While-drilling multifunctional downhole risk handling tool and downhole risk handling method

Abstract

The tool comprises an outer pipe, a driving device is arranged in the side wall of the outer pipe, and an upper radial hole and a lower radial hole are formed in the side wall of the outer pipe; a switch sliding sleeve is arranged in the outer pipe, and an upper liquid passing hole and a lower liquid passing hole are formed in the switch sliding sleeve; an upper sealing pipe, a sealing ball and a lower sealing pipe are arranged in the outer pipe, the sealing ball is provided with a liquid passing channel, and the bottom end of the switch sliding sleeve is connected with the sealing ball through a transmission assembly. The driving device is connected with the switch sliding sleeve, and can drive the switch sliding sleeve to move upwards until the liquid passing hole is butted and communicated with the upper radial hole, and the liquid passing channel is kept in a completely open state; and the switch sliding sleeve can be driven to move upwards until the lower liquid passing hole is butted and communicated with the lower radial hole, and the sealing ball is driven to rotate until the liquid passing channel is in a closed state. The problems of leakage and collapse in the deep coal rock gas drilling process can be effectively solved, the non-production time is shortened, and the drilling effect is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of drilling, in particular to a multifunctional downhole risk disposal tool while drilling and a downhole risk processing method. BACKGROUND

[0002] As an important component of global energy, oil exploitation is complex and challenging. Drilling operation is a key link in oil exploration and development. With the development of global oil and gas resources to deep sea, deep layer and complex geological structure area, the drilling depth is increasing, the geological conditions are becoming more and more complex, and the downhole risk is also rising significantly. In the traditional drilling operation, the downhole risk disposal means is relatively single, and is mostly a post remedial measure, which is often difficult to intervene timely and effectively in the early stage of risk, resulting in frequent accidents, causing huge economic losses, and even endangering the life safety of the operation personnel, which seriously restricts the development of the oil drilling industry.

[0003] Borehole wall collapse is one of the common downhole complex conditions in oil drilling process, which seriously affects the drilling efficiency and safety. The formation of borehole wall collapse is mainly related to geological conditions, drilling fluid performance and drilling technology. In mudstone and shale formation, rock is easy to hydrate and swell. After being soaked in mud, free water permeation causes particle swelling and cracking, resulting in loss of stability, and then causing borehole wall peeling or collapse. For example, in the process of deep coal rock gas drilling, the long horizontal section target layer is deep, the coal rock weak plane and cleavage structure are developed, and the water-based drilling fluid is easy to cause coal rock and coal gangue hydration. The natural deficiency of water-based drilling fluid is easy to cause collapse and block, in 2024, 19 wells in a certain block were not completed due to borehole wall instability, accounting for 54.28%, and the loss of horizontal section was 3314 meters. In addition, the fault fracture zone will also reduce the stability of the well wall due to the effect of tectonic stress. The influence of borehole wall collapse on drilling construction is multifaceted, including continuous change of mud performance, mud circulation easy to block, drill bit unable to return to the bottom of the well, and stuck pipe caused by resistance during tripping.

[0004] In addition, well leakage is one of the important factors restricting safe drilling, and often causes huge losses due to complex leakage such as crack type and hole type. The complexity and unpredictability of leakage make it difficult to solve the problem of complex leakage formation, such as lack of special efficient materials and methods, low leakage prevention effect and one-time success rate of plugging, and inaccurate judgment or identification of leakage points or types.

[0005] For example, the existing patent CN111434880A discloses a leak plugging tool while drilling, and the patent CN105569609A discloses a by-pass valve while drilling, which can only realize the function of leak plugging, and cannot solve the problem of collapse in the drilling process, and the efficiency of leak plugging is low.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a multifunctional downhole risk disposal tool while drilling to solve the problems of leakage and collapse in deep coal rock gas drilling process, reduce non-productive time and improve drilling efficiency. SUMMARY

[0007] The present application aims to provide a multifunctional downhole risk disposal tool while drilling and a downhole risk processing method, which can effectively solve the problems of leakage and collapse in deep coal rock gas drilling process, reduce non-productive time and improve drilling efficiency.

[0008] The object of the present application can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0009] The present application provides a multifunctional downhole risk disposal tool while drilling, comprising an outer tube, a driving device arranged in the sidewall of the outer tube, an upper radial hole and a lower radial hole formed on the sidewall of the outer tube, a rotatable impeller arranged in the upper radial hole, and a nozzle arranged in the lower radial hole; an on-off sliding sleeve capable of sliding up and down is arranged in the outer tube, an upper fluid passage and a lower fluid passage are arranged on the on-off sliding sleeve; an upper sealing tube, a sealing ball and a lower sealing tube are sequentially arranged in the outer tube below the on-off sliding sleeve, the lower end of the upper sealing tube has a lower sealing surface, the upper end of the upper sealing tube has an upper sealing surface, the sealing ball has a fluid passage, and the sealing ball can be sealingly attached to the upper sealing surface and the lower sealing surface, the bottom end of the on-off sliding sleeve is connected to the sealing ball through a transmission assembly; in the initial state, the bottom end of the on-off sliding sleeve can abut against the top end of the upper sealing tube, and the fluid passage is in a fully open state; the driving device is connected to the on-off sliding sleeve and can drive the on-off sliding sleeve to move upward from the initial state to the upper fluid passage and the upper radial hole are in butt connection and communication, and the fluid passage remains in a fully open state; the on-off sliding sleeve can also be driven to move upward to the lower fluid passage and the lower radial hole are in butt connection and communication, and the sealing ball is rotated to the fluid passage in a closed state under the action of the transmission assembly.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the transmission assembly comprises two switch plates and two gears, the two switch plates are symmetrically arranged at the bottom end of the on-off sliding sleeve, the two gears are symmetrically arranged on the sealing ball, a long hole is formed on the switch plate, a rack of a predetermined length is arranged on one side of the hole wall of the long hole, and a predetermined interval is left between the upper end of the rack and the upper end of the long hole; the gears are inserted into the corresponding long holes in a relatively movable manner, and the gears are located in the region corresponding to the predetermined interval in the long hole when the on-off sliding sleeve is in the initial state; during the process of moving the on-off sliding sleeve upward from the initial state to the upper fluid passage and the upper radial hole in butt connection and communication, the gears move in the region of the long hole corresponding to the predetermined interval; during the process of moving the on-off sliding sleeve upward to the lower fluid passage and the lower radial hole in butt connection and communication, the gears can mesh with the rack to drive the sealing ball to rotate.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the outer wall of the lower end of the upper sealing tube is outwardly convex with two half ring bodies, two sockets are formed between the two half ring bodies, the upper limiting step and the lower limiting step are formed on the inner wall of the lower part of the outer tube in an upper and lower interval, and the upper end surface of the half ring body and the lower end surface of the lower sealing tube are respectively axially limited, and the two switch plates can move up and down and are arranged in the sockets.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the whole of the upper sealing tube, the sealing ball and the lower sealing tube can float up and down in the outer tube, the outer wall of the lower part of the lower sealing tube is outwardly convex with an upper spring seat ring, the bottom inner wall of the outer tube is formed with a lower spring seat ring, and the lower sealing tube is sleeved with a compensation spring, and the two ends of the compensation spring are respectively abutted between the upper spring seat ring and the lower spring seat ring.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, a centralizing pipe is further arranged in the outer tube, the centralizing pipe is sleeved outside the lower sealing tube, and the two ends of the centralizing pipe can be respectively abutted between the half ring body and the upper spring seat ring.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the upper spring seat ring is located above the lower limiting step, and the outer wall of the lower end of the lower sealing tube is in sealing contact with the step surface between the upper spring seat ring and the lower limiting step.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the outer tube comprises an upper tube body, a bypass pipe, a lower cylinder and a lower connecting pipe which are sequentially and sealingly connected from top to bottom, the driving device is arranged in the upper tube body, the upper radial hole and the lower radial hole are arranged on the bypass pipe, the switch sleeve is slidably arranged in the bypass pipe, the upper limiting step is formed on the bypass pipe, and the lower spring seat ring and the lower limiting step are formed on the lower connecting pipe.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the driving device comprises a motor, a gearbox, a lead screw, a conversion rod and a stretching rod which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the lower end of the stretching rod extends into the outer tube and is connected with the switch sleeve, the motor can drive the conversion rod to move axially through the cooperation of the lead screw and the conversion rod, and drive the switch sleeve to move axially through the stretching rod.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, a battery is further arranged in the side wall of the outer tube, and the battery is connected with the motor through the electric wire arranged in the side wall of the outer tube.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the outer tube comprises an upper connector, a power bin tube and a lower tube body connected in sequence from top to bottom, the inner wall of the upper connector is formed with an upper boss, a battery bin tube is further arranged in the upper connector, the two ends of the battery bin tube abut against the upper boss and the top end of the battery bin tube respectively, the outer wall of the battery bin tube is provided with a battery mounting groove, the outer side wall of the power bin tube is provided with a power mounting groove, the battery is mounted in a mounting cavity formed by the battery mounting groove and the inner wall of the upper connector, the driving device is mounted in the power mounting groove, and a cover plate is detachably and sealingly mounted at the slot opening of the power mounting groove.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, a signal sensing receiving device is further arranged in the top side wall of the outer tube, the signal sensing receiving device can receive a signal when a corresponding sensing capsule is put into the outer tube, and the driving device can drive the switch sleeve to move according to the signal received by the signal sensing receiving device.

