One-way heat conduction water heat prevention and control tower footing stability enhancing device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of frozen soil engineering disease treatment and prevention and control, in particular to a one-way heat conduction water heat prevention and control tower footing stability enhancing device which comprises a water storage and supplement unit, a sunshade unit and a heat insulation and cold storage unit. The heat insulation and cold storage unit is buried in frozen soil around the bottom of a power transmission line iron tower material and extends above the ground surface, and the surface of the heat insulation and cold storage unit is in a water dispersing shape with the high inside and the low outside and used for reducing the temperature of the frozen soil on the lower portion in winter. According to the filling type combined structure, through organic cooperation and cooperative linkage of all the units, the synergistic effect mechanism of sunshade cooling, one-way heat conduction cooling and multi-stage cooling is innovatively adopted, the good protection effect on lower frozen soil is achieved, the dual purposes of the excellent cooling effect and the improvement of the stability of a frozen soil foundation are achieved, and the filling type combined structure has the high flexibility and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. The method can fully adapt to the complex working conditions that the field terrain is uneven and the landform changes drastically, and the problem that a traditional structure is insufficient in adaptability to the construction environment is effectively solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of permafrost engineering disease treatment and prevention, and particularly relates to a one-way heat conduction water and heat prevention and control tower foundation stability enhancement device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The Qinghai-Tibet engineering corridor is about 1120 km long, with an average altitude of 4500 m, and the permafrost section is about 550 km. At present, in the narrow permafrost corridor with a width of several kilometers and a narrow width of several hundred meters, there are densely distributed major linear projects such as the Qinghai-Tibet Highway built and opened to traffic in 1954, the Golmud-Lhasa oil pipeline completed in 1977, the Lanzhou-Xining communication optical cable buried in the 1990s, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway built and opened to traffic in 2006, the 440 kV Qinghai-Tibet DC interconnection project completed in 2013, and the early 110 kV transmission and line. With the new round of economic development in the Tibet Autonomous Region, major projects including the Qinghai-Tibet Expressway, the double-track railway, the high-voltage transmission line and the gas pipeline will be built in succession, and the engineering density in the Qinghai-Tibet engineering corridor will continue to increase.

[0003] In recent decades, under the influence of global warming and human engineering activities, the permafrost around the engineering foundation in the Qinghai-Tibet engineering corridor is disturbed, causing local melting of underground ice or permafrost layer, and the ground surface is sunken to form a thaw depression and accumulate water. A large amount of heat enters the inside of the engineering foundation, further promoting the melting of the lower permafrost and underground ice, thereby causing the bearing capacity of the permafrost under the engineering foundation to decrease, which seriously threatens the stability and safe operation of the engineering.

[0004] The Qinghai-Tibet DC interconnection project tower foundation in the permafrost region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau causes surface subsidence due to the melting of the underlying permafrost and underground ice, and a large amount of water accumulates. After the water carrying a large amount of heat enters the inside of the tower foundation, it further causes the melting of the underlying permafrost and underground ice, and the bearing capacity of the permafrost weakens, which seriously threatens the stability of the tower foundation.

[0005] In addition, the thaw depression and water accumulation under the influence of the project also lead to the degradation of the surrounding grassland and the destruction of the grass mat, aggravating soil erosion and water loss. At present, there is still a blank in the technology for treating the thaw disaster under the influence of the permafrost engineering, effectively utilizing the water and reducing the soil temperature, promoting the positive development of the underlying permafrost and maintaining the stability of the permafrost engineering foundation, which is also a problem to be solved in the field of permafrost engineering disease prevention and control.

[0006] In the conventional technology, although the hard polyurethane thermal insulation board can partially block the downward heat transfer, it lacks the function of utilizing precipitation resources; the "geotextile covering + grouting reinforcement" technology can only partially inhibit the melting of permafrost, and the grouting process is easy to damage the structure of the surrounding soil.

[0007] In summary, existing conventional technologies generally suffer from problems such as limited thermal protection functions and insufficient engineering coordination. There is an urgent need for a multi-effect composite technology to enhance the stability of permafrost engineering foundations that can adapt to the high-altitude, low-temperature, and remote environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and simultaneously achieve "heat exchange blocking - shading and cooling evaporation and cold storage - maintaining engineering stability". Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention provides a device for enhancing the stability of a unidirectional hot water thermal control tower foundation, which overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art. It can effectively solve the problem that the existing technology of using geotextile covering and grouting reinforcement to enhance the stability of the tower foundation can only locally inhibit the melting of frozen soil and has a single protective function.

