Waste treatment device and waste treatment method based on argon plasma

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of waste treatment. According to the waste treatment device and method based on argon plasma, a high-temperature pretreatment furnace is used for containing high-temperature waste and collecting dust generated by the high-temperature waste, the top of the high-temperature pretreatment furnace is provided with a conveying pipe, and the bottom of the high-temperature pretreatment furnace is connected with an electric furnace molten pool; the pneumatic device stores argon, communicates with the transmission pipe, and pneumatically transmits dust to the electric furnace molten pool through the argon; a molten pool pipe is arranged below the electric furnace molten pool and internally provided with a graphite electrode and an adjustable baffle; the collecting tank is connected with a molten pool pipe and used for collecting metal blocks and glass crystals generated after treatment; the conveying pipe is connected with the high-temperature pretreatment furnace and the collecting tank and conveys high-temperature waste in the tank. The device optimizes component layout, a high-temperature pretreatment furnace is directly connected with an electric furnace molten pool to be matched with argon conveying to reduce leakage, a baffle controls dust retention time, a graphite electrode ensures sufficient reaction, residues are transferred in time, and efficiency is improved; intelligent regulation and switchable pretreatment are arranged to adapt to different dust; the cost is reduced through argon recovery, solid products are easy to collect, the service life is prolonged through the high-temperature-resistant coating, and high efficiency, adaptability, economy and environmental protection are all considered.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dust treatment, and more particularly to a waste treatment device and method based on argon plasma. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of high-temperature waste dust treatment, existing technologies generally rely on high-temperature incineration to treat pollutants. However, this process suffers from significant incomplete treatment issues. During high-temperature incineration, it is difficult to achieve uniform heating of waste dust in all areas of the incinerator. Local temperatures often fall below the threshold required for the complete decomposition of organic pollutants, resulting in incomplete decomposition of VOCs and other organic pollutants. Some harmful components are still emitted with the exhaust gas. Simultaneously, heavy metals in the waste are difficult to fully melt and solidify at conventional incineration temperatures, easily diffusing with the flue gas in gaseous or dusty form, causing secondary pollution. Furthermore, high-temperature incineration places high demands on waste pretreatment. Uneven waste mixing or fluctuations in moisture content further exacerbate incomplete incineration, causing pollutant concentrations in the treated exhaust gas to exceed environmental standards, failing to meet stringent dust treatment requirements.

[0003] Meanwhile, existing high-temperature incineration processes also suffer from problems such as difficulty in product collection, poor equipment adaptability, and insufficient operational stability. The ash produced after incineration is mostly a mixture of metals and inorganic particles, lacking effective separation methods. This not only makes resource recovery difficult but also requires additional investment in harmless disposal; otherwise, residual harmful components in the ash can easily seep into soil or water bodies. For different types of high-temperature waste, such as medical waste and hazardous chemical waste, existing incineration equipment cannot flexibly adjust processing parameters, either resulting in energy waste due to excessively high temperatures or inadequate treatment of specific pollutants due to insufficient temperatures. Furthermore, the inner wall of the incinerator is subjected to long-term high-temperature erosion and corrosion from harmful gases, making it prone to localized erosion and deformation. This not only shortens the equipment's lifespan but may also lead to leakage of untreated dust due to furnace seal failure, further exacerbating environmental pollution risks. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention discloses an argon plasma-based waste treatment device and method that can effectively and uniformly process waste, reduce the concentration of pollutants after treatment, and meet stringent dust treatment requirements.

[0005] This invention discloses a waste treatment device based on argon plasma, comprising:

[0006] The high-temperature pretreatment furnace is used to contain high-temperature waste and collect the dust generated by the high-temperature waste. The high-temperature pretreatment furnace is equipped with a transmission pipe at the top and an electric furnace melting pool at the bottom.

[0007] A pneumatic device, connected to a transmission pipe, contains argon gas and is used to transport dust generated in the high-temperature pretreatment furnace to the electric furnace molten pool via argon gas pneumatic conveying.

[0008] An electric furnace molten pool is located below a high-temperature pretreatment furnace. A molten pool tube is installed at the bottom of the electric furnace molten pool. At least one set of graphite electrodes and at least one adjustable baffle are installed inside the electric furnace molten pool. The graphite electrodes are used to ionize argon gas to generate argon plasma. The argon plasma can generate high temperature to treat the dust transported to the electric furnace molten pool. The adjustable baffle is set on the flow path of the dust entering the electric furnace molten pool. It is used to adjust the dust flow cross section by changing the opening and closing angle of the baffle, thereby controlling the residence time of the dust in the electric furnace molten pool.

[0009] The collection tank is connected to the molten pool pipe at the bottom of the electric furnace molten pool and is used to collect metal blocks and glass crystals generated after dust is treated by high temperature plasma.

[0010] The conveying pipe is connected at both ends to the high-temperature pretreatment furnace and the collection tank, respectively, and is used to transport the high-temperature waste in the high-temperature pretreatment furnace to the collection tank.

[0011] Furthermore, the working current range of the graphite electrode is 800-1200A, where the current corresponds to plasma temperature as follows: 800-1000A corresponds to 5000-10000℃, and 1000-1200A corresponds to 10000-15000℃. The graphite electrode is set in two sets, symmetrically distributed on both sides inside the electric furnace molten pool. The two sets of graphite electrodes are energized simultaneously to form a stable argon plasma arc.

[0012] The pneumatic device includes an argon storage tank, an airflow regulating valve, and a delivery pipeline. The delivery pipeline is connected to the electric furnace molten pool. The airflow regulating valve is used to control the delivery rate of argon, so that the volume ratio of dust to argon is 1:3 to 1:5.

[0013] Furthermore, the inner wall of the electric furnace molten pool is provided with a high-temperature resistant coating, which is a corundum coating or a graphite coating, to prevent the inner wall of the electric furnace molten pool from being damaged by the high temperature of the plasma.

[0014] The collection tank is equipped with a cooling chamber that surrounds the inner wall of the collection tank, which is used to rapidly cool and shape the metal blocks and glass crystals that enter the collection tank.

[0015] Furthermore, the waste treatment device also includes an argon closed-loop recovery module, which includes:

[0016] An argon separation unit is located at the top of the collection tank and connected to the collection tank. It is used to separate the unionized argon gas remaining after the dust has been treated by plasma. The argon separation unit is a membrane separation device or a low-temperature adsorption device.

[0017] The argon purification unit, connected to the argon separation unit, includes a precision filter and a dryer, used to remove HCl and dust impurities from the recovered argon, ensuring an argon purity of ≥99.9%.

[0018] The return pipeline is connected at both ends to the argon storage tank of the argon purification unit and the pneumatic device, respectively, and is used to send the purified argon back to the argon storage tank to form a cycle.

[0019] A purity monitoring sensor is installed on the return pipeline to monitor the purity of the recovered argon in real time and adjust the purification intensity of the argon purification unit.

[0020] Furthermore, the membrane separation device of the argon separation unit adopts a hollow fiber membrane with a pore size of 0.1-0.5μm and an operating pressure of 0.2-0.4MPa;

[0021] The precision filter element of the argon purification unit is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, with a filtration accuracy of ≤0.1μm; the dew point of the dryer is controlled between -40℃ and -60℃.