[0020] The present application further provides a downhole risk treatment method, which adopts the above-mentioned multifunctional downhole risk treatment tool while drilling; the downhole risk treatment method comprises the following steps:

[0021] When the well wall needs to be stabilized and the spraying function needs to be turned on, the driving device is used to drive the switch sleeve to move upward to a state in which the upper liquid passage and the upper radial hole are in butt joint communication;

[0022] The spraying material is injected into the outer tube, enters the inner passage of the switch sleeve, enters the upper radial hole through the upper liquid passage, drives the impeller installed in the upper radial hole to rotate, and thus the rotation spraying of the well wall is realized;

[0023] When the formation leakage needs to be plugged, the driving device is used to drive the switch sleeve to move upward to a state in which the lower liquid passage and the lower radial hole are in butt joint communication, so that the liquid passage is in a closed state;

[0024] The plugging material is injected into the outer tube, enters the inner passage of the switch sleeve, enters the lower radial hole through the lower liquid passage, is sprayed out through the nozzle installed in the lower radial hole, and thus the formation plugging is realized.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, after the plugging function is completed, the downhole risk treatment method further comprises the following step: the driving device is used to drive the switch sleeve to move downward to the initial position.

[0026] From the above, the downhole risk treatment tool and the downhole risk treatment method provided by the present application, through cooperation of various components, according to the needs of different working conditions of drilling, the driving device can drive the switch sliding sleeve to move, so that the upper liquid passage and the upper radial hole are connected and communicated, and the rotation of the impeller realizes the rotation spraying to strengthen the well wall, or the lower liquid passage and the lower radial hole are connected and communicated, and the nozzle realizes the formation ground leakage; the transmission assembly can also be matched to make the sealing ball in the initial state and the well wall strengthening state be completely opened to realize the drilling operation, and in the plugging state, the sealing ball is closed. At the same time, the lower sealing surface of the upper sealing tube and the upper sealing surface of the lower sealing tube are matched with the sealing ball, the rotation of the sealing ball realizes the opening and closing of the liquid passage, the sealing effect is better in the plugging operation, the plugging efficiency is higher, and the reliability is better. Further, the leakage and collapse problems in the process of drilling deep coal rock gas are effectively solved, the non-production time is reduced, and the drilling effect is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] The following drawings are only intended to illustrate and explain the present application, and do not limit the scope of the present application.

[0028] Among them:

[0029] Figure 1 The structure schematic diagram of the downhole risk treatment tool provided by the present application.

[0030] Figure 2 The upper half part of the structure schematic diagram of the downhole risk treatment tool provided by the present application. Figure 1

[0031] The lower half part of the structure schematic diagram of the downhole risk treatment tool provided by the present application. Figure 3 Figure 1 The cross-sectional view of the downhole risk treatment tool provided by the present application.

[0032] Figure 4 Figure 3 The perspective view of the switch sliding sleeve provided by the present application.

[0033] Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the switch plate and the sealing ball provided by the present application.

[0034] Figure 6 The perspective view of the bypass pipe, the upper sealing tube and the centralizing pipe provided by the present application.

[0035] Figure 7 The cross-sectional view of the bypass pipe, the upper sealing tube and the centralizing pipe provided by the present application.

[0036] Figure 8 The perspective view of the upper sealing tube provided by the present application.

[0037] Figure 9 The perspective view of the upper sealing tube provided by the present application.

[0038] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS:​​

[0039] 1, outer tube; 11, upper connector; 111, upper boss; 12, signal connector; 121, mounting groove; 13, battery compartment tube; 131, battery mounting groove; 14, power compartment tube; 141, power mounting groove; 142, cover plate; 143, upper perforation; 144, lower perforation; 15, bypass tube; 151, upper radial hole; 152, impeller; 153, lower radial hole; 154, nozzle; 155, upper limiting step; 156, sliding sleeve limiting step; 16, lower cylinder; 17, lower connector; 171, lower limiting step; 172, lower spring seat ring;

[0040] 2, battery; 21, wire;

[0041] 3, drive device; 31, motor; 32, gearbox; 33, lead screw; 34, conversion rod; 341, axial mounting hole; 35, stretching rod;

[0042] 4, switch sliding sleeve; 41, upper liquid passage; 42, lower liquid passage; 43, inner passage; 44, protrusion; 45, flange;

[0043] 51, upper sealing tube; 511, half ring body; 512, socket; 52, sealing ball; 521, liquid passage; 522, gear; 53, lower sealing tube; 531, upper spring seat ring; 532, compensation piston tube;

[0044] 6, switch plate; 61, long strip hole; 62, rack; 63, connecting pin;

[0045] 7, compensation spring;

[0046] 8, centralizing tube; 81, protruding ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives and effects of the present application, the specific embodiments of the present application will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] As Figures 1 to 9 shown, the present application provides a multifunctional downhole risk disposal tool while drilling, which comprises an outer tube 1, a drive device 3 arranged in the side wall of the outer tube 1, an upper radial hole 151 and a lower radial hole 153 formed on the side wall of the outer tube 1, a rotatable impeller 152 arranged in the upper radial hole 151, and a nozzle 154 arranged in the lower radial hole 153.