[0009] To address the aforementioned issues, the present invention provides a unidirectional hot water thermal control tower base stability enhancement device, comprising: a water storage and replenishment unit, a shading unit, and a thermal insulation and cold storage unit. The thermal insulation and cold storage unit is buried in the frozen soil around the bottom of the transmission line tower and extends above the ground surface. The surface of the thermal insulation and cold storage unit is in the shape of a drainage pattern with the inside higher than the outside. In winter, it is used to reduce the temperature of the frozen soil below and in the warm season, it is used to prevent the heat from the upper part from being transferred downward. The water storage and replenishment unit is located at the top of the overall structure. It is used to store the moisture transmitted by the tower materials of the upper transmission line tower and slowly transport the moisture to the shading unit. The shading unit is located above the thermal insulation and cold storage unit, and the end of the shading unit closest to the tower material of the transmission line is located below the water storage and replenishment unit. The other end of the shading unit is inclined downward relative to the water storage and replenishment unit, and is used to shade and cool the thermal insulation and cold storage unit, evaporative cooling, and ventilation cooling.

[0010] The above-mentioned thermal insulation and cold storage unit is provided with multiple layers spaced apart, and each layer of thermal insulation and cold storage unit includes a thermal insulation filling layer and a thermally conductive cold storage module; The thermal insulation filling layer includes a filling layer and air columns. The filling layer is buried inside the frozen soil layer below the ground surface, and multiple air columns are spaced apart inside the filling layer. The thermal conductivity and cold storage module includes a superconducting plate and a cold storage body. Multiple superconducting plates extending above the ground surface are spaced apart on the inner side of the filling layer. Each superconducting plate includes an upper heat dissipation section, a middle connecting section, and a lower heat absorption section. Both the upper heat dissipation section and the lower heat absorption section are nearly horizontal to the ground and are inclined. The upper heat dissipation section and the lower heat absorption section are connected by a vertically arranged middle connecting section, which is spaced apart between multiple air columns. Each superconducting plate is equipped with a cold storage body in its lower heat absorption section, and the cold storage body is located directly below the corresponding air column.

[0011] The aforementioned superconducting plates include Type I and Type II superconducting plates. Type I superconducting plates are relatively short in length and have a smaller coverage area and depth. Type II superconducting plates are relatively long in length and have a larger coverage area and depth. The upper heat dissipation sections of both Type I and Type II superconducting plates are above the Earth's surface and are located on the same horizontal plane. The lower heat absorption sections of both Type I and Type II superconducting plates are buried below the permafrost. The lower heat absorption section of Type II superconducting plates is buried at a greater depth below the permafrost than the lower heat absorption section of Type I superconducting plates. The aforementioned superconducting plate is a superconducting heat plate with a large number of micro-array small heat pipes arranged inside, and its thermal conductivity is 100 times that of copper.

[0012] The aforementioned cold storage body includes Type I phase change material and Type II phase change material. Multiple Type I phase change materials are provided inside the filling layer corresponding to the heat absorption section of the lower part of the Type I superconducting plate, and multiple Type II phase change materials are provided inside the filling layer corresponding to the heat absorption section of the lower part of the Type II superconducting plate. The Type I phase change material is a phase change material with a phase change temperature of 0~5℃; the Type II phase change material is a phase change material with a phase change temperature of -5℃~-10℃.

[0013] The aforementioned water storage and replenishment unit includes a water storage tank and a water supply pipe. The water storage tank is located at the bottom of the transmission line tower above the ground, and the water supply pipe is fixedly connected to the outside of the bottom of the water storage tank. The flow rate of the water supply pipe is very small, and the water stored in the water storage tank can meet the evaporation of the shading unit for about 10 days.

[0014] The aforementioned sunshade unit includes a first sunshade base plate, a first sunshade wing plate, and a water-absorbing and heat-dissipating layer. One end of the first sunshade base plate is located below the outlet of the water supply pipe, and the other end of the first sunshade base plate is inclined downward relative to the position of the water supply pipe. The first angle between the bottom end of the first sunshade base plate and the horizontal plane is 3°-10°. The water-absorbing and heat-dissipating layer is tightly attached to the upper part of the first sunshade base plate. Multiple first sunshade wing plates are spaced apart along the inclined direction above the water-absorbing and heat-dissipating layer. The inclined direction of the first sunshade wing plates is consistent with the inclined direction of the water-absorbing and heat-dissipating layer, and the second angle between the bottom end of the first sunshade wing plate and the horizontal plane is 30°-40°.

[0015] The aforementioned sunshade unit also includes a bracket, and the first sunshade wing is installed above the water-absorbing and heat-dissipating layer via the bracket, with a gap between the first sunshade wing and the water-absorbing and heat-dissipating layer.

[0016] The aforementioned sunshade unit includes a second sunshade base plate and a second sunshade wing plate. One end of the second sunshade base plate is located below the outlet of the water supply pipe, and the other end of the second sunshade base plate is inclined downward relative to the position of the water supply pipe. The third angle between the bottom of the second sunshade base plate and the horizontal plane is 3°-10°. Multiple fixed second sunshade wing plates are provided on the upper side of the second sunshade base plate along the inclined direction. The inclined direction of the second sunshade wing plates is opposite to the inclined direction of the second sunshade base plate, and the fourth angle between the bottom of the second sunshade wing plates and the horizontal plane is 3°-10°.

