Composite metal cutting machine tool spindle

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of machine tool spindle, and discloses a composite metal cutting machine tool spindle, which comprises a spindle part, a broach mechanism and a broach driving mechanism, discards the design of a traditional spindle provided with an axial hole for accommodating a broach device, adopts a solid shaft as a core component of the spindle, and only locally forms an installation cavity structure at the lower end for accommodating the broach mechanism, so that the overall structural integrity of the spindle is not damaged, and the advantages of the solid shaft are retained. The high-pressure gas source of the broach driving mechanism is used to realize the synchronous chip prevention function. When the high-pressure gas is introduced into the air cavity to drive the movable sleeve to move downward, the opening of the air passage one is unblocked, part of the high-pressure gas enters the cylindrical cavity through the air passage one, and then is introduced into the sleeve groove through the air passage two at the upper end of the broach rod, and finally continuously blows air into the conical cavity, so that a stable air curtain is formed at the port of the conical cavity, and the impurities such as cutting chips and cutting fluid are effectively blocked from entering the inside of the installation cavity structure, thereby avoiding the abrasion and wear of the installation cavity structure caused by the impurities.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of machine tool spindles, in particular to a composite metal cutting machine tool spindle. BACKGROUND

[0002] The composite metal cutting machine tool is a multipurpose metal processing equipment, which is widely used for cutting machining of various medium and large parts. It mainly completes the machining task by the coordination of mechanical, electrical and hydraulic parts. Nowadays, domestic mechanical part manufacturing presents the characteristics of small batch, high precision and complex processing, which puts forward higher requirements for the machining efficiency, machining precision and automation degree of the machine tool. The spindle is an important component for connecting and rotating the tool on the spindle.

[0003] In order to quickly clamp and disassemble the tool, the spindle in the industry is provided with a drawbar mechanism. The existing drawbar mechanism mainly adopts a hydraulic driving mode. For example, a spindle drawbar mechanism disclosed in the publication No. CN212665533U includes a ta-c coating arranged on the outer wall surface of the rod body and rod head and the surface of the spring. The spring is sleeved on the rod body and abuts against the rod body, so that the contact surfaces of the spring and the drawbar are contacted through the ta-c coating, the wear resistance of the drawbar and the spring is improved, the friction loss of the spring, the drawbar and the matching surface of the shaft core during the long tooling process or the repeated tool changing process is reduced, the service life of the drawbar mechanism and the spindle is prolonged, the precision of the related parts during long-term use is ensured, and the stability of the performance of the spindle is improved. However, in order to arrange the drawbar device inside the spindle, an axial hole is arranged in the spindle, so that the spindle cannot adopt a solid shaft, which reduces the strength of the spindle. At the same time, when the tool is installed, the cutting chips are brought into the installation position at the front end of the spindle, which can cause internal wear of the spindle.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a composite metal cutting machine tool spindle which does not need to arrange an axial hole in the spindle, can ensure the strength of the spindle and effectively prevent the cutting chips from entering the spindle. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a composite metal cutting machine tool spindle to solve the problems in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme:

[0007] A composite metal cutting machine tool spindle, comprising a shaft sleeve seat, a connecting table and a bearing seat end are integrally formed at the lower end of the shaft sleeve seat, and further comprising:

[0008] A spindle part, the spindle part comprises a solid shaft installed in the shaft sleeve seat, and an installation cavity structure is formed at the lower end of the solid shaft;

[0009] The drawbar mechanism comprises a drawbar rod movably mounted in the mounting cavity structure of the lower end of the solid shaft and an extension sleeve frame mounted on the upper end of the drawbar rod, and the extension end of the extension sleeve frame extends out of the mounting cavity structure;

[0010] The drawbar driving mechanism comprises an outer cavity shell connected and mounted on the connecting table and a movable sleeve movably arranged in the outer cavity shell, a spring one is mounted at the inner lower end of the outer cavity shell, the lower end of the movable sleeve is connected with the upper end of the spring one, an air cavity is formed between the upper end of the movable sleeve and the lower end surface of the connecting table, a high-pressure gas source is connected with the outer cavity shell, and high-pressure gas is introduced into the air cavity to press down the movable sleeve, the movable sleeve presses down the extension sleeve frame, and the drawbar mechanism is driven.