[0049] A switch sleeve 4, which can slide vertically and vertically in a sealed manner, is provided inside the outer tube 1. The switch sleeve 4 is provided with an upper liquid passage hole 41 and a lower liquid passage hole 42. Inside the outer tube 1 and below the switch sleeve 4, an upper sealing tube 51, a sealing ball 52, and a lower sealing tube 53 are arranged in sequence. The lower end of the upper sealing tube 51 has a lower sealing surface, and the upper end of the upper sealing tube 51 has an upper sealing surface. The sealing ball 52 has a liquid passage channel 521 and can seal and fit with the upper sealing surface and the lower sealing surface. The bottom end of the switch sleeve 4 is connected to the sealing ball 52 through a transmission assembly. In the initial state, the bottom end of the switch sleeve 4 can abut against the top end of the upper sealing tube 51, and the liquid passage 521 is in a fully open state (that is, the liquid passage 521 is fully connected to the inner channel 43 of the switch sleeve 4, the liquid passage 521 is coaxial with the switch sleeve 4, and the sealing ball 52 is in a fully open state); the drive device 3 is connected to the switch sleeve 4 and can drive the switch sleeve 4 to move upward from the initial state until the upper liquid passage hole 41 is connected to the upper radial hole 151, and the liquid passage 521 remains fully open; it can also drive the switch sleeve 4 to move upward until the lower liquid passage hole 42 is connected to the lower radial hole 153, and under the action of the transmission component, it drives the sealing ball 52 to rotate until the liquid passage 521 is in a closed state (that is, the axis of the liquid passage 521 is perpendicular to the switch sleeve 4, the sealing ball 52 blocks the lower end of the lower sealing tube 53, and the sealing ball 52 is in a closed state).

[0050] In use, this tool is connected in series at any position on the downhole drill string. It can perform wellbore reinforcement, leak sealing, and drilling recovery functions. In its initial state, the tool... Figure 1 As shown, the switch sleeve 4 is at its lowest point, with the lower end of the switch sleeve 4 abutting against the upper end of the upper sealing tube 51. The upper liquid passage hole 41 and the upper radial hole 151 are misaligned and not connected, and the lower liquid passage hole 42 and the lower radial hole 153 are misaligned and not connected. At this time, the upper liquid passage hole 41 is located between the upper radial hole 151 and the lower radial hole 153, and the lower liquid passage hole 42 is located below the lower radial hole 153. In addition, in the initial state, the liquid passage channel 521 of the sealing ball 52 is coaxially distributed with the inner channel 43 of the switch sleeve 4, and the sealing ball 52 is in a fully open state.

[0051] The switch sleeve 4 is a cylindrical structure open at both ends, and the inner hole formed by its inner wall constitutes its inner channel 43. The fluid passage 521 of the sealing ball 52 is an axial channel that runs along one of the diameters of the sealing ball 52 and penetrates through the sealing ball 52. The sealing ball 52 can be, for example, a steel ball. During normal drilling operations, the tool is in its initial state. After the drilling fluid enters the outer tube 1, it flows sequentially through the inner channel 43 of the switch sleeve 4, the upper sealing tube 51, the fluid passage 521 of the sealing ball 52, and the lower sealing tube 53 into the bottom of the downhole drilling string, driving the drill bit to rotate and perform the corresponding drilling operations.

[0052] When the wellbore instability occurs and the spraying function needs to be turned on, the driving device 3 is used to drive the switch sleeve 4 to move upward to the state of being connected and communicated with the upper radial hole 151 through the upper liquid passage 41. At this time, the lower liquid passage 42 is still below the lower radial hole 153 and is misaligned and not communicated with the lower radial hole 153, and the sealing ball 52 is still in the fully open state. The spraying material enters the inner passage 43 of the switch sleeve 4 after entering the outer pipe 1, enters the upper radial hole 151 through the upper liquid passage 41, drives the impeller 152 installed in the upper radial hole 151 to rotate, thereby realizing the rotation spraying of the wellbore and improving the stability of the wellbore. At the same time, the spraying material flows into the bottom of the drill string pipe column through the drill bit after sequentially passing through the upper sealing pipe 51, the liquid passage 521 of the sealing ball 52 and the lower sealing pipe 53, and drives the drill bit to rotate, thereby performing the corresponding drilling operation. That is, when the wellbore instability needs to be sprayed on the wellbore, the drilling operation is not affected, and the drilling operation and the wellbore spraying are performed at the same time.

[0053] When the formation leakage occurs and the plugging function needs to be turned on, the driving device 3 is used to drive the switch sleeve 4 to move upward to the state of being connected and communicated with the lower radial hole 153 through the lower liquid passage 42. At this time, the upper liquid passage 41 is above the upper radial hole 151 and is misaligned and not communicated with the upper radial hole 151, and under the action of the transmission assembly, the sealing ball 52 rotates to the misaligned state of the liquid passage 521 and the inner passage 43, the side wall of the sealing ball 52 blocks the lower end of the lower sealing pipe 53, and the sealing ball 52 is in the closed state. The plugging material enters the inner passage 43 of the switch sleeve 4 after entering the outer pipe 1, enters the lower radial hole 153 through the lower liquid passage 42, and is sprayed out through the nozzle 154 installed in the lower radial hole 153, thereby realizing the formation plugging. During this process, the sealing ball 52 is in the closed state, and the drilling operation is stopped.

[0054] When the plugging function is completed and the drilling function needs to be restored, the driving device 3 is used to drive the switch sleeve 4 to move downward to the initial position, and under the action of the transmission assembly, the sealing ball 52 will rotate again to the state of being coaxial with the inner passage 43, so that the sealing ball 52 is in the fully open state, and the drilling operation can continue.

[0055] Thus, the multifunctional while-drilling downhole risk disposal tool of the application, through cooperation of various components, according to the needs of different drilling conditions, can drive the switch sliding sleeve 4 to move by the driving device 3, so as to make the upper liquid passage hole 41 and the upper radial hole 151 butt joint and communicate, and realize the rotation spraying and strengthening of the well wall by the rotation of the impeller 152, or make the lower liquid passage hole 42 and the lower radial hole 153 butt joint and communicate, and realize the formation ground leakage by the nozzle 154. Further, the sealing ball 52 can be completely opened in the initial state and the well wall strengthening state to realize the drilling operation, and closed in the plugging state. At the same time, the sealing ball 52 is sealed with the lower sealing surface of the upper sealing tube 51 and the upper sealing surface of the lower sealing tube 53, and the opening and closing of the liquid passage 521 is realized by the rotation of the sealing ball 52, so that the sealing effect is better, the plugging efficiency is higher, and the reliability is better. Further, the leakage and collapse problems in the process of drilling deep coal rock gas are effectively solved, the non-production time is reduced, and the drilling effect is improved.