[0017] The filling material used in the above filling layer is concrete with added water-repellent material or adhesive mixture; the air column is an alternating cylindrical shape, made of plastic or other airtight material, and inflated on site to form a sealed cavity with a certain strength.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. Advanced overall structure and synergistic achievement of multiple objectives: Through the organic cooperation and synergistic linkage of each unit, this invention effectively eliminates the effects of water and heat in the original parts, and innovatively adopts a synergistic mechanism of shading and cooling, unidirectional heat conduction and cooling, and multi-level cooling, which achieves a good protective effect on the underlying frozen soil. Ultimately, it achieves the dual objectives of excellent cooling effect and improved stability of the frozen soil foundation. In terms of structural adaptability, the filling-type combined structure designed in this invention has high flexibility and can fully adapt to the complex working conditions of uneven terrain and drastic changes in landform, effectively solving the problem of insufficient adaptability of traditional structures to the construction environment.

[0019] 2. Advanced Material Utilization: This invention, through synergistic optimization of material properties, fully leverages the inherent advantages of each material to form a complementary and organic whole, effectively solving the technical bottleneck of insufficient adaptability of traditional materials in harsh environments. In terms of structural design, an innovative hollow structure system is adopted: on the one hand, it minimizes the amount of solid materials used, significantly reducing the consumption of main materials such as concrete; on the other hand, it utilizes the air insulation properties of the hollow structure, combined with the filling layer, to form a highly efficient thermal insulation barrier, providing dual protection for the long-term performance of the filling layer's insulation while ensuring the mechanical stability of the structural layer.

[0020] 3. Resolving the contradiction between environmental protection and economic efficiency: This invention is primarily applied in extremely remote areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Traditional insulation materials (such as foamed materials and hollow materials) require long-distance transportation, leading to excessively high application costs and making them difficult to use. This invention, through innovative on-site material combination and filling processes and modular structural design, achieves rapid local assembly of materials, significantly reducing reliance on the transportation of prefabricated components. Simultaneously, the use of a hollow structural system: on the one hand, minimizes the amount of solid materials such as concrete, significantly reducing the total project cost and achieving good environmental protection results; on the other hand, utilizing the air insulation effect of the hollow cavities, combined with the on-site filling layer, forms a highly efficient insulation structure, ensuring the thermal insulation performance required for permafrost protection while achieving environmental emission reduction goals.

[0021] 4. Resolving the contradiction between thermal insulation and stability: This invention addresses the specific thermal insulation needs of low-lying areas, effectively solving the core pain points of traditional solutions: conventional lightweight insulation materials are prone to floating and instability in low-lying areas due to moisture accumulation, and once moisture penetrates the material, it is highly susceptible to structural breakage and loss of insulation function under repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Therefore, an innovative composite design is adopted, combining a hollow, sealed space, a dense structure, and hydrophobic materials: gravitational stability is achieved through material density and structural weight, while hydrophobic properties reduce moisture adsorption; simultaneously, the hollow, sealed space blocks the water penetration path, and the drainage structure prevents water accumulation, fundamentally eliminating the risk of freeze-thaw damage. Ultimately, while ensuring excellent thermal insulation performance, the material achieves long-term structural stability in low-lying environments. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of the multi-layer thermal insulation and cold storage unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the cross section along the aa direction.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sunshade unit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the sunshade unit in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0028] In the diagram: 1-Water storage and replenishment unit, 2-Shading unit, 3-Insulation and cold storage unit, 4-Transmission line tower material, 5-Filling layer, 6-Air column, 7-Upper heat dissipation section, 8-Middle connecting section, 9-Lower heat absorption section, 10-Type I superconducting plate, 11-Type II superconducting plate, 12-Type I phase change material, 13-Type II phase change material, 14-Water storage tank, 15-Water pipe, 16-First shading base plate, 17-First shading wing plate, 18-Water absorption and heat dissipation layer, 19-First included angle, 20-Second included angle, 21-Second shading base plate, 22-Second shading wing plate, 23-Third included angle, 24-Fourth included angle. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and the specific implementation can be determined according to the technical solution of the present invention and the actual situation.

[0030] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings: Example 1: As Figures 1-5 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a stability enhancement device for a unidirectional hot water thermal control tower base, comprising: a water storage and replenishment unit 1, a shading unit 2, and a thermal insulation and cold storage unit 3; The thermal insulation and cold storage unit 3 is buried in the frozen soil around the bottom of the tower material 4 of the transmission line and extends above the ground surface. The surface of the thermal insulation and cold storage unit 3 is in the shape of a water-draining structure with the inside higher than the outside. In winter, it is used to reduce the temperature of the frozen soil below and in the warm season to prevent the heat from the upper part from being transferred downward. The water storage and replenishment unit 1 is used to store the moisture transmitted by the tower material 4 of the upper transmission line tower and slowly transport the moisture to the shading unit 2. The shading unit 2 is located above the heat insulation and cold storage unit 3, with a height of 20~50cm. The end of the shading unit 2 closest to the tower material 4 of the transmission line is located below the water storage and replenishment unit 1. The other end of the shading unit 2 is inclined downward relative to the water storage and replenishment unit 1, and is used to shade and cool the heat insulation and cold storage unit 3, evaporative cooling, and ventilation cooling.

