port), port impedance and input power. When the port is determined to be a non-regular port, the excitation vector of the transfinite element equation is obtained by solving the electromagnetic field equation on a two-dimensional discrete grid on the port surface in the conventional technology.

[0023] S200, according to the geometric parameters, port impedance and input power, calling the corresponding port electric field analytical expression in the transverse electromagnetic wave mode to generate the electric field distribution function of the port region.

[0024] Transverse Electro-Magnetic (TEM) mode refers to the electromagnetic wave mode where both electric and magnetic field components are perpendicular to the direction of propagation, i.e. E_z ≡ 0, H_z ≡ 0 (z is the direction of propagation). According to the shape characteristics of the regular port, the analytical expression of the corresponding TEM mode can be invoked to generate the electric field distribution function of the port region. In an example, refer to the attached Figure 2 When the port is a rectangular port, the geometric parameters of the port include the width (w) and height (h) of the port. For a rectangular port, which corresponds to two infinite parallel plate waveguides, the electric field distribution function of the port region is: , where, P_in is the input power, Z_p is the port impedance, E is the electric field direction, h is the port height, which is the vertical metal conductor contacting the port. The port electric field direction depends on the relative position of the signal conductor and the reference conductor, and in this example the electric field is along the direction.

[0025] In an example, refer to the attached Figure 3 When the port is a coaxial port, the geometric parameters of the port include the inner radius (r_in) and outer radius (r_out) of the port. For a coaxial port, which corresponds to a coaxial waveguide, the electric field distribution function of the port region is: , where, P_in is the input power, Z_p is the port impedance, r_in is the inner radius, r_out is the outer radius, r is the distance from the center of the port to any point on the port, r_hat is the radial unit vector. The inner and outer circles of the port respectively contact the metal conductors, and the port electric field direction depends on the settings of the signal conductor and the reference conductor. In this example, the electric field points from the inner circle to the outer circle.

[0026] S300, project the electric field distribution function onto the edge element vector basis function of the port to construct a linear equation system about the edge element expansion coefficient.

[0027] Vector basis function is a basic building block used to represent vector fields (electric field, magnetic field, etc.) in vector finite element methods (such as electromagnetic field simulation). Unlike scalar basis functions, vector basis functions are themselves vectors and are usually defined on the edges or faces of elements, rather than on nodes. In this application, the vector basis function is defined on the edge element.

[0028] In one specific implementation, a linear equation set about the edge element expansion coefficient is constructed, including: The electric field distribution function of any point on the port surface is obtained according to the electric field analytic expression of the port in the transverse electromagnetic wave mode; the vector base function of the triangular grid unit of the port surface is constructed according to the grid model of the port; the electric field distribution function is projected and corresponded to the edge element vector base function, and a linear equation set about the edge element expansion coefficient is obtained.

[0029] Specifically, the electric field of any point on the port surface is obtained from the electric field distribution function and can also be obtained from the combination of the discrete triangular grid unit edge element vector base function, that is, the projection expression of the electric field distribution function and the edge element vector base function of the port is: , Wherein, E is the electric field analytic expression of the port in the transverse electromagnetic wave mode; is the first vector base function of the triangular grid unit; is the expansion coefficient of the first vector base function. The projection expression is multiplied by the base function on both sides and integrated over the triangular grid unit, and the following equation is obtained:

[0030] , , Wherein, is the first vector base function of the triangular grid unit; is the expansion coefficient of the first vector base function; The linear equation set can be expressed as: , , , , .

[0031] S400, solve the linear equation set to obtain the edge element expansion coefficient corresponding to the port.

[0032] Specifically, the linear algebra function library is called to solve the linear equation set to obtain the edge element expansion coefficient corresponding to the port .

[0033] S500, construct the excitation vector of the super-element equation according to the edge element expansion coefficient.

[0034] S600, embed the excitation vector into the super-element equation to solve the electromagnetic field of the three-dimensional calculation region.

[0035] ​​In the method, a port control equation is constructed by using an analytical expression of a port TEM mode electric field distribution, a complex generalized eigenvalue problem in a traditional method is converted into a linear equation set solving, after edge element expansion coefficients corresponding to the port are obtained, an excitation vector of a super-limit element equation can be directly constructed according to the edge element expansion coefficients without considering each eigenmode and generalized eigenvalue of the port, and the electromagnetic field of the whole three-dimensional calculation region can be solved by embedding the excitation vector into a main equation of the super-limit element.

