Yielding energy-absorbing constant-resistance anchor

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of anchor rods, in particular to a yielding energy-absorbing constant-resistance anchor which comprises a rod body, the rod body is sleeved with a yielding energy-absorbing assembly, one end of the yielding energy-absorbing assembly is provided with a constant-resistance sleeve, the other end of the yielding energy-absorbing assembly is provided with a first nut, the rod body is sleeved with the constant-resistance sleeve, and the first nut is in threaded connection with the rod body; the yielding energy-absorbing assembly comprises an energy-absorbing sleeve arranged on the rod body in a sleeving mode, a tray is arranged at the end, facing the constant-resistance sleeve, of the energy-absorbing sleeve in a sleeving mode, and the energy-absorbing sleeve penetrates through the tray and extends into the constant-resistance sleeve. The tray is detachably connected with a limiting plate through a connecting piece, and the limiting plate is arranged between the first nut and the energy absorption sleeve. The limiting plate extrudes the energy absorption sleeve through the connecting piece, and the end, extending into the constant-resistance sleeve, of the energy absorption sleeve extrudes the constant-resistance sleeve, so that the compressed energy absorption sleeve can pass through the constant-resistance sleeve with constant resistance, the purpose of constant-resistance deformation yielding energy absorption is achieved, and then the two-stage control target of two-stage yielding energy absorption is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of anchor bolt technology, and in particular to a constant resistance anchor that allows pressure to absorb energy. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, with the increasing demand for mineral resources, energy, and underground space, the development of engineering construction towards deeper environments has become an inevitable trend. In deep environments, the geological environment of the engineering rock mass is characterized by "three highs and one disturbance" (high ground stress, high ground temperature, high karst water pressure, and strong mining / excavation disturbance). Destructive disasters such as large deformation of soft rock, rock bursts, and rock bursts occur frequently, posing a huge threat to personnel safety and equipment. Traditional support systems often rely on strong resistance for support and use a single energy-absorbing pressure or a single constant resistance deformation for prevention and control, lacking multi-stage energy-absorbing support devices.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a constant resistance anchor that can not only effectively absorb pressure but also simultaneously perform constant resistance deformation, thereby achieving the purpose of constant resistance deformation to absorb pressure and energy, and thus realizing the dual-stage control objective of dual-stage pressure absorption and energy absorption. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a constant resistance anchor that allows pressure to absorb energy, thereby solving the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: a pressure-absorbing energy-constant resistance anchor, comprising a rod body, a pressure-absorbing energy-gathering component sleeved on the rod body, a constant resistance sleeve provided at one end of the pressure-absorbing energy-gathering component, a first nut provided at the other end of the pressure-absorbing energy-gathering component, the constant resistance sleeve sleeved on the rod body, and the first nut threadedly connected to the rod body; the pressure-absorbing energy-gathering component includes an energy-absorbing sleeve sleeved on the rod body, a tray sleeved on one end of the energy-absorbing sleeve facing the constant resistance sleeve, the energy-absorbing sleeve extending through the tray into the constant resistance sleeve; the tray is detachably connected to a limiting plate via a connector, the limiting plate being disposed between the first nut and the energy-absorbing sleeve.

[0006] Preferably, the connector includes a plurality of bolts disposed around the energy-absorbing sleeve, one end of the bolts being fixedly connected to the tray, and the other end of the bolts being threaded through the limiting plate and connected to a second nut.

[0007] Preferably, the limiting plate has a first through hole at its center, and the first through hole is adapted to the rod body.

[0008] Preferably, a plurality of second through holes are provided around the first through hole, and the second through holes are formed on the limiting plate.

[0009] Preferably, the second through hole is provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the bolt.

[0010] Preferably, the inner diameter of the first through hole is adapted to the outer diameter of the rod, and the inner diameter of the first through hole is smaller than the outer diameter of the first nut.

[0011] Preferably, the constant resistance sleeve is installed inside a large borehole opened at the borehole opening.

[0012] Preferably, the outer diameter of the tray is larger than the inner diameter of the large borehole.

[0013] Preferably, the tray has a third through hole at its center, and the energy-absorbing sleeve extends through the third through hole into the constant resistance sleeve.