[0022] Furthermore, the waste treatment device also includes an intelligent adaptive control system, which includes:

[0023] A dust composition sensor, located at the inlet of the transmission tube, includes a PID sensor and an X-ray fluorescence sensor, which are used to detect the VOCs content and heavy metal content of organic matter in the dust, respectively.

[0024] The central controller is electrically connected to the dust composition sensor and has a built-in parameter matching algorithm. The central controller is electrically connected to the airflow regulating valve of the pneumatic device, the power supply of the graphite electrode, and the adjustable baffle of the electric furnace melting pool.

[0025] When the VOCs concentration increases, the central controller automatically increases the graphite electrode current to a higher value in the range of 800-1200A through an algorithm, adjusts the airflow regulating valve to increase the volume ratio of dust to argon to a higher value in the range of 1:3-1:5, and adjusts the adjustable baffle to extend the residence time of dust in the electric furnace molten pool to a longer value in the range of 0.5-5 seconds.

[0026] When the heavy metal content increases, the graphite electrode is automatically adjusted to raise the argon plasma temperature to a higher value within the range of 5000-15000℃.

[0027] Furthermore, the waste treatment device also includes a switchable pretreatment module, which is connected to the front end of the transmission pipe via a quick-release interface. The quick-release interface is a flange-type interface with a sealing gasket, which can be quickly tightened or loosened by bolts. The pretreatment module includes:

[0028] The low-temperature plasma pretreatment unit is used to treat medical waste dust. The unit is equipped with a low-temperature plasma generator with an operating temperature of 800-1200℃, which is used to kill pathogenic microorganisms and break down macromolecular organic solvents.

[0029] The alkaline washing pretreatment unit is used to treat chemical hazardous waste dust. The unit is equipped with a NaOH solution spraying device to neutralize the acidic gases in the dust.

[0030] Furthermore, the plasma generator power of the low-temperature plasma pretreatment unit is 5-15kW, and the residence time of dust in the unit is 0.3-0.8 seconds;

[0031] The concentration of NaOH solution in the alkaline washing pretreatment unit is 5%-10%, and the ratio of spray flow rate to dust flow rate is 1:8-1:12.

[0032] This invention discloses a waste treatment method based on argon plasma, which includes the following steps:

[0033] S1: High-temperature waste is put into a high-temperature pretreatment furnace. The high-temperature waste generates dust in the high-temperature pretreatment furnace. Some of the high-temperature waste residue that has fully released dust enters the collection tank directly through the conveying pipe.

[0034] S2: Start the pneumatic device, which releases argon gas. The dust transmitted from the top of the high-temperature pretreatment furnace through the argon gas pneumatic conveying system is transported to the electric furnace molten pool below the high-temperature pretreatment furnace.

[0035] S3: Power is applied to the graphite electrode in the electric furnace molten pool, with the current controlled at 800-1200A. The current corresponds to the plasma temperature as follows: 800-1000A corresponds to 5000-10000℃, and 1000-1200A corresponds to 10000-15000℃. The graphite electrode ionizes argon gas to generate argon plasma, which generates high temperature that acts on the dust in the electric furnace molten pool.

[0036] S4: Dust reacts under the high temperature of plasma to generate metal blocks and glass crystals, which enter the collection tank through the molten pool pipe at the bottom of the electric furnace molten pool;

[0037] S5: The collection tank collects metal blocks and glass crystals, completing the dust treatment.

[0038] Furthermore, in step S2, the pressure of the argon gas delivered by the pneumatic device is 0.3-0.5 MPa, so that the dust can be stably delivered to the electric furnace molten pool without backflow.

[0039] In step S3, the temperature range of the argon plasma is 5000-15000℃, and the residence time of the dust in the electric furnace molten pool is 0.5-5 seconds to ensure that the dust reacts fully.

[0040] In step S4, organic pollutants in the dust decompose into CO2, H2O and HCl under the high temperature of plasma. Heavy metal components melt with some inorganic particles to form metal blocks, while the remaining inorganic particles melt and cool to form glass crystals.

[0041] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0042] This invention achieves a highly efficient and seamless dust treatment process through optimized component layout and functional coordination. The bottom of the high-temperature pretreatment furnace is directly connected to the electric furnace molten pool, and the argon gas delivery by the pneumatic device shortens the dust transportation distance and reduces the risk of leakage. The adjustable baffles in the electric furnace molten pool precisely control the dust residence time by changing the flow cross-section, and the high-temperature plasma generated by the graphite electrodes ensures that the dust reacts fully. The conveying pipe promptly transfers the released waste residue in the high-temperature pretreatment furnace to avoid accumulation and space occupation. The efficient connection of each link improves the overall processing efficiency.

[0043] The device boasts strong adaptability and precise control capabilities, capable of handling various types of dust and compositional fluctuations. The intelligent adaptive control system uses sensors to monitor VOCs and heavy metal concentrations in real time. The central controller automatically adjusts electrode current, argon mixing ratio, and baffle angle based on a fuzzy algorithm, achieving on-demand control and avoiding incomplete treatment issues caused by fixed parameters. Switchable pretreatment modules can be quickly replaced via quick-release interfaces. The low-temperature plasma unit specifically treats medical dust, while the alkali washing unit neutralizes acidic chemical dust. Pretreatment reduces the load on the electric furnace molten pool, ensuring stable subsequent plasma treatment and broadening the device's applicability.

[0044] The device balances economic efficiency and environmental friendliness, reducing operating costs and minimizing secondary pollution. The argon closed-loop recovery module recycles residual argon through separation and purification units, with purity monitoring ensuring the argon meets usage requirements, reducing argon loss and replenishment costs. The processed products are solid metal blocks and glass crystals, which are stable and easy to collect, preventing the escape of gaseous pollutants. A high-temperature resistant coating on the electric furnace molten pool extends the equipment's lifespan. The overall design improves processing efficiency while reducing energy consumption and the difficulty of subsequent product processing, achieving both economic and environmental benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a waste treatment device and method based on argon plasma according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions in the specific embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below.

[0047] This invention discloses a waste treatment device based on argon plasma, comprising:

[0048] The high-temperature pretreatment furnace is used to contain high-temperature waste and collect the dust generated by the high-temperature waste. The high-temperature pretreatment furnace is equipped with a transmission pipe at the top and an electric furnace melting pool at the bottom.

[0049] A pneumatic device, connected to a transmission pipe, contains argon gas and is used to transport dust generated in the high-temperature pretreatment furnace to the electric furnace molten pool via argon gas pneumatic conveying.

[0050] The pneumatic device includes an airflow regulating valve, which is linked to the transmission pipe. By controlling the argon gas delivery rate, the flow state of the dust in the transmission pipe is adjusted, thereby achieving flow control of the transmission pipe. In other words, the on / off function of the transmission pipe is indirectly controlled through the airflow regulating valve: when the airflow regulating valve is open and adjusted to the corresponding rate, the dust flows in the transmission pipe with the argon gas; when the airflow regulating valve is closed, the dust delivery in the transmission pipe stops.