[0011] As a preferred scheme of the composite metal cutting machine tool spindle, the spindle part further comprises:

[0012] The stop ring is fixedly welded at the lower end of the solid shaft.

[0013] The spring two is sleeved at the lower end of the solid shaft, and the lower end of the spring two is fixedly connected with the stop ring, and the upper end of the spring two is in contact with the extension end of the extension sleeve frame.

[0014] The pulley disc is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the solid shaft.

[0015] The shaft coupling is connected and mounted at the upper end of the solid shaft.

[0016] As a preferred scheme of the composite metal cutting machine tool spindle, the solid shaft comprises:

[0017] The cylindrical cavity is arranged at the lower end of the solid shaft, and through holes are arranged at the two sides of the cylindrical cavity, and the extension end of the extension sleeve frame extends out of the through hole.

[0018] The expanding cavity is arranged at the lower end of the solid shaft and communicates with the lower end of the cylindrical cavity.

[0019] The tapered cavity is arranged at the lower end of the solid shaft and communicates with the lower end of the expanding cavity.

[0020] The lower end of the solid shaft sequentially comprises the tapered cavity, the expanding cavity and the cylindrical cavity from bottom to top, and the three cavities are communicated to form the mounting cavity structure.

[0021] The outer ring end head is fixedly welded at the lower end of the solid shaft.

[0022] The limiting slot is arranged on the lower end surface of the outer ring end head.

[0023] The first air passage is arranged in the upper end of the cylindrical cavity.

[0024] As a preferred scheme of the composite metal cutting machine tool spindle, the middle part of the expanded cavity is a cylindrical cavity, the upper and lower ends are conical cavity, the diameter of the cylindrical cavity in the middle part is larger than the diameter of the cylindrical cavity, and a ring-shaped magnet is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity of the expanded cavity.

[0025] As a preferred scheme of the composite metal cutting machine tool spindle, the broach rod comprises:

[0026] The sleeve groove is arranged in the lower end of the broach rod.

[0027] The plug-in mounting port is arranged in the lower end of the sleeve groove.

[0028] The limiting stopper is fixedly arranged on the upper and lower surfaces inside the plug-in mounting port.

[0029] The broach plug is movably plugged into the plug-in mounting port, recess grooves are arranged on the upper and lower end surfaces of the broach plug, and the limiting stopper is clamped in the recess grooves.

[0030] The threaded hole is arranged in the upper end of the broach rod, and is used for connecting and mounting the extension sleeve.

[0031] As a preferred scheme of the composite metal cutting machine tool spindle, the broach rod is a columnar structure, the diameter of the broach rod matches the diameter of the cylindrical cavity, the length of the broach rod matches the depth of the cylindrical cavity, and the second air passage is arranged in the upper end of the broach rod, and the second air passage communicates with the sleeve groove.

[0032] As a preferred scheme of the composite metal cutting machine tool spindle, the extension sleeve comprises:

[0033] The extension plug is used for plugging into the through hole.

[0034] The half-ring sleeve is fixedly arranged on the extension plug, and is used for sleeving the broach rod.

[0035] The long bolt is threadedly connected to one end of the extension plug, and is used for threadedly connecting with the threaded hole.

[0036] The outer protruding blocks are fixedly arranged on the two ends of the half-ring sleeve.

[0037] As a preferred scheme of the composite metal cutting machine tool spindle, the outer cavity shell comprises:

[0038] The gas source connector is fixedly arranged on the upper end of the outer wall of the outer cavity shell.

[0039] The third air channel is arranged on the upper end of the outer cavity shell, and is used for guiding the gas input by the gas source connector into the gas cavity at the upper end of the inner part of the outer cavity shell.

[0040] The blocking ring frame is fixedly welded on the lower end of the inner part of the outer cavity shell, and the lower end of the first spring is fixedly arranged in the blocking ring frame.

[0041] The bearing is installed in the opening arranged on the lower end of the outer cavity shell, and the lower end of the solid shaft is connected with the bearing.

[0042] As a preferred scheme of the composite metal cutting machine tool spindle, the movable sleeve comprises:

[0043] The compression ring end is fixedly arranged on the upper end of the inner part of the movable sleeve, and is used for pressing down the extension plug.

[0044] The compression ring end separates the movable sleeve, and forms the upper displacement part at the upper end of the movable sleeve, which is used for displacing the bearing seat end.

