Rice seedling raising substrate, preparation method thereof and rice seedling raising method
By directly crushing straw and mixing it with polyvinyl alcohol 1788 and compound fertilizer to prepare rice seedling substrate, the problems of straw fermentation occupying land and burning seedlings are solved, realizing the immediate resource utilization of straw and improving the quality of seedlings.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511816706.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-06
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for preparing rice seedling substrate through straw fermentation suffer from problems such as large land area requirements, long fermentation cycles, and high risk of seedling burn. Furthermore, the need for fermentation treatment leads to low resource utilization efficiency.
Rice seedling substrate is prepared by drying and crushing straw, mixing it with polyvinyl alcohol 1788 and compound fertilizer solution, shaping it, and then drying it to avoid the fermentation process. This substrate is then used for rice seedling cultivation.
This enables the immediate resource utilization of straw, increases seedling height and biomass, reduces the risk of seedling burn, and improves the safety and efficiency of seedling cultivation.
Smart Images
Figure CN121464902A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of rice seedling substrate technology, and particularly relates to a rice seedling substrate, its preparation method, and a rice seedling raising method. Background Technology
[0002] Wheat and rice straw are produced in large quantities, and resource recycling is the main method of straw treatment advocated by the state. Using straw as the sole raw material to prepare rice seedling substrate is currently one way to utilize straw resources. However, this method requires the straw to undergo fermentation, which typically takes several months, or even more than a year. Several problems exist during straw fermentation, such as the need for large-scale straw piling requiring extensive space, and the long fermentation period contradicting the large quantity of straw produced. Furthermore, rice seedling substrate prepared solely from fermented straw can significantly increase the risk of seedling burn if improperly handled during tray stacking, such as high-temperature sealing or poor aeration. Therefore, developing a method for producing rice seedling substrate without fermentation, where straw can be used immediately after production, and which ensures safe and efficient seedling cultivation, is extremely important. Summary of the Invention
[0003] In view of this, one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a rice seedling substrate.
[0004] The second objective of this invention is to provide a rice seedling substrate prepared by the aforementioned preparation method.
[0005] The third objective of this invention is to provide a method for raising rice seedlings using the aforementioned rice seedling substrate.
[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for preparing a rice seedling substrate includes the following steps: Straw is dried, then crushed to produce straw fiber; Polyvinyl alcohol 1788 and compound fertilizer are mixed and dissolved in water to obtain a mixed solution; in the mixed solution, the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol 1788 is 2%~3% w / w, and the concentration of compound fertilizer is 0.2%~0.3% w / w. The mixed solution is mixed with straw fibers, shaped, and then dried.
[0007] Preferably, the straw is any one or both of rice straw and wheat straw.
[0008] Preferably, the length of the straw fiber is 0.5~1.0cm.
[0009] Preferably, the N-P2O5-K2O content in the compound fertilizer is (15%~20%)-(15%~20%)-(5%~8%).
[0010] Preferably, the shaping process involves controlling the thickness of the seedling substrate to be 1.5~2.0cm; and the density of the seedling substrate after drying to be 100~150g / m³. 3 .
[0011] Preferably, the mixed solution is mixed with straw fiber at a volume ratio of 1:5.
[0012] The present invention also provides a rice seedling substrate, which is prepared by the above-described preparation method.
[0013] The present invention also provides a method for raising rice seedlings, using the above-mentioned rice seedling substrate, comprising the following steps: After the rice seeds have sprouted and turned white, they are sown onto the rice seedling substrate, covered with straw fiber, and then thoroughly watered.
[0014] Preferably, the straw fiber length is 0.6~1.0cm.
[0015] Preferably, the sowing rate of the rice seeds is 4-8 g / dm². 2 .
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a method for preparing a rice seedling substrate. Harvested straw can be directly used to prepare the rice seedling substrate without fermentation. The seedling substrate prepared by this invention can effectively increase the plant height of rice seedlings, as well as the biomass of the aboveground parts and roots, resulting in high-quality seedlings. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 The substrate after shaping and drying in Example 1; Figure 2 The images show the seedling raising effects of different seedling substrates; the left image shows the seedling raising substrate prepared in Example 1, the middle image shows the commercially available substrate, and the right image shows the fermented substrate. Figure 3 The seedling raising effect of seedling substrates prepared from different raw materials; Figure 4 The effect of straw fiber length on seedling raising effect is shown; the left figure shows the seedling raising substrate prepared in Example 2, and the right figure shows the seedling raising substrate prepared in Comparative Example 3. Figure 5 The effect of the thickness of the seedling substrate on the seedling raising effect is shown in the figure below. The left figure shows the seedling substrate prepared in Example 3, the middle figure shows the seedling substrate prepared in Comparative Example 4, and the right figure shows the seedling substrate prepared in Comparative Example 5. Detailed Implementation
[0018] This invention provides a method for preparing a rice seedling substrate, comprising the following steps: drying and crushing straw to produce straw fibers; mixing polyvinyl alcohol 1788 and compound fertilizer and dissolving them in water to obtain a mixed solution; wherein the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol 1788 in the mixed solution is 2%~3% w / w and the concentration of compound fertilizer is 0.2%~0.3% w / w; mixing the mixed solution with the straw fibers, shaping and drying them.