[0051] The electric furnace molten pool is located below the high-temperature pretreatment furnace. A molten pool tube is installed at the bottom of the molten pool. The molten pool contains at least one set of graphite electrodes and at least one adjustable baffle. The graphite electrodes are used to ionize argon gas to generate argon plasma. The argon plasma can generate high temperatures to treat the dust transported to the molten pool. The adjustable baffle is set in the flow path of the dust entering the molten pool. It is used to adjust the dust flow cross-section by changing the opening angle of the baffle, thereby controlling the residence time of the dust in the molten pool. The molten pool also includes a central controller of an intelligent adaptive control system. The central controller is electrically connected to the adjustable baffle. The central controller receives dust composition data detected by the dust composition sensor and automatically adjusts the opening of the adjustable baffle through a built-in parameter matching algorithm to control the baffle opening. The molten pool tube has no dedicated control switch. The metal blocks and glass crystals generated after the dust is treated by high temperature plasma flow naturally into the collection tank through the molten pool tube by their own gravity.

[0052] The collection tank is connected to the molten pool pipe at the bottom of the electric furnace molten pool and is used to collect metal blocks and glass crystals generated after dust is treated by high temperature plasma.

[0053] The conveying pipe is connected to the high-temperature pretreatment furnace and the collection tank at both ends, respectively. It is used to transport the high-temperature waste in the high-temperature pretreatment furnace to the collection tank. The conveying pipe has no dedicated control switch. The high-temperature waste residue that has been fully released of dust in the high-temperature pretreatment furnace is naturally transported to the collection tank through the conveying pipe by its own gravity or the slight pressure difference in the high-temperature pretreatment furnace.

[0054] After high-temperature waste is fed into the high-temperature pretreatment furnace, the furnace simultaneously accommodates the waste and collects dust. Dust generated within the furnace is discharged through a top-mounted transfer pipe, while the bottom-connected electric furnace molten pool receives the waste for subsequent processing. A pneumatic device, connected to the transfer pipe, utilizes stored argon gas to power the pneumatic conveying of the dust discharged through the transfer pipe to the electric furnace molten pool below. When energized, the graphite electrodes within the molten pool ionize the argon gas, generating argon plasma. The high temperature of this plasma treats the dust entering the furnace. Simultaneously, adjustable baffles within the molten pool are positioned along the dust flow path. By changing the opening angle of the baffles, the dust flow cross-section is adjusted, thereby controlling the residence time of the dust within the molten pool. The resulting metal blocks and glass crystals enter a collection tank through a molten pool pipe at the bottom of the molten pool. The high-temperature waste from the pretreatment furnace is directly transported to the collection tank via a transfer pipe connecting both ends of the furnace, forming a complete processing flow.

[0055] The electric arc furnace melting pool is directly installed at the bottom of the high-temperature pretreatment furnace, reducing the distance of dust transportation and lowering the risk of dust leakage during transport. The pneumatic device is directly connected to the transmission pipe, eliminating the need for additional transfer structures to transport dust to the electric arc furnace melting pool and simplifying the transportation path. Simultaneously, the transmission pipe directly connects the high-temperature pretreatment furnace and the collection tank, enabling timely transport of high-temperature waste from the pretreatment furnace to the collection tank. This avoids the space occupation caused by the accumulation of high-temperature waste within the pretreatment furnace, ensuring efficient connection between each stage and improving overall processing efficiency.

[0056] The argon gas stored in the pneumatic device is not only used for dust conveying but also provides raw materials for plasma generation by the graphite electrodes in the electric furnace molten pool. This eliminates the need for an additional argon gas conveying structure, reducing the number of components in the device. The adjustable baffles in the electric furnace molten pool control the residence time by adjusting the dust flow cross-section. Combined with the high-temperature plasma generated by the graphite electrodes, the processing time can be flexibly adjusted according to dust treatment needs, ensuring more thorough dust treatment. The collection tank is directly connected to the molten pool pipe at the bottom of the electric furnace molten pool, allowing for rapid collection of the metal blocks and glass crystals generated after processing. This prevents product accumulation from affecting the normal operation of the electric furnace molten pool, further ensuring stable operation of the device.

[0057] To ensure more uniform dust ionization within the electric furnace molten pool, 3-4 groups of graphite electrodes can be installed, evenly distributed along the circumference of the inner wall of the molten pool. The angle between adjacent groups of electrodes should be controlled between 90 and 120 degrees. All electrodes should be synchronously energized, with the operating current maintained within the range of 800-1200A. Simultaneously, the initial opening angle of the adjustable baffle should be adjusted to 30 to 40 degrees, allowing the dust to flow circumferentially along the pool wall after entering the molten pool, sequentially passing through the ionization areas formed by each group of electrodes, thus preventing dust concentration near a single electrode. Furthermore, the ends of each group of graphite electrodes should be machined into a conical structure facing the dust flow direction, with a cone angle of 60 to 90 degrees. This structure disperses the electric field during electrode discharge, preventing the electric field from concentrating at a single point on the electrode, allowing for more uniform ionization of the dust as it flows through the ionization areas.

[0058] To determine whether the dust generated by high-temperature waste is nearing completion, one or two high-temperature resistant temperature sensors can be installed on the inner wall of the high-temperature pretreatment furnace near the high-temperature waste storage area to monitor the temperature changes of the waste inside the tank in real time. When the high-temperature waste is first put into the high-temperature pretreatment furnace, the initial temperature is typically between 800 and 1000 degrees Celsius. During the dust release process, the waste temperature will slowly decrease as heat is consumed and carried away by the dust, dropping approximately 50 to 80 degrees Celsius every 10 minutes. When the temperature sensors detect that the waste temperature stabilizes at 300 to 400 degrees Celsius, and this stable state lasts for 10 to 15 minutes, it can be preliminarily determined that the dust is nearing completion. Simultaneously, a pressure sensor can be added at the inlet of the transfer pipe. When a large amount of dust is released, the pressure inside the tank is maintained at 0.1 to 0.2 MPa; when the dust is nearing completion, the pressure will drop to 0.02 to 0.05 MPa and remain stable. Combining this with the temperature monitoring results can further improve the accuracy of the determination.

[0059] In one implementation, the working current range of the graphite electrode is 800-1200A, where the current corresponds to plasma temperature as follows: 800-1000A corresponds to 5000-10000℃, and 1000-1200A corresponds to 10000-15000℃. The graphite electrodes are set in two sets, symmetrically distributed on both sides inside the electric furnace molten pool. The two sets of graphite electrodes are energized simultaneously to form a stable argon plasma arc.

[0060] The pneumatic device includes an argon storage tank, an airflow regulating valve, and a delivery pipeline. The delivery pipeline is connected to the electric furnace molten pool. The airflow regulating valve is used to control the delivery rate of argon, so that the volume ratio of dust to argon is 1:3 to 1:5.

