Low-cost abalone feed containing enteromorpha powder and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-cost abalone feed containing enteromorpha powder and a preparation method of the low-cost abalone feed, and belongs to the technical field of breeding. The low-cost abalone feed is prepared from, by weight, 30% of enteromorpha powder, 30% of high gluten flour, 30% of soybean meal, 30% of shell powder, 30% of fish meal, 30% of soybean protein concentrate, 30% of flour, 30% of monocalcium phosphate, 30% of choline chloride, 30% of fish oil, 30% of soybean oil, 30% of vitamin premix and 30% of mineral premix. The abalone feed is reasonable in formula design, the enteromorpha powder is used for replacing all kelp powder in a traditional abalone feed, the feed manufacturing cost and abalone feeding cost can be effectively saved, meanwhile, the abalone growth is not remarkably affected, and healthy and sustainable development of marine fishery resources is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aquaculture technology, specifically relating to a low-cost abalone feed containing seaweed powder and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Abalone belongs to the phylum Mollusca, class Gastropoda, family Haliotidae, and genus Haliotidae. Haliotis Abalone, hailed as the crown jewel of seafood delicacies, is a high-protein, low-fat seafood that meets modern consumers' demands. China's abalone farming industry began to emerge in the 1970s and has since developed into one of the most important abalone-producing countries. The scale of abalone farming in my country has experienced explosive growth, mainly concentrated in Fujian, Shandong, and Guangdong provinces. In 2024, the national abalone production reached 251,900 tons, of which Fujian Province accounted for 202,000 tons, approximately 80% of the total national production, with a value exceeding 20 billion yuan.

[0003] kelp( Laminariajaponica Kelp (Phaeophyta) is a large edible algae belonging to the Phaeophyta phylum. It is widely cultivated in my country and is the most commonly used feed algae in abalone farming. However, the large-scale use of fresh seaweed in abalone farming also has some drawbacks, such as seasonal supply limitations and the ease with which pathogens can be introduced. In the event of a large-scale outbreak of kelp diseases, the supply of fresh kelp feed for abalone will be severely affected. The large-scale use of kelp powder in abalone feed poses a challenge to reducing abalone farming costs and improving the stability of the industry.

[0004] Enteromorpha ( Ulva prolifera Ulva is an algae belonging to the family Ulvaceae and the genus Ulva. It is mainly distributed in the coastal waters of Liaoning, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Fujian provinces in my country, as well as the coastal areas of Fenghua and Xiangshan Port in Zhejiang Province. It is the marine area where Ulva is most concentrated in natural distribution in China, and it has the characteristics of stable supply and low price. Based on this, it is necessary to develop a low-cost, high-quality abalone feed formula to completely replace kelp powder in traditional formulas. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the problems existing in the background art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a low-cost abalone feed containing seaweed powder and its preparation method.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A low-cost abalone feed containing *Ulva prolifera* powder, comprising the following ingredients by weight percentage: *Ulva prolifera* powder, high-gluten flour, soybean meal, shell powder, fish meal, soy protein concentrate, wheat flour, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, fish oil, soybean oil, vitamin premix, and mineral premix, wherein the *Ulva prolifera* powder accounts for 30%. Further, the other ingredients in the abalone feed comprise the following proportions: high-gluten flour 23%, soybean meal 18%, shell powder 8%, fish meal 7%, soy protein concentrate 5%, wheat flour 4%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2%, and choline chloride 0.1%.

[0007] Furthermore, the vitamin premix is ​​composed of 3 g vitamin A, 12 g vitamin B1, 10 g vitamin B2, 80 g vitamin B3, 20 g vitamin B5, 4 g vitamin B6, 400 g vitamin B8, 3 g vitamin B9, 18 mg vitamin B12, 100 g vitamin C, 5 mg vitamin D3, 45 g vitamin E, 1.2 g vitamin H, 8 g vitamin K3, and cellulose filler per 1000 g.

[0008] Furthermore, the mineral premix is ​​composed of 13 g sodium chloride, 200 g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 333 g sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate, 426 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 100 g ferric citrate, 4.71 g zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 13 mg cobalt chloride hexahydrate, 400 mg potassium iodate, 2.16 g manganese sulfate dihydrate, 0.4 g copper sulfate pentahydrate, 20 mg sodium selenite pentahydrate, and zeolite powder as filler per 1000 g.