[0019] In the preparation method of this invention, the straw is preferably any one or both of rice straw and wheat straw; the straw drying is preferably done until the moisture content is <10%; after drying, the straw is preferably pulverized using a hammer mill, and the pulverized straw is preferably prepared into straw fibers with a length of 0.5~1.0 cm. The N-P2O5-K2O content in the compound fertilizer of this invention is (15%~20%)-(15%~20%)-(5%~8%). In the mixed solution, the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol 1788 is 2%, 2.2%, 2.4%, 2.5%, 2.6%, 2.8% or 3% w / w in some examples, and the concentration of the compound fertilizer is 0.22%, 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.28% or 0.3% w / w in some examples. The mixed solution and straw fibers are preferably mixed at a volume ratio of 1:5.
[0020] This invention involves thoroughly mixing a solution with straw, ensuring the solution fully coats the straw fibers. The straw fibers, now fully coated with the solution, are then shaped and dried. The shaping process preferably involves controlling the thickness of the seedling substrate to be 1.5–2.0 cm. The drying temperature is preferably 75–85°C. The moisture content of the dried seedling substrate is preferably <5%. The density of the dried seedling substrate is preferably 100–150 g / m³. 3 Further preferred is 120~130g / m 3 .
[0021] The present invention also provides a rice seedling substrate, which is prepared by the above-described preparation method.
[0022] This invention also provides a method for rice seedling cultivation, using the aforementioned rice seedling substrate, comprising the following steps: sowing rice seeds after germination and sprouting onto the rice seedling substrate, covering the rice seeds with straw fiber, and watering thoroughly; the preferred method for preparing the straw fiber is to dry the straw to a moisture content of <10%; the dried straw is preferably pulverized using a hammer mill, and the pulverized straw is preferably prepared into straw fiber with a length of 0.6~1.0cm; the preferred sowing rate of the rice seeds is 4~8g / dm². 2 The preferred thickness of the straw fiber covering is just enough to cover the rice seeds; after watering thoroughly, proceed with the routine management of rice seedling cultivation.
[0023] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0024] Example 1 A method for preparing a rice seedling substrate, comprising the following steps: The collected rice straw is first dried (78℃, until the moisture content is <10%). The dried straw is crushed using a hammer mill, which tears the straw and prepares it into straw fibers with a length of 0.5 to 1.0 cm.
[0025] Polyvinyl alcohol 1788 and compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=18%-18%-6%) were mixed and dissolved in water to obtain a mixed solution. The concentration of polyvinyl alcohol 1788 in the mixed solution was 2.5% (w / w), and the concentration of compound fertilizer was 0.25% (w / w). The mixed solution was then thoroughly mixed with straw fibers to ensure that the mixed solution fully coated the straw fibers.
[0026] The straw fibers fully coated with the mixture were shaped and dried to a thickness of 1.8 cm. After drying (78℃, until the moisture content is <5%), the density of the seedling substrate was 120 g / m³. 3 The dried substrate is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.
[0027] Example 2 A method for preparing a rice seedling substrate, comprising the following steps: The collected rice straw is first dried (80℃, until the moisture content is <10%). The dried straw is crushed using a hammer mill, which tears the straw and prepares it into straw fibers with a length of 0.5 to 1.0 cm.
[0028] Polyvinyl alcohol 1788 and compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=15%-20%-8%) were mixed and dissolved in water to obtain a mixed solution. The concentration of polyvinyl alcohol 1788 in the mixed solution was 3% (w / w), and the concentration of compound fertilizer was 0.22% (w / w). The mixed solution was then thoroughly mixed with straw fibers to ensure that the mixed solution fully coated the straw fibers.
[0029] The straw fibers fully coated with the mixture were shaped and dried to a thickness of 1.6 cm. After drying (78℃, until the moisture content is <5%), the density of the seedling substrate was 140 g / m³. 3 .
