The invention discloses a rotary columnar deposit sampler, comprising a sampling tube, a rotary cutting system and a supporting board. The sampling tube comprises a positive half-tube, a matching half-tube, a top cover, a mouth piece and a manual rod; the sampling tube comprises a positive half-tube and a matching half-tube, and can be switched on or off with a hinge by the bolt and nut arranged on both axial sides; the mouth piece comprises a half right-circular conical cavity and a triangular plate, the bottom side thereof is fixedly connected with the bottom side of the matching half-tube, and the flank is blocked by a triangular plate; the rotary cutting system comprises a rotary cutting blade, a bushing, a rotary rod, a rotary-cutting handle and a stop clipping-hook, the rotary cutting blade is in semicircle shape and vertically fixed on the rotary rod by equal distances, the rotary rod is fixed on the axial line of the positive half-tube and can make horizontal circumrotation; the supporting board comprises a plurality of rectangular clapboards fixed on the matching half-tube by equal intervals, and the gap between two neighboring flat-plates can ensure free rotary cutting movements of the rotary cutting blade. The sampler adopts a rotary cutting manner to stratify the deposit, the structure is simple, the cost is low, the operation is convenient, and the disassembly and maintenance are easy, and is light to carry.