[0009] Furthermore, by weight percentage, the nutritional composition of the aforementioned low-cost abalone feed includes: crude protein 30.90%, fat 3.78%, ash 15.67%, and moisture 6.35%.

[0010] A method for preparing the above-mentioned low-cost abalone feed includes the following specific steps: S1. Crush the solid raw materials in the formula through an 80-mesh sieve beforehand, and mix the fish oil and soybean oil thoroughly according to the formula ratio; S2. Accurately weigh the solid raw materials according to the formula, mix the various feed ingredients in order of increasing proportion, add the mixture of fish oil and soybean oil, mix thoroughly and sieve, then add 40% water and mix evenly to make dough. S3. Use a tablet press to flatten the dough to a thickness of 1-3 mm, and then cut it into square feed pieces.

[0011] S4. The above-mentioned feed blocks are cooked and dried to obtain abalone feed.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S3, the side length of the square is 3~5cm.

[0013] Furthermore, in step S4, the aging temperature is 80~100 ℃, the aging time is 20~40 min, and the drying temperature is 55 ℃, drying until the moisture content is ≤10%.

[0014] The aforementioned low-cost abalone feed containing seaweed powder can be applied to abalone farming.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1) This invention completely replaces the kelp powder in abalone feed with seaweed powder. The raw materials for seaweed powder are readily available and can be produced on a large scale.

[0016] 2) The feed formula of this invention is nutritionally balanced. By using seaweed powder to completely replace kelp powder in abalone feed, the feed preparation cost and abalone breeding cost can be reduced. At the same time, the feed has no significant adverse effects on abalone survival rate, growth, nutritional components and intestinal tissue, which can promote the healthy development of abalone farming. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 The effects of abalone feed prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 on the morphology of abalone intestinal tissue. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained below through embodiments, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited in any way by the embodiments.

[0019] All the nutrients in the abalone formula of this invention are commercially available. This invention provides a detailed description of each nutrient, which can be considered as a preferred technical solution, a further preferred technical solution, or the most preferred technical solution of this invention.

[0020] The following ingredients were purchased from Fuzhou Haima Feed Co., Ltd.: seaweed powder (30%-35% crude protein, 3%-5% crude fat), high-gluten flour (12%-14% crude protein, 0.7%-1.5% crude fat), soybean meal (43%-47% crude protein, 1.1%-1.5% crude fat), shell powder (over 95% calcium carbonate), fish meal (63%-68% crude protein, 7%-8% crude fat), soy protein concentrate (68%-73% crude protein, 0.4%-0.6% crude fat), flour (food grade), calcium dihydrogen phosphate (feed grade), choline chloride (feed grade), fish oil (food grade), and soybean oil (food grade).

[0021] Each 1000 g of the vitamin premix is ​​composed of 3 g vitamin A, 12 g vitamin B1, 10 g vitamin B2, 80 g vitamin B3, 20 g vitamin B5, 4 g vitamin B6, 400 g vitamin B8, 3 g vitamin B9, 18 mg vitamin B12, 100 g vitamin C, 5 mg vitamin D3, 45 g vitamin E, 1.2 g vitamin H, 8 g vitamin K3, and cellulose filler.

[0022] Each 1000g of the mineral premix is ​​composed of 13g sodium chloride, 200g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 333g sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate, 426g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 100g ferric citrate, 4.71g zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 13mg cobalt chloride hexahydrate, 400mg potassium iodate, 2.16g manganese sulfate dihydrate, 0.4g copper sulfate pentahydrate, 20mg sodium selenite pentahydrate, and zeolite powder as filler.

[0023] Comparative Example 1 A traditional abalone feed with high kelp powder content, without using other protein sources to replace kelp powder; the formula of the abalone feed, based on the weight percentage of the total feed weight, is as follows: 30% kelp powder, 23% high-gluten flour, 18% soybean meal, 8% shell powder, 7% fish meal, 5% soybean protein concentrate, 4% wheat flour, 2% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% choline chloride, 0.6% fish oil, 0.3% soybean oil, 1% vitamin premix, and 1% mineral premix.

