Vehicle-mounted antenna and vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted antenna and a vehicle, the vehicle-mounted antenna comprises a dielectric substrate and a plurality of radiation patches, the dielectric substrate forms an open cavity region, the plurality of radiation patches are attached to the top surface of the dielectric substrate and are arranged in a central symmetry manner, the radiation patches are of an arc-shaped strip structure, and the projection along the thickness direction of the dielectric substrate is in an arc-shaped strip shape. The open cavity region surrounds the plurality of radiating patches. According to the vehicle-mounted antenna and the vehicle, stable circular polarization is achieved, meanwhile, the antenna is integrally converted into a small-size, low-profile and light-weight flat structure form, in addition, the gain of the antenna in the main beam direction can be remarkably enhanced, common-mode interference and cross polarization components can be effectively restrained, and the stability of the antenna is improved. The antenna can realize stable millimeter wave signal transmission and reception with a high signal-to-noise ratio in a complex vehicle-mounted environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vehicle-mounted communication equipment technology, and in particular to a vehicle-mounted antenna and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of vehicle-mounted millimeter-wave radar and satellite communication, traditional technologies generally use circularly polarized horn antennas based on metal waveguide cavities. Although they can achieve high gain and wide bandwidth coverage, they are large in size, high in profile and heavy, which seriously restricts their integration and concealment in the limited space of a vehicle. At the same time, the precision machining process leads to high manufacturing costs, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale mass production for automotive applications. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes a vehicle-mounted antenna that achieves stable circular polarization while converting the antenna as a whole into a flat structure with small volume, low profile, and lightweight. In addition, it can significantly enhance the gain in the main beam direction of the antenna, while effectively suppressing common-mode interference and cross-polarization components.

[0004] The present invention also proposes a vehicle.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a vehicle-mounted antenna includes a dielectric substrate and a plurality of radiating patches. The dielectric substrate has an open cavity region. The plurality of radiating patches are attached to the top surface of the dielectric substrate and are arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner. The radiating patches have an arcuate strip structure. The open cavity region surrounds the plurality of radiating patches when projected along the thickness direction of the dielectric substrate.

[0006] The vehicle-mounted antenna according to embodiments of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: This invention employs a structure where radiating patches are bonded to a dielectric substrate and an open area surrounds the radiating patches. This achieves stable circular polarization while transforming the entire antenna into a small, low-profile, and lightweight flat structure, significantly improving the convenience and concealment of automotive integration and substantially reducing manufacturing material and processing costs. Furthermore, the centrally symmetrical arrangement of multiple radiating patches and their arc-shaped strip structure ensures consistency in excitation amplitude and phase among the patches. The circularly polarized waves generated by each patch are superimposed in phase in the far field, resulting in a significant enhancement of gain in the main beam direction. Simultaneously, it effectively suppresses common-mode interference and cross-polarization components, maintaining good axial ratio bandwidth and impedance matching characteristics even under high-gain conditions. This enables the antenna to achieve stable, high signal-to-noise ratio millimeter-wave signal transmission and reception in complex automotive environments.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the radiating patch has an elliptical ring structure, and the eccentricity of the inner peripheral wall of the radiating patch is... Satisfying: 0.5≤ ≤0.7, the eccentricity of the outer peripheral wall of the radiation patch is Satisfying: 0.5≤ ≤0.7.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the radiating patch has an elliptical ring structure, and the plurality of radiating patches are divided into two groups and arranged along a first direction. Each group includes two radiating patches arranged along a second direction. The major axis of the radiating patch extends along the second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction and also perpendicular to the thickness direction.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the radiating patch has notches at both ends along the second direction, the two notches are located on both sides of the long axis of the radiating patch, and the widths of the two notches are different.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the width dimension of the notch at the far end of the two radial patches in the same group is... Satisfying: 0.45mm ≤ ≤0.55mm, the width of the notch at the closest end of two radiation patches in the same group is Satisfying: 0.25mm≤ ≤0.35mm.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the oral cavity region is provided with a plurality of metallized vias, the metallized vias penetrating the dielectric substrate along the thickness direction, and the vehicle antenna further includes a surrounding patch, the surrounding patch being attached to the top surface of the oral cavity region and covering all the metallized vias, the surrounding patch surrounding the plurality of radiating patches.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the two ends of the surrounding patch along the second direction are respectively formed as terminals, and the terminals are respectively provided with connecting portions between the terminals and two adjacent radiating patches. The size of the connecting portions in the first direction gradually decreases along the direction close to the connected radiating patch. The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction and is also perpendicular to the thickness direction.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the metallized through-holes covered by the terminal are located below both sides of the connector when projected along the second direction.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the diameter of the metallized via is Vd, satisfying 0.7mm≤Vd≤0.8mm; and / or, the width of the opening region on both sides along the first direction is Cd, satisfying 1.9mm≤Cd≤2.1mm; and / or, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is εr, satisfying 2.1≤εr≤2.3, and the thickness of the dielectric substrate is h, satisfying 1.5mm≤h≤1.6mm.