[0045] The lower displacement part is formed at the lower end of the movable sleeve by the compression ring end, which is used for displacing the extension sleeve frame, the blocking ring and the second spring.

[0046] The inner recess is arranged on the lower end of the inner wall of the movable sleeve, and is used for displacing the first spring, and the upper end of the first spring is fixedly connected to the top of the inner recess.

[0047] As a preferred scheme of the composite metal cutting machine tool spindle, the broach mechanism further comprises a cutting tool part, and the cutting tool part comprises:

[0048] The tool head;

[0049] The tool seat is connected with the tool head, and comprises a reinforcing seat block and a limiting plug fixedly arranged at the edge of the upper end surface of the reinforcing seat block, the limiting plug is inserted into the limiting slot, a conical block is fixedly arranged at the center of the reinforcing seat block, the conical block is matched with the conical cavity, a column rod is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the conical block, and a block head is fixedly welded at the upper end of the column rod, and is used for pushing the blocking plug.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0051] Discard the traditional spindle through the shaft hole design, adopt solid shaft as the core component of spindle, only in the lower end of local set up by the installation chamber structure of cone cavity, expanding cavity, cylindrical cavity for containing broach mechanism, without destroying the integrity of the spindle structure, the maximum retention of solid shaft strength. Compared with hollow shaft structure, the bending strength, torsional stiffness of the solid shaft of the present application is improved, which can effectively withstand the high load and high torque during cutting of medium and large parts, and reduce the deformation of the spindle.

[0052] Adopting the broach driving mode driven by pneumatic, the broach driving mechanism drives the broach mechanism, and can cooperate with the installation chamber structure of the solid shaft only in the lower end of local containing broach mechanism. When the high-pressure gas drives the movable sleeve to move down, the pressure ring end acts on the extension sleeve frame, the broach rod moves down, after stopping gas supply, spring one drives the movable sleeve to reset, spring two drives the extension sleeve frame and the broach rod to reset, realizes quick tool changing, improves tool changing efficiency.

[0053] 3、Build gas-driven linkage blowing anti-dust structure, use the high-pressure gas source of broach driving mechanism to realize synchronous anti-dust function, when high-pressure gas is input into gas cavity to drive movable sleeve to move down, the opening of gas channel one is unblocked, part of high-pressure gas enters cylindrical cavity through gas channel one, then is introduced into sleeve groove through gas channel two on the upper end of broach rod, finally continuously blows gas into the cone cavity, forms stable gas curtain at the port of the cone cavity. The gas curtain can play a role in the process of tool installation and removal, effectively blocks impurities such as cutting chips and cutting fluid from entering the inside of the installation chamber structure, avoiding the abrasion and wear of impurities to the installation chamber structure from the source. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0054] Figure 1 It is the overall structure diagram of the present application;

[0055] Figure 2 It is the structure diagram of the spindle part and cutting tool part of the present application;

[0056] Figure 3 It is the installation chamber structure of the solid shaft of the present application, and the broach mechanism and the cutting tool part structure diagram;

[0057] Figure 4 It is the broach mechanism structure diagram of the present application; Figure 2 It is the enlarged view of A in the present application;

[0058] Figure 5 It is the enlarged view of B in the present application; Figure 3 It is the enlarged view of B in the present application;

[0059] Figure 6 It is the broach mechanism structure diagram of the present application;

[0060] Figure 7 For the invention Figure 6 Enlarged view at C in the figure;

[0061] Figure 8 For the invention

[0062] Figure 9 For the invention

[0063] Figure 10 For the invention

[0064] Figure 11 For the invention

[0065] Figure 12 For the invention Figure 11 Enlarged view at D in the figure.