[0061] Two sets of graphite electrodes are symmetrically installed and fixed on both sides of the electric furnace molten pool, ensuring that the two sets of electrodes are positioned opposite each other and spaced evenly. The two sets of graphite electrodes are synchronously energized, with the energizing current controlled within the range of 800-1200A. When the current is maintained at 800-1000A, the temperature of the argon plasma generated by the ionization of argon gas reaches 5000-10000℃; when the current is adjusted to 1000-1200A, the plasma temperature rises to 10000-15000℃, and the two sets of electrodes work together to form a stable argon plasma arc. For the pneumatic device, argon gas is pre-stored in an argon gas storage tank. When in use, the outlet of the storage tank is opened, and the argon gas enters the gas flow regulating valve. The argon gas delivery rate is controlled by adjusting the opening of the gas flow regulating valve, and then the gas is delivered to the electric furnace molten pool through a delivery pipeline. There, it mixes with the dust delivered from the high-temperature pretreatment furnace, maintaining a stable dust-to-argon volume ratio within the range of 1:3-1:5, providing conditions for subsequent dust treatment.

[0062] Two sets of graphite electrodes are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the electric furnace molten pool. When energized simultaneously, they form a more balanced electric field, avoiding electric field shifts caused by single electrodes or asymmetrical distribution. This ensures the stability of the argon plasma arc, reduces arc swaying or breakage, and ensures that the dust remains continuously in a high-temperature plasma environment. Furthermore, the direct relationship between current and plasma temperature is clearly defined, allowing operators to control the plasma temperature by adjusting the electrode current without the need for additional complex temperature control components. When processing different types of dust, simply adjusting the current as required yields a suitable high-temperature environment, enhancing processing flexibility.

[0063] The pneumatic unit's airflow regulating valve controls the argon delivery rate. Combined with a fixed mixing ratio range, this ensures that each unit volume of dust is mixed with sufficient argon, avoiding waste due to excessive argon and preventing insufficient dust delivery or incomplete ionization due to insufficient argon. Furthermore, the delivery pipeline directly connects the pneumatic unit to the electric furnace molten pool, simplifying the argon-dust mixing path and reducing gas loss or leakage risks during delivery. Coupled with a stable plasma arc, this allows the dust to immediately contact the high-temperature plasma upon entering the electric furnace molten pool, ensuring the continuity and reliability of the processing flow.

[0064] As one implementation method, the inner wall of the electric furnace molten pool is provided with a high-temperature resistant coating, which is a corundum coating or a graphite coating, to prevent the inner wall of the electric furnace molten pool from being damaged by the high temperature of the plasma.

[0065] The collection tank is equipped with a cooling chamber that surrounds the inner wall of the collection tank, which is used to rapidly cool and shape the metal blocks and glass crystals that enter the collection tank.

[0066] A high-temperature resistant coating is uniformly applied to the inner wall surface of the electric furnace molten pool. The coating material is either corundum or graphite, ensuring complete coverage of all areas of the inner wall, especially the parts directly in contact with the argon plasma. For the collection tank, cooling chambers are installed extending circumferentially and axially along its inner wall. These cooling chambers form a surrounding structure, their paths covering the main areas of the collection tank's inner wall. When the metal blocks and glass crystals generated in the molten pool enter the collection tank through the molten pool tube, the cooling chambers can directly contact these products, providing a cooling effect.

[0067] The argon plasma temperature inside the electric arc furnace (EAF) molten pool can reach up to 15,000℃, which can easily cause erosion or deformation of the inner wall of the EAF molten pool. By coating the inner wall of the EAF molten pool with corundum or graphite coatings, both of which possess excellent high-temperature resistance, the EAF molten pool can directly withstand the high temperature of the plasma, isolating the high temperature from direct contact with the EAF molten pool body and preventing damage to the inner wall due to high temperatures. At the same time, the stable physicochemical properties of the coatings can reduce losses at high temperatures, extend the overall service life of the EAF molten pool, and ensure the stable operation of the EAF molten pool during dust treatment.

[0068] The cooling chamber surrounding the inner wall of the collection tank allows for ample contact area between the metal blocks and glass crystals entering the tank and the cooling chamber. Compared to non-surround cooling structures, the surround design ensures that the product is in full contact with the cooling chamber from the moment it enters the collection tank, rapidly removing heat and achieving rapid cooling and shaping of the metal blocks and glass crystals. This prevents the product from sticking together due to excessive temperature or deforming when accumulating in the collection tank, ensuring the product maintains a stable shape and facilitating subsequent product collection. It also prevents product adhesion from affecting the subsequent use of the collection tank, ensuring the smoothness of the overall processing flow.

[0069] As one implementation, the waste treatment device further includes an argon closed-loop recovery module, which includes:

[0070] An argon separation unit is located at the top of the collection tank and connected to the collection tank. It is used to separate the unionized argon gas remaining after the dust has been treated by plasma. The argon separation unit is a membrane separation device or a low-temperature adsorption device.

[0071] The argon purification unit, connected to the argon separation unit, includes a precision filter and a dryer, used to remove HCl and dust impurities from the recovered argon, ensuring an argon purity of ≥99.9%.

[0072] The return pipeline is connected at both ends to the argon storage tank of the argon purification unit and the pneumatic device, respectively, and is used to send the purified argon back to the argon storage tank to form a cycle.

[0073] A purity monitoring sensor is installed on the return pipeline to monitor the purity of the recovered argon in real time and adjust the purification intensity of the argon purification unit.

[0074] An argon separation unit is installed on top of the collection tank, connecting it to the tank's interior. A membrane separation device or a cryogenic adsorption device is used. After the dust is treated with plasma, the unionized argon remaining in the collection tank enters the argon separation unit, where it is separated from the mixed gas. The separated argon then enters a connected argon purification unit, where it first passes through a precision filter to remove dust impurities, and then through a dryer to remove moisture and HCl, achieving an argon purity of 99.9% or higher. A return pipeline connects the argon purification unit to the argon storage tank of the pneumatic device, allowing the purified argon to be returned to the storage tank, thus creating a argon recycling system. Simultaneously, a purity monitoring sensor is installed on the return pipeline. This sensor monitors the purity of the recovered argon flowing through the pipeline in real time. If the purity is below standard, the purification intensity of the argon purification unit is automatically adjusted to ensure the recovered argon meets usage requirements.

[0075] The pneumatic unit requires a continuous supply of argon gas to transport dust and provide ionization feedstock for the electric furnace molten pool. Using argon only once would result in significant waste. The argon closed-loop recovery module separates and purifies residual argon after processing, returning it to the argon storage tank for reuse in the pneumatic unit. This eliminates the need for frequent replenishment of argon, significantly reducing consumption. Furthermore, the recovery process does not rely on external recovery equipment; the module's components connect directly to the collection tank and pneumatic unit, integrating seamlessly into the existing processing flow. This avoids the need for a separate recovery system, further reducing the overall operating cost of the unit.

[0076] A purity monitoring sensor monitors the purity of the recovered argon gas in real time and can adjust the intensity of the purification unit to ensure that the purity of the recovered argon gas remains stable at 99.9% or higher. This purity meets the requirements for plasma generation by the graphite electrodes in the electric furnace molten pool. Pure argon gas will not be affected by impurities, thus avoiding unstable electrode discharge or plasma arc breakage caused by impurities and ensuring the continuity of dust treatment. At the same time, the HCl and dust impurities removed by the purification unit can also prevent them from entering the pneumatic device or electric furnace molten pool with the argon gas circulation, avoiding corrosion or blockage of components such as conveying pipes and electrodes, extending the service life of each component, and maintaining stable operation of the equipment.