[0015] A vehicle according to a second aspect of the present invention includes an on-board antenna according to a first aspect of the present invention.

[0016] By adopting the vehicle-mounted antenna of the first aspect embodiment of the present invention, stable circular polarization is achieved, while the antenna as a whole is transformed into a flat structure with small volume, low profile and lightweight. In addition, the gain in the main beam direction of the antenna is significantly enhanced, while common-mode interference and cross-polarization components are effectively suppressed.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and some of these additional aspects and advantages will become apparent from the description or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle-mounted antenna; Figure 2 This is a top view of the vehicle-mounted antenna.

[0019] Icon labels: Dielectric substrate 100; Open cavity region 101; Metallized via 102; Radiation patch 200; Notch 201; Surround patch 300; terminal block 301; connector 302. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0022] In the description of this invention, "multiple" refers to two or more. The use of "first" and "second" is for distinguishing technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or their sequential relationship.

[0023] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "set up," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0024] In the fields of automotive millimeter-wave radar and satellite communications, traditional technologies generally employ circularly polarized horn antennas based on metal waveguide cavities. While these antennas can achieve high gain and wide bandwidth coverage, their large size, high profile, and heavy weight severely limit their integration and concealment within the limited space of a vehicle. Furthermore, the precision manufacturing process results in high production costs, making it difficult to meet the demands of large-scale automotive-grade production. In addition, traditional circularly polarized horn antennas also face reliability challenges under complex automotive vibration and shock environments.

[0025] Therefore, this invention proposes a vehicle-mounted antenna and a vehicle, which can effectively solve the above problems.

[0026] The following is for reference. Figure 1 and Figure 2 A vehicle-mounted antenna and a vehicle according to embodiments of the present invention are described.

[0027] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a vehicle-mounted antenna includes a dielectric substrate 100 and a plurality of radiating patches 200.

[0028] The dielectric substrate 100 can be a microwave substrate or other suitable substrate. The dielectric substrate 100 has an open cavity region 101, which can be composed of a plurality of metallized vias 102, which penetrate the dielectric substrate 100 along the thickness direction.

[0029] Multiple radiating patches 200 are attached to the top surface of the dielectric substrate 100. For example, the radiating patches 200 can be etched or printed using PCB technology. The multiple radiating patches 200 are arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner and have an arc-shaped strip structure. For example, they can be elliptical arc structures, Archimedean spiral structures, or other suitable arc-shaped strip structures.

[0030] In this context, the oral cavity region 101, projected along the thickness direction of the dielectric substrate 100, surrounds a plurality of radiating patches 200.

[0031] This invention achieves stable circular polarization by employing a radiating patch 200 bonded to a dielectric substrate 100 and an open-mouth region 101 surrounding the radiating patch 200. For example, while achieving stable right-hand circular polarization, the entire antenna is transformed into a small-volume, low-profile, and lightweight flat structure, greatly improving the convenience and concealment of automotive integration and significantly reducing manufacturing material and processing costs. Moreover, the flat structure also enables the antenna to be more stable and reliable under complex automotive vibration and shock environments.

[0032] Furthermore, the centrally symmetrical arrangement of multiple radiating patches 200 and the arc-shaped strip structure of the radiating patches 200, through the differential feeding grid of the integrated substrate waveguide (SIW), uniformly distribute the input signal to each radiating patch 200 in a low-loss and low-phase-error manner, thereby achieving consistency in excitation amplitude and phase among each radiating patch 200.