[0066] In the drawings, the components represented by each reference numeral are listed as follows:

[0067] 100, shaft sleeve; 110, connecting table; 120, bearing seat end;

[0068] 200, main shaft part; 210, solid shaft; 211, cylindrical cavity; 212, through hole; 213, expanded cavity; 201, cylindrical cavity; 202, conical frustum cavity; 203, ring magnet; 214, conical cavity; 215, outer ring end; 216, limiting notch; 217, air passage one; 220, retaining ring; 230, spring two; 240, pulley disc; 250, coupling;

[0069] 300, broach mechanism; 310, broach rod; 311, sleeve slot; 312, plug-in mounting port; 313, limiting stopper; 314, broach plug; 315, groove; 316, threaded hole; 301, air passage two; 320, extension sleeve frame; 321, extension plug; 322, half ring sleeve; 323, long bolt; 324, outer protrusion;

[0070] 400, broach driving mechanism; 410, outer cavity shell; 411, gas source connector; 412, air passage three; 413, retaining ring frame; 414, bearing; 420, movable sleeve; 421, compression ring end; 422, upper allowance part; 423, lower allowance part; 424, inner recess; 430, spring one; 401, air cavity;

[0071] 500, cutting tool part; 510, tool head; 520, tool seat; 521, reinforcing seat block; 522, limiting plug; 523, tapered block end; 524, columnar rod; 525, abutment head. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0072] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of the present application.

[0073] The present application provides a technical solution: as shown in Figure 1 Figure 12 A composite metal cutting machine tool spindle, comprising a shaft sleeve seat 100, a connecting table 110 and a bearing seat end 120 are integrally formed at the lower end of the shaft sleeve seat 100, further comprising:

[0074] A spindle part 200, the spindle part 200 comprises a solid shaft 210 installed in the shaft sleeve seat 100, and an installation cavity structure is formed at the lower end of the solid shaft 210;

[0075] A broach mechanism 300, the broach mechanism 300 comprises a broach rod 310 movably installed in the installation cavity structure at the lower end of the solid shaft 210 and an extension sleeve frame 320 installed at the upper end of the broach rod 310, and the extension end of the extension sleeve frame 320 extends out of the installation cavity structure;

[0076] A broach driving mechanism 400, the broach driving mechanism 400 comprises an outer cavity shell 410 connected and installed on the connecting table 110 and a movable sleeve 420 movably arranged in the outer cavity shell 410, a spring 1 430 is installed at the inner lower end of the outer cavity shell 410, the lower end of the movable sleeve 420 is connected with the upper end of the spring 1 430, and a gas cavity 401 is formed between the upper end of the movable sleeve 420 and the lower end surface of the connecting table 110, the outer cavity shell 410 is connected with a high-pressure gas source, the high-pressure gas is introduced into the gas cavity 401 to press down the movable sleeve 420, the movable sleeve 420 presses down the extension sleeve frame 320, and then drives the broach mechanism 300.

[0077] In some embodiments of the present application, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4 The spindle part 200 further comprises:

[0078] A stop ring 220, the stop ring 220 is fixedly welded at the lower end of the solid shaft 210;

[0079] A spring 2 230, the spring 2 230 is sleeved at the lower end of the solid shaft 210, the lower end of the spring 2 230 is fixedly connected with the stop ring 220, and the upper end of the spring 2 230 is in contact with the extension end of the extension sleeve frame 320;

[0080] A belt pulley 240, the belt pulley 240 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the solid shaft 210;​

[0081] A coupling 250 is connected to the upper end of the solid shaft 210.

[0082] In some embodiments of the present application, with reference to Figure 3 Figure 5 As shown in the drawings, the solid shaft 210 comprises:

[0083] A cylindrical cavity 211 is formed in the lower end of the solid shaft 210, and through holes 212 are formed on both sides of the cylindrical cavity 211, and the extension end of the extension sleeve 320 extends from the through holes 212;

[0084] An expanding cavity 213 is formed in the lower end of the solid shaft 210 and is in communication with the lower end of the cylindrical cavity 211;

[0085] A conical cavity 214 is formed in the lower end of the solid shaft 210 and is in communication with the lower end of the expanding cavity 213;

[0086] The lower end of the solid shaft 210 is sequentially provided with the conical cavity 214, the expanding cavity 213, and the cylindrical cavity 211 from bottom to top, and the three cavities are in communication to form a mounting cavity structure;

[0087] An outer ring end 215 is fixedly welded to the lower end of the solid shaft 210;

[0088] A limiting slot 216 is formed on the lower end surface of the outer ring end 215;

[0089] A gas channel 217 is formed in the upper end of the cylindrical cavity 211.