[0077] In one implementation, the membrane separation device of the argon separation unit uses a hollow fiber membrane with a pore size of 0.1-0.5 μm and an operating pressure of 0.2-0.4 MPa;

[0078] The precision filter element of the argon purification unit is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, with a filtration accuracy of ≤0.1μm; the dew point of the dryer is controlled between -40℃ and -60℃.

[0079] In the membrane separation unit of the argon separation unit, a hollow fiber membrane with a pore size of 0.1-0.5 μm is used as the core separation component. During assembly, it is ensured that the hollow fiber membrane is evenly distributed inside the device to form a complete separation channel. During operation, the operating pressure of the membrane separation unit is controlled at 0.2-0.4 MPa, allowing the residual argon mixture at the top of the collection tank to pass through the hollow fiber membrane. The selective permeability of the membrane is used to separate argon from other gases, ensuring good argon separation efficiency. In the argon purification unit, a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter element is installed in a precision filter, ensuring that the filter element's filtration accuracy is controlled at 0.1 μm or below, to intercept dust impurities in the argon. Simultaneously, the dew point of the dryer is adjusted to -40℃ to -60℃, allowing the filtered argon to enter the dryer to remove moisture and HCl, ultimately meeting the argon purity requirements.

[0080] Argon closed-loop recovery requires ensuring sufficient recovery volume and purity to support recycling. The hollow fiber membrane, with its pore size of 0.1-0.5 μm and operating pressure of 0.2-0.4 MPa, achieves high argon separation efficiency, recovering more argon from the mixed gas, reducing argon loss, and providing ample feedstock for subsequent cycles. Simultaneously, the PTFE filter element, with a filtration precision of ≤0.1 μm, intercepts fine dust particles, while the dryer's low dew point of -40℃ to -60℃ effectively removes moisture and HCl. The synergistic effect of these two components ensures a stable argon purity of 99.9% or higher, meeting the purity requirements for argon ionization by the graphite electrodes in the electric furnace molten pool and preventing impurities from affecting plasma arc stability.

[0081] Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material possesses excellent corrosion resistance, enabling it to withstand corrosive substances such as HCl that may be present in the recovered argon gas. This prevents filter element failure due to corrosion, extends the service life of the precision filter, and reduces the frequency of component replacement. The dryer's low dew point setting thoroughly removes moisture from the argon gas, preventing condensation during subsequent transport and avoiding corrosion of the return pipeline, argon storage tank, or pneumatic device. It also prevents moisture from entering the electric furnace molten pool and affecting the argon ionization effect. Furthermore, clearly defined parameters for membrane pore size, operating pressure, filtration accuracy, and dew point ensure controllable operation of each component, reducing recovery failures caused by parameter fluctuations and guaranteeing the continuous and stable operation of the argon closed-loop recovery module.

[0082] As one implementation method, the waste treatment device also includes an intelligent adaptive control system, which includes:

[0083] A dust composition sensor, located at the inlet of the transmission tube, includes a PID sensor and an X-ray fluorescence sensor, which are used to detect the VOCs content and heavy metal content of organic matter in the dust, respectively.

[0084] The central controller is electrically connected to the dust composition sensor and has a built-in parameter matching algorithm. The central controller is electrically connected to the airflow regulating valve of the pneumatic device, the power supply of the graphite electrode, and the adjustable baffle of the electric furnace melting pool.

[0085] When the VOCs concentration increases, the central controller automatically increases the graphite electrode current to a higher value in the range of 800-1200A through an algorithm, adjusts the airflow regulating valve to increase the volume ratio of dust to argon to a higher value in the range of 1:3-1:5, and adjusts the adjustable baffle to extend the residence time of dust in the electric furnace molten pool to a longer value in the range of 0.5-5 seconds.

[0086] When the heavy metal content increases, the graphite electrode is automatically adjusted to raise the argon plasma temperature to a higher value within the range of 5000-15000℃.

[0087] A dust composition sensor is installed at the inlet of the transmission pipe. This sensor includes a PID sensor that detects the VOCs concentration in the dust in real time, and an X-ray fluorescence sensor that simultaneously detects the heavy metal content in the dust. Both sensors transmit the detected data to a central controller that is electrically connected to them in real time. The central controller has a built-in parameter matching algorithm. After receiving the data, it automatically analyzes and judges the data, and establishes electrical connections with the airflow regulating valve of the pneumatic device, the power supply of the graphite electrode, and the adjustable baffle of the electric furnace melting pool to transmit control commands. When an increase in VOCs concentration is detected, the central controller, after calculation by an algorithm, sends a command to the graphite electrode power supply to increase its current to a higher value within the range of 800-1200A, and sends a command to the airflow regulating valve to adjust the argon delivery rate, so that the mixing ratio of dust and argon is increased to a higher value within the range of 1:3-1:5. At the same time, it sends a command to the adjustable baffle to adjust its opening and closing angle, so that the residence time of dust in the electric furnace molten pool is extended to a longer value within the range of 0.5-5 seconds. When an increase in heavy metal content is detected, the central controller directly sends a command to the graphite electrode power supply to regulate the electrode current so that the argon plasma temperature is increased to a higher value within the range of 5000-15000℃.

[0088] The effectiveness of plasma treatment within the electric furnace molten pool depends on parameters such as current, mixing ratio, and residence time, and different dust compositions require different treatment conditions. By using dust composition sensors to capture real-time changes in VOCs concentration and heavy metal content, the central controller can adjust parameters accordingly. When VOCs concentration is high, the current is increased to enhance plasma energy, the argon ratio is increased to optimize the reaction environment, and the residence time is extended to ensure complete decomposition. When heavy metal content is high, the plasma temperature is increased to promote the melting and solidification of heavy metals. This "on-demand control" approach avoids the problem of incomplete dust treatment under fixed parameters. For example, it eliminates the need to maintain a high current when VOCs concentration is low, or a high temperature when heavy metal content is low, ensuring that each dust composition is effectively treated under suitable conditions.

[0089] The central controller directly links the airflow regulating valve, graphite electrode power supply, and adjustable baffle, eliminating the need for manual adjustment of component parameters and reducing the lag and error associated with manual operation. For example, when the VOCs concentration in the dust suddenly increases, the sensor captures the data, and the central controller instantly calculates parameters and sends commands. The airflow regulating valve, electrode power supply, and baffle respond synchronously, preventing a decline in dust treatment efficiency due to untimely manual adjustments. Simultaneously, the built-in parameter matching algorithm regulates based on a defined parameter range, ensuring it does not exceed reasonable limits. This guarantees a stable graphite electrode plasma arc, smooth argon gas delivery, and controllable residence time, preventing device malfunctions due to parameter instability and ensuring the continuous and stable operation of the entire dust treatment process.