[0031] The water storage and replenishment unit 1 is located at the top of the overall structure of the invention. It is mainly used to store the water transmitted from the tower material 4 of the upper power transmission line tower and replenish the stored water to the shading unit 2.

[0032] Among them, the heat insulation and cold storage unit 3 is set in the original low-lying location that needs to be treated. It is filled and formed into a hollow heat insulation and cold storage unit 3, which is 30-50cm higher than the original natural ground. The water-draining shape of the surface of the heat insulation and cold storage unit 3, which is higher inside and lower outside, can effectively drain water and collect the heat carried by the water.

[0033] The setting of the shading unit 2 ensures that the lower heat insulation and cold storage unit 3 is always in a relatively lower temperature environment, which makes it easier to better preserve the cold energy stored in the frozen soil below the heat insulation and cold storage unit 3.

[0034] like Figures 1-3 As shown, the thermal insulation and cold storage unit 3 is provided with multiple layers spaced apart vertically, and each layer of the thermal insulation and cold storage unit 3 includes a thermal insulation filling layer and a thermally conductive cold storage module. The thermal insulation filling layer includes a filling layer 5 and air columns 6. The filling layer 5 is buried inside the frozen soil layer below the ground surface, and multiple air columns 6 are spaced apart inside the filling layer 5. The thermal conductivity and cold storage module includes a superconducting plate and a cold storage body. Multiple superconducting plates extending above the ground surface are spaced apart on the inner side of the filling layer 5. Each superconducting plate includes an upper heat dissipation section 7, a middle connecting section 8, and a lower heat absorption section 9. Both the upper heat dissipation section 7 and the lower heat absorption section 9 are nearly horizontal to the ground and are inclined. The upper heat dissipation section 7 and the lower heat absorption section 9 are connected by a vertically arranged middle connecting section 8. The middle connecting section 8 is spaced apart between multiple air columns 6. Each lower heat absorption section 9 of the superconducting plate is equipped with a cold storage body, and the cold storage body is located directly below the corresponding air column 6.

[0035] Among them, the thermal insulation and cold storage unit 3 is mainly used for cooling and protecting the lower part from cold energy in the warm season, that is, to play the role of "thermal semiconductor". In winter, the thermal insulation and cold storage unit 3 works to reduce the temperature of the lower frozen soil. In the warm season, some of the thermal insulation and cold storage units 3 stop working, and the upper part is mainly insulated by the thermal insulation filling layer.

[0036] The filling material used in filling layer 5 is concrete with added water-repellent materials or adhesive mixtures; this can effectively prevent water from penetrating into the filling material, and can effectively prevent water from freezing inside and causing damage to the material structure due to frost heave, thus facilitating the maintenance of the long-term stability of the structure and achieving a better waterproof effect.

[0037] Among them, the air columns 6 are staggered cylindrical shapes, made of plastic or other airtight materials, and inflated on-site to form a sealed cavity with a certain strength. Through the extensive deployment of air columns 6 inside the heat insulation and cold storage unit 3, the space of the water body is effectively replaced in terms of volume. Due to the very low thermal conductivity of air (only 0.024 W / (m·K)) and the use of hollow staggered structure, the overall thermal conductivity of the filling layer 5 is very low, which plays the role of insulation material. Thus, this structural layer can effectively isolate and weaken the effect and influence of external heat on the underlying frozen soil, while further improving the overall cooling efficiency.

[0038] like Figures 2-3As shown, the superconducting plate includes a type I superconducting plate 10 and a type II superconducting plate 11. The type I superconducting plate 10 is a superconducting plate with a relatively short length and a small coverage area and depth; the type II superconducting plate 11 is a superconducting plate with a relatively long length and a larger coverage area and depth. The upper heat dissipation section 7 of the type I superconducting plate 10 and the upper heat dissipation section 7 of the type II superconducting plate 11 are both above the ground surface and are in the same horizontal plane. The lower heat absorption section 9 of the type I superconducting plate 10 and the lower heat absorption section 9 of the type II superconducting plate 11 are both buried below the permafrost, and the depth of the lower heat absorption section 9 of the type II superconducting plate 11 below the permafrost is greater than the depth of the lower heat absorption section 9 of the type I superconducting plate 10 below the permafrost. The cold storage body includes a type I phase change material 12 and a type II phase change material 13. Multiple type I phase change materials 12 are provided inside the filling layer 5 corresponding to the position of the lower heat absorption section 9 of the type I superconducting plate 10, and multiple type II phase change materials 13 are provided inside the filling layer 5 corresponding to the position of the lower heat absorption section 9 of the type II superconducting plate 11.