[0036] The method for calculating the electromagnetic field based on the regular port provided by the application has at least the following technical effects: 1) The solving speed is greatly improved: in the method, an analytical expression of a port TEM mode electric field distribution is used to construct a port control equation, a complex generalized eigenvalue problem in a traditional method is converted into a linear equation set solving, redundant iterative calculation is avoided, and the solving speed and calculation accuracy can be significantly improved; 2) The mode selection step is saved: the analytical expression of the port TEM mode electric field is directly used, and the target mode does not need to be selected from multiple eigenmodes, so that the mode selection operation is saved; 3) The solving accuracy is higher: the electric field distribution based on the analytical expression is more consistent with the real electromagnetic characteristics of the regular port, and the error caused by numerical discretization can be reduced; 4) The engineering applicability is strong: the method can be directly integrated into an electromagnetic field solving module of EDA software, is suitable for typical regular port scenes such as a rectangle and a coaxial cable, and improves the engineering design efficiency.

[0037] In an embodiment, on the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the application provides a computer device, which comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory, and the processor executes the computer program to realize the steps of the method for calculating the electromagnetic field based on the regular port in the foregoing embodiment.

[0038] In an embodiment, on the basis of the foregoing embodiment, the application provides a computer storage medium, which stores a computer program or instructions, and the computer program or instructions are executed by a processor to realize the steps of the method for calculating the electromagnetic field based on the regular port in the foregoing embodiment.

[0039] The method for calculating the electromagnetic field based on the regular port can be realized by program codes executable by a computing device, so that the program codes can be stored in a storage device and executed by the computing device, or the program codes are respectively made into individual integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps in the program codes are made into a single integrated circuit module to realize. Therefore, the application is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.

[0040] It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as needed. The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present application, a number of improvements and refinements can be made, which should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for calculating electromagnetic fields based on regular ports, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Obtain the port's geometric parameters, port impedance, and input power; Based on the geometric parameters, port impedance, and input power, the electric field distribution function of the port region is generated by calling the corresponding analytical expression of the electric field of the port in transverse electromagnetic wave mode. Project the electric field distribution function onto the edge element vector basis function of the port to construct a system of linear equations about the edge element expansion coefficients; Solve the system of linear equations to obtain the expansion coefficients of the edge elements corresponding to the port; The excitation vector for constructing the superfinite element equation is based on the expansion coefficients of the edge element; The excitation vector is embedded into the superfinite element equation to solve the electromagnetic field of the three-dimensional computational domain.

2. The electromagnetic field calculation method based on regular ports according to claim 1, characterized in that, The port is a rectangular port, and the geometric parameters of the port include the width and height of the port; The electric field distribution function of the port region of the port is: ， in, For input power, Port impedance, The direction of the electric field. This represents the port height.

3. The electromagnetic field calculation method based on regular ports according to claim 1, characterized in that, The port is a coaxial port, and the geometric parameters of the port include the inner circle radius and the outer circle radius of the port; The electric field distribution function of the port region of the port is: ， in, For input power, Port impedance, Let the radius be the inner circle radius. Let the radius be the outer circle. Let be the distance from any point on the port to the center of the port circle. It is a radial unit vector.

4. The electromagnetic field calculation method based on regular ports according to claim 1, characterized in that, The construction of the linear equation system with respect to the expansion coefficients of the edge elements includes: The electric field distribution function at any point on the port surface is obtained based on the analytical expression of the electric field of the port in transverse electromagnetic wave mode. Based on the mesh model of the port, construct the vector basis functions of the triangular mesh elements of the port face; By projecting the electric field distribution function onto the edge element vector basis function, a system of linear equations about the edge element expansion coefficients is obtained.

5. The electromagnetic field calculation method based on regular ports according to claim 4, characterized in that, The projection expression of the electric field distribution function and the edge element vector basis function of the port is: ， in, The analytical expression for the electric field of the port in transverse electromagnetic wave mode; It is the first triangular mesh cell. One vector basis function; It is the first The expansion coefficients of the vector basis functions.

6. The electromagnetic field calculation method based on regular ports according to claim 5, characterized in that, Multiplying both sides of the projection expression by the basis functions and integrating over the triangular mesh elements, we get: ， in, It is the first triangular mesh cell. One vector basis function; It is the first The expansion coefficients of the vector basis functions; The system of linear equations can be expressed as: ,in, ， ， 。 7. The electromagnetic field calculation method based on regular ports according to claim 6, characterized in that, Solving the system of linear equations includes: By calling the linear algebra function library, the system of linear equations is solved to obtain the expansion coefficients of the edge elements corresponding to the port. .

8. The electromagnetic field calculation method based on regular ports according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of obtaining the geometric parameters of the port also includes: Determine whether the port is a regular port. If the port is determined to be an irregular port, solve the electromagnetic field equation on the two-dimensional discrete grid of the port surface to obtain the excitation vector of the superfinite element equation.

9. A computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, characterized in that, The processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the electromagnetic field calculation method based on regular ports as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. A computer storage medium having a computer program or instructions stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program or instructions are executed by the processor, they implement the steps of the electromagnetic field calculation method based on regular ports as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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