[0024] The preparation method of the above abalone feed is as follows: S1. Crush the solid raw materials in the formula through an 80-mesh sieve beforehand, and mix the fish oil and soybean oil thoroughly according to the formula ratio; S2. Accurately weigh the solid raw materials according to the formula, mix the various feed ingredients in order of increasing specific gravity, add the mixture of fish oil and soybean oil, mix thoroughly and sieve, then add about 40% water by weight of the mixture (converted to volume at a density of 1 kg / L) and mix thoroughly to make a soft dough. S3. Use a tablet press to flatten the dough to about 2 mm thick, then cut it into square feed pieces of about 4 cm x 4 cm.

[0025] S4. Cook the feed blocks at 90 ℃ for 30 min, and then dry them at 55 ℃ until the moisture content is ≤10% to obtain abalone feed.

[0026] Example 1 In this embodiment, abalone feed is prepared by partially replacing kelp powder with seaweed powder. The abalone feed formula is as follows, based on the weight percentage of the total feed: 20% kelp powder, 10% seaweed powder, 23% high-gluten flour, 18% soybean meal, 8% shell powder, 7% fish meal, 5% soybean protein concentrate, 4% flour, 2% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% choline chloride, 0.6% fish oil, 0.3% soybean oil, 1% vitamin premix, and 1% mineral premix.

[0027] The preparation method of the above abalone feed is as follows: S1. Crush the solid raw materials in the formula through an 80-mesh sieve beforehand, and mix the fish oil and soybean oil thoroughly according to the formula ratio; S2. Accurately weigh the solid raw materials according to the formula, mix the various feed ingredients in order of increasing specific gravity, add the mixture of fish oil and soybean oil, mix thoroughly and sieve, then add about 40% water by weight of the mixture (converted to volume at a density of 1 kg / L) and mix thoroughly to make a soft dough. S3. Use a tablet press to flatten the dough to about 2 mm thick, then cut it into square feed pieces of about 4 cm x 4 cm.

[0028] S4. Cook the feed blocks at 90 ℃ for 30 min, and then dry them at 55 ℃ until the moisture content is ≤10% to obtain abalone feed.

[0029] Example 2 In this embodiment, abalone feed is prepared by partially replacing kelp powder with seaweed powder. The abalone feed formula is as follows, based on the weight percentage of the total feed: 10% kelp powder, 20% seaweed powder, 23% high-gluten flour, 18% soybean meal, 8% shell powder, 7% fish meal, 5% soybean protein concentrate, 4% flour, 2% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% choline chloride, 0.6% fish oil, 0.3% soybean oil, 1% vitamin premix, and 1% mineral premix.

[0030] The preparation method of the abalone feed is the same as that in Example 1.

[0031] Example 3 In this embodiment, abalone feed is prepared by completely replacing kelp powder with seaweed powder, and the kelp powder content is 0%. The abalone feed formula is as follows, based on the weight percentage of the total feed: seaweed powder 30%, high-gluten flour 23%, soybean meal 18%, shell powder 8%, fish meal 7%, soybean protein concentrate 5%, flour 4%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2%, choline chloride 0.1%, fish oil 0.6%, soybean oil 0.3%, vitamin premix 1%, and mineral premix 1%.

[0032] The preparation method of the abalone feed is the same as that in Example 1.

[0033] The abalone feed formulations and their nutritional composition prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 1.

[0034] Table 1. Raw material ratios for abalone feed prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1

[0035] Example 4: Verification of the feeding effect of abalone feed 168 abalone with an initial weight of 34.82 ± 1.38 g were randomly assigned to hexagonal abalone cages (580 × 120 cm) in a seawater net cage. 3 Each replicate consisted of 14 abalone, with 3 replicates forming a treatment group. Abalone were randomly assigned to be fed the abalone diets from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1. The culture experiment lasted for 8 weeks, with feeding every two days at 6:30 AM. Feeding and growth status of abalone in each cage were recorded. After the experiment, survival rate was calculated, body weight of each abalone was measured, and weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and feed efficiency were calculated. Muscle samples were collected to determine nutrient composition; hepatopancreatic tissue was collected to determine digestive enzyme activity; intestinal tissue sections were prepared and observed under an optical microscope.