[0039] Among them, the superconducting plate is a superconducting heat plate with a large number of micro-array small heat pipes arranged inside, and its thermal conductivity is 100 times that of copper; the type I superconducting plate 10 is a superconducting plate with a relatively short length and a small coverage area and depth; the type II superconducting plate 11 is a superconducting plate with a relatively long length and a larger coverage area and depth.

[0040] The superconducting plate exhibits unidirectional thermal conductivity similar to a gravity-fed heat pipe. The internal gaseous working fluid condenses at the top, while the liquid working fluid flows back under gravity, thus creating a cycle. In winter or warmer seasons, when the outside temperature is lower than the bottom temperature of the insulation and cold storage unit 3, the superconducting plate automatically begins to conduct heat, rapidly releasing the heat from the bottom of the insulation and cold storage unit 3 to cool the underlying frozen soil, maximizing the accumulation of cold energy in the frozen soil during winter. During warmer seasons, the insulation and cold storage unit 3 remains essentially in a heat-insulating state, effectively preserving the accumulated cold energy.

[0041] In this invention, the Type I superconducting plate 10 and the Type I phase change material 12 constitute the primary cooling structure, while the Type II superconducting plate 11 and the Type II phase change material 13 constitute the secondary cooling structure. The primary cooling structure, located at the top, operates year-round, while the secondary cooling structure, located at the bottom, primarily operates during winter. This invention further enhances cooling efficiency through the dual-layer composite control of the Type I superconducting plate 10 and the Type II superconducting plate 11. During winter, both the primary and secondary cooling structures are operational, rapidly reducing the overall temperature. In warmer seasons, as the ambient temperature rises, the geological body also warms. Due to the drastic temperature fluctuations in the permafrost region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, ambient temperatures often fall below shallow ground temperatures at night. Under these conditions, the unidirectional superconducting plate of the primary cooling structure operates during the day and ceases operation during the day, maintaining an overall heat preservation state. This ensures that the primary cooling structure remains at a relatively low ground temperature, actively enhancing the protection of the secondary cooling structure's stored cold energy.

[0042] Among them, Type I phase change material 12 has a phase change temperature of 0~5℃; Type II phase change material 13 has a phase change temperature of -5℃ to -10℃. Due to the drastic temperature changes in permafrost regions, the superconducting plate mainly operates during the low-temperature nighttime hours. During these limited periods, the temperature of the superconducting plate is very low, but the thermal conductivity of the surrounding soil is slow, preventing the cold energy transferred by the superconducting plate from being absorbed by the permafrost in a timely manner, resulting in waste. The use of phase change materials can act as a buffer, accumulating most of the cold energy transferred at night within the phase change material before slowly and continuously transferring it to the surrounding permafrost. This achieves a cooling process that lasts approximately 24 hours, significantly improving the overall cooling efficiency and further enhancing the cooling capacity.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, the water storage and replenishment unit 1 includes a water storage tank 14 and a water supply pipe 15. The water storage tank 14 is installed at the bottom of the transmission line tower 4 above the ground. The water supply pipe 15 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the bottom of the water storage tank 14. The water supply pipe 15 is a pipe with a very small water flow rate. The water stored in the water storage tank 14 can meet the evaporation of the shading unit 2 for about 10 days. The water in the water storage tank 14 is replenished to the shading unit 2 through the water supply pipe 15.

[0044] like Figure 1 , 4As shown, the sunshade unit 2 includes a first sunshade base plate 16, a first sunshade wing plate 17, and a water-absorbing and heat-dissipating layer 18. One end of the first sunshade base plate 16 is located below the outlet of the water supply pipe 15, and the other end of the first sunshade base plate 16 is inclined downward relative to the position of the water supply pipe 15. The first angle 19 between the bottom end of the first sunshade base plate 16 and the horizontal plane is 3°-10°. The water-absorbing and heat-dissipating layer 18 is tightly attached to the upper part of the first sunshade base plate 16. Multiple first sunshade wing plates 17 are spaced apart along the inclined direction above the water-absorbing and heat-dissipating layer 18. The inclined direction of the first sunshade wing plates 17 is consistent with the inclined direction of the water-absorbing and heat-dissipating layer 18, and the second angle 20 between the bottom end of the first sunshade wing plate 17 and the horizontal plane is 30°-40°.

[0045] The water-absorbing and heat-dissipating layer 18 is mainly made of water-absorbing material, which is one or more combinations of woven fabrics. Its function is to further reduce the temperature of the first sunshade base plate 16 by absorbing the evaporation of water and consuming heat through evaporation.

[0046] As needed, the sunshade unit also includes a bracket. The first sunshade wing 17 is mounted above the water-absorbing and heat-dissipating layer 18 via the bracket, and a gap is provided between the first sunshade wing 17 and the water-absorbing and heat-dissipating layer 18. Thus, the first sunshade wing 17 is suspended 3-5 cm above the water-absorbing and heat-dissipating layer 18 by the bracket to facilitate airflow.