[0056] Further, in order to facilitate the rotation of the sealing ball 52 by the transmission assembly when the switch sliding sleeve 4 moves, referring to Figure 3 、 Figure 5 and Figure 6 , the transmission assembly includes two switch plates 6 and two gears 522, the two switch plates 6 are symmetrically arranged at the bottom end of the switch sliding sleeve 4, and the two gears 522 are symmetrically arranged on the sealing ball 52. A long strip-shaped hole 61 is formed in the switch plate 6, a preset length of a gear rack 62 is arranged on one side of the hole wall of the long strip-shaped hole 61, and a preset interval is left between the upper end of the gear rack 62 and the upper end of the long strip-shaped hole 61. The gear 522 is inserted into the corresponding long strip-shaped hole 61 and can move relatively, the gear 522 is located in the region corresponding to the preset interval in the long strip-shaped hole 61 when the switch sliding sleeve 4 is in the initial state, the gear 522 moves in the region of the long strip-shaped hole 61 corresponding to the preset interval when the switch sliding sleeve 4 moves upward from the initial state to the state that the upper liquid passage hole 41 is in butt joint communication with the upper radial hole 151, and the gear 522 can mesh with the gear rack 62 to drive the sealing ball 52 to rotate when the switch sliding sleeve 4 moves upward to the state that the lower liquid passage hole 42 is in butt joint communication with the lower radial hole 153.

[0057] Specifically, the two gears 522 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the liquid passage 521, generally a tangent plane can be arranged on the sealing ball 52 and located on both sides of the liquid passage 521, the gear 522 is fixed on the corresponding tangent plane, and the axial direction of the gear 522 is perpendicular to the tangent plane. The upper end of the switch plate 6 can be fixed with the bottom end of the switch sliding sleeve 4 by the connecting pin 63, and generally two protrusions 44 can be symmetrically protruded on the outer wall of the bottom end of the switch sliding sleeve 4, and the switch plate 6 is connected with the corresponding protrusion 44 by the connecting pin 63.

[0058] The switch plate 6 is a flat plate structure, for example, a rectangular plate can be used, the long strip-shaped hole 61 can be a rectangular hole, the length direction of the switch plate 6 and the long strip-shaped hole 61 are parallel to the axial direction of the outer tube 1; the gear 522 can slide relative to the long strip-shaped hole 61 in the long strip-shaped hole 61. In the initial state, the gear 522 is located in the region of the long strip-shaped hole 61 corresponding to the interval region and close to the upper end of the long strip-shaped hole 61; when the switch sleeve 4 is moved upward from the initial state to the upper through liquid hole 41 is connected with the upper radial hole 151, the gear 522 is still located in the region of the long strip-shaped hole 61 corresponding to the interval region, and does not mesh with the rack 62 to drive, the sealing ball 52 does not rotate, and still maintains the fully open state; during the process that the switch sleeve 4 is moved upward to the lower through liquid hole 42 is connected with the lower radial hole 153, the gear 522 meshes with the rack 62 to drive, so that the sealing ball 52 rotates, when the lower through liquid hole 42 is connected with the lower radial hole 153, the sealing ball 52 rotates to the closed state; when the switch sleeve 4 is moved upward to the initial state again, the gear 522 will mesh with the rack 62 again, so that the gear 522 rotates again to be in the fully open state. Further, by moving the switch sleeve 4 up and down, the sealing ball 52 can be driven by the transmission assembly to realize the closing and opening of the through liquid passage 521, realize the opening and closing of the sealing ball 52, and have the repeated switching function.

[0059] Of course, according to the needs, the transmission assembly can also use other transmission structures, and the embodiment is only for illustration.

[0060] Further, the upper part of the switch plate 6 is located between the upper sealing tube 51 and the outer tube 1, the lower part of the switch plate 6 is located between the lower sealing tube 53 and the outer tube 1, the upper sealing tube 51, the sealing ball 52 and the lower sealing tube 53 are axially limitedly installed in the outer tube 1, in order to facilitate the axial limitation of the upper sealing tube 51, the sealing ball 52 and the lower sealing tube 53 as a whole, and facilitate the installation of the switch plate 6, for example, the following can be achieved:

[0061] Referring to Figure 3 and Figures 7 to 9 the lower end outer wall of the upper sealing tube 51 is outwardly convexly provided with two half ring bodies 511, two sockets 512 are formed between the two half ring bodies 511, the upper limiting step 155 and the lower limiting step 171 are formed on the inner wall of the lower part of the outer tube 1, and the upper end surface of the half ring body 511 and the lower end surface of the lower sealing tube 53 are axially limited, respectively, and the two switch plates 6 can move up and down and are provided in the sockets 512.

[0062] Further, in order to further ensure the sealing between the sealing ball 52 and the upper and lower sealing surfaces, and to ensure the smooth rotation of the sealing ball 52, the upper sealing tube 51, the sealing ball 52 and the lower sealing tube 53 can elastically float up and down in the outer tube 1. The outer wall of the lower part of the lower sealing tube 53 is outwardly convex to form an upper spring seat ring 531. The inner wall of the bottom of the outer tube 1 forms a lower spring seat ring 172. The lower sealing tube 53 is sleeved with a compensation spring 7. The two ends of the compensation spring 7 are respectively abutted between the upper spring seat ring 531 and the lower spring seat ring 172.

[0063] The upper and lower sealing surfaces described above should be circular arc sealing surfaces to form a seal with the sealing ball 52. The upper spring seat ring 531 is a convex ring structure formed on the outer wall of the lower sealing tube 53. The compensation spring 7 is a compression spring. In the initial state, under the elastic force of the compensation spring 7, the lower sealing surface of the lower sealing tube 53 can be tightly attached to the sealing ball 52, and the lower sealing surface of the upper sealing tube 51 can also be tightly attached to the sealing ball 52 to form a reliable seal. At this time, the length between the bottom surface of the upper spring seat ring 531 and the bottom end of the lower sealing tube 53 should be slightly smaller than the interval between the bottom surface of the lower spring seat ring 172 and the lower limiting step 171, and the difference is generally less than 1 mm, so that the whole of the upper sealing tube 51, the sealing ball 52 and the lower sealing tube 53 can have axial floating, facilitating the smooth rotation of the sealing ball 52.

[0064] When the switch sleeve 4 moves to the lower liquid passage hole 42 and the lower radial hole 153 are connected and communicated, the sealing ball 52 is in a closed state. During the plugging operation, due to the pressure at the bottom of the well, the formation pressure is less than the plugging liquid pressure, the upward force of the formation pressure on the sealing ball 52 is less than the downward force of the plugging liquid on the sealing ball 52, so that the sealing ball 52 has the possibility of moving downward and separating from the upper sealing surface. In this embodiment, on the one hand, the lower sealing tube 53 is pushed upward under the elastic force of the compensation spring 7, and on the other hand, the formation pressure also acts on the lower end surface of the lower sealing tube 53 to push the lower sealing tube 53 upward. In turn, through the cooperation of the compensation spring 7 and the lower sealing tube 53, pressure compensation can be achieved to ensure that the upper and lower sealing surfaces and the sealing ball 52 still maintain sealing during the rotation of the sealing ball 52 and the plugging operation, which is more helpful to improve the plugging efficiency.