[0014] Preferably, the plurality of bolts are arranged at equal intervals around the third through hole.

[0015] The present invention discloses the following technical effects: This invention uses a connector to cause the limiting plate to compress the energy-absorbing sleeve. One end of the energy-absorbing sleeve extends into the constant resistance sleeve and compresses the constant resistance sleeve, so that the compressed energy-absorbing sleeve can pass through the constant resistance sleeve with constant resistance, thereby achieving the purpose of constant resistance deformation to allow pressure absorption of energy, and thus achieving the dual-stage control objective of dual-stage pressure absorption of energy. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the limiting plate structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the tray structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention when it is installed inside a borehole; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connector of the present invention when an arc-shaped baffle is installed; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the arc-shaped baffle structure of the present invention; Among them, 1. rod body; 2. first nut; 3. energy-absorbing sleeve; 4. tray; 5. large drill hole; 6. constant resistance sleeve; 7. bolt; 8. small drill hole; 9. second nut; 10. limiting plate; 11. first through hole; 12. second through hole; 13. third through hole; 14. arc-shaped baffle. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The feasible implementations discovered in this field are as follows: Patent publication number CN116411982A discloses a rolling constant-resistance large deformation anchor bolt, including an anchor bolt body. The anchored end of the anchor bolt body is anchored in the surrounding rock mass, and the free end of the anchor bolt body is disposed inside an energy-absorbing sleeve. A reaction plate is provided at the end of the energy-absorbing sleeve exposed in the surrounding rock, and the reaction plate is in close contact with the rock wall of the surrounding rock through a fastening nut. An inner diameter enlargement section is provided at the connection position of the energy-absorbing sleeve and the fastening nut, and the inner diameter of the remaining parts is constant. The free end of the anchor bolt body is fixed. It is connected to a rolling constant resistance device, which has multiple ball grooves evenly distributed around its circumference. High-strength balls are installed in the ball grooves. The outer diameter of the rolling constant resistance device is larger than the inner diameter of the energy-absorbing sleeve by an equal diameter section. A blocking block is installed at one end of the energy-absorbing sleeve located in the rock mass. The blocking block is located between the energy-absorbing sleeve and the anchor rod. There are 8 ball grooves. Lubricant is applied between the high-strength balls and the ball grooves, as well as on the inner wall of the energy-absorbing sleeve. The reaction tray is a square steel plate with a central hole. The diameter of the central hole is larger than the outer diameter of the energy-absorbing sleeve.

[0019] This patent utilizes the rolling compression principle to provide anchor bolt support resistance. The support resistance changes smoothly, avoiding the sudden drop in support resistance caused by the change from static friction to dynamic friction when the anchor bolt deforms, as is common in traditional compression friction type large deformation anchor bolts. This improves the anchor bolt support capability. The patent uses the anchoring end at the front of the anchor bolt body and the reaction end at the rear of the energy-absorbing sleeve to convert the deformation of the surrounding rock into relative motion between the rolling constant resistance device and the energy-absorbing sleeve. The support resistance of the anchor bolt is provided by the rolling compression resistance between the high-strength balls on the rolling constant resistance device and the energy-absorbing sleeve. Because the cross-sectional size of the energy-absorbing sleeve is consistent throughout the deformation section, and... The rolling compression of high-strength balls does not cause wear. During the deformation of the anchor bolt, the rolling compression resistance between the high-strength balls and the energy-absorbing sleeve remains constant, thus achieving the effect of constant anchor bolt support resistance. The rolling compression of the high-strength balls in the energy-absorbing sleeve of this patent prevents wear on the rolling constant resistance device, overcoming the technical problem of reduced support resistance caused by slider wear during the deformation process of traditional friction-type large deformation anchor bolts, and realizing true constant resistance large deformation of anchor bolts. The energy-absorbing sleeve, rolling constant resistance device, anchor bolt body, and high-strength balls of this patent are simple to process and manufacture, low in cost, easy to equip, and have broad application prospects.