[0090] The traditional design of the spindle through hole accommodating broach device is abandoned, the solid shaft 210 is used as the core component of the spindle, and a mounting cavity structure composed of the conical cavity 214, the expanding cavity 213, and the cylindrical cavity 211 is only formed in the lower end for accommodating the broach mechanism 300, without damaging the overall structural integrity of the spindle, and the strength of the solid shaft 210 is maximized. Compared with the hollow shaft structure, the bending strength and torsional stiffness of the solid shaft 210 of the present application are improved, which can effectively withstand high load and high torque during cutting of medium and large parts, and reduce the deformation of the spindle.

[0091] Further, the middle part of the expanding cavity 213 is a cylindrical cavity 201, the upper and lower ends are conical frustum cavities 202, the diameter of the cylindrical cavity 201 in the middle part is greater than the diameter of the cylindrical cavity 211, and a ring magnet 203 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity 201 of the expanding cavity 213.

[0092] In some embodiments of the present application, with reference to Figure 3 Figure 7 ​​As shown, the broach rod 310 comprises:

[0093] The sleeve groove 311 is formed at the lower end of the broach rod 310.

[0094] The plug-in mounting port 312 is formed at the lower end of the sleeve groove 311.

[0095] The limiting stopper 313 is fixedly arranged on the upper and lower surfaces inside the plug-in mounting port 312.

[0096] The broach plug 314 is movably plugged into the plug-in mounting port 312, and the recess groove 315 is formed on the upper and lower end surfaces of the broach plug 314, and the limiting stopper 313 is clamped in the recess groove 315, and the ring-shaped magnet 203 arranged on the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity 201 can adsorb and move the broach plug 314 movably plugged into the sleeve groove 311.

[0097] The threaded hole 316 is formed at the upper end of the broach rod 310, and is used for connecting and mounting the extension sleeve 320.

[0098] Further, the broach rod 310 is a columnar structure, the diameter of the broach rod 310 matches the diameter of the cylindrical cavity 211, the length of the broach rod 310 matches the depth of the cylindrical cavity 211, and the air passage two 301 is further formed at the upper end of the broach rod 310, and the air passage two 301 communicates with the sleeve groove 311.

[0099] Further, the extension sleeve 320 comprises:

[0100] The extension plug 321 is used for plugging into the through hole 212.

[0101] The half-ring sleeve 322 is fixedly arranged on the extension plug 321, and is used for sleeving the broach rod 310.

[0102] The long bolt 323 is threadedly connected to one end of the extension plug 321, and is used for threadedly connecting with the threaded hole 316.

[0103] The outer protrusion 324 is fixedly arranged at the two ends of the half-ring sleeve 322.

[0104] In some embodiments of the present application, with reference to Figure 8 - Figure 12 As shown, the outer cavity shell 410 comprises:

[0105] The gas source connector 411 is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the outer cavity shell 410.

[0106] Airway three 412, airway three 412 is arranged at the upper end of the outer cavity shell 410, and is used for guiding the gas input by the gas source connector 411 into the air cavity 401 at the upper end of the inner cavity of the outer cavity shell 410;

[0107] The blocking ring frame 413 is fixedly welded at the inner lower end of the outer cavity shell 410, and the lower end of the spring one 430 is fixedly arranged in the blocking ring frame 413.

[0108] The bearing 414 is installed in the opening arranged at the lower end of the outer cavity shell 410, and the lower end of the solid shaft 210 is connected with the bearing 414.

[0109] The anti-chip structure of the gas-driven linkage blowing is constructed, the high-pressure gas source of the broach driving mechanism 400 is used to realize the synchronous anti-chip function, when the high-pressure gas is input into the air cavity 401 to drive the movable sleeve 420 to move downward, the opening of the airway one 217 is unblocked, part of the high-pressure gas enters the cylindrical cavity 211 through the airway one 217, and then is guided into the sleeve groove 311 through the airway two 301 at the upper end of the broach rod 310, and finally continuously blows the gas to the conical cavity 214, so that a stable air curtain is formed at the port of the conical cavity 214. The air curtain can play a role in the process of installing and dismounting the tool, effectively blocks impurities such as cutting chips and cutting fluid from entering the inside of the installation chamber structure, and avoids the abrasion and wear of the installation chamber structure by impurities from the source.