[0030] Example 3 A method for preparing a rice seedling substrate, comprising the following steps: The collected rice straw is first dried (78℃, until the moisture content is <10%). The dried straw is crushed using a hammer mill, which tears the straw and prepares it into straw fibers with a length of 0.5 to 1.0 cm.
[0031] Polyvinyl alcohol 1788 and compound fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O=20%-16%-7%) were mixed and dissolved in water to obtain a mixed solution. The concentration of polyvinyl alcohol 1788 in the mixed solution was 2.8% (w / w), and the concentration of compound fertilizer was 0.28% (w / w). The mixed solution was then thoroughly mixed with straw fibers to ensure that the mixed solution fully coated the straw fibers.
[0032] The straw fibers fully coated with the mixture were shaped and dried to a thickness of 2.0 cm. After drying (78℃, until the moisture content is <5%), the density of the seedling substrate was 110 g / m³. 3 .
[0033] Example 4 A method for rice seedling cultivation, the steps are as follows: After the rice seeds have sprouted and turned white, they are sown onto the rice seedling substrate, covered with straw fiber, and thoroughly watered. After watering, the rice seedlings are managed according to the usual rice seedling management procedures.
[0034] The method for preparing straw fiber is as follows: the straw is dried to a moisture content of <10%, and after drying, the straw is crushed using a hammer mill to prepare straw fiber with a length of 0.6~1.0cm.
[0035] The sowing rate for rice seeds is 5 g / dm². 2 The preferred thickness of the straw fiber covering is just enough to cover the rice seeds.
[0036] Comparative Example 1 A rice seedling substrate, which differs from Example 1 in that polyvinyl alcohol 1788 is replaced with polyvinyl alcohol 1799.
[0037] Comparative Example 2 A rice seedling substrate, which differs from Example 1 in that polyvinyl alcohol 1788 is replaced with starch.
[0038] Comparative Example 3 A rice seedling substrate, which differs from Example 2 in that the straw fiber length is 1.5~2.5cm.
[0039] Comparative Example 4 A rice seedling substrate, which differs from Example 3 in that the seedling substrate has a fixed thickness of 2.5 cm.
[0040] Comparative Example 5 A rice seedling substrate, which differs from Example 3 in that the seedling substrate has a fixed thickness of 3.5 cm.
[0041] Example 5 The effects of different seedling substrates on seedling cultivation.
[0042] Rice seedlings were raised using the rice seedling substrate prepared in Example 1 (referred to as Example 1), the straw fermentation seedling substrate from Jiaxing Tongao Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. (referred to as fermentation substrate), and the rice seedling substrate produced by Tongxiang Huien Agricultural Waste Biological Treatment Professional Cooperative (referred to as commercially available substrate). Each substrate was repeated three times.
[0043] Different seedling substrates were placed in 9-inch trays (60cm × 30cm). The seeding rate was 90g per tray. Germinated rice seeds were evenly sown onto the straw fibers in the trays. Straw fibers of 0.6-1.0cm length were then used to cover the seeds, with the covering thickness just covering them. The trays were thoroughly watered and managed according to standard rice seedling cultivation practices. The method for preparing the straw fibers was the same as in Example 4.
[0044] The germination rate of rice seeds was measured 3 days after sowing, and the growth status of rice was measured 15 days after sowing. Figure 2 As shown in Table 1, the plant height, aboveground biomass, and root biomass of rice seedlings were statistically analyzed. All data are the mean of three replicates.
[0045] Table 1. Seedling raising effects of different seedling substrates
[0046] According to the results in Table 1, the rice seed germination rate of the straw-based non-fermented seedling substrate prepared by this invention is basically the same as that of the fermented substrate, and slightly higher than that of ordinary seedling substrates purchased on the market. The aboveground and root biomass of rice seedlings from the straw-based non-fermented seedling substrate of this invention is similar to that of the fermented substrate, but the seedling quality is better than that of ordinary seedling substrates purchased on the market.
[0047] Example 6 The seedling raising effect of seedling substrates prepared from different raw materials.
[0048] Rice seedlings were raised using the rice seedling substrates prepared in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2, respectively, with each substrate being repeated 3 times.
[0049] Different seedling substrates were placed in 9-inch trays (60cm × 30cm). The seeding rate was 110g per tray. Germinated rice seeds were evenly sown onto the straw fibers in the trays. Straw fibers of 0.6-1.0cm length were then used to cover the seeds, with the covering thickness just covering them. The trays were thoroughly watered, and the seedlings were managed according to standard rice seedling cultivation practices. The method for preparing the straw fibers was the same as in Example 4.