[0033] By using the planar layout of multiple radiating patches 200, the arc-shaped strip design of the radiating patches 200, and the aperture field distribution formed by the open mouth region 101, the circularly polarized waves generated by each radiating patch 200 can be superimposed in phase in the far field, thereby significantly enhancing the gain in the direction of the main beam. For example, a high gain of nearly 13.5 dBi can be obtained at the center frequency of 33 GHz, improving the signal receiving sensitivity and transmission distance.

[0034] Simultaneously, it effectively suppresses common-mode interference and cross-polarization components, maintaining good axial ratio bandwidth (e.g., 24.2%) and good impedance bandwidth (e.g., 18%) in the Ka-band even under high-gain conditions. This ensures useful circular polarization performance and impedance matching across a wide bandwidth, improving communication quality and accuracy. This enables the vehicle-mounted antenna to achieve stable, high signal-to-noise ratio millimeter-wave signal transmission and reception in complex vehicle environments.

[0035] It should be noted that differential excitation can also be achieved by using microstrip baluns or electromagnetic coupling slots instead of integrated substrate waveguides (SIW).

[0036] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the radiating patch 200 has an elliptical ring structure. In this embodiment, the radiating patch 200 has an elliptical ring structure. Thus, by adjusting the eccentricity of the radiating patch 200 during design, it is possible to ensure that the arc-shaped equivalent radiation aperture matches the wavelength, avoiding a sudden drop in gain.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present invention, the eccentricity of the inner peripheral wall of the radiation patch 200 is... Satisfying: 0.5≤ ≤0.7, the eccentricity of the outer peripheral wall of the radiation patch 200 is Satisfying: 0.5≤ ≤0.7. For example, the eccentricity of the inner peripheral wall of the radiation patch 200. The eccentricity of the outer peripheral wall of the radiation patch 200 can be 0.555 or other suitable values. It can be 0.6105 or other suitable values.

[0038] In this application, the eccentricity of the inner peripheral wall of the radiation patch 200 Satisfy: 0.5≤ ≤0.7, eccentricity of the outer peripheral wall of the radiation patch 200 Satisfy: 0.5≤ ≤0.7. In this way, the orthogonal polarization components can be balanced, the frequency band adaptation and polarization stability can be balanced, and a good axial ratio bandwidth can be achieved.

[0039] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, multiple radiating patches 200 are divided into two groups and arranged along a first direction. Each group includes two radiating patches 200 arranged along a second direction. The major axis of the radiating patches 200 extends along the second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction and also perpendicular to the thickness direction. This further ensures consistency in the excitation amplitude and phase among the radiating patches 200, while further suppressing common-mode interference and cross-polarization components. Even under high-gain conditions, it maintains superior axial ratio bandwidth and good impedance bandwidth in the Ka-band.

[0040] It should be noted that the first direction can be the width direction of the dielectric substrate 100, and the second direction can be the length direction of the dielectric substrate 100. Two radiating patches 200 in the same group can be connected on adjacent sides.

[0041] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the radiating patch 200 has notches 201 at both ends along the second direction, the two notches 201 are located on both sides of the long axis of the radiating patch 200, and the width of the two notches 201 is different.

[0042] In this embodiment, notches 201 are provided, and the two notches 201 have different widths, which can break the symmetry to excite the phase difference of the orthogonal polarization components. The notches 201 change the current distribution path, forming a path difference, which lays the foundation for circular polarization synthesis. The two notches 201 are offset to both sides relative to the major axis of the radiating patch 200, which can reduce circular polarization radiation of opposite directions. For example, when set to right-hand circular polarization, left-hand circular polarization radiation can be reduced, the cross-polarization ratio can be lowered, electromagnetic interference can be avoided, and the received signal-to-noise ratio can be improved.

[0043] refer to Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the width dimension of the notch 201 at the far ends of two radial patches 200 in the same group is... Satisfying: 0.45mm ≤ ≤0.55mm, for example, size It can be 0.5mm or other suitable dimensions. The width of the notch 201 at the adjacent end of two radiating patches 200 in the same group is... Satisfying: 0.25mm≤ ≤0.35mm, for example, size It can be 0.3mm or other suitable dimensions.