[0090] The parameter matching algorithm built into the central controller of this invention can directly adopt the mature multi-parameter adaptive matching algorithm based on fuzzy control in existing technology. This algorithm has been widely used in the field of industrial dust treatment and environmental protection equipment parameter control. It only needs to be adapted to the parameter range of this invention for use. It uses the VOCs concentration (0-1000mg / m³) detected by the dust composition sensor. 3 Divided into three fuzzy linguistic variables: low, medium, and high, and heavy metal content (0-100 mg / m³). 3 The algorithm uses the following inputs: graphite electrode current (800-1200A, categorized into low, medium, and high fuzzy linguistic variables), dust-argon mixing ratio (1:3-1:5, categorized into low, medium, and high fuzzy linguistic variables), and adjustable baffle opening angle (corresponding to dwell time of 0.5-5 seconds, categorized into large, medium, and small fuzzy linguistic variables). By establishing a fuzzy rule base covering all input combinations, and following the existing technical standard process of input fuzzification, fuzzy inference, and defuzzification, the sensor detection values ​​are converted into specific control commands and sent to the airflow regulating valve, graphite electrode power supply, and adjustable baffle. This algorithm has high technical maturity, can fully match the regulatory requirements of this invention for VOCs and heavy metal concentration changes, and has low implementation cost.

[0091] In one implementation, the waste treatment device also includes a switchable pretreatment module. The pretreatment module is connected to the front end of the transmission pipe via a quick-release interface, which is a flange-type interface with a sealing gasket. It is quickly tightened or loosened using bolts. The pretreatment module includes:

[0092] The low-temperature plasma pretreatment unit is used to treat medical waste dust. The unit is equipped with a low-temperature plasma generator with an operating temperature of 800-1200℃, which is used to kill pathogenic microorganisms and break down macromolecular organic solvents.

[0093] The alkaline washing pretreatment unit is used to treat chemical hazardous waste dust. The unit is equipped with a NaOH solution spraying device to neutralize acidic gases such as SO2 and NOx in the dust.

[0094] The pretreatment module is connected to the front end of the transmission pipe via a quick-release interface. This quick-release interface uses a flange structure with a sealing gasket. During connection, align the module flange with the transmission pipe flange, insert the sealing gasket, and quickly tighten the bolts to secure it, achieving a sealed connection between the pretreatment module and the transmission pipe. Disassembly is simple; just loosen the bolts to separate the module from the transmission pipe. The pretreatment module contains two functional units: When treating medical waste dust, the low-temperature plasma pretreatment unit is activated. The low-temperature plasma generator within the unit is started, and its operating temperature is controlled at 800-1200℃. As the medical waste dust passes through this unit, the plasma generated by the generator kills pathogenic microorganisms in the dust and breaks down large molecular organic solvents. When treating chemical hazardous waste dust, the system switches to the alkaline washing pretreatment unit. The NaOH solution spraying device within the unit is activated, spraying NaOH solution into the dust to neutralize acidic gases such as SO2 and NOx. After pretreatment, the dust then enters the subsequent processing stage through the transmission pipe.

[0095] The flange-type quick-release interface with sealing gaskets allows for rapid installation and removal of the pretreatment module without complex tools or modifications. Simply tightening and loosening bolts enables quick assembly and disassembly. When handling different types of dust, such as medical waste dust or hazardous chemical waste dust, the corresponding pretreatment unit can be quickly switched without altering the main structure of the transfer pipe, significantly reducing switchover time and improving the device's adaptability to different dust types. Simultaneously, the flange-type interface with sealing gaskets effectively prevents dust leakage at the connection point between the pretreatment module and the transfer pipe, preventing untreated harmful dust from escaping to the outside environment, ensuring a safe operating environment, and ensuring that all dust enters the pretreatment unit for processing.

[0096] The subsequent electric arc furnace (EAF) primarily treats dust using argon plasma. If the dust contains pathogenic microorganisms, large-molecule organic solvents, or acidic gases, it may increase the processing load on the EAF and even affect the stability of the plasma arc. The low-temperature plasma pretreatment unit, specifically designed for medical waste dust, kills pathogenic microorganisms and breaks down large molecules, preventing these substances from consuming excessive plasma energy upon entering the EAF. The alkaline washing pretreatment unit specifically neutralizes acidic gases in chemical hazardous waste dust, preventing corrosion of the high-temperature resistant coating on the inner wall of the EAF or affecting the purity of the argon gas. Through targeted pretreatment, the composition of the dust entering subsequent stages is simplified, reducing the processing pressure on the EAF and ensuring the efficiency and stability of subsequent plasma treatment.

[0097] In one implementation, the plasma generator power of the low-temperature plasma pretreatment unit is 5-15kW, and the residence time of dust in the unit is 0.3-0.8 seconds;

[0098] The concentration of NaOH solution in the alkaline washing pretreatment unit is 5%-10%, and the ratio of spray flow rate to dust flow rate is 1:8-1:12.

[0099] In the low-temperature plasma pretreatment unit, the power of the plasma generator is adjusted to 5-15kW. By controlling the flow rate of dust entering the unit, the residence time of the dust in the unit is maintained at 0.3-0.8 seconds, ensuring that the medical waste dust can fully contact the plasma generated by the generator as it flows through the unit. In the alkaline washing pretreatment unit, a 5%-10% NaOH solution is prepared and stored in the liquid storage structure of the spray device. By adjusting the pump power of the spray device, the spray flow rate of the NaOH solution is controlled, maintaining the ratio of spray flow rate to dust flow rate entering the unit at 1:8-1:12. This ensures that the chemical hazardous waste dust fully contacts the sprayed NaOH solution before entering the transmission pipe.

[0100] The low-temperature plasma pretreatment unit needs to kill pathogenic microorganisms in medical waste dust and break down large-molecule organic solvents. Controlling the generator power to 5-15kW can produce sufficient plasma energy. Combined with a residence time of 0.3-0.8 seconds, this ensures that pathogenic microorganisms are thoroughly killed in the high-temperature plasma environment, while also allowing large-molecule organic solvents to be fully broken down into smaller molecules. This avoids incomplete pretreatment due to insufficient power or too short a residence time, thereby reducing the processing burden on the subsequent argon plasma in the electric furnace molten pool and ensuring overall dust treatment efficiency.

[0101] In the alkaline washing pretreatment unit, a 5%-10% NaOH solution concentration effectively neutralizes acidic gases such as SO2 and NOx in the dust. This avoids incomplete neutralization due to too low a concentration, while also preventing NaOH waste due to too high a concentration. The spray flow rate to dust flow rate ratio of 1:8 to 1:12 ensures that each unit volume of dust comes into contact with sufficient NaOH solution, guaranteeing thorough neutralization of the acidic gases and preventing unneutralized acidic gases from entering the subsequent electric furnace molten pool. This would avoid corroding the high-temperature resistant coating on the inner wall of the electric furnace molten pool or affecting the purity of the argon gas. Simultaneously, this reasonable ratio setting reduces solution consumption, lowers the operating costs of the pretreatment stage, and synergizes with the closed-loop argon gas recovery, improving the overall economic efficiency of the unit.

[0102] This invention discloses a waste treatment method based on argon plasma, which includes the following steps:

[0103] S1: High-temperature waste is put into a high-temperature pretreatment furnace. The high-temperature waste generates dust in the high-temperature pretreatment furnace. Some of the high-temperature waste residue that has fully released dust enters the collection tank directly through the conveying pipe.

[0104] S2: Start the pneumatic device, which releases argon gas. The dust transmitted from the top of the high-temperature pretreatment furnace through the argon gas pneumatic conveying system is transported to the electric furnace molten pool below the high-temperature pretreatment furnace.