[0047] Example 2: As Figure 5 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a device for enhancing the stability of a unidirectional hot water control tower base. The shading unit 2 includes a second shading base plate 21 and a second shading wing plate 22. One end of the second shading base plate 21 is located below the outlet of the water supply pipe 15, and the other end of the second shading base plate 21 is inclined downward relative to the position of the water supply pipe 15. The third angle 23 between the bottom of the second shading base plate 21 and the horizontal plane is 3°-10°. Multiple second shading wing plates 22 are fixed at intervals along the inclined direction on the upper side of the second shading base plate 21. The inclined direction of the second shading wing plates 22 is opposite to the inclined direction of the second shading base plate 21. The fourth angle 24 between the bottom of the second shading wing plate 22 and the horizontal plane is 3°-10°.

[0048] The second sunshade wing 22 can not only block solar radiation, but also store water to form a heat dissipation water body (that is, store water at the angle between the second sunshade wing 22 and the second sunshade base plate 21 to form a heat dissipation water body). By evaporating the adsorbed water, the evaporation heat consumption further reduces the temperature of the second sunshade base plate 21.

[0049] Among them, the shading unit 2 mainly blocks and eliminates the heating effect of the target body caused by the high solar radiation during the day by shading and heat dissipation. Its working principle is mainly as follows: 1. Shading effect: the first shading base plate 16 / second shading base plate 21 blocks the irradiation and heating of solar radiation; 2. Ventilation and cooling effect: the first shading base plate 16 / second shading base plate 21 of the present invention is located at a certain height above the ground, and the sides and the upper part near the tower base are in an open state. Under the effect of the "chimney effect", the air under the first shading base plate 16 / second shading base plate 21 is in a good flow state. Since the air temperature is low, the flowing air can cool the first shading base plate 16 / second shading base plate 21 and the ground surface.

[0050] In practical use, the sunshade unit 2 can be selected as needed. The sunshade unit 2 can be selected individually from either Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2, or it can be used in combination with the sunshade units 2 in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2. The optimal selection is that the sunshade unit 2 in Embodiment 1 is located on the sunny side, and the sunshade unit 2 in Embodiment 2 is located on the shady side.

[0051] In summary, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: 1. Advanced overall structure and synergistic achievement of multiple objectives: Through the organic cooperation and coordinated linkage of various units, this invention effectively eliminates the effects of water and heat in the original parts, and innovatively adopts shading and cooling, unidirectional heat conduction and cooling, and multi-level cooling coordination to achieve good protection of the underlying frozen soil. Ultimately, it achieves the dual objectives of excellent cooling effect and improved stability of the frozen soil foundation. In terms of structural adaptability, the filling-type combined structure designed in this invention has high flexibility and can fully adapt to the complex working conditions of uneven terrain and drastic changes in landform, effectively solving the problem of insufficient adaptability of traditional structures to the construction environment.

[0052] 2. Advanced Material Utilization: This invention, through the synergistic optimization of material properties, fully leverages the inherent advantages of each material to form a complementary organic whole, effectively solving the technical bottleneck of insufficient adaptability of traditional materials in harsh environments. In terms of structural design, an innovative hollow structure system is adopted: on the one hand, it minimizes the amount of solid materials used, significantly reducing the consumption of main materials such as concrete; on the other hand, it utilizes the air insulation properties of the hollow structure, combined with the filling layer to form a highly efficient thermal insulation barrier, ensuring the mechanical stability of the structural layers while providing dual protection for the long-term thermal insulation performance of the filling layer.

[0053] 3. Resolving the contradiction between environmental protection and economic efficiency: This invention is primarily applied in extremely remote areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Traditional insulation materials (such as foamed materials and hollow materials) require long-distance transportation, leading to excessively high application costs and making them difficult to use. This invention, through innovative on-site material combination and filling processes and modular structural design, achieves rapid local assembly of materials, significantly reducing reliance on the transportation of prefabricated components. Simultaneously, the use of a hollow structural system: on the one hand, minimizes the amount of solid materials such as concrete, significantly reducing the total project cost and achieving good environmental protection results; on the other hand, utilizing the air insulation effect of the hollow cavity, combined with the on-site filling layer 5, forms a highly efficient insulation structure, ensuring the thermal insulation performance required for permafrost protection while achieving environmental protection and emission reduction goals.

[0054] 4. Resolving the contradiction between thermal insulation and stability: This invention addresses the specific thermal insulation needs of low-lying areas, effectively solving the core pain points of traditional solutions: conventional lightweight insulation materials are prone to floating and instability in low-lying areas due to moisture accumulation, and once moisture penetrates the material, it is highly susceptible to structural breakage and loss of insulation function under repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Therefore, an innovative composite design is adopted, combining a hollow, sealed space, a dense structure, and hydrophobic materials: gravitational stability is achieved through material density and structural weight, while hydrophobic properties reduce moisture adsorption; simultaneously, the hollow, sealed space blocks the water penetration path, and the drainage structure prevents water accumulation, fundamentally eliminating the risk of freeze-thaw damage. Ultimately, while ensuring excellent thermal insulation performance, the material achieves long-term structural stability in low-lying environments.