[0044] In this embodiment, the width dimension of the notch 201 at the far ends of the two radial patches 200 in the same group Satisfies: 0.45mm≤ ≤0.55mm, the width of the notch 201 at the closest end of two radiating patches 200 in the same group. Satisfies: 0.25mm≤ With a diameter of ≤0.35mm, the antenna's axial ratio in the Ka band can be less than 3dB, ensuring stable circular polarization. Furthermore, by cooperating with the radiating patch 200 of an elliptical ring structure with appropriate eccentricity, the phase difference of the orthogonal polarization components can be more precisely controlled, achieving a better axial ratio bandwidth in the Ka band.

[0045] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the oral cavity region 101 is provided with a plurality of metallized vias 102, which penetrate the dielectric substrate 100 along the thickness direction. The vehicle antenna also includes a surrounding patch 300, which is attached to the top surface of the oral cavity region 101 and covers all the metallized vias 102. The surrounding patch 300 surrounds a plurality of radiating patches 200. For example, a ground plane is formed on the side of the dielectric substrate 100 opposite to the surrounding patch 300, one end of the metallized via 102 is electrically connected to the surrounding patch 300, and the other end is grounded.

[0046] In this embodiment, multiple metallized vias 102 construct a planarized, isolated aperture body to form a uniform and phase-consistent aperture field. The radiating patch 200 carries the traveling wave energy to the aperture field, allowing the energy to be radiated primarily through the aperture field to achieve high gain. Furthermore, the array of metallized vias 102 encloses each radiating patch 200, forming a closed electromagnetic space, suppressing mutual coupling between adjacent radiating patches 200, preventing electromagnetic crosstalk from disrupting signal amplitude and phase consistency, and ensuring high gain and axial ratio stability. In addition, it can cooperate with the metal layer on the surface of the dielectric substrate 100 to form an integrated substrate waveguide (SIW), replacing traditional metal waveguides to achieve low-loss feeding, reducing signal attenuation in the Ka band, ensuring the feeding network supports equal-amplitude and in-phase excitation, and adapting to the needs of automotive millimeter-wave communication and radar.

[0047] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, terminals 301 are formed at both ends of the surrounding patch 300 along the second direction. Connecting portions 302 are provided between the terminals 301 and two adjacent radiating patches 200. The dimensions of the connecting portions 302 in the first direction gradually decrease towards the radiating patch 200 to which they are connected. The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction and is also perpendicular to the thickness direction. For example, the two connecting portions 302 connected to the terminals 301 can be arranged along the first direction and respectively connect to the two radiating patches 200 adjacent to the terminals 301.

[0048] In this embodiment, the two terminals 301 can be connected to a differential feed network. The dimension of the connection portion 302 in the first direction gradually decreases along the direction close to the connected radiating patch 200. Thus, through its continuously tapering triangular structure, the impedance transition between the differential feed network and the radiating patch 200 is smooth, significantly reducing signal reflection and making the reflection coefficient less than or equal to -15dB. At the same time, the continuously tapering triangular characteristic adapts to the Ka-band broadband requirements, helping to achieve excellent impedance bandwidth. In addition, the absence of abrupt size changes reduces current concentration, lowers additional losses, ensures antenna efficiency, and provides low-reflection, low-loss signal transmission conditions for high gain and stable circular polarization.

[0049] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the metallized through-hole 102 covered by the terminal 301 is located below both sides of the connection portion 302, as projected along the second direction.

[0050] In this embodiment, the metallized via 102 covered by terminal 301, in addition to cooperating with other metallized vias 102 to form a planar isolation cavity outside the cavity, will not affect the signal input of the differential feed network.

[0051] refer to Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the diameter of the metallized via 102 is Vd, satisfying 0.7mm ≤ Vd ≤ 0.8mm. For example, the diameter Vd of the metallized via 102 can be 0.77mm or other suitable diameters. This not only facilitates the fabrication of the metallized via 102 using PCB manufacturing processes, but also results in a superior planar isolation opening.

[0052] refer to Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the width dimension Cd of the two sides of the oral cavity region 101 along the first direction satisfies: 1.9mm ≤ Cd ≤ 2.1mm. For example, the width dimension Cd of the two sides of the oral cavity region 101 along the first direction can be 2.0mm or other suitable dimensions. In this way, electromagnetic leakage can be effectively prevented, ensuring that the radiation patch 200 operates independently.