[0105] S3: Power is applied to the graphite electrode in the electric furnace molten pool, with the current controlled at 800-1200A. The current corresponds to the plasma temperature as follows: 800-1000A corresponds to 5000-10000℃, and 1000-1200A corresponds to 10000-15000℃. The graphite electrode ionizes argon gas to generate argon plasma, which generates high temperature that acts on the dust in the electric furnace molten pool.

[0106] S4: Dust reacts under the high temperature of plasma to generate metal blocks and glass crystals, which enter the collection tank through the molten pool pipe at the bottom of the electric furnace molten pool;

[0107] S5: The collection tank collects metal blocks and glass crystals, completing the dust treatment.

[0108] When implementing this waste treatment method, step S1 is first performed, in which high-temperature waste is put into a high-temperature pretreatment furnace. The high-temperature waste naturally releases dust within the furnace, while some of the high-temperature waste residue, having already released sufficient dust, directly enters the collection tank through a conveying pipe connecting the high-temperature pretreatment furnace and the collection tank. Next, step S2 is performed, in which a pneumatic device is activated to release stored argon gas. Utilizing the pneumatic conveying effect of the argon gas, the dust discharged from the top conveying pipe of the high-temperature pretreatment furnace is stably transported to the electric furnace molten pool located below the furnace. Then, step S3 is performed, in which the graphite electrodes in the electric furnace molten pool are energized, with the current controlled at 800-1200A. Here, 800-1000A corresponds to a plasma temperature of 5000-10000℃, and 1000-1200A corresponds to 10000-15000℃. The electrodes ionize the argon gas to generate argon plasma, and the resulting high temperature directly acts on the dust in the electric furnace molten pool. In step S4, the dust reacts under the high temperature of the plasma to generate metal blocks and glass crystals. These products enter the collection tank through the molten pool tube at the bottom of the electric furnace molten pool. Finally, in step S5, the collection tank collects the metal blocks and glass crystals, completing the entire dust treatment process.

[0109] The high-temperature pretreatment furnace ensures centralized collection of high-temperature waste dust. Argon gas delivery from the pneumatic device directly connects the high-temperature pretreatment furnace to the electric furnace molten pool, preventing dust leakage. The current control of the graphite electrodes within the electric furnace molten pool corresponds to the plasma temperature, providing a suitable high-temperature environment based on dust treatment requirements. This ensures that the dust fully reacts under the action of high-temperature plasma to generate metal blocks and glass crystals. This synergy between steps and structure makes the entire treatment process seamless, avoiding process breaks or operational redundancy, and improving processing efficiency.

[0110] In the method, step S1 clearly states that the high-temperature waste residue, after sufficient dust release, is transferred to a collection tank via a conveying pipe. This prevents the residue from accumulating in the high-temperature pretreatment furnace, affecting dust release and collection, and ensuring the continuous and efficient operation of the high-temperature pretreatment furnace. Steps S4 and S5, on the other hand, guide the products after dust treatment to the collection tank for centralized collection via a molten pool pipe, achieving simultaneous progress in dust treatment, residue transfer, and product collection. This ensures that the dust is fully treated in the electric furnace molten pool while avoiding disorderly accumulation of residue and products that could interfere with the operation of the equipment. This makes the entire process orderly and controllable, achieving effective dust treatment and reasonable collection of by-products.

[0111] In one implementation method, in step S2, the pressure of the argon gas delivered by the pneumatic device is 0.3-0.5 MPa, so that the dust can be stably delivered to the electric furnace molten pool without backflow.

[0112] In step S3, the temperature range of the argon plasma is 5000-15000℃, and the residence time of the dust in the electric furnace molten pool is 0.5-5 seconds to ensure that the dust reacts fully.

[0113] In step S4, organic pollutants in the dust decompose into CO2, H2O and HCl under the high temperature of plasma. Heavy metal components melt with some inorganic particles to form metal blocks, while the remaining inorganic particles melt and cool to form glass crystals.

[0114] In executing this method, in step S2, the output pressure of the pneumatic device is adjusted to stabilize the argon delivery pressure at 0.3-0.5 MPa. This pressure is used to propel the dust along the delivery pipe towards the electric furnace molten pool, while simultaneously counteracting any back pressure that may arise within the electric furnace molten pool, ensuring that the dust is stably delivered to the electric furnace molten pool without backflow. In step S3, the argon plasma temperature is maintained at 5000-15000℃ by controlling the current of the graphite electrode within the electric furnace molten pool. Simultaneously, the adjustable baffle within the electric furnace molten pool is adjusted to change the dust flow cross-section, controlling the dust residence time within the electric furnace molten pool to 0.5-5 seconds, providing sufficient time for the dust to fully react. In step S4, under the high temperature of plasma, the organic pollutants in the dust undergo a decomposition reaction, transforming into CO2, H2O and HCl; the heavy metal components and inorganic particles in the dust melt at high temperature, and after cooling, the heavy metals and some inorganic particles form metal blocks, while the remaining inorganic particles melt and cool to form glass crystals. The two types of products then enter the collection tank through the molten pool tube.

[0115] In step S2, the argon gas delivery pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa provides sufficient power for dust transport and effectively prevents dust backflow due to pressure fluctuations in the electric furnace molten pool, avoiding leakage of untreated dust or mixing with treated gas, thus ensuring the continuity of the processing flow. In step S3, the combination of a plasma temperature of 5000-15000℃ and a residence time of 0.5-5 seconds provides the energy basis for the reaction of various pollutants in the dust, while the sufficient residence time ensures the complete decomposition of organic pollutants and the complete melting of heavy metals and inorganic particles, preventing pollutant residue due to incomplete reactions and improving the thoroughness of dust treatment.

[0116] Step S4 clarifies the product types after dust treatment: organic pollutants decompose into CO2, H2O, and HCl, while heavy metals and inorganic particles form solid metal blocks and glass crystals. The solid products are stable and flow directly into the collection tank through the molten pool pipe, matching the tank's function and facilitating subsequent centralized collection, transportation, or reuse. Compared to gaseous or liquid products, metal blocks and glass crystals pose no leakage risk and require no additional complex processing equipment, reducing the difficulty and cost of subsequent product treatment and minimizing the possibility of secondary pollution.

[0117] It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An argon plasma based waste treatment apparatus, characterized in that, The application relates to an argon plasma-based waste treatment device. The device comprises a high-temperature pretreatment furnace for accommodating high-temperature waste and collecting dust generated by the high-temperature waste, wherein the top of the high-temperature pretreatment furnace is provided with a conveying pipe, and the bottom of the high-temperature pretreatment furnace is provided with an electric furnace pool; a pneumatic device is in communication with the conveying pipe, and the pneumatic device stores argon therein and is used for conveying the dust generated by the high-temperature pretreatment furnace to the electric furnace pool through argon pneumatic conveying; the electric furnace pool is arranged below the high-temperature pretreatment furnace, the bottom of the electric furnace pool is provided with a pool pipe, at least one group of graphite electrodes and at least one adjustable baffle are arranged in the electric furnace pool, the graphite electrodes are used for ionizing argon to generate argon plasma, the argon plasma can generate high temperature to treat the dust conveyed into the electric furnace pool, and the adjustable baffle is arranged on a flow path of the dust into the electric furnace pool and is used for adjusting a flow cross section of the dust by changing an opening angle of the baffle, so as to control a residence time of the dust in the electric furnace pool; a collecting tank is in communication with the pool pipe at the bottom of the electric furnace pool and is used for collecting metal blocks and glass crystals generated by the dust after high-temperature treatment by the plasma; and a conveying pipe is connected with the high-temperature pretreatment furnace and the collecting tank at two ends respectively and is used for conveying the high-temperature waste in the high-temperature pretreatment furnace to the collecting tank.