[0020] Patent publication number CN116838393A discloses an energy-absorbing pressure tube structure and a multi-segment energy-absorbing variable resistance anchor bolt, including a pressure-absorbing sleeve and a pressure-absorbing rod. The pressure-absorbing sleeve consists of an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve, with the inner sleeve fixedly installed inside the outer sleeve. The length of the inner sleeve is less than the length of the outer sleeve, and the inner diameter of the inner sleeve is approximately the same as the inner diameter of the outer sleeve. The strength of the inner sleeve is lower than that of the outer sleeve. The pressure-absorbing rod is cylindrical, with a spherical end and a threaded tail end. The end of the rod is connected to the inner sleeve, allowing an interference fit between the end of the rod and the inner sleeve. Multiple grooves are provided along the axial direction on the inner wall of the inner sleeve, ensuring that the maximum cross-sectional radius of the end of the rod is greater than the inner diameter of the inner sleeve but smaller than the outer diameter of the grooves within the inner sleeve. The grooves are horseshoe-shaped and there are eight grooves evenly distributed along the circumference of the inner wall of the inner sleeve. A multi-segment energy-absorbing variable-resistance anchor bolt incorporating the above-mentioned energy-absorbing pressure tube structure includes at least two energy-absorbing pressure tube structures with different energy-absorbing pressure strengths. The system includes a tray, a first energy-absorbing pressure pipe, a second energy-absorbing pressure pipe, a third energy-absorbing pressure pipe, and threaded steel bars. The tray is threadedly connected to the pressure-relief rod of the first energy-absorbing pressure pipe. The outer sleeve of the first energy-absorbing pressure pipe is connected to the outer sleeve of the second energy-absorbing pressure pipe via a first connecting sleeve. The tail end of the pressure-relief rod of the second energy-absorbing pressure pipe is connected to the second connecting sleeve, and the other end of the second connecting sleeve is fixedly connected to the outer sleeve of the third energy-absorbing pressure pipe. The tail end of the pressure-relief rod of the third energy-absorbing pressure pipe is connected to the third connecting sleeve, and the other end of the third connecting sleeve is connected to the threaded steel bars. The energy absorption intensity of the first, second, and third energy-absorbing pressure pipes increases sequentially. The strength of the inner sleeves of the first, second, and third energy-absorbing pressure pipes increases sequentially. The lengths of the inner sleeves and pressure-relief rods of the first, second, and third energy-absorbing pressure pipes increase sequentially.

[0021] The patented pressure-absorbing tube structure allows for relative sliding between the pressure-absorbing tube and the pressure-absorbing sleeve under external force. Due to the relatively high strength of the pressure-absorbing rod, the inner sleeve is squeezed during relative movement within the pressure-absorbing sleeve, causing it to deform. During the squeezing process, the contact area between the spherical end and the inner sleeve is relatively consistent, enabling constant resistance pressure relief.

[0022] This patented multi-segment energy-absorbing variable resistance anchor bolt absorbs a certain amount of energy through the first and second energy-absorbing pressure pipes when minor rockbursts or slight deformations occur in the surrounding rock. Simultaneously, it allows for stress adjustment in the surrounding rock, resulting in some deformation or a minor degree of rockburst and deformation. The third energy-absorbing pressure pipe can suppress high-intensity rockburst disasters and significant surrounding rock deformation. The patented three-segment energy-absorbing structure also effectively reduces the probability of single-segment energy-absorbing pressure devices failing to function due to manufacturing errors, greatly improving the reliability of the pressure-absorbing anchor bolt.

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0025] Example 1 Reference Figures 1 to 4 This invention provides a pressure-absorbing energy constant resistance anchor, comprising a rod body 1, a pressure-absorbing energy assembly sleeved on the rod body 1, a constant resistance sleeve 6 at one end of the pressure-absorbing energy assembly, and a first nut 2 at the other end of the pressure-absorbing energy assembly. The constant resistance sleeve 6 is sleeved on the rod body 1, and the first nut 2 is threadedly connected to the rod body 1. The pressure-absorbing energy assembly includes an energy-absorbing sleeve 3 sleeved on the rod body 1, and a tray 4 is sleeved on one end of the energy-absorbing sleeve 3 facing the constant resistance sleeve 6. The energy-absorbing sleeve 3 extends through the tray 4 into the constant resistance sleeve 6. The tray 4 is detachably connected to a limiting plate 10 via a connector, and the limiting plate 10 is disposed between the first nut 2 and the energy-absorbing sleeve 3.