[0053] refer to Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of the present invention, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 100 is εr, satisfying: 2.1 ≤ εr ≤ 2.3. For example, the dielectric constant εr of the dielectric substrate 100 can be 2.2 or other suitable constants. The thickness of the dielectric substrate 100 is h, satisfying: 1.5 mm ≤ h ≤ 1.6 mm. For example, the thickness h of the dielectric substrate 100 can be 1.575 mm or other suitable thicknesses.

[0054] In this way, it can be matched with the Ka band, enabling the antenna to be miniaturized and have low loss, avoiding signal attenuation caused by high dielectric constant.

[0055] A vehicle according to a second aspect embodiment of the present invention includes the vehicle-mounted antenna described in the first aspect embodiment.

[0056] By adopting the vehicle-mounted antenna of the first aspect embodiment of the present invention, stable circular polarization is achieved, while the antenna as a whole is transformed into a flat structure with small volume, low profile and lightweight. In addition, the gain in the main beam direction of the antenna is significantly enhanced, while common-mode interference and cross-polarization components are effectively suppressed.

[0057] Since the vehicle can adopt all the technical solutions of the vehicle-mounted antenna of the first aspect embodiment described above, it has at least all the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the first aspect embodiment described above. These additional beneficial effects will not be repeated here.

[0058] It is understood that other configurations and operations of the vehicle according to embodiments of the present invention are known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0059] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted antenna, characterized in that, include: A dielectric substrate having an open cavity region; Multiple radiating patches are attached to the top surface of the dielectric substrate and arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner. The radiating patches have an arc-shaped strip structure. The projection along the thickness direction of the dielectric substrate shows that the open cavity region surrounds a plurality of the radiating patches.

2. The vehicle-mounted antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiating patch has an elliptical ring structure, and the eccentricity of the inner peripheral wall of the radiating patch is... Satisfying: 0.5≤ ≤0.7, the eccentricity of the outer peripheral wall of the radiation patch is Satisfying: 0.5≤ ≤0.

7.

3. The vehicle-mounted antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radiating patch has an elliptical ring structure. The plurality of radiating patches are divided into two groups and arranged along a first direction. Each group includes two radiating patches arranged along a second direction. The major axis of the radiating patch extends along the second direction. The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction and is also perpendicular to the thickness direction.

4. The vehicle-mounted antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, The radiating patch has notches at both ends along the second direction. The two notches are located on both sides of the long axis of the radiating patch, and the widths of the two notches are different.

5. The vehicle-mounted antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The width dimension of the notch at the far end of the two radiation patches in the same group is Satisfying: 0.45mm ≤ ≤0.55mm, the width of the notch at the closest end of two radiation patches in the same group is Satisfying: 0.25mm≤ ≤0.35mm.

6. The vehicle-mounted antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The open area is provided with multiple metallized vias, which penetrate the dielectric substrate along the thickness direction. The vehicle-mounted antenna further includes: A surround patch is attached to the top surface of the oral cavity region and covers all the metallized through holes, the surround patch surrounding the plurality of the radial patches.

7. The vehicle-mounted antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that, The two ends of the surrounding patch along the second direction are respectively formed as terminals. Each terminal is connected to one of the two adjacent radiating patches. The size of the connecting portion in the first direction gradually decreases as it approaches the connected radiating patch. The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction and is also perpendicular to the thickness direction.

8. The vehicle-mounted antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, Projected along the second direction, the metallized through-holes covered by the terminal are located below both sides of the connector.

9. The vehicle-mounted antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that, The diameter of the metallized through-hole is Vd, satisfying 0.7mm ≤ Vd ≤ 0.8mm; and / or, The width of the oral cavity region along the first direction on both sides is Cd, satisfying: 1.9mm ≤ Cd ≤ 2.1mm; and / or, The dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is εr, which satisfies: 2.1≤εr≤2.3, and the thickness of the dielectric substrate is h, which satisfies: 1.5mm≤h≤1.6mm.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle-mounted antenna includes any one of claims 1 to 9.

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