2. The argon plasma-based waste treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the working current range of the graphite electrodes is 800-1200 A, wherein the current and the plasma temperature correspond to 800-1000 A corresponding to 5000-10000 DEG C, 1000-1200 A corresponding to 10000-15000 DEG C, the graphite electrodes are arranged in two groups and are symmetrically distributed on the two sides of the electric furnace pool, and the two groups of graphite electrodes are synchronously electrified to form a stable argon plasma arc; the pneumatic device comprises an argon storage tank, a gas flow adjusting valve and a conveying pipeline, the conveying pipeline is communicated to the electric furnace pool, and the gas flow adjusting valve is used for controlling the conveying rate of the argon, so that the volume ratio mixing ratio of the dust and the argon is 1:3-1:

5.

3. The argon plasma-based waste treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the electric furnace pool is provided with a high-temperature-resistant coating, the high-temperature-resistant coating is a corundum coating or a graphite coating, and the high-temperature-resistant coating is used for preventing the inner wall of the electric furnace pool from being damaged by the high temperature of the plasma; and the collecting tank is provided with a cooling cavity, the cooling cavity is arranged around the inner wall of the collecting tank and is used for rapidly cooling and shaping the metal blocks and the glass crystals entering the collecting tank.

4. The argon plasma-based waste treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the waste treatment device further comprises an argon closed-loop recovery module, and the argon closed-loop recovery module comprises: an argon separation unit arranged on the top of the collecting tank and communicated to the collecting tank, the argon separation unit is used for separating the argon not participating in ionization remaining after the dust is treated by the plasma, and the argon separation unit is a membrane separation device or a low-temperature adsorption device; an argon purification unit in communication with the argon separation unit, the argon purification unit comprises a precision filter and a dryer and is used for removing HCl gas and dust impurities in the recovered argon, so that the purity of the argon is greater than or equal to 99.9%; and a reflux pipeline connected with the argon purification unit and the argon storage tank of the pneumatic device at two ends and used for sending the purified argon back to the argon storage tank to form a cycle. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ A purity monitoring sensor is arranged on the return pipeline to monitor the purity of the recovered argon in real time and regulate the purification intensity of the argon purification unit.

5. The waste treatment device based on argon plasma according to claim 4, characterized in that: The membrane separation device of the argon separation unit adopts a hollow fiber membrane, the membrane pore size is 0.1-0.5 μm, and the operating pressure is 0.2-0.4 MPa; The precision filter cartridge of the argon purification unit is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and the filtration accuracy is ≤0.1 μm; and the dew point of the dryer is controlled at -40-60 °C.

6. The waste treatment device based on argon plasma according to claim 2, characterized in that: The waste treatment device further comprises an intelligent adaptive control system, and the intelligent control system comprises: A dust component sensor is arranged at the inlet of the transmission pipe and comprises a PID sensor and an X-ray fluorescence sensor, which are respectively used to detect the VOCs content and heavy metal content of the organic matter in the dust; A central controller is electrically connected with the dust component sensor and is provided with a parameter matching algorithm, and the central controller is electrically connected with the airflow regulating valve of the pneumatic device, the power supply of the graphite electrode, and the adjustable baffle of the electric furnace pool; When the VOCs concentration increases, the central controller automatically increases the graphite electrode current to a higher value in the range of 800-1200 A, adjusts the dust and argon volume ratio mixing ratio to a higher value in the range of 1:3-1:5, and adjusts the adjustable baffle to prolong the dust residence time in the electric furnace pool to a longer value in the range of 0.5-5 seconds; When the heavy metal content increases, the graphite electrode is automatically controlled to increase the argon plasma temperature to a higher value in the range of 5000-15000 °C.

7. The waste treatment device based on argon plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waste treatment device further comprises a switchable pretreatment module, the pretreatment module is connected to the front end of the transmission pipe through a quick release interface, the quick release interface is a flange type interface with a sealing washer, and the pretreatment module is quickly locked or disassembled through a bolt, and the pretreatment module comprises: A low-temperature plasma pretreatment unit is used for treating medical waste dust, and a low-temperature plasma generator is arranged in the unit, and the working temperature is 800-1200 °C, which is used for killing pathogenic microorganisms and cracking macromolecular organic solvents; An alkali washing pretreatment unit is used for treating chemical hazardous waste dust, and a NaOH solution spraying device is arranged in the unit, which is used for neutralizing acidic gas in the dust.

8. The waste treatment device based on argon plasma according to claim 7, characterized in that: The power of the plasma generator of the low-temperature plasma pretreatment unit is 5-15 kW, and the dust residence time in the unit is 0.3-0.8 seconds; The concentration of the NaOH solution of the alkali washing pretreatment unit is 5%-10%, and the ratio of the spraying flow to the dust flow is 1:8-1:

12.

9. A method of waste treatment based on argon plasma, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1: high-temperature waste is put into a high-temperature pretreatment furnace, the high-temperature waste generates dust in the high-temperature pretreatment furnace, and part of the high-temperature waste residues that have fully released dust directly enter a collection tank through a conveying pipe; S2: start the pneumatic device, the pneumatic device releases argon, and the dust discharged from the high-temperature pretreatment furnace top transmission pipe is transported to the electric furnace bath below the high-temperature pretreatment furnace by pneumatic transportation of argon; S3: the graphite electrode in the electric furnace bath is powered, and the current is controlled to be 800-1200A, wherein the current and the plasma temperature correspond to 800-1000A corresponding to 5000-10000℃, and 1000-1200A corresponding to 10000-15000℃, the graphite electrode ionizes argon to generate argon plasma, and the argon plasma generates high temperature to act on the dust in the electric furnace bath; S4: the dust reacts under the high temperature of the plasma to generate metal blocks and glass crystals, and the metal blocks and glass crystals enter the collection tank through the bath pipe at the bottom of the electric furnace bath; S5: the collection tank collects the metal blocks and glass crystals to complete the dust treatment.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step S2, the pressure of the pneumatic device transporting argon is 0.3-0.5MPa, so that the dust can be stably transported to the electric furnace bath without backflow.

11. In step S3, the temperature of the argon plasma is 5000-15000℃, and the residence time of the dust in the electric furnace bath is 0.5-5 seconds, which ensures sufficient reaction of the dust; In step S4, the organic pollutants in the dust are decomposed into CO2, H2O and HCl under the high temperature of the plasma, the heavy metal components and part of the inorganic particulate matter are melted to form metal blocks, and the remaining inorganic particulate matter is melted and cooled to form glass crystals.

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