[0110] Further, the movable sleeve 420 comprises:

[0111] The compression ring end 421 is fixedly arranged at the inner upper end of the movable sleeve 420, and is used for pressing downward the extension plug 321;

[0112] The upper displacement part 422 is formed at the upper end of the movable sleeve 420 by the compression ring end 421, and is used for displacing the bearing seat end 120;

[0113] The lower displacement part 423 is formed at the lower end of the movable sleeve 420 by the compression ring end 421, and is used for displacing the extension sleeve frame 320, the blocking ring 220 and the spring two 230;

[0114] The inner recess 424 is arranged at the inner wall lower end of the movable sleeve 420, and is used for displacing the spring one 430, and the upper end of the spring one 430 is fixedly connected to the top of the inner recess 424.

[0115] The driving mode of the pull broach driven by the pneumatic drive is adopted to realize the driving of the pull broach driving mechanism 400 to the pull broach mechanism 300, and the installation cavity structure of the solid shaft 210 is only locally opened at the lower end to accommodate the pull broach mechanism 300. When the movable sleeve 420 driven by high-pressure gas moves downward, the pull broach rod 310 is lowered by the pressure ring end 421 acting on the extension sleeve frame 320. After stopping the gas supply, the spring I 430 drives the movable sleeve 420 to reset, the spring II 230 drives the extension sleeve frame 320 and the pull broach rod 310 to reset, realizes the quick tool changing, and improves the tool changing efficiency.

[0116] In some embodiments of the present application, referring to Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 10 and Figure 11 , the pull broach mechanism 300 further comprises a cutting tool part 500, and the cutting tool part 500 comprises:

[0117] a tool head 510;

[0118] a tool seat 520, the tool head 510 is connected to the tool seat 520, the tool seat 520 comprises a reinforcing seat block 521 and a limiting plug block 522 fixedly arranged at the edge of the upper end face of the reinforcing seat block 521, the limiting plug block 522 is inserted into the limiting slot 216, a conical block end 523 is fixedly arranged at the center of the reinforcing seat block 521, the conical block end 523 is matched with the conical cavity 214, a columnar rod 524 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the conical block end 523, a block head 525 for pushing the stop tool insert strip 314 is fixedly welded at the upper end of the columnar rod 524, the upper and lower ends of the block head 525 are both arranged as inclined surfaces, even if the ring-shaped magnet 203 arranged on the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity 201 cannot move the stop tool insert strip 314 inserted and installed in the sleeve groove position 311, the inclined surfaces of the block head 525 can push the stop tool insert strip 314, so that the stop tool insert strip 314 gives way to the slot of the sleeve groove position 311.

[0119] Working principle:

[0120] When the cutting tool 500 is installed in the installation cavity structure at the lower end of the solid shaft 210, the high-pressure gas is continuously input into the outer cavity shell 410 through the gas source connector 411 arranged on the outer wall of the outer cavity shell 410, and the gas is input into the gas cavity 401 at the upper end of the inner part of the outer cavity shell 410 through the gas channel three 412. The high-pressure gas in the gas cavity 401 presses the upper end of the movable sleeve 420 downward, so that the movable sleeve 420 moves downward in the outer cavity shell 410. In the process of moving downward, the movable sleeve 420 presses the extension block 321, the half ring sleeve 322 and the outer convex block 324 of the extension sleeve frame 320 through the pressing ring end 421, so that the extension sleeve frame 320 drives the broach rod 310 to move downward in the cylindrical cavity 211. When the movable sleeve 420 is pressed downward by the gas pressure, the broach rod 310 moves downward in the cylindrical cavity 211, and the spring one 430 and the spring two 230 are compressed.

[0121] When the broach rod 310 moves downward in the cylindrical cavity 211, the sleeve groove position 311 at the lower end of the broach rod 310 moves into the cylindrical cavity body 201 at the middle part of the outer expansion cavity 213. The ring-shaped magnet 203 arranged on the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity body 201 absorbs the stop tool insertion strip 314 movably inserted into the sleeve groove position 311, so that the stop tool insertion strip 314 gives way to the slot of the sleeve groove position 311, and then the upper end of the cutting tool 500 is inserted into the sleeve groove position 311.