[0065] Further, in order to ensure the stability of the structure, a centralizing tube 8 is further arranged in the outer tube 1. The centralizing tube 8 is sleeved outside the lower sealing tube 53, and the two ends of the centralizing tube 8 can be respectively abutted between the half ring body 511 and the upper spring seat ring 531.

[0066] In the initial state, the upper end face of the half ring body 511 abuts against the upper limiting step 155, the upper end of the centralizing pipe 8 abuts against the lower end face of the half ring body 511, the lower end of the centralizing pipe 8 abuts against the top face of the upper spring seat ring 531, and the lower part of the switch plate 6 is located between the lower sealing pipe 53 and the centralizing pipe 8. Generally, the inner wall of the lower end of the centralizing pipe 8 is outwardly convexly provided with an annular convex ring 81, and in the initial state, the bottom end of the switch plate 6 can abut against the convex ring 81.

[0067] Further, the upper spring seat ring 531 is located above the lower limiting step 171, and the lower end outer wall of the lower sealing pipe 53 is in sealing contact with the step face between the upper spring seat ring 531 and the lower limiting step 171, so that in the plugging operation, the formation pressure can more effectively act on the lower end face of the lower sealing pipe 53, the acting area is increased, the pressure of the plugging fluid is better balanced, and the sealing performance of the sealing ball 52 and the upper and lower sealing faces is improved.

[0068] In an optional example, the lower sealing pipe 53 is an integrally formed pipe body, and a sealing ring is embedded in the annular groove of the lower end outer wall of the lower sealing pipe 53 to ensure sealing with the step face. In another optional example, the lower sealing pipe 53 comprises an upper and lower sealing main pipe and a compensation piston pipe 532, the lower sealing face and the upper spring seat ring 531 are formed on the sealing main pipe, the lower end of the sealing main pipe is downwardly formed into a stepped pipe with a reduced outer diameter, the upper part of the compensation piston pipe 532 is upwardly formed into a stepped hole with an enlarged inner diameter, the stepped pipe is inserted into the stepped hole, and the lower end of the stepped pipe can abut against the hole shoulder of the stepped hole. A sealing ring is clamped between the stepped hole wall of the compensation piston and the outer wall of the stepped pipe (the sealing ring can be embedded in the inner wall annular groove of the compensation piston), and a sealing ring is clamped between the outer wall of the compensation piston pipe 532 and the step face between the upper spring seat ring 531 and the lower limiting step 171 (the sealing ring is embedded in the outer wall annular groove of the compensation piston), to ensure sealing.

[0069] Further, a sealing ring is embedded in the outer wall of the upper sealing pipe 51 and above the half ring body 511, the outer periphery of the sealing ring protrudes from the outer wall of the sealing pipe and is in sealing contact with the inner wall of the outer pipe 1 (specifically, the lower end inner wall of the bypass pipe 15 described below), to seal the space between the upper sealing pipe 51 and the outer pipe 1, so as to prevent liquid from entering the long strip-shaped hole 61 of the switch plate 6 and causing the impurities in the liquid to affect the movement of the switch plate 6. Since the switch plate 6 is a flat plate, in this example, the outer wall of the sealing ring can be symmetrically provided with two tangent planes, and the tangent planes are in sealing sliding contact with the switch plate 6.

[0070] Further optional, in order to facilitate processing and installation, the outer tube 1 comprises upper tube body, bypass pipe 15, lower cylinder body 16 and lower connecting pipe 17 connected in sequence from top to bottom, the driving device 3 is arranged in the upper tube body, the upper radial hole 151 and the lower radial hole 153 are arranged on the bypass pipe 15, the switch sleeve 4 is slidably arranged in the bypass pipe 15, the upper limiting step 155 is formed on the bypass pipe 15, and the lower spring seat ring 172 and the lower limiting step 171 are formed on the lower connecting pipe 17.

[0071] Specifically, the lower end outer wall of the upper tube body is threadedly connected with the upper end inner wall of the bypass pipe 15, the lower end outer wall of the bypass pipe 15 is threadedly connected with the upper end inner wall of the lower cylinder body 16, and the lower end inner wall of the lower cylinder body 16 is threadedly connected with the upper end outer wall of the lower connecting pipe 17. The number of the upper radial hole 151 is at least one, and the number of the lower radial hole 153 is at least one; when the number of the upper radial hole 151 is multiple, the multiple upper radial holes 151 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the outer tube 1; when the number of the lower radial hole 153 is multiple, the multiple lower radial holes 153 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the outer tube 1; the shape of the upper radial hole 151 and the lower radial hole 153 can be circular, square or irregular, and a rotatable impeller 152 is arranged in each upper radial hole 151, which can rotate under the action of the spraying material to realize rotary spraying, so that the spraying material forms a mist and is uniformly sprayed on the well wall; a nozzle 154 is arranged in each lower radial hole 153 to spray out the plugging material to realize plugging, and the nozzle 154 is more wear-resistant.

[0072] The number of the upper liquid passage 41 is also at least one, and the number of the lower liquid passage 42 is at least one; when the number of the upper liquid passage 41 is multiple, the multiple upper liquid passages 41 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the switch sleeve 4; when the number of the lower liquid passage 42 is multiple, the multiple lower liquid passages 42 are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the switch sleeve 4; the shape of the upper liquid passage 41 and the lower liquid passage 42 can be circular, square or irregular; the upper liquid passage 41 is used to realize the spraying function when being connected and communicated with the upper radial hole 151, and the lower liquid passage 42 is used to realize the plugging function when being connected and communicated with the lower radial hole 153.

[0073] It can be understood that the first upper sealing ring and the first lower sealing ring are embedded on the outer side wall of the switch sleeve 4 above and below the upper liquid passage 41, so as to ensure that the outer tube 1 and the switch sleeve 4 are in a sealed contact state above and below the upper radial hole 151 when the upper radial hole 151 is connected and communicated, and ensure that the spraying material can be smoothly sprayed out of the upper radial hole 151. Similarly, the second upper sealing ring and the second lower sealing ring are embedded on the outer side wall of the switch sleeve 4 above and below the lower liquid passage 42, so as to ensure that the outer tube 1 and the switch sleeve 4 are in a sealed contact state above and below the lower radial hole 153 when the lower radial hole 153 is connected and communicated, and ensure that the plugging material can be smoothly sprayed out of the lower radial hole 153. The top sealing ring is also embedded on the outer wall of the upper end of the switch sleeve 4, so as to ensure the sealed contact between the upper end of the switch sleeve 4 and the outer tube 1.

[0074] The lower end face of the bypass pipe 15 constitutes the upper limiting step 155, the upper end face of the lower connecting pipe 17 constitutes the lower spring seat ring 172, the upper inner wall of the lower connecting pipe 17 forms a stepped hole with a diameter increasing upward, the hole shoulder of the stepped hole constitutes the lower limiting step 171, and a sealing ring is clamped between the lower end outer wall of the lower sealing pipe 53 (specifically, the compensation piston pipe 532) and the hole wall of the stepped hole. The upper part of the switch plate 6 is clamped between the lower part of the bypass pipe 15 and the upper sealing pipe 51, the lower part of the switch plate 6 is clamped between the centralizing pipe 8 and the lower sealing pipe 53, and the centralizing pipe 8 is located in the lower cylinder 16.