[0055] Example 3: This embodiment of the invention discloses a method for enhancing the stability of a unidirectional hot water thermal control tower base, comprising the following steps: In terms of water repellency and freeze-thaw protection: Firstly, in the original low-lying areas that need treatment, hollow heat-insulating and cold-storage units 3 are filled and formed, which are 30-50cm higher than the original natural ground surface. The surface of the heat-insulating and cold-storage unit 3 is made into a water-draining shape with the inside higher and the outside lower, which can effectively remove water and prevent the accumulation of heat carried by water. Secondly, air columns 6 and filling layers 5 are placed in the hollow heat-insulating and cold-storage units 3 for filling. The filling material used for the filling layer 5 is a dense and water-repellent material or a gel-mixed material, which can better prevent water from penetrating into the interior of the filling material. This can effectively prevent water from freezing inside and causing damage to the material structure due to frost heave, thereby maintaining the long-term stability of the structure. In terms of thermal insulation: the air columns 6 are extensively deployed inside the thermal insulation and cold storage unit 3, which not only effectively replaces the space of the water body in terms of volume; at the same time, the thermal conductivity of air is very low, only 0.024 W / (m·K), and the use of hollow staggered structure makes the overall thermal conductivity of the filling layer very low, playing the role of thermal insulation material; this structural layer can effectively isolate and weaken the effect and influence of external heat on the underlying frozen soil, while further improving the overall cooling efficiency; Regarding cold storage and cooling: Firstly, it achieves unidirectional heat conduction efficiency. In winter or warmer seasons, when the outside temperature is lower than the bottom temperature of the control layer, the superconductor begins to conduct heat, rapidly releasing heat from the bottom of the insulation and cold storage unit 3 to cool the lower permafrost, maximizing the accumulation of winter cold energy in the lower permafrost. In warmer seasons, the insulation and cold storage unit 3 is in a heat-insulating state, effectively preserving the accumulated cold energy. Secondly, the double-layered unidirectional heat conduction composite layer further enhances cooling efficiency. In winter, both the upper and lower insulation and cold storage units 3 are in operation, resulting in a rapid overall temperature reduction. In warmer seasons, as the ambient temperature rises, the geological body also warms up. Under the conditions of drastic temperature fluctuations in the permafrost region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, nighttime temperatures often experience... When the ambient temperature is lower than the temperature of the shallow soil, the upper unidirectional heat conductor begins to operate, while it remains in an insulating state during the day. This keeps the upper unidirectional heat conductor at a relatively low ground temperature, further enhancing the protection of the underlying permafrost from the accumulation of cold energy during winter. Furthermore, to improve cooling efficiency, the design of the phase change energy storage structure is crucial. Since the superconducting plate mainly operates during the low-temperature nighttime hours, and heat transfer in the soil is a slow conduction process, the cold energy transferred by the superconducting plate at night cannot be transferred to the surrounding permafrost in a timely manner, resulting in a decrease in conductivity. The use of phase change materials acts as a buffer, accumulating most of the cold energy transferred at night within the phase change material before slowly and continuously transferring it to the surrounding permafrost. This achieves a cooling process that lasts approximately 24 hours, significantly improving the overall cooling efficiency. In terms of shading and cooling: By selecting different shading units 2 as needed, the lower heat insulation and cold storage unit 3 is always in a relatively lower temperature environment, so that the cold energy stored in the frozen soil below the heat insulation and cold storage unit 3 can be better preserved.

Claims

1. A device for enhancing the stability of a unidirectional hot water thermal control tower base, characterized in that, include: Water storage and replenishment unit, shading unit, and heat insulation and cold storage unit; The thermal insulation and cold storage unit is buried in the frozen soil around the bottom of the transmission line tower and extends above the ground surface. The surface of the thermal insulation and cold storage unit is in the shape of a drainage pattern with the inside higher than the outside. In winter, it is used to reduce the temperature of the frozen soil below and in the warm season, it is used to prevent the heat from the upper part from being transferred downward. The water storage and replenishment unit is used to store the moisture transmitted by the tower materials of the upper transmission line tower and slowly transport the moisture to the shading unit; The shading unit is located above the thermal insulation and cold storage unit, and the end of the shading unit closest to the tower material of the transmission line is located below the water storage and replenishment unit. The other end of the shading unit is inclined downward relative to the water storage and replenishment unit, and is used to shade and cool the thermal insulation and cold storage unit, evaporative cooling, and ventilation cooling.