[0122] After the abutment head 525 at the upper end of the column rod 524 is inserted into the sleeve groove position 311, the input of the gas is stopped, the spring one 430 and the spring two 230 are no longer compressed, the spring one 430 drives the movable sleeve 420 to move upward and return to the original position, the spring two 230 drives the extension sleeve frame 320 to move upward and return to the original position, the extension sleeve frame 320 moves upward and returns to the original position, which drives the broach rod 310 to move upward in the cylindrical cavity 211. When the broach rod 310 moves upward and returns to the original position in the cylindrical cavity 211, the stop tool insertion strip 314 passes through the conical cavity body 202 at the upper end of the outer expansion cavity 213, and the end in contact with the inclined edge of the conical cavity body 202 is blocked, so that the stop tool insertion strip 314 is inserted into the sleeve groove position 311 and located at the lower end of the abutment head 525, thereby pulling the abutment head 525 upward. The abutment head 525 is pulled and drives the column rod 524 and the tapered block end 523 to move upward, so that the tapered block end 523 is tightly inserted into the conical cavity 214 at the lower end of the solid shaft 210, and the limiting insertion block 522 is inserted into the limiting slot 216, thereby realizing the connection between the cutting tool 500 and the solid shaft 210.

[0123] At the same time, when the high-pressure gas is continuously input into the outer cavity shell 410, the movable sleeve 420 is pressed downward by the gas pressure, the opening of the air channel 217 is no longer blocked, and part of the gas enters the cylindrical cavity 211 through the air channel 217, and then enters the sleeve groove 311 through the air channel 302 at the upper end of the drawbar rod 310, and continuously blows gas into the conical cavity 214 through the sleeve groove 311, so that the gas continuously blows out of the cavity opening of the conical cavity 214, and a stable air curtain is formed at the port of the conical cavity 214. The air curtain can play a role in the process of installing and dismounting the tool, effectively blocking impurities such as cutting chips and cutting fluid from entering the inside of the installation cavity structure, and avoiding the abrasion and wear of the installation cavity structure by impurities from the source.

[0124] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms such as first and second are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between such entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or apparatus including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or other elements inherent in such a process, method, article or apparatus.

[0125] Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that various modifications, substitutions, replacements and changes can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A composite metal cutting machine tool spindle, comprising a bushing seat (100), wherein the lower end of the bushing seat (100) is integrally formed with a connecting platform (110) and a bearing seat end (120), characterized in that, Also includes: The main shaft (200) includes a solid shaft (210) installed in the bushing seat (100), and the lower end of the solid shaft (210) is provided with an installation chamber structure; A drawbar mechanism (300) includes a drawbar rod (310) movably mounted in a mounting chamber structure at the lower end of the solid shaft (210) and an extension sleeve (320) mounted on the upper end of the drawbar rod (310), the extension end of the extension sleeve (320) extending out from the mounting chamber structure; A drawbar drive mechanism (400) includes an outer cavity shell (410) connected and installed on the connecting platform (110) and a movable sleeve (420) movably disposed inside the outer cavity shell (410). A spring (430) is installed at the lower end inside the outer cavity shell (410). The lower end of the movable sleeve (420) is connected to the upper end of the spring (430). An air cavity (401) is formed between the upper end of the movable sleeve (420) and the lower end face of the connecting platform (110). The outer cavity shell (410) is connected to a high-pressure air source. The high-pressure gas is introduced into the air cavity (401) to press down the movable sleeve (420). The movable sleeve (420) presses down the extension sleeve (320), thereby driving the drawbar mechanism (300). The solid shaft (210) includes: A cylindrical cavity (211) is formed at the lower end of a solid shaft (210). Through openings (212) are formed on both sides of the cylindrical cavity (211). The extended end of the extension sleeve (320) extends out from the through openings (212). An external expansion cavity (213) is formed at the lower end of the solid shaft (210) and is connected to the lower end of the cylindrical cavity (211); A conical cavity (214) is formed at the lower end of the solid shaft (210) and is connected to the lower end of the outwardly expanding cavity (213); The lower end of the solid shaft (210) consists of a conical cavity (214), an expanded cavity (213), and a cylindrical cavity (211) from bottom to top, and the three cavities are connected to form an installation chamber structure; The outer ring end (215) is fixedly welded to the lower end of the solid shaft (210); A limiting slot (216) is formed on the lower end face of the outer ring end (215); Airway 1 (217), which is located at the upper end of the cylindrical cavity (211); The middle part of the outer expansion cavity (213) is a cylindrical cavity (201), and the upper and lower ends are frustoconical cavities (202). The diameter of the cylindrical cavity (201) in the middle part is larger than the diameter of the cylindrical cavity (211). A ring magnet (203) is also fixedly provided on the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity (201) of the outer expansion cavity (213). The drawbar (310) includes: A slot (311) is provided at the lower end of the pull rod (310); A plug-in mounting port (312) is provided at the lower end of the sleeve slot (311); Limiting block (313), the limiting block (313) is fixedly disposed on the upper and lower surfaces inside the plug-in mounting port (312); A knife-stop insert (314) is movably inserted into the insertion and mounting port (312). Grooves (315) are provided on the upper and lower end faces of the knife-stop insert (314), and the limiting block (313) is engaged in the groove (315). A threaded hole (316) is provided at the upper end of the pull rod (310) for connecting and installing the extension sleeve (320); The pull rod (310) is a columnar structure. The diameter of the pull rod (310) matches the diameter of the cylindrical cavity (211). The length of the pull rod (310) matches the depth of the cylindrical cavity (211). The upper end of the pull rod (310) is also provided with an air passage (301), which is connected to the sleeve groove (311).