[0075] As an option, a sleeve limiting step 156 is also provided on the inner wall of the outer tube 1 above the switch plate 6, specifically on the lower inner wall of the bypass pipe 15, which can limit the upper limit position of the switch sleeve 4 and the switch plate 6. In the initial state, there is a gap between the protrusion 44 of the switch sleeve 4 and the sleeve limiting step 156, and the protrusion 44 is flush with the upper end of the switch plate 6, at this time, there is also a gap between the upper end of the switch plate 6 and the sleeve limiting step 156.

[0076] Further optionally, referring to Figure 2 The driving device 3 includes a motor 31, a gearbox 32, a lead screw 33, a conversion rod 34 and a stretching rod 35 connected in sequence from top to bottom, the lower end of the stretching rod 35 extends into the outer tube 1 and is connected with the switch sleeve 4, the motor 31 can drive the conversion rod 34 to move axially through the cooperation of the lead screw 33 and the conversion rod 34, and drive the switch sleeve 4 to move axially through the stretching rod 35.

[0077] In order to supply power to the motor 31, a battery 2 is also provided in the side wall of the outer tube 1, and the battery 2 is connected with the motor 31 through the wire 21 passing through the side wall of the outer tube 1.

[0078] Specifically, the upper end of the motor 31 is connected with the battery 2 through the wire 21 and realizes power supply, the lower end of the motor 31 is connected with the gearbox 32 through speed conversion and realizes force increase, the lower end of the gearbox 32 is connected with the lead screw 33, the lower end of the lead screw 33 is connected with the conversion rod 34, so that the rotation operation is converted into axial movement, so that the switch sliding sleeve 4 is driven to move through the stretching rod 35, and different functions are realized. The conversion rod 34 is used for converting the rotary motion of the lead screw 33 into axial linear motion, the upper center of the conversion rod 34 is provided with an axial mounting hole 341 which is communicated with the top surface thereof, the top end of the axial mounting hole 341 is open and the bottom end is closed, the lower part of the lead screw 33 is slidably inserted into the axial mounting hole 341, the inner wall of the top end of the axial mounting hole 341 is provided with an internal thread, and the lead screw 33 is rotatably connected with the internal thread; the lower end center of the conversion rod 34 is fixedly connected with the stretching rod 35. The top side wall of the switch sliding sleeve 4 can be provided with an outwardly protruding annular flange 45, and the lower end of the stretching rod 35 is fixedly connected with the flange 45. The conversion rod 34 is circumferentially limitedly installed in the outer tube 1 and cannot rotate circumferentially, therefore, when the motor 31 drives the lead screw 33 to rotate, the conversion rod 34 moves axially up and down, and then drives the switch sliding sleeve 4 to move through the stretching rod 35.

[0079] Further, in order to facilitate processing and installation, the outer tube 1 includes an upper connecting pipe 11, a power compartment pipe 14 and a lower pipe body which are sequentially and sealingly connected from top to bottom, the inner wall of the upper connecting pipe 11 is formed with an upper boss 111 (annular structure), the battery compartment pipe 13 is further arranged in the upper connecting pipe 11, the two ends of the battery compartment pipe 13 are respectively abutted against the upper boss 111 and the top end of the battery compartment pipe 13, the outer wall of the battery compartment pipe 13 is provided with a battery mounting groove 131, the outer side wall of the power compartment pipe 14 is provided with a power mounting groove 141, the battery 2 is mounted in the mounting cavity formed by the battery mounting groove 131 and the inner wall of the upper connecting pipe 11, and the driving device 3 is mounted in the power mounting groove 141 and is sealingly mounted with a cover plate 142 at the groove opening of the power mounting groove 141.

[0080] The bypass pipe 15, the lower cylinder 16 and the lower connecting pipe 17 constitute the lower pipe body as mentioned above. The lower end inner wall of the upper connecting pipe 11 is threadedly and sealingly connected with the upper end outer wall of the power bin pipe 14, and the lower end outer wall of the power bin pipe 14 is threadedly and sealingly connected with the upper end inner wall of the bypass pipe 15. The battery 2, the electric wire 21, the motor 31, the gearbox 32, the conversion rod 34, the stretching rod 35, the power installation groove 141 and the battery installation groove 131 are equal in number, which can be one or more. When the power installation groove 141 and the battery installation groove 131 are both multiple, the multiple power installation grooves 141 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the power bin pipe 14, and the multiple battery installation grooves 131 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the battery bin pipe 13. At least one upper through hole 143 is formed in the upper side wall of the power bin pipe 14 to communicate the battery installation groove 131 and the power installation groove 141, so that the electric wire 21 can pass through and be connected with the motor 31. At least one lower through hole 144 is formed in the lower side wall of the power bin pipe 14 to communicate the power installation groove 141 and the bottom surface thereof, so that the stretching rod 35 can pass through and be connected with the switch sliding sleeve 4.

[0081] Generally, a sealing ring is embedded in the upper end outer wall of the battery bin pipe 13 to sealingly contact with the inner wall of the upper connecting pipe 11. A stepped hole with an increased inner diameter is formed in the lower end inner wall of the battery bin pipe 13 downwardly, and the upper end of the battery bin pipe 13 extends upwardly to form an extension pipe with a reduced outer diameter, which is sealingly inserted into the stepped hole to ensure the sealing of the battery installation cavity formed by the battery installation groove 131 and the inner wall of the upper connecting pipe 11, thereby avoiding the contact of the battery 2 with the drilling fluid. The power installation groove 141 is sealingly fixed with the cover plate 142 to ensure the sealing of the power installation cavity formed by the power installation groove 141 and the cover plate 142, thereby avoiding the contact of the motor 31 with the drilling fluid. The upper end outer wall of the switch sliding sleeve 4 is sealingly contacted with the lower end inner wall of the power bin pipe 14, i.e. the top sealing ring is slidingly and sealingly contacted with the lower end inner wall of the power bin pipe 14.

[0082] Further, a signal sensing and receiving device is arranged in the top side wall of the outer pipe 1. The signal sensing and receiving device can receive signals when the corresponding sensing capsule is put into the outer pipe 1, and the driving device 3 can drive the switch sliding sleeve 4 to move according to the signals received by the signal sensing and receiving device.

[0083] The upper connector pipe 11, the power bin pipe 14, the battery bin pipe 13 and the signal connector pipe 12 constitute the upper pipe body as mentioned above. Generally, a signal connector pipe 12 is fixed in the upper end inner wall of the upper connector pipe 11, and the signal connector pipe 12 can be threadedly and sealingly connected with the upper connector pipe 11. An installation groove 121 is formed in the outer wall of the signal connector pipe 12, and a signal sensing and receiving device is installed in the sealing cavity formed by the installation groove 121 and the inner wall of the upper connector pipe 11. The number of the signal sensing and receiving device can be one or more, and the signals that can be received include but are not limited to RFID signals (i.e. radio frequency identification signals). The sensing capsule is a plastic cylindrical capsule with an instruction chip inside, and according to the carried instruction, after being put into the outer pipe 1, the driving device 3 can be controlled to drive the open-loop sliding sleeve to move upward or downward by a specified distance to trigger the corresponding function.