[0050] The growth status of rice 15 days after sowing is as follows Figure 3 As shown in Table 2, the plant height, aboveground biomass, and root biomass of rice seedlings were statistically analyzed. All data are the mean of three replicates.
[0051] Table 2. Seedling raising effects of seedling substrates prepared from different raw materials.
[0052] According to the results in Table 2, the rice seedling substrate prepared by polyvinyl alcohol 1788 in this invention can effectively improve the plant height, aboveground biomass and root biomass of rice seedlings.
[0053] Example 7 The effect of straw fiber length on seedling raising effect.
[0054] Rice seedlings were raised using the rice seedling substrates prepared in Example 2 and Comparative Example 3, respectively, with each substrate being repeated 3 times.
[0055] Different seedling substrates were placed in 7-inch trays (60cm × 24cm). The seeding rate was 80g per tray. Germinated rice seeds were evenly sown onto the straw fibers in the trays. Straw fibers of 0.6-1.0cm length were then used to cover the seeds, with the covering thickness just covering them. The trays were thoroughly watered and managed according to standard rice seedling cultivation practices. The method for preparing the straw fibers was the same as in Example 4.
[0056] The growth status of rice 15 days after sowing is as follows Figure 4 As shown in Table 3, the plant height, aboveground biomass, and root biomass of rice seedlings were statistically analyzed. All data are the mean of three replicates.
[0057] Table 3. Effect of straw fiber length on seedling raising effect
[0058] As shown in Table 3, the length of straw fiber significantly affects the rice seedling raising effect. The rice seedling raising substrate prepared in this invention can effectively improve the plant height, aboveground biomass and root biomass of rice seedlings.
[0059] Example 8 The effect of the thickness of the seedling substrate on the seedling raising effect.
[0060] Rice seedlings were raised using the rice seedling substrates prepared in Example 3, Comparative Example 4, and Comparative Example 5, respectively, with each substrate being repeated 3 times.
[0061] Different seedling substrates were placed in 7-inch trays (60cm × 24cm). The seeding rate was 120g per tray. Germinated rice seeds were evenly sown onto the straw fibers in the trays, and then covered with 0.6cm lengths of straw fibers, just covering the seeds. The trays were then thoroughly watered and managed according to standard rice seedling cultivation practices. The method for preparing the straw fibers was the same as in Example 4.
[0062] The growth status of rice 15 days after sowing is as follows Figure 5 As shown in Table 4, the plant height, aboveground biomass, and root biomass of rice seedlings were statistically analyzed. All data are the mean of three replicates.
[0063] Table 4. Seedling raising effects of different seedling substrate thicknesses
[0064] As shown in Table 4, with the increase of substrate thickness, the substrate has a high water holding capacity during seedling raising, but the dissolved oxygen in the substrate decreases, resulting in poor oxygen secretion capacity of rice seedlings and inhibited growth. The seedling raising substrate provided by this invention can promote the growth of rice seedlings.
[0065] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for preparing a rice seedling substrate, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Straw is dried, then crushed to produce straw fiber; Polyvinyl alcohol 1788 and compound fertilizer are mixed and dissolved in water to obtain a mixed solution; in the mixed solution, the concentration of polyvinyl alcohol 1788 is 2%~3% w / w, and the concentration of compound fertilizer is 0.2%~0.3% w / w. The mixed solution is mixed with straw fibers, shaped, and then dried.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The straw can be any one or both of rice straw and wheat straw.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the straw fiber is 0.5~1.0cm.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The N-P2O5-K2O content in the compound fertilizer is (15%~20%)-(15%~20%)-(5%~8%).
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shaping process involves controlling the thickness of the seedling substrate to be 1.5~2.0cm; and the density of the dried seedling substrate to be 100~150g / m³. 3 .
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mixed solution is mixed with straw fiber at a volume ratio of 1:
5.
7. A rice seedling substrate, characterized in that, It is prepared by any one of the preparation methods described in claims 1 to 6.
8. A method for raising rice seedlings, characterized in that, Raising rice seedlings using the rice seedling substrate of claim 7 includes the following steps: After the rice seeds have sprouted and turned white, they are sown onto the rice seedling substrate, covered with straw fiber, and then thoroughly watered.
9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The straw fiber length is 0.6~1.0cm.
10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The sowing rate of the rice seed is 4-8 g / dm³. 2 .