[0026] The present invention uses a connector to make the limiting plate 10 compress the energy-absorbing sleeve 3. One end of the energy-absorbing sleeve 3 extends into the constant resistance sleeve 6 and compresses the constant resistance sleeve 6, so that the compressed energy-absorbing sleeve 3 can pass through the constant resistance sleeve 6 with constant resistance, thereby achieving the purpose of constant resistance deformation to allow pressure and absorb energy, and thus achieving the dual-stage control target of dual-stage pressure and energy absorption.

[0027] A further optimized design includes a connector comprising multiple bolts 7 arranged around the energy-absorbing sleeve 3. One end of each bolt 7 is fixedly connected to the tray 4, and the other end of each bolt 7 is threaded through the limiting plate 10 and connected to a second nut 9. By fixing one end of each bolt 7 to the tray 4, the second nut 9 can be effectively screwed into the bolt 7.

[0028] In a further optimized design, a first through hole 11 is provided at the center of the limiting plate 10, which is adapted to the rod body 1. The first through hole 11 facilitates the rod body 1 to pass through the limiting plate 10.

[0029] In a further optimized design, multiple second through holes 12 are provided around the first through hole 11, and the second through holes 12 are opened on the limiting plate 10.

[0030] The design was further optimized so that the second through hole 12 and the bolt 7 were set in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0031] The second through hole 12 facilitates the bolt 7 to pass through the limiting plate 10.

[0032] In a further optimized design, the inner diameter of the first through hole 11 is adapted to the outer diameter of the rod body 1, and the inner diameter of the first through hole 11 is smaller than the outer diameter of the first nut 2.

[0033] The inner diameter of the first through hole 11 is adapted to the outer diameter of the rod 1, so that the rod 1 can pass through the limiting plate 10.

[0034] The inner diameter of the first through hole 11 is smaller than the outer diameter of the first nut 2, so that the first nut 2 can be effectively positioned on the end of the limiting plate 10 away from the energy-absorbing sleeve 3.

[0035] The scheme was further optimized by installing the constant resistance sleeve 6 inside the large borehole 5 opened at the borehole opening.

[0036] The drilling includes a large hole 5 and a small hole 8. The large hole 5 is for placing the constant resistance sleeve 6, and the small hole 8 is for placing the rod 1.

[0037] First, fill the end of the small drill hole 8 away from the large drill hole 5 with anchoring agent, and then insert the rod 1 into the small drill hole 8.

[0038] The design was further optimized so that the outer diameter of tray 4 is larger than the inner diameter of the large drill hole 5. This allows tray 4 to be effectively positioned outside the large drill hole 5.

[0039] The design is further optimized by providing a third through hole 13 in the center of the tray 4, through which the energy-absorbing sleeve 3 extends into the constant resistance sleeve 6.

[0040] Through the third through hole 13, the energy-absorbing sleeve 3 can be effectively inserted into the constant resistance sleeve 6.

[0041] The design was further optimized by placing multiple bolts 7 at equal intervals around the third through hole 13.

[0042] The force values ​​A and B of the energy-absorbing sleeve 3 were calculated.

[0043] The stress value A is the compressive stress caused by the compression of the energy-absorbing sleeve 3 as it shortens.

[0044] And A < B.

[0045] Work process: The force value B is: the compressed energy-absorbing sleeve 3 will pass through the constant resistance sleeve 6 with constant resistance.

[0046] First, the rod 1 is installed in the pre-constructed small borehole 8 using anchoring agent. Then, the constant resistance sleeve 6 is installed in the large borehole 5, followed by the energy-absorbing sleeve 3 installed in the constant resistance sleeve 6. Next, the tray 4, the limiting plate 10, the first nut 2, and the second nut 9 are installed in sequence to generate prestress through tensioning of the rod 1. When the surrounding rock deforms, the force on the rod 1 increases, and the energy-absorbing sleeve 3 is subjected to compressive stress. When the force reaches the stress value A, the energy-absorbing sleeve 3 is compressed and shortened, thereby achieving the purpose of pressure-absorbing energy. When the force on the energy-absorbing sleeve 3 reaches the stress value B, the compressed energy-absorbing sleeve 3 will pass through the constant resistance sleeve 6 with constant resistance, causing the constant resistance sleeve 6 to be compressed. This allows the constant resistance sleeve 6 to be effectively placed within the large borehole 5, thereby achieving the purpose of constant resistance deformation pressure-absorbing energy, and thus realizing the dual-stage control objective of dual-stage pressure-absorbing energy.