[0084] More specifically, the entire tool has an initial state, a well wall strengthening state, a plugging state and a restored drilling state, and the working processes of each state are as follows:

[0085] The tool is connected in series in the downhole drilling tool pipe column, and is lowered into the well while drilling. When the downhole drilling tool pipe column is in a normal drilling state, the tool is in the initial state as mentioned above.

[0086] When the well wall loses stability and the spraying function needs to be turned on, the tool can realize the well wall strengthening function: by putting the corresponding function sensing plug into the wellhead, when the sensing plug passes through the inside of the signal connector pipe 12, the signal sensing and receiving device in the signal connector pipe 12 receives the signal and controls the operation of the motor 31. The motor 31 drives the stretching rod 35 to move upward through the screw rod 33 and the conversion rod 34, and the stretching rod 35 drives the switch sliding sleeve 4 to move upward. When the upper liquid passage 41 provided on the switch sliding sleeve 4 corresponds to the upper radial hole 151 provided on the bypass pipe 15, the spraying material flows through the inner passage 43 of the signal connector pipe 12, the power bin pipe 14 and the switch sliding sleeve 4, and then passes through the upper liquid passage 41 and the upper radial hole 151 to drive the impeller 152 installed inside the upper radial hole 151 to rotate, thereby realizing the rotary spraying of the well wall and improving the stability of the well wall. When the rotary spraying function is realized, the sealing ball 52 is in a completely open state, and the rack 62 on the switch plate 6 has not yet realized the matching contact with the gear 522 on the sealing ball 52.

[0087] When the formation leakage needs to open the plugging function, the corresponding induction plug is put into the wellhead, when the induction plug passes through the inside of the signal pipe 12, the signal induction receiving device in the signal pipe receives and controls the operation of the motor 31, the motor 31 drives the stretching rod upward through the screw rod 33 and the conversion rod 34, the stretching rod drives the switch sleeve 4 to move upward, when the lower liquid passage 42 arranged on the switch sleeve 4 corresponds to the lower radial hole 153 arranged on the bypass pipe 15, the plugging material flows through the inside passage 43 of the signal pipe 12, the power bin pipe 14 and the switch sleeve 4, and then through the lower liquid passage 42 and the lower radial hole 153 to drive the nozzle 154 arranged inside the lower radial hole 153 to plug the formation; when the plugging function is realized, the sealing ball 52 is in a closed state, the switch sleeve 4 drives the switch plate 6 to move upward through the connecting pin 63 to realize the cooperation of the rack 62 and the gear 522, so that the switch plate 6 drives the sealing ball 52 to rotate and close the liquid passage 521 arranged on the sealing ball 52, when the liquid passage 521 is closed, the formation pressure is transmitted to the lower end surface of the compensation piston pipe 532 to drive the lower sealing pipe 53 to improve the sealing property with the sealing ball 52.

[0088] When the plugging is completed and the drilling function needs to be restored, the corresponding induction plug is put into the wellhead, when the induction plug passes through the inside of the signal pipe 12, the signal induction receiving device in the signal pipe receives and controls the operation of the motor 31, the motor 31 drives the stretching rod 35 downward through the screw rod 33 and the conversion rod 34, the stretching rod 35 drives the switch sleeve 4 to move downward, the switch sleeve 4 drives the switch plate 6 to move downward through the connecting pin 63, so that the switch plate 6 drives the sealing ball 52 to rotate, opens the liquid passage 521 arranged on the sealing ball 52, and realizes the effective sealing during the rotation process due to the arrangement of the compensation spring 7.

[0089] During the realization process of the above functions, the switch of the sealing ball 52 is driven by the driving device 3 to provide power, drive the switch sleeve 4 to realize displacement, the switch sleeve 4 drives the switch plate 6 to realize displacement through the connecting pin 63, the rack 62 arranged on the switch plate 6 drives the gear 522 arranged on the sealing ball 52 to cooperate, so as to drive the sealing ball 52 to rotate and realize the opening and closing of the liquid passage 521. The arrangement of the compensation spring 7 and the compensation piston pipe 532 can be used for pressure compensation, which ensures that the sealing ball 52 still maintains sealing with the upper sealing pipe 51 and the lower sealing pipe 53 during the rotation process.

[0090] It should be noted that the terms "upper" and "lower" used in this paper only refer to the up-down orientation shown in the figure, only for the purpose of illustration, and do not represent the only embodiment. The tool in this application can be used in vertical wells and horizontal wells. When applied to horizontal wells, after the corresponding induction plug is put into the wellhead, the induction capsule can be flushed downward by using liquid. Figure 1 ​

[0091] The whole tool belongs to a kind of while-drilling downhole operation tool, mainly used for while-drilling spraying and plugging operation, and the switch of the driving device 3 is realized by signal induction;The driving device 3 converts the rotary motion into axial motion by adopting variable speed and conversion mode, so as to realize the switching function of the liquid passage 521;The unique transmission assembly is used to drive the sealing ball 52 to realize the closing and opening of the liquid passage 521, and has the function of repeated switching;The sealing reliability of the sealing ball 52 in the rotating process can be improved by using the sealing compensation function of the compensation spring 7 and the compensation piston tube 532.The whole tool can open or close the corresponding function passage by putting in the induction plug and the motor 31 driving mode according to the needs of different working conditions of drilling, so as to achieve the switching purpose of different working modes, so as to complete the spraying and plugging operation under the premise of while-drilling operation, save the tripping time and improve the operation efficiency.

[0092] Further, the application also provides a downhole risk processing method, which adopts the above-mentioned while-drilling multifunctional downhole risk disposal tool;The downhole risk processing method comprises:

[0093] When the well wall needs to be stabilized and the spraying function needs to be opened, the driving device 3 is used to drive the switch sliding sleeve 4 to move upwards to the state that the upper liquid passage hole 41 is connected and communicated with the upper radial hole 151;

[0094] The spraying material is injected into the outer tube 1, enters the inner passage 43 of the switch sliding sleeve 4, enters the upper radial hole 151 through the upper liquid passage hole 41, drives the impeller 152 installed in the upper radial hole 151 to rotate, so as to realize the rotary spraying of the well wall;

[0095] When the formation leakage needs to be plugged, the driving device 3 is used to drive the switch sliding sleeve 4 to move upwards to the state that the lower liquid passage hole 42 is connected and communicated with the lower radial hole 153, so that the liquid passage 521 is in the closed state;

[0096] The plugging material is injected into the outer tube 1, enters the inner passage 43 of the switch sliding sleeve 4, enters the lower radial hole 153 through the lower liquid passage hole 42, is sprayed out through the nozzle 154 installed in the lower radial hole 153, and realizes the formation plugging.

[0097] Further, after the plugging function is completed, the downhole risk processing method further comprises: the driving device 3 is used to drive the switch sliding sleeve 4 to move downwards to the initial position.