[0036] Table 2 shows the abalone survival rate, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio of the treatment groups in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1. The results show that there were no significant differences in survival rate, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio among the treatment groups in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1. P >0.05), but in Examples 1-3, the feed conversion ratio showed an increasing trend with the increase of seaweed powder content.

[0037] Table 2. Effects of abalone feed prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 on abalone growth performance and feed utilization.

[0038] Note: Different letters in the same column of the table represent significant differences. P <0.05), the same applies below.

[0039] Table 3 shows the nutrient content of abalone muscle in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1. The results show that there were no significant differences in moisture, crude protein, crude fat and ash content among Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1. P >0.05), but the crude protein content showed a decreasing trend as the content of seaweed powder increased.

[0040] Table 3. Effects of abalone feed prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 on the nutritional composition of abalone muscle.

[0041] Table 4 shows the activities of digestive enzymes in the hepatopancreas of abalone in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1. The results showed no significant differences in the activities of trypsin, lipase, and α-amylase among Examples 1-3 and the Comparative Example 1 treatment groups. P >0.05), but the activities of trypsin and lipase showed a decreasing trend with the increase of Ulva lactuca powder content.

[0042] Table 4. Effects of abalone feed prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 on abalone digestive enzymes.

[0043] Figure 1 This study investigated the effects of abalone feed prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 on the intestinal morphology of abalone. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the thickness of the intestinal basal layer, the villous intestinal tract, and the width among the treatment groups of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1.

[0044] The above description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-cost abalone feed containing seaweed powder, characterized in that: The low-cost abalone feed consists of the following raw materials as a percentage of the total weight of the feed: seaweed powder, high-gluten flour, soybean meal, shell powder, fish meal, soy protein concentrate, flour, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, choline chloride, fish oil, soybean oil, vitamin premix, and mineral premix, of which seaweed powder accounts for 30%.

2. The low-cost abalone feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The other ingredients in the abalone feed are as follows: 23% high-gluten flour, 18% soybean meal, 8% shell powder, 7% fish meal, 5% soybean protein concentrate, 4% wheat flour, 2% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1% choline chloride, 0.6% fish oil, 0.3% soybean oil, 1% vitamin premix, and 1% mineral premix.

3. The low-cost abalone feed according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that: The vitamin premix is ​​composed of 3 g vitamin A, 12 g vitamin B1, 10 g vitamin B2, 80 g vitamin B3, 20 g vitamin B5, 4 g vitamin B6, 400 g vitamin B8, 3 g vitamin B9, 18 mg vitamin B12, 100 g vitamin C, 5 mg vitamin D3, 45 g vitamin E, 1.2 g vitamin H, 8 g vitamin K3, and cellulose filler per 1000 g.

4. The low-cost abalone feed according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that: The mineral premix is ​​composed of 13 g sodium chloride, 200 g magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 333 g sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate, 426 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 100 g ferric citrate, 4.71 g zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 13 mg cobalt chloride hexahydrate, 400 mg potassium iodate, 2.16 g manganese sulfate dihydrate, 0.4 g copper sulfate pentahydrate, 20 mg sodium selenite pentahydrate, and zeolite powder as filler per 1000 g.

5. The low-cost abalone feed according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that: The nutritional composition of the low-cost abalone feed, by weight percentage, includes: crude protein 30.90%, fat 3.78%, ash 15.67%, and moisture 6.35%.

6. A method for preparing low-cost abalone feed as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The specific steps include the following: S1. Crush the solid raw materials in the formula through an 80-mesh sieve beforehand, and mix the fish oil and soybean oil evenly according to the formula ratio; S2. Mix the various feed ingredients in order of increasing weight, then add the mixture of fish oil and soybean oil, mix well and sieve, then add 40% water and mix well to form a dough. S3. Use a tablet press to flatten the dough to a thickness of 1-3 mm, then cut it into square feed pieces; S4. The above-mentioned feed blocks are cooked and dried to obtain abalone feed.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S3, the side length of the square is 3~5cm.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S4, the aging temperature is 80~100 ℃, the aging time is 20~40 min, and the drying temperature is 55 ℃, until the moisture content is ≤10%.

9. The application of the low-cost abalone feed as described in claim 1 in abalone farming.

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