[0047] Example 2 Reference Figures 5 to 6 Based on Example 1, in order to enable the constant resistance generated by the compression of the energy-absorbing sleeve 3 to effectively act on the constant resistance sleeve 6, an arc-shaped baffle 14 is fixedly connected between two adjacent bolts 7, and the end of the arc-shaped baffle 14 facing the tray 4 is fixedly connected to the tray 4.

[0048] The height of the arc-shaped baffle 14 is less than the length of the bolt 7.

[0049] The curved baffle 14 limits the shape of the compressed energy-absorbing sleeve 3, so that the constant resistance generated by the compressed energy-absorbing sleeve 3 can effectively act on the constant resistance sleeve 6.

[0050] Example 3 Based on Embodiment 1, in order to prevent the second nut 9 from loosening, a spring is fitted on one end of the bolt 7 facing the limiting plate 10. When the second nut 9 is tightened on the bolt 7, the elasticity of the spring allows the limiting plate 10 to effectively and tightly abut against the second nut 9, effectively preventing the second nut 9 from loosening.

[0051] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0052] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A constant-resistance anchor that allows pressure absorption energy, characterized in that: Includes a rod body (1), on which a pressure-absorbing energy assembly is sleeved, a constant resistance sleeve (6) is provided at one end of the pressure-absorbing energy assembly, and a first nut (2) is provided at the other end of the pressure-absorbing energy assembly. The constant resistance sleeve (6) is sleeved on the rod body (1), and the first nut (2) is threadedly connected to the rod body (1). The pressure-absorbing energy assembly includes an energy-absorbing sleeve (3) sleeved on the rod (1), and a tray (4) is sleeved on one end of the energy-absorbing sleeve (3) facing the constant resistance sleeve (6). The energy-absorbing sleeve (3) extends through the tray (4) into the constant resistance sleeve (6). The tray (4) is detachably connected to a limiting plate (10) via a connector. The limiting plate (10) is located between the first nut (2) and the energy-absorbing sleeve (3).

2. The constant resistance anchor that allows pressure absorption and energy dissipation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connector includes a plurality of bolts (7) disposed around the energy-absorbing sleeve (3), one end of the bolts (7) being fixedly connected to the tray (4), and the other end of the bolts (7) being threaded through the limiting plate (10) and connected to a second nut (9).

3. The constant resistance anchor that allows pressure absorption and energy dissipation according to claim 2, characterized in that: The limiting plate (10) has a first through hole (11) at its center, and the first through hole (11) is adapted to the rod (1).

4. The constant resistance anchor that allows pressure absorption and energy dissipation according to claim 3, characterized in that: A plurality of second through holes (12) are provided around the first through hole (11), and the second through holes (12) are opened on the limiting plate (10).

5. The constant resistance anchor that allows pressure absorption and energy dissipation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second through hole (12) is provided in a one-to-one correspondence with the bolt (7).

6. The constant resistance anchor that allows pressure absorption and energy dissipation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the first through hole (11) is adapted to the outer diameter of the rod (1), and the inner diameter of the first through hole (11) is smaller than the outer diameter of the first nut (2).

7. The constant resistance anchor that allows pressure absorption and energy dissipation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The constant resistance sleeve (6) is installed in the large borehole (5) opened at the borehole opening.

8. The constant resistance anchor that allows pressure absorption and energy dissipation according to claim 7, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the tray (4) is larger than the inner diameter of the large borehole (5).

9. The constant resistance anchor that allows pressure absorption and energy absorption according to claim 2, characterized in that: The tray (4) has a third through hole (13) in the center, and the energy-absorbing sleeve (3) extends through the third through hole (13) into the constant resistance sleeve (6).

10. The pressure-absorbing constant resistance anchor according to claim 9, characterized in that: Multiple bolts (7) are arranged at equal intervals around the third through hole (13).

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