[0098] The method is realized by using the above-mentioned tool, and the specific working process has been described in detail before, and the specific advantages are the same as those of the above-mentioned tool, which will not be repeated here.

[0099] The above merely illustrates the specific embodiments of the present application, and is not used to limit the scope of the present application. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by any person skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principle of the present application shall fall within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A multi-functional downhole risk management tool for drilling, characterized in that, It includes an outer tube, a drive device is provided inside the side wall of the outer tube, an upper radial hole and a lower radial hole are provided on the side wall of the outer tube, a rotatable impeller is provided in the upper radial hole, and a nozzle is provided in the lower radial hole; A switch sleeve capable of sliding vertically and sealingly is provided inside the outer tube. The switch sleeve has an upper liquid passage hole and a lower liquid passage hole. Inside the outer tube and below the switch sleeve, an upper sealing tube, a sealing ball, and a lower sealing tube are arranged in sequence. The lower end of the upper sealing tube has a lower sealing surface, and the upper end of the upper sealing tube has an upper sealing surface. The sealing ball has a liquid passage and can seal and fit with the upper sealing surface and the lower sealing surface. The bottom end of the switch sleeve is connected to the sealing ball through a transmission assembly. In its initial state, the bottom end of the switch sleeve can abut against the top end of the upper sealing tube, and the liquid passage is fully open. The driving device is connected to the switch sleeve and can drive the switch sleeve to move upward from the initial state until the upper liquid passage hole and the upper radial hole are connected, and the liquid passage remains fully open. It can also drive the switch sleeve to move upward until the lower liquid passage hole and the lower radial hole are connected, and under the action of the transmission component, it drives the sealing ball to rotate until the liquid passage is closed.

2. The multi-functional downhole risk management tool as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission assembly includes two switch plates and two gears. The two switch plates are symmetrically arranged at the bottom end of the switch sleeve, and the two gears are symmetrically arranged on the sealing ball. An elongated hole is opened on the switch plate, and a rack of a preset length is provided on one side wall of the elongated hole. A preset gap is left between the upper end of the rack and the upper end of the elongated hole. The gear is relatively movable and inserted into the corresponding elongated hole. When the switch sleeve is in the initial state, the gear is located in the area of ​​the elongated hole corresponding to the preset interval. During the process of the switch sleeve moving upward from the initial state to the point where the upper liquid passage hole and the upper radial hole are connected, the gear moves within the area of ​​the elongated hole corresponding to the preset interval. During the process of the switch sleeve moving upward to the point where the lower liquid passage hole and the lower radial hole are connected, the gear can mesh with the rack to drive the sealing ball to rotate.

3. The multi-functional downhole risk management tool for drilling as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The lower outer wall of the upper sealing tube has two outwardly protruding semi-rings, forming two insertion ports between the two semi-rings. An upper limit step and a lower limit step are formed on the lower inner wall of the outer tube, which respectively limit the upper end face of the semi-rings and the lower end face of the lower sealing tube. The two switch plates are able to move up and down and are inserted into the insertion ports.

4. The multi-functional downhole risk management tool as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The upper sealing tube, the sealing ball, and the lower sealing tube together can float up and down inside the outer tube. An upper spring seat ring is provided on the lower outer wall of the lower sealing tube, and a lower spring seat ring is formed on the bottom inner wall of the outer tube. A compensating spring is provided on the lower sealing tube, and the two ends of the compensating spring abut against the upper spring seat ring and the lower spring seat ring respectively.

5. The multi-functional downhole risk management tool as described in claim 4, characterized in that, A straightening tube is also provided inside the outer tube. The straightening tube is sleeved outside the lower sealing tube, and both ends of the straightening tube can respectively abut against the semi-ring body and the upper spring seat ring.

6. The multi-functional downhole risk management tool for drilling as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The upper spring seat ring is located above the lower limiting step, and the lower end outer wall of the lower sealing tube is in sealing contact with the step surface between the upper spring seat ring and the lower limiting step.

7. The multi-functional downhole risk management tool as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The outer tube includes an upper tube body, a bypass tube, a lower cylinder body, and a lower connecting tube, which are sequentially and sealed from top to bottom. The driving device is located in the upper tube body. The upper radial hole and the lower radial hole are formed on the bypass tube. The switch sleeve is slidably located in the bypass tube. The upper limit step is formed on the bypass tube. The lower spring seat ring and the lower limit step are formed on the lower connecting tube.

8. The multi-functional downhole risk management tool as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The drive device includes a motor, a gearbox, a lead screw, a conversion rod, and a tension rod connected in sequence from top to bottom. The lower end of the tension rod extends into the outer tube and is connected to the switch sleeve. The motor can drive the conversion rod to move axially through the cooperation of the lead screw and the conversion rod, and drive the switch sleeve to move axially through the tension rod.

9. The multi-functional downhole risk management tool as described in claim 8, characterized in that, A battery is also provided inside the side wall of the outer tube, and the battery is connected to the motor through wires passing through the side wall of the outer tube.

10. The multi-functional downhole risk management tool for drilling as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The outer tube includes an upper tube, a power compartment tube, and a lower tube body that are sequentially and sealed from top to bottom. The inner wall of the upper tube has an upper boss, and a battery compartment tube is also installed inside the upper tube. The two ends of the battery compartment tube abut against the upper boss and the top of the battery compartment tube, respectively. A battery mounting groove is formed on the outer wall of the battery compartment tube, and a power mounting groove is formed on the outer wall of the power compartment tube. The battery is installed in the mounting cavity formed by the battery mounting groove and the inner wall of the upper tube. The drive device is installed in the power mounting groove, and a cover plate is detachably and sealed at the opening of the power mounting groove.

11. The multi-functional downhole risk management tool for drilling as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A signal sensing and receiving device is also provided inside the top side wall of the outer tube. The signal sensing and receiving device can receive signals when the corresponding sensing capsule is put into the outer tube. The driving device can drive the switch sleeve to move according to the signal received by the signal sensing and receiving device.

12. A method for handling downhole risks, characterized in that, The multi-functional downhole risk management tool described in any one of claims 1-11 is used; The downhole risk management methods include: When the well wall becomes unstable and the spraying function needs to be activated, the drive device is used to drive the switch sleeve to move upward until the upper liquid passage hole and the upper radial hole are connected. Spraying material is injected into the outer pipe. The spraying material enters the inner channel of the switch sleeve, passes through the upper liquid passage and enters the upper radial hole, which drives the impeller installed in the upper radial hole to rotate, thereby realizing the rotational spraying of the well wall. When formation leakage occurs and the plugging function needs to be activated, the drive device is used to move the switch sleeve upward until the lower liquid passage hole and the lower radial hole are connected, so that the liquid passage is closed. The sealing material is injected into the outer pipe, enters the inner channel of the switch sleeve, enters the lower radial hole through the lower liquid passage, and is sprayed out through the nozzle installed in the lower radial hole to achieve formation sealing.

13. The downhole risk management method as described in claim 12, characterized in that, After completing the plugging function, the downhole risk management method further includes: using a drive device to drive the switch sleeve downward to the initial position.

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