2. The device for enhancing the stability of a unidirectional hot water thermal control tower base according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal insulation and cold storage unit is provided with multiple layers spaced apart vertically, and each layer of the thermal insulation and cold storage unit includes a thermal insulation filling layer and a thermally conductive cold storage module. The thermal insulation filling layer includes a filling layer and air columns. The filling layer is buried inside the frozen soil layer below the ground surface, and multiple air columns are spaced apart inside the filling layer. The thermal conductivity and cold storage module includes a superconducting plate and a cold storage body. Multiple superconducting plates extending above the ground surface are spaced apart on the inner side of the filling layer. Each superconducting plate includes an upper heat dissipation section, a middle connecting section, and a lower heat absorption section. Both the upper heat dissipation section and the lower heat absorption section are nearly horizontal to the ground and are inclined. The upper heat dissipation section and the lower heat absorption section are connected by a vertically arranged middle connecting section, which is spaced apart between multiple air columns. Each superconducting plate is equipped with a cold storage body in its lower heat absorption section, and the cold storage body is located directly below the corresponding air column.

3. The device for enhancing the stability of a unidirectional hot water thermal control tower base according to claim 2, characterized in that, The superconducting plate includes a Type I superconducting plate and a Type II superconducting plate. The Type I superconducting plate is a relatively short superconducting plate with a smaller coverage area and depth. The Type II superconducting plate is a relatively long superconducting plate with a larger coverage area and depth. The upper heat dissipation section of both the Type I and Type II superconducting plates is above the ground surface and is located on the same horizontal plane. The lower heat absorption section of both the Type I and Type II superconducting plates is buried below the permafrost. The lower heat absorption section of the Type II superconducting plate is buried at a greater depth below the permafrost than the lower heat absorption section of the Type I superconducting plate. The cold storage body includes type I phase change material and type II phase change material. Multiple type I phase change materials are provided on the inner side of the filling layer corresponding to the lower heat absorption section of the type I superconducting plate, and multiple type II phase change materials are provided on the inner side of the filling layer corresponding to the lower heat absorption section of the type II superconducting plate.

4. A device for enhancing the stability of a unidirectional hot water thermal control tower base according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, The water storage and replenishment unit includes a water storage tank and a water supply pipe. The water storage tank is located at the bottom of the transmission line tower above the ground, and the water supply pipe is fixedly connected to the outside of the bottom of the water storage tank. The flow rate of the water supply pipe is very small, and the water stored in the water storage tank can meet the evaporation of the shading unit for about 10 days.

5. The device for enhancing the stability of a unidirectional hot water thermal control tower base according to claim 4, characterized in that, The shading unit includes a first shading base plate, a first shading wing plate, and a water-absorbing and heat-dissipating layer. One end of the first shading base plate is located below the outlet of the water supply pipe, and the other end of the first shading base plate is inclined downward relative to the position of the water supply pipe. The first angle between the bottom end of the first shading base plate and the horizontal plane is 3°-10°. The water-absorbing and heat-dissipating layer is tightly attached to the upper part of the first shading base plate. Multiple first shading wing plates are spaced apart above the water-absorbing and heat-dissipating layer along the inclined direction. The inclined direction of the first shading wing plates is consistent with the inclined direction of the water-absorbing and heat-dissipating layer, and the second angle between the bottom end of the first shading wing plate and the horizontal plane is 30°-40°.

6. The device for enhancing the stability of a unidirectional hot water thermal control tower base according to claim 5, characterized in that, The shading unit also includes a bracket, and the first shading wing is installed above the water-absorbing heat dissipation layer via the bracket, with a gap between the first shading wing and the water-absorbing heat dissipation layer.

7. The device for enhancing the stability of a unidirectional hot water thermal control tower base according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sunshade unit includes a second sunshade base plate and a second sunshade wing plate. One end of the second sunshade base plate is located below the outlet of the water supply pipe, and the other end of the second sunshade base plate is inclined downward relative to the position of the water supply pipe. The third angle between the bottom of the second sunshade base plate and the horizontal plane is 3°-10°. Multiple second sunshade wing plates are fixed at intervals along the inclined direction on the upper side of the second sunshade base plate. The inclined direction of the second sunshade wing plates is opposite to the inclined direction of the second sunshade base plate. The fourth angle between the bottom of the second sunshade wing plates and the horizontal plane is 3°-10°.

8. A device for enhancing the stability of a unidirectional hot water thermal control tower base according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The superconducting plate is a superconducting heat plate with a large number of micro-array small heat pipes arranged inside, and its thermal conductivity is 100 times that of copper.

9. The device for enhancing the stability of a unidirectional hot water thermal control tower base according to claim 8, characterized in that, The type I phase change material is a phase change material with a phase change temperature of 0~5℃; the type II phase change material is a phase change material with a phase change temperature of -5℃~-10℃.

10. The device for enhancing the stability of a unidirectional hot water thermal control tower base according to claim 8, characterized in that, The filling layer uses concrete with added water-repellent materials or adhesive mixtures as filling materials; the air columns are staggered cylindrical shapes, made of plastic or other airtight materials, and inflated on-site to form sealed cavities with a certain strength.

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