2. The composite metal cutting machine tool spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spindle section (200) also includes: A retaining ring (220) is fixedly welded to the lower end of the solid shaft (210); Spring 2 (230) is fitted on the lower end of the solid shaft (210), and the lower end of the spring 2 (230) is fixedly connected to the retaining ring (220). The upper end of the spring 2 (230) is in contact with the extension end of the extension sleeve (320). A pulley (240) is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the solid shaft (210); A coupling (250) is connected to the upper end of the solid shaft (210).

3. The composite metal cutting machine tool spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extended sleeve (320) includes: An extension plug (321) is used to be inserted into the through-hole (212); A semi-ring sleeve (322) is fixedly mounted on the extension insert (321) and is used to fit onto the pull rod (310); A long bolt (323) is threaded to one end of the extension plug (321) for threaded connection with the threaded hole (316); Outer protrusion (324) is fixedly disposed at both ends of the semi-ring sleeve (322).

4. The composite metal cutting machine tool spindle according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outer cavity shell (410) includes: An air source connector (411) is fixedly disposed on the upper end of the outer wall of the outer cavity shell (410); Air passage three (412), which is opened at the upper end of the outer cavity shell (410), is used to guide the gas input by the gas source connector (411) into the air cavity (401) at the upper end of the outer cavity shell (410); A retaining ring frame (413) is fixedly welded to the lower end of the inner cavity shell (410), and the lower end of the spring (430) is fixedly disposed inside the retaining ring frame (413). The bearing (414) is installed in the opening at the lower end of the outer shell (410), and the lower end of the solid shaft (210) is connected to the bearing (414).

5. The composite metal cutting machine tool spindle according to claim 4, characterized in that, The movable sleeve (420) includes: A pressure ring end (421) is fixedly disposed inside the upper end of the movable sleeve (420) and is used to press down the extension insert (321); The upper clearance portion (422) is formed at the upper end of the movable sleeve (420) by the pressure ring end (421) separating the movable sleeve (420). The upper clearance portion (422) is used to make way for the bearing seat end (120). The lower clearance portion (423) is formed at the lower end of the movable sleeve (420) by the pressure ring end (421) separating the movable sleeve (420). The lower clearance portion (423) is used to make way for the extension sleeve (320), the retaining ring (220) and the second spring (230). The recess (424) is formed at the lower end of the inner wall of the movable sleeve (420) to allow the spring (430) to move, and the upper end of the spring (430) is fixedly connected to the top of the recess (424).

6. The composite metal cutting machine tool spindle according to claim 5, characterized in that, The broaching mechanism (300) further includes a cutting tool section (500), which includes: Blade tip (510); The tool holder (520) is connected to the tool head (510). The tool holder (520) includes a reinforcing block (521) and a limiting block (522) fixedly disposed at the edge of the upper end face of the reinforcing block (521). The limiting block (522) is inserted into the limiting groove (216). A conical end (523) is fixedly disposed at the center of the reinforcing block (521). The conical end (523) matches the conical cavity (214). A column rod (524) is fixedly disposed at the upper end of the conical end (523). A pusher head (525) for pushing the knife stop bar (314) is fixedly welded to the upper end of the column rod (524).

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